Formwork element having a beam

Abstract

The invention relates to a ceiling formwork beam (10), preferably made of steel, at least slightly curved in the direction of the concrete to be filled in and / or comprising openings (14), the size and / or shape and / or alignment and / or distribution thereof changing over the length of the beam (10), and / or the beam (10) being designed with respect to the dimensions thereof over the length, such that the beam is less weakened in a center area than in the end areas. A formwork element, in particular a panel, comprises at least one such beam.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The following invention relates to a formwork element with at least one support.

[0002] In the field of construction, it is particularly common in the construction of concrete ceilings to place a grid of beams on supports, on which formwork panels are then placed, in order to pour the concrete ceiling after the ceiling edges have been defined.

[0003] Thus, beams can be used, firstly, to support formwork panels. Secondly, they can be appropriately provided with a surface suitable for formwork, so that they function as narrow, strip-like formwork elements. Finally, one or more beams can be integrated into a formwork element, such as a formwork panel, and serve as crossbeams at the edges and / or between the edges. STATE OF THE ART

[0004] The beams and formwork elements described above are known as previously used items. PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The invention is based on the objective of creating a formwork element that is improved with regard to handling.

[0006] This problem is solved by the formwork panel described in claim 1.

[0007] Accordingly, this formwork has at least one support. This support preferably consists at least partially of metal, in particular steel, but can also be any other suitable material, such as wood, aluminum, or fiber-reinforced plastic. However, a particular challenge with steel supports lies in the ability to continue manipulating the support, or several such supports that may be integrated into a formwork element. In other words, the weight of the support must be reduced as much as possible while simultaneously meeting the strength requirements. According to the invention, this is achieved by the measures described below.

[0008] The beam is at least slightly curved in the direction of the concrete to be poured. This essentially means a certain degree of "pre-stress" in the direction of the load, which allows the load to be absorbed particularly well. This is possible, in particular, without the risk of deflection against the direction of the curvature, which would lead to undesirable bulges or bulges on the underside of the finished concrete slab. The described curvature can be uniform and can be on the order of a few millimeters, depending on the length of the beam, for example, approximately 4 millimeters.

[0009] Secondly, the beam has openings whose size, shape, orientation, and / or distribution change along its length such that the beam is less weakened in a central region than in at least one end region. It should be noted that such a beam is typically supported at its ends and subjected to a uniform distributed load along its length. This results in a greater load in the central regions than in the end regions. According to the invention, this is addressed, while simultaneously utilizing weight-saving possibilities, by providing the beam with openings that become progressively smaller and / or fewer in number in the central region. The openings can have a largely consistent shape, for example, circular, across the entire beam, but decrease in size towards the center.Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the shape and / or orientation of the openings can be modified towards the center in such a way as to reduce the weakening in this area. For example, the shape can be changed from elliptical in the outer zones to circular in the central area, and / or elliptical openings can be oriented horizontally instead of vertically. The measures described, or a combination thereof, can significantly reduce weight, particularly on a steel beam, while simultaneously meeting the strength requirements to an advantageous degree.

[0010] This applies equally to the measure whereby the beam itself is designed with regard to its dimensions along its length in such a way that it is less weakened in a central area than in at least one end area. This can be achieved, for example, by making the beam, which in a cross-sectional view appears to be arranged vertically, "taller" and therefore more stable in the central area than in the end areas. This also ensures strength along the entire length, particularly in the central area, while simultaneously saving weight, especially at the ends.

[0011] Preferred embodiments of the formwork panel according to the invention are described in the further claims.

[0012] With regard to the versatile applicability of the support, it has proven advantageous to design at least one opening such that at least one bracket for supporting another, preferably a timber, formwork beam can be suspended in it. This ensures compatibility with other slab formwork systems that, for example, incorporate timber formwork beams. Furthermore, the described suspension mechanism is beneficial for the particularly flexible design of the edge area of ​​the slab formwork system according to the invention. It should be noted that a regular arrangement, in other words a kind of grid, of possibly equally sized and / or uniformly shaped openings is conceivable for suspending the described bracket.In particular, such an embodiment, optionally in combination with one or more of the features described above or below, as well as the use of at least one opening in a beam for hanging at least one bracket for receiving a further, preferably a wooden, formwork beam, is to be considered the subject matter of the present application. This applies equally to a bracket that can be hung in at least one opening of a beam. This bracket can be largely U-shaped with a base whose "width" (viewed from above) corresponds approximately to the width of a beam (also viewed from above, measured perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the beam). Two legs can be attached to this base on different sides, so that in the state of use they extend largely vertically to different sides of the formwork beam.By means of mutually directed but offset projections or hooks along the length of the base, the stirrup can, for example, be hooked into two adjacent openings of a formwork beam and used to support one or more timber formwork beams. Previously, it was known to provide formwork beams with lateral, strip-like projections extending essentially the entire length of the beam, featuring a raised end to allow the described stirrups to be hooked in. In contrast, the previously described method of utilizing openings in the beam for hooking in stirrups offers the advantage of a significantly lower risk of contamination than with the previously described lateral, strip-like projections.

[0013] For flexible usability, it is further preferred that a support of the formwork panel according to the invention is provided at at least one end with at least two supports oriented in the same (usually vertical) direction, which are arranged at different vertical heights such that the support can be placed on other elements of a slab formwork system at at least two different horizontal levels. This consideration assumes that the formwork support is largely arranged horizontally in use; however, it is also conceivable that the formwork support is in a vertical position, and thus different positions are possible in the lateral direction. In any case, the at least two supports oriented in the same direction ensure that the formwork panel according to the invention is particularly versatile.

[0014] If a support of the formwork panel is nailable, for example by means of a suitable wood insert, the advantage of the supports being directed in the same direction is that this nailability applies to use on both (or more) horizontal levels.

[0015] For handling the beam, it has proven advantageous if the higher support is positioned closer to the end of the beam than the lower support. In other words, the beam's "height" decreases towards the end, which corresponds to the previously described change in the beam's shape along its length, and also facilitates easier placement.

[0016] Initial trials have shown that materials for at least one support, at least in part made of metal, especially steel and / or a plastic, especially fiber-reinforced, have proven to be advantageous.

[0017] To achieve securing in all horizontal directions, it is currently preferred that at least one support be designed in a sleeve-like shape. Such a shape forms a largely vertically extending cavity into which a largely vertical projection or pin of a counter-support, for example on a column, can be inserted. In particular, the described cavity is bounded on at least three, preferably four, sides in the horizontal direction and / or provided with a rounded contour, so that particularly good interaction with round pins, for example of a column head, is possible.

[0018] Particular advantages with regard to handling, and especially with regard to flexible use, are found in the preferred embodiment in which a second support below a first support can be folded in and out. In this embodiment, the length of the beam does not change when using the different supports, thus achieving favorable properties. In particular, the two supports are essentially aligned with each other when the lower support is folded in.

[0019] In accordance with the basic idea of ​​the invention, namely to meet strength requirements while simultaneously saving weight, it is further preferred for a formwork panel according to the invention to space at least two existing supports, in particular transverse supports between edge supports, closer together in a central area of ​​the panel than in the end areas. This allows the particularly stressed central area to be reinforced to a certain extent, while weight is saved in the end areas.

[0020] Finally, an embodiment of a formwork panel has proven to be particularly advantageous in which all edge beams are not curved, and this measure is only used for the particularly load-bearing crossbeams between the edge beams. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The following section provides a more detailed explanation of exemplary embodiments of the invention illustrated in the drawings. The drawings show: Fig. 1 a schematic view of a support integrated into a formwork panel according to the invention; Fig. 2 another embodiment of a support; and Fig. 3 another embodiment of a carrier. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED FORMATIONS OF THE INVENTION

[0022] In Fig. 1 A beam 10 is shown in a side view, exaggerated with regard to its curvature. In this example, the beam is integrated into a formwork element, of which only the edge profiles 12 are shown. In the final state, a formwork panel is located above the profiles 12 and the beam 10, onto which concrete is poured. The resulting distributed load places a comparatively large load on the beam, particularly in its central region, since it is supported at its edges by suitable supports. To counteract this load in the form of a kind of prestressing, the beam according to the invention is in the Fig. 1In the illustrated embodiment, the curvature is bent in the direction of the expected load. This curvature is in Fig. 1 While exaggerated for illustrative purposes, in practice the difference is a few millimeters, depending on the length of the wearer. In the case of the Fig. 1 The beam shown may in particular be one of possibly several such crossbeams, which are at least partially curved in the manner described, whereas this is not necessarily the case for the edge beams or profiles 12. In the case of the Fig. 1 In the embodiment shown, openings 14 are also shown, which are unevenly distributed over the length of the carrier.

[0023] At the in Fig. 2 In the embodiment shown, such openings 14 are in accordance with an alternative measure according to the invention, which, however, is combined with the one shown in Fig. 1The curvature shown can be combined with the shape of the support 20, which is modified in size along its length. In particular, the openings become smaller towards the center and, in the illustrated embodiment, are completely omitted in the central region, so that this particularly stressed area is significantly less weakened than the end regions. This ensures strength along the entire length of the support, while saving weight, especially in the less stressed end regions.

[0024] This applies equally to the in Fig. 3The third embodiment of a support 30 is shown, which is additionally designed to be less "high" in the end regions A (according to the operating position) than in a central region. Supports 32 are visible at the ends. The support 30 is also provided with openings along its length, the shape, orientation, and distribution of which change over the length of the support. In the example shown, openings in the end regions are provided in the form of a relatively flat triangle, the corners of which are rounded with different radii. In this example, two sides of the triangle are largely parallel to edges of the support, namely the upper edge and the lower edge, which slopes upwards in this region. The radius of curvature is largest towards the end of the support and smallest at the upper corner located on the inside of the support.Instead of the openings shown, oval or elliptical openings, as well as rectangular openings with rounded ends, can also be provided and, for example, aligned largely parallel to the inclined lower edge of the beam in this area. Elliptical or oval openings and / or openings in one of the previously described shapes can be oriented largely vertically towards the center of the beam, as shown, and largely horizontally even further towards the center. Circular openings are also found in the center of the beam. Overall, it was found that with the specific distribution, shape, and orientation of the openings shown, weight can be saved while simultaneously ensuring strength along the entire length of the beam.

Claims

1. Form work panel having at least one beam (10, 20,30) preferably made of steel which is at least slightly arched in the direction of the concrete to be poured in, and has openings (14) of which the size and / or shape and / or orientation and / or distribution varies over the length of the beam (10, 20, 30) in such a way that the beam (10, 20, 30) is less weakened in a central region than in end regions (A).

2. Formwork panel according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one U-shaped member can be mounted in at least one opening (14) in a beam for supporting an additional formwork beam, preferably a wooden formwork beam.

3. Formwork panel according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the beam in use is to a large extent horizontally arranged and at at least one end is provided with two supports (32) extending in the same direction, which are arranged at different vertical heights in such a way that the beam (30) at at least two different horizontal levels can be laid on other elements of a ceiling formwork system.

4. Formwork panel according to claim 3, characterised in that the higher support is arranged closer to the end of the ceiling formwork beam (30) than the lower support.

5. Formwork panel according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that at least one support (32) in at least one region is made of metal and / or a fibre-reinforced plastic.

6. Formwork panel according to any of claims 3 to 5, characterised in that at least one support (32) is bush-like.

7. Formwork panel according to one or more of claims 3 to 6, characterised in that at least one support can be pivoted in and out below an additional support (32).

8. Formwork panel according to any of the preceding claims, having several beams (10, 20, 30) at least two of which are more closely spaced in a central region of the formwork panel than in end regions.

9. Formwork panel according to any of the preceding claims, having edge beams and crossbeams between the edge beams, characterised in that only at least one crossbeam is arched.

Images