Rapid connection system for detachably holding a formwork shell and formwork beam

Abstract

The invention relates to a formwork module for formwork for a building part, comprising at least one formwork beam and at least one formwork shell, wherein at least one connector is situated between the formwork beam and the formwork shell. The connector comprises at least one beam element, which is fastened on or in the formwork beam, and at least one formwork shell element, which is fastened in or on the formwork shell. The beam element and the formwork shell element can be reversibly interconnected and form the connector, by means of which the formwork shell can be reversibly connected to the formwork beam. The invention also relates to the use of a connector for detachably connecting a formwork beam to a formwork shell and to a method for connecting a formwork shell to a formwork beam of a formwork module. Finally, the invention relates to a method for separating a formwork shell from a formwork beam of a formwork module.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a formwork element for formwork for a building component, comprising at least one formwork beam and at least one formwork skin, wherein at least one connector is arranged between the formwork beam and the formwork skin. The connector comprises at least one support element, which is attached to or in the formwork beam, and at least one formwork skin element, which is attached to or in the formwork skin. The support element and the formwork skin element are reversibly connectable to each other and form the connector, whereby the formwork skin is reversibly connectable to the formwork beam. The invention further relates to the use of a connector for the detachable connection of a formwork beam to a formwork skin and a method for connecting a formwork skin to a formwork beam of a formwork element. Finally, the invention relates to a method for separating a formwork skin from a formwork beam of a formwork element.

[0002] In building construction, walls, ceilings, columns, and other building elements are made from concrete. First, a form for the building component to be constructed, the formwork, is built. Liquid concrete is then poured into the formwork. The concrete hardens inside the formwork. Sometimes, reinforcement made of a different material than the concrete, such as metal mesh, is also placed inside the formwork. After the concrete has hardened, the formwork is removed. In this process, the concrete comes into contact with the formwork, which is designed to prevent any liquid concrete from leaking out. The area of ​​the formwork that seals against the liquid and later hardened concrete is called the formwork lining.When separating the formwork from the hardened concrete, damage to the formwork skin often occurs. Formwork skin elements therefore need to be renewed or replaced from time to time. Furthermore, different formwork skins or elements exist for the varying surface qualities required for the building section being constructed. The formwork skin itself is usually not designed to bear the load of the concrete alone. Thus, formwork typically also includes a formwork support beam, which absorbs and transfers the loads and forces that occur when the liquid concrete is poured. When assembling and disassembling formwork, the formwork support beam and the formwork skin must therefore be connected and then separated again.

[0003] A common method for joining formwork panels to formwork beams involves riveting the two elements. These rivets are inserted during the joining process and are subsequently destroyed when the formwork panels and beams are separated. This method is therefore time-consuming and causes wear on both the formwork panels and the beams. Furthermore, the rivet marks are visible on the completed building section. For high-quality surface finishes, these rivet marks are unsightly and undesirable.

[0004] From DE 10 2013 107 303 A1, a formwork panel for concrete formwork is known in which both the formwork support and the formwork skin are made of plastic. The two elements are connected by clip connections. A disadvantage of the described solution is that, to separate the two elements, either each individual clip connection must be separated from each other with a tool, or the clip connections are destroyed during separation. With the disclosed formwork panel, this results in a high cost for separation, or the formwork skin can only be used once, leading to a large amount of plastic waste and the need to constantly provide new formwork skins.

[0005] JP2004353196A describes a component for reinforcing an opening in a formwork element. During the construction of building sections, a separator is inserted through the opening in the formwork element. This separator positions two opposing formwork elements relative to each other and allows them to be separated after the building section is erected. The described component protects and reinforces the opening in the formwork element, thus preventing damage that can occur during the repeated insertion and removal of the separator.

[0006] KR20090003824U describes a formwork element comprising a formwork beam and an attached formwork skin. After the erection of a building section, the formwork skin is separated from the formwork beam and remains permanently attached to the erected building section as the final surface. To facilitate easy separation of the formwork skin and formwork beam, the formwork element includes several connectors, a portion of which remains attached to the erected building section along with the formwork skin.

[0007] The object of the invention is therefore to propose solutions which enable a simple connection and separation of the sound membrane and the circuit carrier, whereby both the sound membrane and the circuit carrier are to be used several times.

[0008] This problem is solved by a formwork element for a formwork for a building component, according to claim 1 and comprising at least one formwork beam, and at least one formwork skin, wherein at least one connector is arranged between the formwork beam and the formwork skin and the connector comprises at least one support element which is attached to or in the formwork beam and at least one formwork skin element which is attached in or to the formwork skin; and the support element and the formwork skin element are reversibly connectable to each other and form the connector, whereby the formwork skin is reversibly connectable to the formwork beam.The reversible connection between the support element and the formwork skin element can be separated solely by applying a force perpendicular to the formwork skin and directed away from the formwork support, which is greater than a limiting separation force, where the limiting separation force is a normal force. Conversely, the connection can be formed by applying a force perpendicular to the formwork skin and directed towards the formwork support, which is greater than a limiting connection force, where the limiting connection force is also a normal force. The formwork skin is plate-shaped and has a concrete side which, when the formwork element is used, faces the building section to be constructed. It also has a mounting side opposite the concrete side, which faces the formwork support, with the formwork skin element being arranged on or in the mounting side.The formwork panel element has a formwork panel attachment area which is connected to the formwork panel, and the connection between the formwork panel element and the formwork panel is detachable. Furthermore, a formwork panel adapter is arranged between the formwork panel element and the formwork panel, wherein the formwork panel adapter is a component that facilitates the detachment and connection of the formwork panel element to / from the formwork panel and the formwork panel adapter remains on or in the formwork panel when the formwork panel element is replaced, wherein the formwork support has a frame and the support element is arranged on or in the frame on its side facing the formwork panel.The formwork panel adapter is positively connected to the formwork panel, wherein the formwork panel element and the formwork panel adapter are arranged on or in the mounting side, wherein the formwork panel adapter can be inserted into the formwork panel on the mounting side of the formwork panel by a movement parallel to the mounting side of the formwork panel, and in the inserted state there is a positive fit between the formwork panel and the formwork panel adapter in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side, wherein the formwork panel has a recess with an undercut in a side view from a direction perpendicular to the mounting side, and the formwork panel adapter is inserted into the recess, wherein a portion of the formwork panel adapter is arranged in the undercut of the recess, thus providing a positive fit between the formwork panel and the formwork panel adapter in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side.

[0009] A formwork element according to the invention solves the problem of the invention by arranging a connector between a formwork support and a formwork panel, which is designed to be reversibly connected and disconnected. The formwork panel and the formwork support can thus be connected and disconnected multiple times. "Reversible" in this context means that the connector is not destroyed during connection and disconnection. The connector is therefore essentially non-destructive. Of course, wear may occur with a higher number of connection and disconnection cycles, causing the quality of the connection provided by the connector to decrease over time. A formwork element according to the invention is designed to withstand at least 20 connection and disconnection cycles between the formwork panel and the formwork support without significant loss of quality.Reversible thus means that a connection using one and the same connector is possible several times in succession, and the connector retains its functionality for connecting the formwork panel and the formwork beam. The at least one connector of a formwork element according to the invention comprises two parts: a support element is part of the connector and is attached to or in the formwork beam. The counterpart to the support element is a formwork panel element, which is also part of the connector. The formwork panel element is attached to or in the formwork panel. Attachment to the formwork beam or the formwork panel means that the corresponding element projects at least partially beyond the formwork beam or the formwork panel. Attachment within the formwork beam or the formwork panel means that the corresponding element is arranged within the formwork panel or formwork beam and does not project beyond it.The connection between the formwork panel and the formwork beam is also reversible, thanks to at least one connector that allows for the reversible joining and separation of its two counterparts: the support element and the formwork panel. Typically, more than one connector is arranged between the formwork panel and the formwork beam. A stable connection between the formwork panel and the formwork beam is advantageously achieved by providing multiple connectors located at various points on both the formwork panel and the formwork beam. The connector, i.e., the connection between the support element and the formwork panel, can be separated by applying a normal force to the formwork panel, directed away from the formwork beam. The formwork panel has a concrete side that, when connected to the formwork beam, faces away from the beam and comes into contact with the concrete during the construction of a building component.A normal force, or a force normal to the formwork skin, is a force oriented perpendicular to the surface of the concrete side. In other words, the connector can be separated by applying a tensile force to the formwork skin, directed away from the formwork beam. However, for the beam element and the formwork skin element to separate, the applied normal force must be greater than a critical separation force. If the applied normal force is less than this critical separation force, the beam element cannot be separated from the formwork skin element, and the connector remains attached. The critical separation force is chosen to be small enough to allow the formwork skin to be separated from the formwork beam, for example, by one or two people. At the same time, the critical separation force is chosen so that the formwork skin does not unintentionally detach from the formwork beam.Normal forces also act on the formwork lining during the pouring and curing of the concrete. It is undesirable for these normal forces, generated during concreting, to loosen the connector. Therefore, the limiting force is selected such that the normal forces acting on the formwork lining during the construction of a building component are absorbed by the connector without it separating. The beam element, separated from the formwork lining, can be connected to the beam element by applying a normal force to the formwork lining, particularly towards the concrete side of the lining. However, to establish a connection between the formwork lining element and the beam element, the applied normal force must be greater than the limiting force. If the applied normal force is less than this limiting force, no connection between the formwork lining element and the beam element will occur.To connect the connector, a compressive force is applied to the formwork skin at right angles to its surface facing the concrete material. The limiting breaking force and the limiting joining force can be the same or different. According to the invention, at least part of the connector is designed to be detachable from the formwork skin or the formwork support. For this purpose, the formwork skin element has a formwork skin attachment area that is directly or indirectly connected to the formwork skin. This connection is designed to be detachable. This means that the formwork skin element can be separated from the formwork skin without damage. Thus, if wear has occurred after a certain number of connection cycles with the support element, the formwork skin element can be easily replaced. Alternatively or additionally, the support element can have a support attachment area that is connected to the formwork support.This connection between the support attachment area and the formwork support is also designed to be detachable, so that the support element can be easily removed from the formwork support and replaced with another support element. According to the invention, either only the formwork skin element can be detachable from the formwork skin, only the support element can be detachable from the formwork support, or both the formwork skin element and the support element can be detachable from the formwork support. A formwork element according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that the connection and separation between the formwork skin and the formwork support is very simple, achieved by applying a normal force to or from the formwork skin. In particular, no tool is required for connecting or separating the formwork skin and the formwork support. Connecting or separating the formwork skin and the formwork support can also be easily carried out by untrained personnel.The connection and separation of the formwork skin and formwork beam can be carried out much faster than with the known method where the two elements are joined by rivets. A further advantage of the sound-insulating element according to the invention is that the connection between the formwork skin and formwork beam can be made and separated multiple times in succession. It is therefore possible, for example, to use the same combination of formwork beam and formwork skin several times for the construction of different building sections. Furthermore, it is also possible to connect different sound-insulating skins with different formwork beams. The formwork skin and formwork beam can thus each be used multiple times, which reduces the effort and costs associated with providing materials on the construction site.A particularly advantageous feature of the invention is the ability, especially without damage, to detach at least a part of the connector, for example, of the formwork skin element or support element, from a part of the formwork element. If, after repeated use, a part of the connector becomes so worn that the connection function is no longer reliably fulfilled, a part of the connector can simply be replaced. The formwork skin and formwork support are thus not affected by the wear of the connector and can otherwise be used unchanged for repeatedly assembling formwork. It is possible to replace the formwork skin element and / or the support element either after a defined number of connection cycles or simply after visual inspection, thus ensuring a fast and reliable connection between the formwork skin and the formwork support in the long term.

[0010] In one embodiment, several formwork panels are arranged on a mounting side of the formwork panel, and several support elements are arranged on the side of the formwork beam facing the formwork panel. This results in multiple connectors, with the connectors being irregularly distributed across the formwork panel and formwork beam. In particular, a higher number of connectors per area are arranged in the edge region and / or at the corners than in the central region of the formwork panel and formwork beam. In this embodiment, several connectors are provided for connecting a formwork panel to a formwork beam. The formwork panel has a concrete side facing the concrete material during the construction of a building section. Opposite this concrete side is the mounting side of the formwork panel, which faces the formwork beam during connection.Several formwork panels are arranged on the assembly side of the formwork skin, while several support elements are arranged on the side of the formwork beam facing the formwork skin. In this embodiment, the connectors, each consisting of a formwork panel and a support element, are irregularly distributed across the formwork skin and formwork beam. Irregular here means that the distances between adjacent connectors are at least partially different. It has been found that during the erection of a building section, during the hardening of the concrete, or during the separation of the individual formwork panels from the hardened concrete, greater normal forces occur in the edge region of a formwork panel than in the central region, further from the edge. These normal forces should not lead to a separation of the connection between the formwork panel and the support element.The term "edge region" here refers to the area of ​​the formwork skin and formwork support that, viewed from a normal direction to the formwork skin, is arranged around the outer circumference of the formwork skin. This edge region can extend, for example, 1 to 30 cm, preferably 2 to 20 cm, measured from the outer edge of the formwork skin towards its center.

[0011] To counteract the higher normal forces acting on the formwork panel in the edge or corner area, which the connectors are designed to absorb without separation, the number of connectors per unit area is greater in the edge area than in the center between the formwork panel and formwork beam. Thus, the connector density is higher in the edge area than in the center. This ensures that the connectors do not separate unintentionally in the edge area of ​​the formwork panel and formwork beam, which is subject to higher normal forces. In the central area of ​​the formwork panel and formwork beam, the connector density is lower because there are fewer normal forces to be absorbed by the connected connectors.The reduced density of connectors in the middle area keeps the sum of the limit forces of all connectors low, so that if a separation of the formwork skin and formwork beam is desired, this separation can be carried out with an acceptable, summed limit separation force.

[0012] In an alternative embodiment, several formwork skin elements are arranged on the mounting side of the formwork skin and several support elements are arranged on the side of the formwork support facing the formwork skin, thus providing several connectors. These connectors have different breaking forces, with connectors with higher breaking forces located in the edge region and / or at the corners, and connectors with lower breaking forces located in the central region of the formwork skin and formwork support. In particular, the connectors are based on the same or different operating principles. In this embodiment as well, several connectors are arranged between the formwork skin and the formwork support. These connectors differ from one another, at least partially, in that they have different breaking forces.Such connectors with different limiting forces can either be of the same design but with different dimensions, or they can be of different designs and based on different operating principles. Various embodiments of designs and operating principles are described below. To compensate for the higher normal forces occurring in the edge region of the formwork skin and formwork beam, connectors with a higher limiting force are arranged in the edge region and / or at the corners. In contrast, connectors with lower limiting forces are placed in the central region of the formwork skin and formwork beam. The connectors can be arranged either at regular intervals or, alternatively, at irregular intervals.In this embodiment as well, the higher normal forces occurring in the edge region that need to be compensated during the erection of a building section are compensated by a higher density of limiting force. In the central region, connectors with lower limiting force are arranged in order to keep the total limiting force required for dismantling the formwork skin from the formwork support low.

[0013] Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one bonded connection, in particular an adhesive bond, is provided in the edge area and / or at the corners of the formwork panel and the formwork support. In this embodiment, in addition to providing one or more connectors between the formwork panel and the formwork support, a bonded connection is established. This bonded connection is located in the edge area, which is subjected to higher normal forces during the erection of a building section or during the removal of the formwork element from the erected building section. The bonded connection thus supports the connection between the formwork panel and the formwork support provided by the connector(s). When the formwork panel and the formwork support are separated, the bonded connection is destroyed. However, this destruction of a bonded connection results in no or only very minimal wear on the formwork panel and the formwork support.

[0014] In an alternative embodiment, the support element is formed by a portion of the formwork beam, in particular by a recess in the formwork beam. In this embodiment, a portion or even an entire element of the formwork beam serves as the support element of the connector. The support element is provided directly by the formwork beam. Specifically, the support element is a recess or bore formed in the formwork beam. This recess can be located within the frame of the formwork beam or in a support plate connected to the frame, which is described below. For reversible connection, the formwork skin element is simply inserted into such a recess in the formwork beam. The recess in the formwork beam is thus part of the connector as the support element.This embodiment is advantageous because it eliminates the need for a separate support element that must be connected to the formwork support. This makes it particularly easy to manufacture and therefore cost-effective.

[0015] The invention provides that the formwork panel adapter is positively connected to the formwork panel. In this embodiment, the formwork panel adapter is connected to the formwork panel via a positive locking mechanism. This means that the formwork panel adapter and the formwork panel are shaped such that partial areas of both elements interlock, thus creating a firm connection between them. This positive locking mechanism is designed to act at least in the normal direction to the formwork panel surface. As a result, the positive locking mechanism prevents the formwork panel adapter and the formwork panel from separating when a normal force is applied to the formwork panel. The positive locking mechanism thus counteracts separation of the formwork panel and the formwork panel adapter when tensile and compressive forces are applied to the formwork panel in the normal direction.

[0016] Preferably, the formwork adapter and the formwork skin are designed so that they both have approximately the same service life. The formwork adapter thus remains attached to or embedded in the formwork skin for the entire service life of the formwork skin. To guarantee such a long service life, which can be several years, a long-term stable, form-fitting connection between the formwork adapter and the formwork skin is optimal.

[0017] According to the invention, the formwork panel has a concrete side which, when the formwork element is used, faces the building component to be constructed, and the formwork panel has a mounting side opposite the concrete side, which faces the formwork support. The formwork panel element and the formwork panel adapter are arranged on or in the mounting side. The formwork panel adapter can be inserted into the formwork panel on the mounting side by a movement parallel to the mounting side of the formwork panel, and in the inserted state, there is a positive fit between the formwork panel and the formwork panel adapter in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side. In this embodiment, the formwork panel adapter and the formwork panel element are arranged on or in the mounting side of the formwork panel facing away from the concrete side.The positive fit between the formwork panel adapter and the formwork panel is designed such that it can be achieved by a sliding movement of the adapter relative to the panel. This sliding movement is parallel to the surface of the formwork panel or parallel to the mounting side. The sliding movement is therefore perpendicular to the direction of action of the positive fit. This embodiment has the advantage that the formwork panel adapter can be easily connected to the formwork panel. Such a simple connection method is particularly advantageous in series production, as it enables short cycle times for manufacturing a formwork panel with multiple adapters integrated into it. In this embodiment, the positive fit can, for example, be achieved by a dovetail-type positive-locking connection.

[0018] According to the invention, the formwork skin, viewed from the side and perpendicular to the mounting side, has a recess with an undercut, and the formwork skin adapter is inserted into the recess, with a portion of the formwork skin adapter positioned within the undercut of the recess, thus providing a positive fit between the formwork skin and the formwork skin adapter in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side. In this embodiment, a recess is provided in the formwork skin, which, viewed from the top of the formwork skin's edge, has an undercut. The formwork skin adapter additionally has a shape that can be partially inserted into this undercut. For example, a dovetail-shaped recess can be provided, in particular milled, into the formwork skin from the side edge, each of which has an undercut in its edge regions.The edge areas of the formwork skin adapter are shaped accordingly as a geometric negative form to the dovetail-shaped recess and can thus be inserted into the recess with minimal play.

[0019] In an alternative embodiment, not according to the invention, the formwork skin has a recess in a top view of the mounting side, with boundary walls extending perpendicular to the mounting side, and the formwork skin adapter is pressed into the recess in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side, wherein at least a portion of the formwork skin adapter is arranged in the recess, thus providing a force-fit connection between the formwork skin and the formwork skin adapter in a plane parallel to the mounting side. In this embodiment, the formwork skin adapter and the formwork skin are force-fitted via a press connection, which is achieved by a pressing movement in a direction perpendicular to the surface or the mounting side of the formwork skin. In this embodiment, a recess is provided in the formwork skin that does not completely penetrate the formwork skin in its thickness direction.This recess is bounded by walls running perpendicular to the mounting side, thus eliminating any undercut. The formwork panel adapter has a corresponding negative mold, but its outer diameter is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the recess. This excess creates a positive-locking press fit when the adapter is pressed into the formwork panel, securing the adapter relative to the panel. Supporting ribs or knobs can be provided on the outer circumference of the adapter to facilitate insertion into the recess. This design has the advantage of eliminating the need to create an undercut in the recess of the formwork panel. Of course, securing the adapter relative to the panel can also be achieved through a combination of positive locking and force transmission.For example, the previously described positive-locking connection, in which the formwork panel adapter is inserted into a recess via a sliding motion, can be further enhanced with a slight interference fit. This means that the sliding motion can only be carried out by overcoming resistance, thus creating an additional frictional connection. This combination ensures that the formwork panel adapter is securely fixed in the sliding direction and is not accidentally pulled out of the formwork panel by an opposing sliding motion. Furthermore, the formwork panel adapter can be connected to the formwork panel using additional fasteners, such as screws or nails.

[0020] In a further embodiment, the formwork panel adapter is arranged either directly adjacent to the edge of the formwork panel or at a distance from the edge, viewed from a direction perpendicular to the mounting side. In this embodiment, the formwork panel adapter can be arranged in different positions relative to the edge of the formwork panel, viewed from a direction perpendicular to the formwork panel surface or mounting side. For the previously described embodiment, in which the formwork panel has a recess with an undercut and the formwork panel adapter is connected to this recess by a sliding motion, an arrangement directly adjacent to the edge of the formwork panel is advantageous, as this allows the formwork panel adapter to be inserted easily. However, this positive-locking connection can also be provided at a distance from the edge of the formwork panel.In this case, an insertion area is created in the surface of the formwork panel, through which the undercut in the recess can be produced. This is achieved, for example, by inserting a suitable form cutter into the insertion area and then using it to create the undercut. The formwork panel adapter can then be inserted through this insertion area and pushed into the recess with the undercut. Alternatively, if the formwork panel adapter is positioned away from the edge of the formwork panel, a connection method can be chosen in which the formwork panel adapter is pressed into a recess without an undercut from the mounting side using a press-fit connection. Of course, it is also possible to provide several formwork panel adapters on one formwork panel, some of which, for example, are directly adjacent to the edge of the formwork panel and some of which are positioned away from the edge.These multiple formwork skin adapters can also be designed differently and, in particular, can be dimensioned differently in order to accommodate formwork skin elements with different load-bearing capacities.

[0021] Furthermore, the formwork panel adapter is designed to have a recess with an undercut into which the formwork panel element can be reversibly inserted. This reversible connection between the formwork panel element and the adapter is formed, at least partially, by a positive fit of a portion of the formwork panel element with the undercut of the recess in the adapter. In this embodiment, the connection between the formwork panel element and the adapter is positive-locking. This positive fit is designed to prevent separation of the formwork panel element and adapter when a force perpendicular to the mounting side is applied. For this purpose, a recess with an undercut is provided in the adapter. When the positive-locking connection is established, a portion of the formwork panel element engages in this undercut.Alternatively, the undercut can also be located on the formwork panel, with a portion of the formwork adapter engaging positively into this undercut. Different actions relative to the formwork panel and adapter can be used to create this positive connection. Such a positive connection between the formwork panel and adapter has the advantage that the formwork panel can be easily separated from the adapter and thus replaced. This type of positive connection can be easily created and separated by hand without requiring significant force or torque. Replacing even a large number of formwork panels is therefore quick and easy.

[0022] Advantageously, the formwork panel and adapter can be engaged and disengaged by a linear movement of the formwork panel relative to the adapter in a direction parallel to the mounting side. In this embodiment, the formwork panel can be connected to and detached from the adapter by a sliding motion. For example, a portion of the formwork panel can be inserted into an undercut in the adapter to create a formwork connection. The shape of the undercut and the corresponding negatively shaped portion of the formwork panel is not particularly limited. For example, the undercut and the protruding portion of the formwork panel can have a dovetail shape.

[0023] In an alternative embodiment, the positive fit between the formwork skin element and the formwork skin adapter can be established and released by rotating the formwork skin element relative to the formwork skin adapter around an axis of rotation oriented perpendicular to the mounting side. In this embodiment, the positive fit is established and released by twisting the formwork skin element relative to the formwork skin adapter. This rotational movement brings a portion of the formwork skin element into positive engagement with an undercut in the formwork skin adapter during assembly. This principle is similar to the operating principle of a bayonet fitting. Performing such a rotational movement for disassembling and assembling a formwork skin element in the formwork skin adapter is also simple and can be done manually, thus making the replacement of a formwork skin element particularly easy.It is also possible to arrange several formwork panel adapters and formwork panel elements on a single formwork panel, whereby some of the connections between the formwork panel adapter and the formwork panel element can be established and released by a linear movement, and others by a rotary movement. It is particularly advantageous to provide a linear movement for formwork panel adapters located at the edge of the formwork panel and a rotary movement for formwork panel adapters located inside, at a distance from the edge of the formwork panel, to create the positive fit with the formwork panel element.

[0024] Furthermore, the formwork skin is designed to be plate-shaped and has a concrete side which, when the formwork element is used, faces the building section to be constructed. The formwork skin also has a mounting side opposite the concrete side, facing the formwork support, with the formwork skin element being arranged on or in the mounting side. In this embodiment, the formwork skin is plate-shaped and has two large main surfaces, which are large in relation to the surrounding edge area. Such a plate-shaped formwork skin can, for example, be formed by a plywood panel. One of these large main surfaces is the concrete side, which faces the concrete material during formwork operation and is usually coated. Opposite this concrete side is the mounting side, on or in which the formwork element is positioned.Typically, the concrete side and the mounting side are aligned parallel to each other.

[0025] Cleverly, the formwork skin is designed to be multi-layered. In this embodiment, the formwork skin has several layers. These layers can be made of the same material, for example, a wood-based material. Alternatively, layers made of different materials can also be used.

[0026] According to the invention, the formwork support has a frame, and the support element is arranged on or within the frame on the side facing the formwork skin. In this embodiment, the formwork support has a frame that, for example, surrounds the formwork support at its outer edge. The frame may also include bracing. Advantageously, the frame is constructed of a lightweight metal material, such as metal tubes. The support element is arranged on the side of the frame facing the formwork skin.

[0027] The reversible connection between the support element and the formwork panel is designed to absorb forces in the normal direction to the concrete side that are less than the ultimate breaking force. The connector is designed to absorb tensile and compressive forces acting between the formwork panel and the formwork support that are less than the ultimate breaking force. This ensures that the formwork panel and formwork support remain securely connected during the construction of a building component and do not separate unintentionally.

[0028] Furthermore, the reversible connection between the support element and the formwork panel is designed to absorb shear forces acting perpendicular to the normal to the concrete side. The connector is designed to also absorb forces acting between the formwork panel and the support beam that are oriented in a direction other than the normal to the formwork panel. These are, in particular, transverse or shear forces acting at right angles to the normal.

[0029] Cleverly, the reversible connection between the support element and the formwork panel is designed to be either force-fit and / or form-fit. Force-fit connectors are particularly advantageous for a reversible connection between the formwork panel and the support element, as a force-fit connection can be easily established and separated in the direction normal to the formwork panel. However, form-fit connectors are also suitable for transmitting larger forces. Connectors that function as both force-fit and form-fit connectors can also be provided.

[0030] In an advantageous embodiment, the support element and / or the formwork skin element are provided with elastically deformable areas. In this embodiment, the support element and / or the formwork skin element are at least partially elastically resilient. Such a design enables the creation of a connector that acts both positively and force-fit. Elastically deformable areas can be arranged either on the formwork skin element, on the support element, or on both of these elements.

[0031] In one embodiment, the formwork skin element comprises a shaft and a connecting head, wherein one end of the shaft of the formwork skin element is connected to the formwork skin, and the connecting head is connected to the end of the shaft opposite the formwork skin. In this embodiment, the formwork skin element has a connecting head designed to engage with the support element. This engagement can be positive-locking, friction-locking, or a combination of these two principles. Adjacent to the connecting head is a shaft, which is, for example, rod-shaped. One end of this shaft is connected to the connecting head, and the opposite end of the shaft is connected to the formwork skin.

[0032] Advantageously, the connecting head is provided to have at least one bending area that is elastically deformable relative to the shaft. In this embodiment, the connecting head of the formwork skin element has at least one elastically deformable area, a bending area. This bending area is designed to be elastically deformable relative to the shaft. The bending area is thus also movable relative to the shaft and the formwork skin.

[0033] Furthermore, the bending area is provided to have at least one insertion surface and at least one separation surface, wherein the insertion surface rests at least partially against the support element when the formwork skin element is connected to the support element, and the separation surface rests at least partially against the support element when the connection between the formwork skin element and the support element is separated. In this embodiment, the elastic bending area has at least one insertion surface and at least one separation surface. These two surfaces are designed to come into operative contact with the support element during the connection and separation of the formwork skin element and the support element. To establish the connection, at least a portion of the insertion surface of the formwork skin element rests against the support element. If a force is applied to the formwork skin element in this state in a direction normal to the formwork skin, the insertion surface is pressed against the support element.This compressive force on the insertion surface initiates elastic deformation of the bending area, which in turn causes the formwork panel to be compressed radially. This facilitates insertion into the support element. If a connector is to be separated by pulling the formwork panel out of the support element, the separation surface of the formwork panel is at least partially in contact with the support element. Applying a tensile force perpendicular to the formwork panel thus creates a compressive force on the separation surface, which again leads to radial, elastic deformation of the bending area. In this radially compressed state, the formwork panel can then be more easily pulled out of the support element.

[0034] It is cleverly designed that the insertion surface and the separation surface are arranged at an angle, particularly at different angles to each other, to the central axis of the shaft. The central axis of the shaft of the formwork panel element is oriented perpendicular to the concrete side of the formwork panel. The formwork panel element projects beyond the formwork panel on the assembly side in the direction of the shaft's central axis. Advantageously, the insertion surface and the separation surface are aligned at an angle to the shaft's central axis. When connecting and disconnecting the formwork panel element and the support element, the two elements are moved relative to each other along the shaft's central axis. The insertion surface and the separation surface are thus oriented at an angle to the direction of movement during the connection and disconnection of the connector. In the previously described arrangement between the insertion surface and the support element, respectively...The parting surface and support element act as ramps or inclined planes, translating a force applied in the direction of movement into a force acting radially on the bending area. Thus, when a force normal to the formwork skin is applied to the formwork element, the insertion surface and parting surface cause the bending area to deform elastically in the radial direction, facilitating the connection or separation of the connector. The translation ratio between the axially applied force and the radially acting deformation force can be adjusted by the angle at which the insertion surface and parting surface are oriented to the central axis of the shaft and therefore to the direction of movement. The radial force that leads to elastic deformation of the bending area is directly related to the limiting separation force and the limiting connection force of the connector.By adjusting the angles of the insertion surface and the separation surface relative to the central axis of the shaft differently, the magnitude of the limiting separation force can be adjusted differently from the magnitude of the limiting joining force of the connector.

[0035] In an advantageous embodiment, two or more bending zones are provided, arranged regularly relative to each other with respect to the central axis of the shaft, and a cavity is located between the bending zones. In this embodiment, several bending zones are provided, which, for example, are opposite each other with respect to the central axis of the shaft. This results in a symmetrical structure and / or symmetrical radial deformation behavior of the formwork skin element. Such symmetrical behavior is advantageous when joining with the support element, since no transverse forces occur during the connection due to the symmetrical structure, and the formwork skin element and support element can thus be inserted and connected without interference. Advantageously, a cavity is provided between the bending zones, which accommodates the bending elements in their elastically deformed state.The cavity can be designed so that the bending areas do not touch each other at any stage of deformation. Alternatively, the cavity can be dimensioned so that the bending areas touch each other after a certain elastic deformation, thus preventing any further elastic deformation.

[0036] In an advantageous embodiment, the support element is rigid and has a cavity that essentially corresponds to the shape and size of the connecting head. The support element also has a plug-in recess that connects an outer surface of the support element to the cavity, with the inner diameter of the plug-in recess being smaller than the largest inner diameter of the cavity. In this embodiment, the support element is rigid, unlike the previously described embodiments of a formwork skin element. The support element includes a cavity that, when the connector is connected, is designed to receive the connecting head of the formwork skin element. The shape and size of the cavity essentially correspond to the connecting head. The cavity can, for example, be designed as a negative mold of the shape of the connecting head.The cavity is located within the support element and is accessible from outside the support element via a plug-in recess. The clear width or inner diameter of the plug-in recess is smaller than the largest inner diameter of the cavity. Thus, the cavity has an undercut relative to the plug-in recess, which can be used for a positive-locking connection between the formwork panel and the support element. For such a positive-locking connection, the connecting head of the formwork panel extends beyond its shank. This protruding area, in combination with the undercut of the cavity relative to the plug-in recess, can form a positive-locking connection. In a simple embodiment, the plug-in recess has a circular cross-section. The plug-in recess also includes a central axis, which is advantageously aligned coaxially with the central axis of the cavity.When the connection between the formwork element and the support element is established, the central axis of the insertion recess and the central axis of the shaft are congruent.

[0037] Furthermore, it is provided that the plug recess has at least one socket insertion surface on its side facing the outer surface of the support element and at least one socket separation surface on its side facing the cavity, wherein the socket insertion surface and the socket separation surface are arranged at an angle, in particular at different angles to each other, to the central axis of the plug recess. In this embodiment, the support element, analogous to the previously described formwork skin element with connecting head and shaft, has two functional surfaces which are provided for contact with the formwork skin element: A socket insertion surface is provided on the side of the plug recess that intersects an outer surface of the support element. Correspondingly, a socket separation surface is provided on the side of the plug recess that opens into the cavity. The socket insertion surface and the socket separation surface are oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the plug recess.When connecting the formwork skin element to the support element, the bushing insertion surface first makes contact with the formwork skin element. Due to the angled arrangement of the bushing insertion surface, the formwork skin element, pressed along the central axis of the insertion recess, is compressed radially, thus facilitating insertion into the support element. Conversely, when disconnecting the formwork skin element from the support element, the bushing separation surface, when moved or forced along the central axis of the insertion recess, compresses the formwork skin element radially, thus facilitating its removal from the support element. The limiting connection force and the limiting separation force can be adjusted by changing the angles at which the bushing insertion surface and the bushing separation surface are oriented relative to the central axis of the insertion recess.The angles of the socket insertion surface and the socket separation surface can be the same size or different sizes relative to the central axis of the plug recess.

[0038] In the previously described embodiments, the formwork skin element was described as having a connecting head and shaft, the connecting head having elastically deformable bending areas. The support element was described as rigid, with a cavity for receiving the connecting head. Naturally, these configurations can also be reversed, with a rigid element with a cavity on the formwork skin side and a support element with a partially elastically deformable connecting head on the formwork support side. All previously described functionalities and advantages also apply to the functional and / or form reversal between the formwork skin and the formwork support. Furthermore, it is of course also possible to equip one element with a rigidly designed connecting head and shaft, and the opposing element with elastic bending areas and a cavity.It is also possible to arrange elastically deformable areas on the side of the connection where a cavity is present. Finally, elastically deformable bending areas can also be arranged on both sides of the connection or connector, namely on the formwork skin element and on the support element.

[0039] Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the formwork skin attachment area includes an external thread which is connected to an internal thread arranged in the formwork skin. In this embodiment, the formwork skin element can be detached from the formwork skin in a particularly simple manner via a threaded connection. Alternatively, instead of such a threaded connection, an interference fit, an adhesive bond, a snap-fit ​​connection, or another type of connection can be provided.

[0040] In a further embodiment, the support attachment area includes an external thread which is connected to an internal thread located in the formwork support. In this embodiment, analogous to the previously described embodiment, the support element is connected to the formwork support via a threaded connection. This makes it particularly easy to detach the support element from the formwork support. Alternative connections, such as an interference fit, can also be used for this connection.

[0041] It can be provided that the support element has a mounting area connected to the formwork support, and that the connection between the support element and the formwork support is detachable. In this embodiment, a mounting area is provided on the support element through which the connection to the formwork support is established. This mounting area is designed so that it can be connected to and detached from the formwork support without causing damage. In this way, the support element can be replaced easily and quickly.

[0042] According to the invention, a formwork panel adapter is arranged between the formwork panel element and the formwork panel. In this embodiment, a further component is provided between the formwork panel element and the formwork panel and / or between the support element and the formwork support, which further facilitates the loosening and connecting of the connecting elements to the formwork panel and the formwork support. A formwork panel adapter can, for example, be designed as an annular component with a self-tapping thread on its outer circumference, with which the formwork panel adapter can be firmly connected to the formwork panel, which is typically made of a wood-based material. The annular formwork panel adapter also has an internal thread on its inner circumference, which is provided for the detachable connection to the formwork panel element.When replacing a formwork panel, the formwork panel adapter remains connected to the formwork panel; only the panel being replaced is detached from the panel or the adapter. A new panel can then be easily connected to the adapter. Similarly, a support adapter serves as an interface for connecting the formwork beam to the support element. For example, a support adapter can also be ring-shaped and welded to the formwork beam frame at its outer circumference or end face. Such a support adapter can also have an internal thread on its inner circumference for connection to the support element. Of course, both formwork panel adapters and support adapters can also be connected to the formwork panel or formwork beam in alternative ways, such as by bolted connections, press fits, or similar methods.

[0043] In one embodiment, the support element is rigid and has a gripping area that essentially corresponds to the shape and size of a bending recess in the connecting head adjacent to a bending area, with the gripping area projecting beyond adjacent areas of the support element. In this embodiment, a rigid support element, meaning one that is not deformable under normal stress, is provided. A projecting gripping area is arranged on this support element, which can be, for example, cylindrical, barrel-shaped, or bulbous. This gripping area is designed to be at least partially engaged by the connecting head of the formwork panel element during the connection of the connector. During the production of this connection, the gripping area penetrates a bending recess in the connecting head.The bending recess is located adjacent to at least one bending section of the connector head. If multiple bending sections are present on the connector head, the bending recess is positioned between these bending sections. During connection, the gripping section penetrates the bending recess and elastically bends the bending section outwards, so that it encompasses the gripping section. The shape and size of the bending recess essentially correspond to the shape and size of the gripping section. This means that when connected to the gripping section, i.e., when the bending sections are elastically deformed, the bending recess corresponds to the shape of the gripping section. When not connected, the volume of the bending recess is smaller than the volume of the gripping section because the bending sections are not elastically deformed outwards.To create the connection, the bending areas are elastically deformed radially away from the central axis of the formwork panel, thereby generating a radial inward restoring force. This establishes both a frictional and a positive connection between the two areas. The connection is designed so that it can be reversibly released by applying a normal force perpendicular to the surface of the formwork panel. A limiting connection force must be applied to create the connection between the gripping area and the bending recess; a limiting separation force must be applied to break this connection.

[0044] Furthermore, it is provided that the support element has a bending area receptacle adjacent to the gripping area, which at least partially surrounds the gripping area and, when connected to the connector, at least partially accommodates the bending area of ​​the formwork panel. In this embodiment, the gripping area of ​​the support element is surrounded by a bending area receptacle which, when connected to the formwork panel, accommodates at least a portion of the bending area. In this way, the bending area, which is elastically deformed during the connection, is contained within the support element and thus protected against environmental influences and contamination. The internal dimensions of the bending area receptacle are larger than the external dimensions of the bending area in its deformed state.

[0045] In a further embodiment, the support element has a guide area on the side of the bending area recess facing away from the gripping area. This guide area at least partially surrounds and delimits the bending area recess, and provides an outer surface of the support element pointing away from the gripping element. This outer surface serves as a guide surface for the support element in relation to the formwork support. In this embodiment, the bending area recess is delimited on its side facing away from the gripping area by a guide area. This guide area forms both a boundary of the bending area recess and an outer boundary of the support element. An outer surface is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the guide area, which also forms an outer circumferential surface of the support element. This outer surface is preferably oriented substantially parallel to the central axis of the gripping area.When the support element is mounted on the formwork beam, this outer surface serves as a guide surface for the support element relative to the formwork beam. The support element is positioned either directly on the frame of the formwork beam or on or within an additional support plate that is in contact with the frame. Accordingly, the outer surface of the guide area is adjacent to either the frame or a support plate of the formwork beam.

[0046] Furthermore, the support element comprises a base area that is at least partially planar and oriented essentially perpendicular to the central axis of the gripping area. This base area rests flat on a support plate or the frame of the formwork beam. In this embodiment, the support element includes a base area that serves as the contact surface of the support element on the formwork beam. Simultaneously, the base area connects the gripping area and the guide area and defines the bending area. The base area has a surface oriented away from the gripping element that is at least partially planar. This surface rests against the formwork beam when the support element is connected to it. Preferably, the surface is planar over a large area to achieve a large contact area between the support element and the formwork beam.

[0047] Optionally, the support element may have a fastening area that is at least partially located within the gripping area. This fastening area is designed for attaching the support element to the frame or a support plate, and in particular, it includes at least one recess that completely penetrates the support element in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side. In this embodiment, the support element includes at least one fastening area that is at least partially located within the gripping area. For example, the fastening area can be located within and concentric to the gripping area when viewed from a top view of the mounting side. The fastening area is designed to fasten the support element to the formwork support or a support plate. The fastening area may include a recess, which can be, for example, a simple cylindrical bore.This recess allows a fastener, such as a screw, to be inserted through the support element, enabling the support element to be attached to the underlying formwork beam using the fastener. The fastening area may also include a cavity designed to accommodate the head of a fastener, such as a screw, within the gripping area. In addition to the fastening area, a further connection area may be provided, particularly on the outer circumference of the guide area, which can also be used to connect the support element to the formwork beam. Such a connection area may, for example, have a contact surface that is pressed into a recess in the formwork beam, thereby creating a positive connection between the support element and the formwork beam.Naturally, the support element can also have multiple fastening areas and / or multiple connection areas.

[0048] Furthermore, it is provided that the support element is inserted into a recess in a support plate, with the base of the support element resting flat on a boundary surface of the recess in the support plate, and the support element together with the support plate being fastened to the frame of the formwork beam by a fastening element, wherein the fastening element is guided through the fastening area or is part of the fastening area. In this embodiment, the support element together with a support plate is fastened to the frame of the formwork beam. The support element serves as an auxiliary element for fastening the support plate to the frame. For this purpose, the support element rests flat on the guide plate with its base. The support element is connected to the frame by a fastening element, for example a screw, and tensioned against it.The support plate is clamped between the support element and the frame, thus securing it with a force-fit connection. Due to the large contact area between the base of the support element and the support plate, the latter is subjected to only minimal stress. Furthermore, forces applied to the support plate are transferred to the frame with minimal stress due to the large contact area. In this embodiment, the support element fulfills a dual function. Firstly, it is part of a connector, and secondly, it acts as a washer, increasing the contact area between a fastening element and a support plate. This combination of functions makes the formwork element in this embodiment particularly robust and, at the same time, simple in design. Preferably, a recess is incorporated into the support plate in this embodiment, which essentially corresponds to the shape and size of the support element.This recess is designed so that it does not completely penetrate the carrier plate, leaving a portion of the carrier plate intact. The support element is preferably positioned within this recess so that it does not protrude beyond the carrier plate. This ensures that the support element is protected within the carrier plate.

[0049] In a favorable embodiment, the gripping area and the bending area receptacle have a circular shape in a top view of the support element from a direction perpendicular to the mounting side and are positioned concentrically to each other, particularly in that the guide area and / or the fastening area are also positioned concentrically to the gripping area and the bending area receptacle. In this embodiment, the support element is circular in a top view of the mounting side. Furthermore, at least the gripping area and the annular bending area receptacle are arranged concentrically to each other, with the bending area receptacle completely surrounding the gripping area. Additionally, the guide area can also be arranged concentrically to the other two areas, with the guide area being located outside the bending area receptacle and completely surrounding it.Furthermore, the fastening area can also be arranged concentrically to the other areas, preferably at the center of the gripping area, thus forming the innermost region. This concentric arrangement has the advantage that the support element is symmetrical in the circumferential direction and can therefore be equally well joined and connected to the formwork panel from all directions parallel to the mounting side. Thus, in this embodiment, the positioning of the support element relative to the formwork support in the direction of rotation about an imaginary axis perpendicular to the mounting side is irrelevant. This also simplifies the assembly of the formwork support and the support element.

[0050] In a further embodiment, the formwork beam comprises at least one support plate connected to the frame. The support plate is designed for connection to the formwork skin, and at least one support element of at least one connector is arranged on or in the support plate. In this embodiment, the formwork beam includes a support plate in addition to the frame. The support plate, like the frame, is designed for connection to the formwork skin. The support plate increases the surface area of ​​the formwork beam facing the formwork skin. Advantageously, at least one connector, namely the support element of at least one connector, is arranged on or in the support plate. In addition to the frame, the support plate provides surface area on which connectors can be arranged for connection to the formwork skin. The support plate can be made of a wood-based material, a plastic, or even metal, for example, sheet metal.

[0051] In an advantageous embodiment, the support plate is designed to be detachable from the frame and thus interchangeable. The support plate can be easily connected to and detached from the frame. This makes it possible to equip a frame with differently designed support plates. For example, different support plates with varying numbers of attached support elements can be kept in stock, and on the construction site, the support plate currently required for the building section being constructed is then connected to a formwork beam frame. Such a detachable connection between the support plate and frame can be achieved, for example, using screw connections. The surface of the support plate facing the formwork skin can extend parallel to the assembly side or the concrete side of the formwork skin.

[0052] Optionally, the support element is connected to the frame or support plate of the formwork beam via a press fit. In this embodiment, the support element is pressed into the frame or support plate of the formwork beam. This creates a force-fit connection between the support element and the formwork beam. Preferably, this press fit is made between an outer circumferential surface of the support element, which forms a connection area, and an inner circumferential surface of a recess in the formwork beam. In addition to the press fit, the support element can also be connected to the formwork beam by one or more fasteners, such as screws, rivets, or similar components.

[0053] Cleverly, the surface of the frame facing the formwork skin is designed to be flush with the surface of the support plate facing the formwork skin. In this embodiment, the support plate is inserted into the frame, which surrounds the support plate. To achieve a flat and defined contact between the formwork skin and the formwork support, the surface of the frame and the surface of the support plate are flush on the side of the formwork support facing the formwork skin. One or more support elements are arranged on or in the frame as well as on or in the support plate. In this embodiment, the formwork skin is connected to the formwork support by connectors located both in the support plate and in the frame.

[0054] In one embodiment, the formwork skin element comprises a shaft and a connecting head. The formwork skin element is connected to the formwork skin at one end of the shaft, and the connecting head is connected to the end of the shaft opposite the formwork skin. The outer diameter of the connecting head is larger than the outer diameter of the shaft, and thus the connecting head projects beyond the shaft. In this embodiment, the connecting head projects beyond the shaft, creating a shoulder on the formwork skin element that can be used for a positive-locking connection with the support element. The shaft corresponds to the formwork skin attachment area, as the connection between the formwork skin element and the formwork skin is made via the formwork skin adapter and the shaft as interfaces. Alternatively, the outer diameter of the shaft, relative to the central axis of the formwork skin element, can also be larger than the outer diameter of the connecting head.

[0055] In a further embodiment, the support element has a cavity whose inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting head, and the support element has at least one locking element which is at least partially arranged in the support element and is movable relative to the cavity. In a locked position, the locking element engages in the cavity and reduces its clear opening. In this embodiment, the formwork skin element and the support element can be connected to each other by a positive locking connection, either as an alternative or in addition to a force-fit connection. For this purpose, at least one movable locking element is provided on the support element, which can be moved relative to the formwork skin element when the formwork skin element and support element are connected.In the locked position of the connector, the locking element is designed to engage in an undercut of the formwork panel, creating a positive-locking connection. The support element has a cavity dimensioned to accommodate the connecting head of the formwork panel when the locking element is open. The locking element is movable relative to this cavity. When transitioning to the locked position, the locking element is moved at least partially into the cavity, thereby reducing its clear width. To release the locking position, the locking element is moved back out of the cavity. The locking element can also be arranged on or in a plug-in recess that connects an outer surface of the support element to the cavity. Several locking elements, movable relative to the cavity, can be provided.In this embodiment, the connecting head of the formwork skin element can be rigid. Alternatively, however, the connecting head can also have at least one elastically deformable bending area which, when connecting the formwork skin element to the support element, interacts forcefully with the support element.

[0056] Advantageously, the support element is provided with a locking mechanism that moves the locking element relative to the cavity, wherein the locking mechanism can be actuated by a translational and / or rotational movement. In this embodiment, a locking mechanism is provided that serves to actuate the at least one locking element. This locking mechanism translates a movement generated and introduced from outside the support element into a movement of the locking element. Since the locking and unlocking of the locking element should be quick and easy, the locking mechanism is designed in particular so that it can be actuated by a simple translational or rotational movement. A combination of these two types of movement is also conceivable.The movement to actuate the locking mechanism is applied by a person who connects or separates the formwork skin and the formwork support.

[0057] Furthermore, it is provided that the locking mechanism is accessible from a side of the formwork support facing away from the formwork skin, in particular, the locking mechanism is accessible from the surface of the formwork support opposite the formwork skin or from a surface of the formwork support oriented perpendicular to the formwork skin. In this embodiment, a locking mechanism is provided that is accessible from the side of the formwork skin facing away from the concrete side and is also actuated from this side. After the concrete material has been poured into the formwork, the concrete side is no longer accessible. By arranging the locking mechanism on the side of the formwork skin facing away from the building section to be erected, it is possible to separate the formwork skin from the formwork support while the formwork is in place. Thus, when stripping the formwork, the formwork support can first be removed and then the formwork skin can be removed from the erected building section.The elements of the locking mechanism that are actuated to move the locking element can be arranged on the side of the formwork beam facing away from the formwork skin. Alternatively, particularly when the beam element is arranged on a frame of the formwork beam, these elements required for actuating the locking mechanism can also be arranged on a side surface of the frame that is perpendicular or at another angle to the mounting side of the formwork skin.

[0058] Naturally, it is also possible, as an alternative to the previously described embodiments in which at least one locking element is arranged on the support element of the connector, to arrange at least one locking element on the formwork skin element. For the previously described embodiments of a connector that operate at least partially with positive locking, the shapes and functions previously described for the support element can, of course, also be used or applied to the formwork skin element. The same applies in the reverse direction: features, shapes, and functions described for the formwork skin element can also be used for the support element.

[0059] In one embodiment, the support element has a shaft and a connecting head, and the formwork skin element has an at least partially undercut cavity. The formwork skin element is rotatably and axially fixedly arranged in the formwork skin, wherein the cavity can be positively engaged with the connecting head. This positive engagement can be established and released by a rotational movement of the formwork skin element. The formwork skin element is accessible from the concrete side of the formwork skin, and a key area for applying torque to the formwork skin element is provided on the formwork skin element. In particular, the formwork skin element is covered on the concrete side by a cover. In this embodiment, a connector that acts at least partially positively is accessible and actuated from the concrete side of the formwork skin.In some applications during the construction of building components, the side of the formwork beam facing away from the formwork skin is inaccessible. In this case, any locking mechanisms that may be present on this side of the formwork beam are also inaccessible. Therefore, it is necessary to enable the actuation of a positive-locking connector from the opposite side, namely from the side facing the formwork skin. One solution for this application is to mount the formwork skin element rotatably but axially fixed within the formwork skin. This rotatably mounted formwork skin element interacts positively with a support element located on the formwork beam. For this purpose, the support element has a connecting head protruding from a shaft, which can be selectively enclosed by a partially undercut cavity located on the formwork skin element.The support element and the partially undercut, rotatably mounted cavity of the formwork panel can be inserted into one another in a radial position of the formwork panel. After insertion, when the formwork panel is rotated, the partially undercut cavity engages with the connecting head of the support element. This creates a positive fit between the two elements. In this embodiment, the described rotational movement of the formwork panel is initiated into the panel from the concrete side. A locking mechanism pointing towards the concrete side is provided for this purpose. This locking mechanism can, for example, have a key section that is accessible and operable from the concrete side.To connect and disconnect the formwork panel and support element, the key area facing the concrete side can be operated by one person either manually or with a simple tool. To ensure a smooth surface on the building component being erected, access to the formwork panel from the concrete side of the formwork, and in particular access to the key area, is covered with an easily removable cover. During the construction of the building component, the cover closes the access to the formwork panel, resulting in a smooth surface. To disconnect the formwork panel from the support beam, the cover is then removed, and the key area is accessible. The cover can be, for example, a plastic or rubber cap that is flush with the concrete side.

[0060] In an alternative embodiment, several formwork skin elements are arranged on the mounting side of the formwork skin, and several support elements are arranged on the side of the formwork support facing the formwork skin, thus providing multiple connectors, with the connectors being evenly distributed across the formwork skin and the formwork support. In this embodiment, several connectors are arranged between the formwork skin and the formwork support. These connectors are spaced at a constant distance from each other and are therefore evenly distributed. In this embodiment, the number of connectors per area is constant across the entire formwork element.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the frame has a guide rail on its side facing the formwork skin. This guide rail projects beyond the surface of the frame facing the formwork skin and at least partially encircles the frame. In this embodiment, the outward edge of the frame is bounded by a guide rail. This guide rail projects beyond the remaining surface of the frame facing the formwork skin. The guide rail facilitates simple and reliable positioning of the formwork skin relative to the formwork support or the frame. The guide rail can be arranged either partially or completely around the outer edge of the frame. Advantageously, the guide rail is integrated into the elements forming the frame.Alternatively, the guide rail can also be formed by a component placed on top of the rest of the frame, with the guide rail being connected to the rest of the frame via screw connections, welded connections or similar.

[0062] Furthermore, an edge element is provided that is placed on the edges of the formwork skin, at least partially encircling the skin, and that the edge element is made of an elastically deformable material. In this embodiment, the edges located on the outer circumference of the formwork skin are provided with an edge element. This edge element serves, firstly, to mechanically protect the edges from damage during transport of the formwork skin. Secondly, the edge element acts as a seal between the formwork skin and the formwork support or between a formwork skin and an adjacent formwork skin. Advantageously, the edge element is made of an elastically deformable material, allowing its shape to be easily and elastically modified to create a seal against another element.The most suitable embodiment for a reliable seal is one in which the edge element encircles the entire outer perimeter of the formwork skin. Alternatively, an edge element can also be arranged only in partial areas of the outer perimeter of the formwork skin. The edge element can be flush with the concrete side and / or the installation side in the thickness direction, i.e., in the direction running between the concrete side and the installation side of the formwork skin. Alternatively, the edge element can project beyond the concrete side and / or the installation side of the formwork skin.

[0063] Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that the formwork skin has a shoulder at its edge on the mounting side, which at least partially surrounds the mounting side, the shoulder having a shape complementary to the guide rail of the frame. In this embodiment, the formwork skin is asymmetrical in its thickness direction. A shoulder is arranged on the mounting side, the size and shape of which are adapted to a guide rail of the formwork beam. When the formwork skin is connected to the formwork beam, the guide rail of the frame of the beam element is thus received in the shoulder on the mounting side of the formwork skin. The guide rail and the shoulder are positioned and dimensioned relative to each other such that there is a clearance fit between the two geometric elements, allowing the formwork skin to be easily connected to the formwork beam.The interaction of the shoulder and guide rail creates a positive fit between the formwork skin and the formwork beam, making it easier to position the two elements relative to each other and fixing them in place once positioned. This is particularly advantageous for correctly positioning the connectors located between the formwork skin and the formwork beam.

[0064] In an advantageous embodiment, the edge element of the formwork skin, when connected to the formwork support, projects beyond the frame in at least one direction parallel to the concrete side. In this embodiment, the edge element, which is designed to be elastically deformable, projects circumferentially beyond the formwork element. This projection allows adjacent formwork elements arranged within a formwork to be sealed against leaking concrete material during pouring. For this purpose, the adjacent formwork elements are positioned so that their distance is less than the sum of the projections of the undeformed edge elements beyond the frames. When the formwork skins are attached to the formwork support, the two edge elements of adjacent formwork skins are elastically deformed at their outer circumference.This elastic deformation allows the surfaces of the edge elements to adapt to each other, resulting in a very good seal in the area where adjacent shell elements meet.

[0065] Also revealed is a formwork element for a formwork for a building section, comprising at least one formwork beam, and at least one formwork skin, wherein at least one connector is arranged between the formwork support and the formwork skin, and the connector comprises at least one formwork skin element which is attached in or to the formwork skin, and the formwork skin element is connected to the formwork support, in particular to a recess in the formwork support; and the formwork support and the formwork skin element are reversibly connectable to each other and form the connector, whereby the formwork skin is reversibly connectable to the formwork support, wherein the reversible connection between the formwork support and the formwork skin element can be made by applying a force in the normal direction to the formwork skin towards the formwork support, which is greater than a limiting connection force, and wherein the reversible connection between the formwork support and the formwork skin element can be separated by elastic deformation of a partial area of ​​the formwork skin element by a separating tool.wherein the formwork skin element has a formwork skin attachment area which is connected to the formwork skin and the connection between the formwork skin element and the formwork skin is detachable, wherein a formwork skin adapter is arranged between the formwork skin element and the formwork skin, wherein the formwork skin adapter is a component which facilitates the detachment and connection of the formwork skin element to / from the formwork skin and the formwork skin adapter remains on or in the formwork skin when the formwork skin element is replaced.

[0066] This alternative formwork element differs from the formwork element previously described in several embodiments in that the formwork skin and formwork support cannot be separated solely by applying a normal force to the formwork skin, directed away from the formwork support. The alternative formwork element has a connector that can be deformed by a separating tool such that this deformation releases the positive locking between the formwork skin element and the support element. By releasing this positive locking, the formwork skin and formwork support can then be separated from each other. For the elements that are identical to the formwork skin element described above according to the invention, reference is made to the corresponding description.In the alternative formwork element, a reversible connection between the formwork skin (with an attached formwork skin element) and the support element can be established by applying a normal force to the formwork skin that exceeds a limiting connection force. Overcoming this limiting connection force creates a positive fit between the formwork skin element and the formwork support, holding the formwork skin and support together. To detach the formwork skin from the support, a separating tool is used, which is brought into contact with a portion of the formwork skin element to deform it. This deformation releases the positive fit between the formwork skin element and the support element, allowing the formwork skin to be removed from the support element without damaging the formwork skin element.This alternative formwork element has the advantage that the formwork skin element can be designed to be very simple and robust. Furthermore, a supporting element is not necessarily required.

[0067] In one embodiment of the alternative formwork element, the formwork skin element has a shaft and a connecting head, wherein the formwork skin element is connected to the formwork skin at one end of the shaft and the connecting head is connected to the end of the shaft opposite the formwork skin, and the connecting head has at least one bending area that is elastically deformable relative to the shaft, and the formwork support has at least one recess through which at least a part of the connecting head with the bending area can be inserted, thus creating a positive fit between the connecting head and the recess in the formwork support, thereby enabling the reversible connection between the formwork skin and the formwork support, and wherein the bending area is elastically deformable by the cutting tool.and this deformation can be generated by a linear movement of the cutting tool in a direction from the formwork support to the formwork skin perpendicular to the assembly side, wherein this elastic deformation of the bending area releases the positive fit between the connecting head and the recess in the formwork support, and the connecting head can be removed from the recess in the formwork support. In this embodiment, analogous to the previously described embodiment of the formwork element according to the invention, a connecting head with at least one elastically formable bending area is provided. This connecting head is inserted into a recess in the formwork support during the connection process.This creates a positive-locking connection. To separate the formwork panel and formwork beam, this positive-locking connection can be released by a linear movement of a separating tool relative to the formwork panel element and its connecting head. In doing so, the separating tool elastically deforms at least one bending area. This bending area is not damaged and can be used for a new connection between the formwork panel and a formwork beam.

[0068] Furthermore, the alternative formwork element is designed in such a way that the cutting tool has a recess with a cross-section that is at least partially cylindrical, and the bending area has a tool contact surface inclined to the normal direction towards the assembly side. The edge of the recess in the cutting tool can be brought into contact with the tool contact surface, and during a linear movement of the cutting tool towards the formwork element, the bending area is elastically deformable in the direction of the interior of the recess in the cutting tool. In this embodiment, the cutting tool has an internal recess which, for separating the connection between the formwork skin and the formwork support, extends partially over the bending area. An edge of this recess rests against a tool contact surface of the bending area.

[0069] Through a further linear feed movement of the separating tool in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side, the separating tool elastically deforms the bending area, thereby releasing the positive fit between the formwork skin element and the support element. In this embodiment, the separating tool has a very simple design and can, for example, be formed by a simple pipe section. Furthermore, the separating tool is easy to handle, allowing for straightforward separation of the formwork skin and the formwork support.

[0070] The object of the invention is also achieved by using a connector for the detachable connection of a formwork support to a formwork panel, according to claim 12. A connector consists of a formwork panel element and a support element according to one of the previously described embodiments of a formwork element according to the invention. The use of a connector for connecting a formwork panel to a formwork support enables simple connection and separation of these two elements. Since the connectors are designed to be reversible, in particular non-destructive and low-wear, the use of a connector allows for repeated, non-destructive connection and separation of the formwork panel and formwork support.The advantages previously described for the embodiments of the formwork element also apply analogously to the use of a connector for the detachable connection of a formwork beam with a formwork skin.

[0071] The object of the invention is further achieved by a method for connecting a formwork skin with a formwork support of a formwork element according to claim 13, comprising the steps a) Positioning the formwork skin to the formwork support, wherein the at least one formwork skin element is aligned axially with the at least one support element, b) Applying a normal force to the formwork skin in the direction of the formwork support, wherein the normal force is greater than the sum of the limit connection force of all connectors between the formwork skin and the formwork support, c) Moving the formwork skin in the normal direction towards the formwork support until the formwork skin rests flat on the formwork support.

[0072] A method according to the invention serves for the reversible, i.e., detachable and repeatable, connection of a formwork skin to a formwork support of a formwork element. The method according to the invention is carried out precisely in the described sequence of steps a) to c). In a first step a), the formwork skin is positioned relative to the formwork support. This positioning is carried out such that the formwork skin element is oriented axially aligned with the support element. If several connectors are provided, the formwork skin is positioned so that all formwork skin elements are oriented axially aligned with the corresponding support elements. "Axially aligned" in this context means that the formwork skin element and the support element are aligned with each other in such a way that both elements can be connected to each other.Advantageously, the formwork panel and support element are designed to compensate for a slight misalignment of their central axes. The formwork panel and support element are designed to guide the connection between them, for example, by incorporating chamfered edges on the support element that engage the formwork panel during assembly. Therefore, the formwork panel and support element do not need to be precisely aligned axially. This tolerance in the positioning of the formwork panel relative to the support element facilitates a quick and easy connection.

[0073] In a second step (b), a normal force is applied to the previously positioned formwork panel, acting essentially at a right angle to the concrete side of the panel. This normal force acts from the formwork panel towards the formwork support. The formwork panel is thus pressed against the formwork support. The normal force has a magnitude greater than the sum of the limiting connection forces of all connectors of the formwork element. By overcoming these summed limiting connection forces, the connectors can be joined together in the next step.

[0074] After overcoming the limiting connection force, in a further step c) the formwork skin is moved towards the formwork support until it lies flat against the support. In this step, the formwork element is connected to the support element. At the end of step c), the formwork skin is firmly attached to the formwork support. If, subsequently, concrete is poured into the formwork during the construction of a building section, the compressive forces exerted on the formwork skin by the concrete are transferred into the formwork support through the contact between the formwork skin and the support. The connector(s) are not subjected to any or only very minimal compressive forces resulting from the concrete. A method according to the invention has the advantage of being quick and easy to carry out. The formwork skin is positioned relative to the formwork support and pressed against it.The need for tools to create the connection and complex fastening steps are completely eliminated. Furthermore, with a connection method according to the invention, no damage occurs to the formwork skin or the formwork support, such as that which occurs with a conventional rivet connection between the two elements.

[0075] In one embodiment of the method, a support plate is connected to the frame of the formwork beam before positioning. In this embodiment, a support plate is attached to the frame of the formwork beam before the formwork skin is attached. As previously described for a formwork element, such a support plate serves to improve the strength of the formwork beam and, in particular, to provide a larger bearing surface, which can be used to attach a greater number of connectors. The support plate can, for example, be connected to the frame using screw connections. It is also possible to attach several support plates to the frame and to select these support plates according to the expected requirements during the construction of a building section.

[0076] In a further embodiment, the formwork element has several connectors, at least some of which have a locking mechanism and a locking element. After the formwork skin has moved (c) until it rests on the formwork support, step (d) actuating the locking mechanism and closing the locking element is performed for the connectors with a locking element. In this embodiment, the formwork element comprises several connectors, at least one of which has a locking element for a positive-locking connection. The operation of such a locking element is described in connection with the formwork element. In this embodiment of the method, steps (a) to (c) are first performed until the formwork skin rests flat on the formwork support.In a further step d), the locking element of the connector(s) with a locking bar is closed, thus creating a positive connection between the formwork panel and the support element. The locking mechanism is actuated to move the locking bar into the locked position. By providing one or more connectors with a locking bar, the sum of the limiting forces between the formwork panel and the formwork support can be increased. Advantageously, connectors with a locking bar are arranged in the edge or corner area of ​​the formwork panel.

[0077] Optionally, before applying b) the normal force to the formwork panel, a viscous bonding agent, in particular an adhesive, is applied at least partially in the edge region and / or at the corners of the formwork panel and the formwork support. After c) the formwork panel moves towards the formwork support, the viscous bonding agent hardens and forms a material-bonded connection between the formwork panel and the formwork support. In this embodiment of the method, the connection between the formwork panel and the formwork support is strengthened by providing an additional material-bonded connection alongside the existing connector. For this purpose, a viscous bonding agent, for example an adhesive, is applied at least partially before positioning a) or before applying b) the normal force to the formwork panel. This viscous bonding agent can be applied to the formwork panel and / or to the formwork support.This application can be done, for example, by brushing, spraying, or dispensing from a cartridge. After applying the bonding agent, the formwork skin and formwork support are joined together according to step c). This pressing action distributes the bonding agent evenly between the formwork skin and formwork support. After pressing, the bonding agent hardens and forms a permanent bond between the formwork skin and formwork support. This permanent bond is irreversible if the formwork skin and formwork support are separated; that is, the bond is destroyed upon separation.

[0078] In a further embodiment, it is provided that, prior to positioning a) the formwork skin to the formwork support, at least one formwork skin element is connected to a formwork skin adapter and / or at least one support element is connected to a support adapter. In this embodiment, a formwork skin adapter and / or a support adapter is arranged on the formwork skin to facilitate the replacement of the formwork skin element or support element. Before positioning a), all existing formwork skin elements and support elements are inspected. If increased wear or damage is detected on one or more of these elements, they are simply replaced. Formwork skin adapters and support adapters facilitate this replacement. If a previously unused support element or formwork skin is used, the corresponding connecting elements are initially attached.

[0079] Also disclosed is a method for separating a formwork skin from a formwork support of a formwork element according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps I) Applying a normal force to the formwork skin in a direction away from the formwork support, wherein the normal force is greater than the sum of the limiting separation forces of all connectors between the formwork skin and the formwork support, II) Removing the formwork skin from the formwork support. This method according to the invention is provided for separating a formwork skin from a formwork support according to one of the previously described embodiments of a formwork element. This method can be combined with the previously described method for connecting the formwork skin and the formwork support, and in particular can be carried out alternately with it. The method for separating the formwork skin and the formwork support is carried out in particular in the described sequence of steps I) to II). The separation of the formwork skin and the formwork support usually takes place after the formwork element has been removed from the formwork, after a building section has been erected.

[0080] In a first step, a normal force acting away from the formwork beam is applied to the formwork skin. This normal force, required for separation, is greater than the sum of the ultimate separation forces of all connectors located between the formwork skin and the formwork beam. To apply this normal force, the formwork skin can, for example, be pulled away from the formwork beam. Alternatively, a compressive force can be applied to the formwork skin from the side of the formwork beam facing away from the formwork beam. After overcoming the sum of the ultimate separation forces, the detached formwork skin is removed from the formwork beam in a second step (II).

[0081] In one embodiment of the method, the formwork element has several connectors, at least some of which have a locking mechanism and a locking element. Before applying the normal force (I) to the formwork skin, step Ia) actuating the locking mechanism and opening the locking element is performed on the connectors with a locking element. In this embodiment, the formwork element has one or more connectors that have a locking element for an additional positive-locking connection between the formwork skin and the formwork support. In this embodiment, before steps I) and II) are performed, the locking element is moved from the locked state to an open state in order to open or release the positive lock provided by the locking element between the formwork skin element and the support element. The locking mechanism of the corresponding connectors is actuated to open the locking element.After the locking state is released, the formwork skin is loosened by applying a normal force and removed from the formwork support.

[0082] In one embodiment, it is provided that after removal (II) of the formwork skin, the formwork skin element is removed from or replaced by the formwork skin adapter, and / or the support element is removed from or replaced by the support adapter. In this embodiment of the method, after removal (II) of the formwork skin from the formwork support, a formwork skin element and / or a support element is removed or replaced. The formwork skin element and the support element are detachably connected to the formwork skin and the formwork support, respectively. Such a connection using a formwork skin adapter and / or a support adapter is particularly advantageous, as it further simplifies the removal and replacement of the elements, as described above. In this embodiment of the method, after the formwork skin has been separated from the formwork support following the erection of a building section, the formwork skin element and / or the support element are inspected and, in particular, removed and replaced if signs of wear are found.

[0083] Furthermore, it is advantageously provided that after the removal of the formwork skin (II) from the formwork support, the formwork skin and / or the formwork support and / or the connector are cleaned. In this embodiment, after the separation of the formwork skin from the formwork support, some or all elements and components of the formwork element are cleaned. In particular, the movable or elastically deformable areas of the formwork skin element and / or support element are cleaned at this time to prevent blockage, which could potentially be caused by hardening concrete residues.

[0084] The features, effects, and advantages described in connection with the formwork element can also be applied analogously to the use of a connector and the methods for connecting and separating the formwork skin and formwork beam, and are therefore considered to be disclosed. The same applies in the reverse direction: features, effects, and advantages described in connection with the methods or the use are also transferable to the formwork element and are considered to be disclosed.

[0085] The figures schematically illustrate embodiments of the invention. Fig. 1 a schematic, perspective view of a formwork skin and a formwork support according to an embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention, Fig. 2 a schematic, perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a formwork support with a support plate, Fig. 3 a schematic, cutaway side view of a connector of an embodiment of a formwork element, Fig. 4 a schematic, cutaway side view of a support element of an alternative embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention, Fig. 5 a schematic, cutaway side view of a connector of a further embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention, Fig. 6 a schematic, cutaway side view of a connector of an alternative embodiment of a formwork element, Fig. 7 a schematic, cutaway side view of a part of an embodiment of a formwork element with an edge element.Fig. 8 A schematic, perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork skin according to the invention with a formwork skin adapter and a formwork skin element, Fig. 9 A schematic, perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork skin element according to the invention, Fig. 10 A cutaway side view of an embodiment of a formwork skin according to the invention with a formwork skin adapter and a formwork skin element, Fig. 11 A top view and a side view of an embodiment of a formwork skin adapter, Fig. 12 A top view of an embodiment of a formwork skin with several formwork skin adapters, Fig. 13 A schematic, perspective view of a further embodiment of a support element and a formwork skin element, Fig. 14 A partially cutaway, schematic side view of an embodiment of a connector according to the invention, Fig.15 A sectional side view of an alternative formwork element with a cutting tool engaged with a formwork skin element.

[0086] In the figures, identical elements are labelled with the same reference symbols. Generally, the described properties of an element in one figure also apply to the other figures. Directional terms such as up, down, right, or left refer to the described figure and can be applied analogously to other figures.

[0087] Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows a schematic, perspective view of a formwork skin 12 and a formwork support 11 according to an embodiment of a formwork element 1 according to the invention. The formwork element 1 comprises two main components, which are in Fig. 1 These main components are shown separately. They are, on the one hand, the formwork skin 12 shown on the left and, on the other hand, the formwork support 11 shown on the right. In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork skin 12 is designed as a rectangular plate with a constant thickness. The surface of the formwork skin 12, which is Fig. 1 The side facing right and pointing towards formwork support 11 is assembly side 122. The one in Fig. 1 The left-facing side of the formwork skin 12, opposite the assembly side 122, is the concrete side 121, which faces the concrete material during the construction of a building or part of a building. Fig. 1 It can be seen that the formwork skin 12 has a multi-layered structure; here, on the concrete side 121, it has a coating that prevents unwanted adhesion of concrete material to the surface of the concrete side. On the assembly side 122, which faces the formwork support 11, several formwork skin elements 132 are arranged, each of which is part of a connector 13.

[0088] The in Fig. 1 The formwork support 11 shown on the right comprises a frame 111, which in the illustrated embodiment is constructed of metal tubes with a square cross-section. The frame 11 surrounds the formwork support 11 and has a central reinforcement element. Fig. 1 The formwork support 11 extends from top to bottom. The formwork beam 11 or the frame 111 can, of course, also be constructed in other ways. In the illustrated embodiment, the side of the formwork support 11 facing the formwork skin 12 is rectangular. However, this shape can also be, for example, square. Likewise, the formwork support 11 can have an irregular shape, for example, with a side edge arranged at an acute angle. In the illustrated embodiment, the shape and size of the mounting side 122 and the side of the formwork support 11 facing the formwork skin are identical. Alternatively, the surface of the formwork support 11 facing the formwork skin 12 can also be larger than the mounting side 122. For example, the formwork support 11 can be twice as large as the mounting side 122. With such a solution, two formwork skins 12 can be connected to one formwork support 11.Alternatively, the mounting side 122 can of course be larger than the side of the formwork support 11 facing the formwork skin 12. In this embodiment, a formwork skin 12 can be connected to several formwork supports 11. Several support elements 131 are arranged on the side of the formwork support 11 facing the formwork skin 12, each of which is part of a connector 13.

[0089] Each formwork skin element 132 arranged on the formwork skin 12 forms a connector 13 together with each support element 131 arranged on the formwork support 11. In the embodiment in Fig. 1 The connectors 13 are arranged regularly in the rearward-facing area of ​​the formwork panel 12 and formwork beam 11, whereas they are arranged irregularly in the forward-facing area. In the rear area of ​​the formwork panel 12, four formwork panel elements 132 are regularly spaced at constant intervals. The same applies to their counterparts, namely the four rear support elements 131 on the formwork beam 11. These four connectors 13 are identical in design and dimensions, thus exhibiting identical properties when connecting and disconnecting. In this rearward-facing area of ​​the formwork panel 12 and formwork beam 11, the number of connectors 13 arranged per surface is constant.In the middle, both longitudinally and laterally, an additional formwork panel element 132 is arranged opposite the strut of the frame 111 of the formwork beam 11, meaning that there are no longer constant distances between the formwork panel elements 132 or the connectors 13. In practice, it has been found that when the entire formwork panel 1 is dismantled from the hardened concrete material formed by the formwork, greater adhesive forces are present at the edge of the formwork panel 1 than in its center. [This is particularly true in the rear area.] Fig. 1 Due to the illustrated, regular arrangement of connectors 13, it can happen that during the dismantling of the entire formwork element 1, the formwork skin 12 unintentionally detaches from the formwork support 11 in the edge area, since the adhesive force between the formwork skin 12 and the hardened concrete material can exceed the breaking force of the connectors 13. To counteract these increased adhesive forces in the edge and corner area of ​​the formwork skin 12, as in the front part of the formwork skin 12 and formwork support 11 in Fig. 1 As shown, the limiting shear force per area is increased. This can be achieved, for example, by arranging connectors 13 or formwork panels 132 of identical design at smaller intervals than in the central area of ​​the assembly side 122, as in the corner area of ​​the front left-facing corner of the formwork skin 12. In the front left-facing corner, the number of connectors 13 per area is therefore greater than in the central area of ​​the formwork skin 12 and formwork beam 11. Another way to achieve a higher limiting shear force per area is to arrange connectors 13 that are larger and thus each have a greater limiting shear force than connectors 13 arranged in the middle. Fig. 1 A larger-dimensioned connector 13 is schematically arranged in the lower left corner of the formwork skin 12 and the formwork support 11. The embodiment in Fig. 1 This shows various possibilities for varying the limiting separation force per area between the formwork skin 12 and the formwork beam 11. In practice, formwork elements 1 with an increased limiting separation force per area at their edges and corners have proven more suitable. This increased limiting separation force per area can be achieved by using identical connectors 13 positioned closer together, by using locally arranged connectors 13 with a higher limiting separation force, or by a combination of both concepts. For example, connectors 13 with a higher limiting separation force can additionally have a locking element that increases the limiting separation force. Various embodiments of connectors 13 are shown in Fig. 3 bis Fig. 6 This is shown and described in detail. Another possibility for increasing the ultimate separation force per area in the edge or corner region of the formwork element 1 is to introduce an additional bonding agent, for example an adhesive, in certain areas between the mounting side 122 and the side of the formwork support 11 facing the formwork skin 12. At the points where such a bonding agent is introduced, the ultimate separation force is further increased by it. However, a material-bonded connection provided by such a bonding agent must be destroyed if the formwork skin 12 separates from the formwork support 11.

[0090] Fig. 2 Figure 1 shows a schematic, perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a formwork beam 11 with a support plate 112. Fig. 2 is a formwork beam 11 with a design corresponding to the embodiment in Fig. 1 to see a similar form. In Fig. 2 The side of the formwork support 11 facing the formwork skin 12 (not shown) is oriented upwards. A total of six support elements 131 are arranged on this upwardly oriented side on the frame 111 of the formwork support 11. In contrast to the embodiment of the formwork support 11, which in Fig. 1 As shown, the formwork beam 11 in Fig. 2 A support plate 112 is mounted in the frame 111. The upward-facing surface of the support plate 112 is flush with the upward-facing surface of the frame 111. The frame 111 has a recess adjacent to its upward-facing surface, which is oriented towards the formwork skin 12. This recess is designed as a step. The support plate 112 rests on this step and is attached to it, for example, by screw connections. Two support elements 131 are arranged in the upward-facing surface of the support plate 112. In the illustrated embodiment, connectors 13 are thus provided between the frame 111 and the formwork skin 12, as well as between the support plate 112 and the formwork skin 12. The support plate 112 therefore increases the available surface area for arranging connectors 13 between the formwork support 11 and the formwork skin 12.Furthermore, the support plate 112 inserted into the frame 111 mechanically reinforces the formwork support 11. As in . Fig. 2 As can be seen, the support plate 112 does not fill the entire area within the frame 111. It is therefore possible to insert additional support plates 112 or a larger support plate 112 into the frame 111. The support plate 112 can thus be selected and connected to the frame 111 according to the requirements for constructing a building section.

[0091] Fig. 3 Figure 1 shows a schematic, cutaway side view of a connector 13 of an embodiment of a shell element 1 according to the invention. Fig. 3 Details of an embodiment of a connector 13 are shown. On the left side of Fig. 3 A section of the edge of the formwork panel 12 is shown. The illustration reveals that the formwork panel 12 has a multi-layered structure and a coating on its concrete side 121. The formwork panel element 132 is located on the assembly side 122. The actual formwork panel element 132 is shown in its detached state from the formwork panel 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork panel 12 is provided with an annular formwork panel adapter 14a. The formwork panel adapter 14a is attached to the assembly side 122 and is flush with it. The formwork panel adapter 14a has an external thread on its outer circumference, which is connected to the formwork panel 12. The formwork panel 12 is made of a wood-based material. The formwork panel adapter 14a is connected to the formwork panel 12 by its external thread, which is designed as a self-tapping thread.The formwork skin adapter 14a has an internal thread for connection to the formwork skin element 132. This internal thread can be, for example, a metric thread or a fine thread. The formwork skin element 132 has a formwork skin attachment area 1323 at its left-facing end. This formwork skin attachment area 1323 is provided with an external thread that matches the internal thread in the formwork skin adapter 14a. The formwork skin element 132 can thus be easily connected to the formwork skin adapter 14a using the formwork skin attachment area 1323. The formwork skin element 132 can also be easily separated from the formwork skin adapter 14a, and thus from the formwork skin 12, by unscrewing it. This design facilitates quick and easy replacement of the formwork skin element 132, for example, if the formwork skin element 132 is worn.The formwork skin element 132 further comprises a shaft 1321. At one end of this shaft 1321, the formwork skin attachment area 1323 is arranged. At the opposite end of the shaft 1321 is the connecting head 1322. The shaft 1321 has a central axis which is located in . Fig. 3 The connecting head 1322 is shown with a dashed line and is positioned coaxially to the formwork skin adapter 14a, the support element 131 shown on the right, and the support adapter 14b. The connecting head 1322 serves to provide a force-fit and form-fit connection between the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131. In the illustrated embodiment, the connecting head 1322 has two bending regions 13221 arranged symmetrically to each other and symmetrically to the central axis of the shaft 1321. These bending regions 13221 are designed to be elastically deformable and are compressed radially when the formwork skin element 1322 is inserted towards the central axis of the shaft 1321. This compression creates an elastic restoring force in the bending regions 13221, which ultimately ensures the cohesion between the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131.

[0092] On the right side in Fig. 3 A section of the edge of the formwork beam 11 is shown. A support element 131 is shown in a state that is already partially connected to the formwork beam 11. A ring-shaped support adapter 14b is arranged and fastened within the formwork beam 11. This support adapter 14b has an external thread on its outer circumference, which is screwed into a recess in the formwork beam 11. On its inner circumference, the support adapter 14b has an internal thread, which is provided for connection with the support element 131. For connection with the support adapter 14b, the support element 1311 has a support attachment area 1313 at its right-facing end, which is designed here as an external thread. The support element 131, or rather the support attachment area 1313, is screwed into the support adapter 14b to approximately one-third of its depth.To complete the connection between support element 131 and formwork beam 11, the support element 131 is screwed completely into the support adapter 14b until it rests against the right-facing edge of the recess in the formwork beam 11. In this state, the left-facing surface of the support element 131 is flush with the left-facing surface of the rest of the formwork beam 11. In the illustrated embodiment, the support element 131 has a cavity 1311. The shape and size of this cavity 1311 essentially correspond to the shape and size of the connecting head 1322 and is designed to receive this connecting head 1322. Advantageously, the inner diameter of the cavity 1311, measured from the central axis of the shaft 1321, is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the connecting head 1322.This causes the bending sections 13221 of the connecting head 1322 to be elastically compressed in the cavity 1311 when inserted, thereby generating an elastic restoring force that ensures the connecting head 1322 is held in the cavity 1311. A cylindrical insertion recess 1312 is arranged between the cavity 1311 and the left-facing surface of the support element 131. In the illustrated state, the central axis of this insertion recess 1312 is coaxial with the central axis of the shaft 1321. The inner diameter of the insertion recess 1312 is smaller than the largest inner diameter of the cavity 1311. Thus, an undercut is present at the transition between the insertion recess 1312 and the cavity 1311.This undercut interacts with the left-facing surface of the connecting head 1322 when the formwork skin elements 132t are connected to the support element 131, thus forming a positive-locking connection between the two elements in addition to the force-fit connection already described. In the illustrated embodiment, the support element 131 is rigid. In an alternative embodiment, however, elastically deformable areas can also be provided on the support element 131. Several functional surfaces are arranged on the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131 for setting or defining the limiting connection force and the limiting separation force. The connecting head 1322 has an insertion surface 132211 on its side facing the support element 131 at each bending region 13221, which is arranged here at an acute angle to the central axis of the shaft 1321.When the formwork skin element 132 is inserted into the support element 131, this insertion surface 132211 interacts with a bushing insertion surface 13121 located on the left side of the insertion recess 1312, which is also arranged at an angle to the central axis of the shaft 1321. Due to the angles of these two functional surfaces to the central axis of the shaft 1321, in the direction of which the formwork skin element 132 moves into the support element 131, the two bending areas 13221 are compressed radially, thereby reducing the outer diameter of the connecting head 1322. This reduced outer diameter allows the connecting head 1322 to fit through the insertion recess 1312 and be inserted into the cavity 1311. In cavity 1311, the bending areas 13221 elastically return to their original position until they are in contact with the outer diameter of cavity 1311.In this state, formwork skin element 132 and support element 131 are connected to each other by both force and form fit. The bending areas 13221 press radially outwards against the wall of the cavity 1311, thus ensuring a force fit. The surfaces of the elastically returned bending areas 13221, facing left in the illustration, simultaneously rest against the undercut near the connection point between the plug recess 1312 and the cavity 1311, thus additionally forming a form fit. The connection between formwork skin element 132 and support element 131 is reversible, meaning that the formwork skin element 132 can be pulled out of the support element 131 without damage. This applies a tensile force, directed to the left in the illustration towards the central axis of the shaft 1321, to the formwork skin element 132.At the beginning of the separation between the two elements, a separating surface 132212 located on the connecting head 1322 rests against a bushing separating surface 13122 located in the transition area between the plug recess 1312 and the cavity 1311. These two functional surfaces are also arranged at an angle to the central axis of the shaft 1321. A tensile force applied to the formwork skin element 132 causes the bending areas 13221 to be compressed radially inwards by the bearing surface 132212 on the bushing separating surface 13122. This, in turn, reduces the outer diameter of the connecting head 1322 to such an extent that it fits through the plug recess 1312. The formwork skin element 132 can thus be pulled out of the support element 131. The size, shape and especially the angle of the functional surfaces allow the limiting breaking force and the limiting joining force of the connector to be adapted to the needs of the current application.In the illustrated embodiment, replacing the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131 with the formwork skin adapter 14a and the support adapter 14b is particularly easy. To change the limiting breaking force and / or limiting joining force, a different pairing of formwork skin element 132 and support element 131 can thus be easily used if this is necessary for the specific application on the construction site.

[0093] The in Fig. 3 The illustrated embodiment of a connector 13 is not susceptible to thickness tolerances or to swelling and shrinkage of the formwork skin 12 in the thickness direction. Common materials for a formwork skin 12 are wood-based materials, which can swell or shrink depending on the humidity in their environment. At high moisture content, wood-based materials tend to swell, meaning their dimensions in the thickness direction increase. In dry environments, wood-based materials tend to shrink, meaning their dimensions in the thickness direction decrease. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork skin element 132 is arranged at the very right-facing edge of the formwork skin 12. A change in the thickness of the formwork skin 12 has hardly any effect when the connector 13 is closed and the formwork skin element 132 is inserted into the support element 131. The change in thickness of the formwork skin 12 occurs in the direction of the side of the formwork skin 12 facing away from the connector 13. Fig. 3 to the left. Changes in the thickness of the formwork skin 12 therefore do not affect the connection between the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131.

[0094] Fig. 4 Figure 1 shows a schematic, cutaway side view of a support element 131 of an alternative embodiment of a shell element 1 according to the invention. Fig. 4 Only the side of the formwork beam 11 with the support element 131 is shown. The support element 131 shown can, for example, be combined with a formwork skin element 132 according to the figure in Fig. 3 the embodiment shown can be connected. In contrast to the one in Fig. 3 In the illustrated embodiment of a support element 131, the support element 131 has in Fig. 4 Two movable locking elements 1314 are provided, which can effect an additional positive fit between the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131. Due to this additional positive fit, a support element 131 according to the embodiment can be used in Fig. 4 a higher limiting separation force can be achieved than with the embodiment of a support element 131 according to Fig. 3 The support element 131 in Fig. 4 is directly connected to the formwork support 11, i.e., without support adapter 14b. This connection can be made, for example, by an interference fit. Analogous to the one in Fig. 3 In the illustrated embodiment of the support element 131, the support element 131 has in Fig. 4 a cavity 1311 and a plug-in recess 1312. A bushing insertion surface 13121 is arranged on the edge of the plug-in recess 1312 oriented towards the outer surface of the support element 131. A bushing separation surface 13122 is arranged on the side of the plug-in recess 1312 facing the cavity 1311. These two functional surfaces have the same function as in the Fig. 3 In the illustrated embodiment, two recesses are arranged adjacent to the insertion recess 1312, facing upwards and downwards in the illustration. Two locking elements 1314 are movably mounted in these recesses. The mobility of these locking elements 1314 is symbolically represented by a double arrow. In a locked position, the locking elements 1314 can be moved into the insertion recess, thus reducing the clear width of the insertion recess 1312. One or more locking elements 1314 can also be arranged adjacent to and movably relative to the cavity 1311. To connect the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131, the two locking elements 1314 are moved back in their recesses so that they do not protrude into the insertion recess 1312. In this open position, the formwork skin element 132 can be, as described above, Fig. 3 described, are inserted into the support element 131. Once the formwork skin element 132 is inserted into the support element 131, the tie elements 1314 are inserted as described in Fig. 4 The locking elements 1314 are shown moving into the insertion recess 1312 and then form an undercut for the connecting head 1322 of the formwork skin element 132. In this locked state, the locking elements 1314 create an additional positive fit between the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131, thereby increasing the limiting breaking force of the connector 13. At least one locking mechanism 1315 is provided for moving the locking elements 1314. This locking mechanism 1315 translates an actuating movement into a movement of the locking elements 1314. Fig. 4 Various arrangements and functionalities of the locking mechanism 1315 are shown. In the illustration, a locking mechanism 1315 is arranged to the right and is accessible from the side of the formwork support 11 facing away from the formwork skin 12. The locking mechanism 1315 comprises a shaft with a keyway at its right-facing end. An operator can turn this keyway with a suitable tool or by hand. This rotational movement is translated via the shaft of the locking mechanism 1315 into a movement of the locking elements 1314. Alternatively, as shown by the dashed line, the locking mechanism 1315 can also be designed such that a translational movement, symbolized by the double arrow in the dashed line, moves the locking elements 1314.Such a translational movement is easier for an operator to perform than a rotary movement. An alternative arrangement of the locking mechanism 1315 is shown oriented downwards from the support element 131. This illustration shows an analogous setup to the illustration pointing to the right and shows, with solid lines, a locking mechanism 1315 that is actuated by a rotary movement and, with dashed lines, a locking mechanism 1315 that is actuated by a translational movement. Only one of the depicted locking mechanisms 1315 can be provided. The arrangement of the locking mechanism 1315 depends on from which side the locking mechanism 1315 is to be accessible. Of course, other arrangements and accessibilitys of the locking mechanism 1315 are also conceivable, for example, starting from the support element 131 and extending upwards towards the boundary of the formwork beam 11.Furthermore, a locking mechanism 1315 can also be remotely controlled, for example via radio. In such a remotely controlled embodiment, no direct access to the locking mechanism 1315 is required, which offers advantages in hard-to-reach areas during the construction of building components.

[0095] Fig. 5 Figure 1 shows a schematic, cutaway side view of a connector 13 of a further embodiment of a shell element 1 according to the invention. Fig. 5 Figure 13 shows an embodiment of a connector which, compared to the embodiments described above, has a reversal of form or function: in the Fig. 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the support element 131, arranged on the right side of the formwork support 11, is designed to project and comprises a cylindrical shaft 134 and a connecting head 135 projecting beyond this shaft 134. In this embodiment, the support element 131 does not include a cavity or any elastically deformable areas. The support element 131 is connected to the formwork support 11 at one end of its shaft 134 via a screw connection. Of course, this connection can also be designed differently, for example as a press fit or an adhesive bond. The shaft 134 of the support element 131 has a central axis which extends into Fig. 5 is aligned coaxially to the central axis of the formwork skin element 132 shown on the left. In this embodiment, the connecting head 135 of the support element 131 is not rotationally symmetrical about its central axis. On the in Fig. 5 The upward-facing side of the connecting head 135 is flattened. This allows the connecting head 135 to be inserted into the undercut cavity 136 of the formwork skin element 132. In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork skin element 132 is arranged completely within the formwork skin 12 and does not protrude beyond it in any way. In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork skin 12 has a continuous recess in which the formwork skin element 132 is arranged. This recess is accessible from both the concrete side 121 and the assembly side 122. On the concrete side 121, the recess is covered by a cover 138. This cover 138 can be easily removed from the recess. The cover 138 can, for example, be designed as a plastic cap that can be pried off the concrete side 121 using a flat screwdriver.The cover 138 is designed so that it does not protrude at all or only very slightly beyond the surface of the concrete side 121. This ensures that no unwanted imprint caused by the cover 138 is left on the manufactured building component when it is produced using the formwork liner 12. The formwork liner element 132 has an undercut cavity 136 facing to the right. This undercut cavity 136 is essentially cylindrical and hollow inside. A barrier wall 136a is arranged circumferentially on the side of the undercut cavity 136 facing the formwork support 11. This barrier wall 136a has a varying barrier height 136b in the circumferential direction. This barrier height 136b extends from the outer circumference of the undercut cavity 136 in the direction of the central axis shown with a dashed line.The barrier height 136b increases continuously in the circumferential direction around the undercut cavity 136. The barrier wall 136a, with its variable barrier height 136b, serves as a positive-locking connection with the flattened connecting head 135 of the support element 131. [The last sentence appears to be incomplete and requires context.] Fig. 5 When the formwork skin 12 and formwork support 11 are brought together in the depicted state, the flattened connecting head 135 can be moved past the retaining wall 136a into the undercut cavity 136. By rotating the undercut cavity 136 and the retaining wall 136a attached to it, the connecting head 135, which protrudes beyond the shaft 134, is undercut by the retaining wall 136a and thus positively locked in the undercut cavity 136. This positively locks the formwork skin element 132 to the support element 131 and thus the connector 13 formed by these elements. Rotation of the formwork skin element 132, which is arranged in the formwork skin 12, is initiated via the key area 137 pointing towards the concrete side 121. This key area can be rotated, for example, with a tool such as a wrench from the concrete side 121.A rotational movement applied to the key area 137 is transmitted via the shaft 137a to the undercut cavity 136. Thus, a rotational movement at the key area 137 changes the locking height 136b of the undercut cavity 136 relative to the connecting head 135, resulting in locking or, in the opposite direction, unlocking of the connector 13.

[0096] At the in Fig. 5 In the illustrated embodiment of a connector 13, the formwork skin element 132 extends almost through the entire formwork skin 12 in the thickness direction. Changes in the thickness of the formwork skin 12, which can occur, for example, due to swelling or shrinkage of the material from which the formwork skin 12 is made, thus affect the formwork skin element 132. If the thickness of the formwork skin 12 increases, the formwork skin element 132 can become jammed between the wrench area 137 and the undercut cavity 136. Advantageously, a compensating element is arranged on or in the shaft 137a, which allows the shaft 137a to change length within certain limits. Changes in the thickness of the formwork skin 12 can be compensated for by this compensating element, thus ensuring stable functionality of the formwork skin element 132 even in the event of swelling or shrinkage of the formwork skin 12.Such a compensating element can, for example, contain spring elements.

[0097] Fig. 6 shows a schematic, cutaway side view of a connector 13 of an alternative embodiment of a shell element 1 according to the invention. Fig. 6 Figure 13 shows a connector 13 that differs from the embodiments already described. In this embodiment, the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131 are identical in design and essentially correspond to the one shown in Figure 132. Fig. 3 the illustrated and described support element 131. In the embodiment in Fig. 6 Both the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131 each have a cavity 1311 and a plug-in recess 1312. Both the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131 are rigid and do not include any elastically deformable areas. In the illustration, the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131 are directly connected to the formwork skin 12 and the formwork support 11, respectively. The support element 131 is larger than the formwork skin element 132. Here, the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131 are made of a wear-resistant material, for example, metal or a hard plastic. In the illustrated embodiment, the connector 13 also includes an intermediate element 133. This intermediate element 133 has two connecting heads 133a and 133b, each attached to one side of an intermediate shaft 133c.The left-facing connecting head 133a is smaller than the right-facing connecting head 133b. The smaller, left-facing connecting head 133a is intended for connection with the smaller formwork skin element 132, and the larger, right-facing connecting head 133b is intended for connection with the larger support element 131. The two connecting heads 133a and 133b have the same features as shown in [reference]. Fig. 3 The connecting head 1322, as illustrated and described, has two elastically deformable bending areas which deform elastically when inserted into the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131, thereby creating a force-fit and form-fit connection. In the illustrated embodiment, the intermediate element 133 is made of an elastically deformable plastic. To connect the formwork skin 12 and the formwork support 11, the connecting head 133a is inserted into the formwork skin element 132 and the connecting head 133b into the support element 131. The mechanisms and steps described in [reference to relevant section] apply to this insertion as well as to any subsequent separation. Fig. 3 were described in an analogous manner. The in Fig. 6 The illustrated embodiment has the advantage that all wear resulting from repeated connection and disconnection of the connector 13 occurs only on the intermediate element 133. This wear can be easily compensated for by replacing the intermediate element 133. The formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131 are essentially wear-free and can remain permanently in the formwork skin 12 and the formwork support 12, respectively. The connection between the support element 131 and the intermediate element 133 is larger and therefore has a higher breaking force than the connection between the formwork skin element 132 and the intermediate element 133. This ensures that when a tensile force is applied to the formwork skin 12, directed away from the formwork support 11, the breaking force between the formwork skin element 132 and the intermediate element 133a is exceeded first, resulting in separation at this point.During separation, the intermediate element 133 remains connected to the support element 131. With reversed dimensioning, separation can, if desired, also occur between the formwork support 11 and the intermediate element 133 before separation of the formwork skin 12 and the intermediate element 133. The in . Fig. 6 The illustrated embodiment can also be equipped with one or more locking elements 1314 analogously to the Fig. 4 as shown in the illustrated embodiment.

[0098] Fig. 7 shows a schematic, cutaway side view of a part of an embodiment of a shell element 1 according to the invention with an edge element 15. Fig. 6 Figure 1 shows a sectional view through a section of a frame 111, a support plate 112, and a formwork skin 12 of an embodiment of a sound-insulating element 1 according to the invention. On the right side, facing downwards in the illustration, a portion of the frame 111 of a formwork support 11 is shown. On its upward-facing side, the frame 111 has a projecting guide rail 1111. This guide rail 1111 can completely or partially encircle the entire frame 111. Adjacent to the guide rail 1111 is a flat area of ​​the frame 111 in which a support element 131 is arranged. On the left side, adjacent to this flat area, a shoulder is arranged in the frame 111, which serves for connection with the support plate 112 shown on the left. Such a support plate is also available in Fig. 2 The support plate 112 has a circumferential projection that corresponds in size and shape to the shoulder in the frame 111. The support plate 112 is inserted into the frame 111 with this projection and connected to it via screw connections. The support plate 112 serves to mechanically stabilize the formwork beam 11 and to increase the surface area of ​​the formwork beam 11 facing the formwork skin 12. A support element 131 is also arranged in the support plate 112. The support element 131 in the support plate 112 is smaller and therefore has a lower breaking force than the support element 131 arranged in the frame 111. In the illustrated embodiment, a connector 13 with a higher breaking force is thus arranged in the edge region of the formwork beam 11 than the connector 13 that is arranged in the support plate 112 in the central region of the formwork beam.This arrangement has proven particularly advantageous in practice because, when removing the formwork element 1 after the erection of a building section, the adhesive force of the formwork skin 12 on the erected building section is greater at the edge of the formwork element 1 than in its center. If the limiting separation force is too low at the edge, this can lead to unintentional detachment of the formwork skin 12 from the formwork support 11. In the illustrated embodiment, the limiting separation force per unit area between the formwork skin 12 and the formwork support 11 is therefore greater at the edge and corner areas than in the central area. (See illustration in...) Fig. 7 On the upper side, a section of a formwork panel 12 is visible. This formwork panel 12 is multi-layered and has a coating on its concrete side 121. On the assembly side 122, the formwork panel 12 has a shoulder 124 running around its outer circumference, with this shoulder 124 having a shape complementary to the guide rail 1111 of the frame 111. This means that the guide rail 1111 fits into the shoulder 124. This positive fit facilitates the connection and positioning of the formwork panel 12 relative to the formwork support 11. On the downward-facing assembly side 122 of the formwork panel 12, two formwork panel elements 132 are arranged, which correspond to the corresponding support elements in 131 arranged opposite each other and each form a connector 13. On the right-facing side of the formwork panel 12, an edge element 15 is placed onto the edges arranged around the circumference of the formwork panel 12.This edge element 15 is designed like a strip and is made of an elastic, deformable material, for example, a thermoplastic or rubber. The edge element 15 serves two purposes: firstly, it provides mechanical protection for the formwork skin 12 during transport and assembly of the formwork element 1; and secondly, it seals the formwork skin 12 of one formwork element 1 relative to the formwork skin 12 of another formwork element 1 located adjacent to it in the formwork. Such an adjacent formwork element 1 can be arranged symmetrically to the right-facing edge of the edge element 15. In this configuration, the two edge elements 15 of adjacent formwork elements 1 abut each other. Their elastic properties ensure a good seal between the adjacent formwork skins 12.Such effective sealing allows for a very high surface quality on the building component to be constructed, which can be expressed as a high-grade exposed concrete finish. In the illustrated embodiment, the edge element 15 is flush with the concrete side 121 in the thickness direction of the formwork skin 12. However, the edge element 15 can also project beyond the formwork skin 12 in the direction of the concrete side 121 and / or the opposite direction.

[0099] Fig. 8 Figure 1 shows a schematic, perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork skin 12 with a formwork skin adapter 14a and a formwork skin element 132. Fig. 8 The edge region of a formwork panel 12 is visible. The mounting side 122 is facing upwards in the illustration, and the surrounding edge 123 is visible facing forwards. The formwork panel 12 consists of a multi-layered plywood panel with a coating applied across the entire surface of both the concrete side 121 and the mounting side 122. The formwork panel adapter 14a is thus formed as a plastic part and is positively attached directly adjacent to the edge 123 of the formwork panel 12 on the mounting side 122. The formwork panel 12 has a recess with an undercut on the mounting side 122, into which the edge region of the formwork panel adapter 14a engages. This recess is formed by a milled cut with a dovetail-shaped edge. The interaction of the shapes of the recess and the formwork panel adapter 14a is shown in the sectional view in Fig. 10 to be seen in detail. In the Fig. 8 In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork skin adapter 14a was inserted into the undercut recess in the formwork skin 12 by a linear sliding movement in the direction of the arrow shown adjacent to the formwork skin adapter. The interaction of the undercut and a correspondingly negatively shaped section of the formwork skin adapter 14a creates a positive fit between the two elements, which acts in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122 and thus prevents separation of the formwork skin 12 and the formwork skin adapter 14a in this direction. In a top view of the mounting side 122, the formwork skin adapter 14a has a rectangular area facing forward and a rearward-facing area with rounded corners. This shape is particularly advantageous because it completely fills a recess that was produced with a form cutter rotating on an axis perpendicular to the mounting side 122.In the illustrated embodiment, the upward-facing surface of the formwork skin adapter 14a is flush with the mounting side 122 or is recessed relative to the mounting side 122. The formwork skin adapter 14a has an internal recess 14a1 into which the formwork skin element 132 is positively inserted. This recess 14a1 has an undercut on both its right and left sides (as shown in the illustration), into which a portion of the formwork skin element 132 is inserted. This creates a positive fit between the formwork skin adapter 14a and the formwork skin element 132, acting in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122. The formwork skin element 132 is installed in the formwork skin adapter 14a by a linear insertion movement of the formwork skin element 132 into the recess 14a1, also in the direction of the arrow shown adjacent to the formwork skin adapter 14a.The connection between the formwork skin element 132 and the formwork skin adapter 14a is reversible, meaning that the formwork skin element 132 can be easily replaced, for example, if it becomes worn from repeated use. Furthermore, the formwork skin element 132 can also be removed, for example, before transporting several formwork skins 12 stacked on top of each other, to facilitate stacking. Before the formwork skins 12 are put into operation, the formwork skin element 132 can then be reconnected to the formwork skin adapter 14a with a simple sliding motion. In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork skin element 132 is also made of plastic. Two retaining tongues 14a2 are provided on the edge area adjacent to the recess 14a1 in the formwork skin adapter 14a at the front; these tongues are elastically deformable relative to the rest of the formwork skin adapter 14a.When the formwork skin element 132 is inserted, these retaining tongues 14a2 are temporarily bent upwards and spring back to their original position after the formwork skin element 132 has been completely inserted into the recess 14a1. In this original position, a positive fit is created in a direction parallel to the mounting side 122, which prevents the formwork skin element 132 from accidentally slipping out of the formwork skin adapter 14a. This positive fit is achieved by a hook that projects towards the concrete side over each retaining tongue 14a2 and, in the illustrated state, forms an undercut for the inserted formwork skin element 132. The two retaining tongues 14a2 thus secure the formwork skin element 132 in the formwork skin adapter 14a.To remove the formwork panel element 132 from the formwork panel adapter 14a, the two retaining tabs 14a2 are bent elastically upwards again, allowing the formwork panel element 132 to be pulled out of the recess 14a1. However, the retaining tabs 14a2 are not strictly necessary. An alternative method of securing the formwork panel element 132 in the formwork panel adapter 14a can be achieved, for example, by providing a slight press fit between the formwork panel element 132 and the undercut recess 14a1, in addition to the positive locking. This press fit means that the formwork panel element 132 can only be pulled out of the formwork panel adapter 14a by overcoming a greater pushing force. Such a mechanism also prevents the formwork panel element 132 from accidentally falling out of the recess 14a1.

[0100] Fig. 9 shows a schematic, perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork skin element 132. In Fig. 9 The formwork skin element 132 is made of Fig. 8 shown separately. This formwork skin element 132 has a connecting head 1322 in the upper illustration and a shaft 1321 in the lower illustration. The shaft 1321 corresponds to the formwork skin attachment area 1323, since the connection of the formwork skin element 132 to the formwork skin 12 is made via the formwork skin adapter 14a and the shaft 1321 as interfaces. The connection of the formwork skin element 132 with the formwork skin adapter 14a in Fig. 8 Connection is achieved via the shaft 1321. The shaft 1321 has three wings 1321a, which form sections that are inserted into the undercut of the recess 14a1 in the formwork skin adapter 14a and thus brought into positive engagement with it. In a top view of the assembly side 122, the three wings 1321a are evenly distributed around the circumference of the shaft, each at a 120° angle to the other with respect to the center point of the shaft 1321. Interruptions are arranged circumferentially between the wings 1321a. These interruptions enable a connection of the illustrated formwork skin element 132 with a formwork skin adapter 14a as shown in Figure 1. Fig. 11 The connecting head 1322 has four bending regions 13221 arranged regularly around the central axis of the formwork skin element 132. These bending regions 13221 are elastically deformable relative to the shaft 1321. When the formwork skin element 132 is connected to a support element 131, the bending regions 13221 are elastically bent inwards in the direction of the central axis of the formwork skin element 132. Each bending region 13221 has a curved insertion surface 132211 on its outer circumference, pointing upwards. This insertion surface 132211 rests against the support element 131, at least partially, during the connection process.Due to the curvature of the insertion surface 132211, when a normal force is applied to the formwork skin element 132, a force acting radially towards the central axis of the formwork skin element 132 is generated. This force bends the corresponding bending area 13221 inwards, thereby reducing the outer circumference of the connecting head 1322 and allowing it to penetrate the support element 131. After this penetration, no radial force acts on the bending area 13221, so that it elastically returns to its original shape, creating a positive fit between the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131. Each bending area 13221 has a similarly curved separating surface 132212 spaced apart from the insertion surface 132211. The curvature of the separating surface 132212 is in the opposite direction to the curvature of the insertion surface 132211, or has the opposite sign.When the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131 are separated, the separating surface 132212 is in contact with the support element 131, at least in some areas. If a tensile force perpendicular to the mounting side is applied to the formwork skin element 132 in this state, the curvature of the separating surface 132212 generates a radial force towards the central axis of the formwork skin element 132, causing the bending area 13221 to bend inwards. This elastic deformation reduces the outer circumference of the connecting head 1322, allowing it to be pulled out of the support element 131. The illustrated embodiment of a formwork skin element 132 can therefore be connected to or separated from a support element 131 simply by applying a normal force perpendicular to the mounting side 122. No tool or similar device is required to create or separate the connection.The insertion surface 132211 and the separation surface 132212 can also be designed flat and inclined instead of the curved design shown, whereby in such a flat design the surfaces are arranged at an angle to the central axis or to a direction perpendicular to the mounting side. The insertion surface 132211 and the separation surface 132212, as well as the interaction of these surfaces with the support element 131, behave analogously to the embodiment in Figure 1. Fig. 3 Therefore, the description of the embodiment in also applies to identical or analogous components and relationships. Fig. 3 An alternative embodiment of a connecting head 1322, and thus of a formwork skin element 132, is shown in Fig. 10 depicted.

[0101] Fig. 10 shows a cutaway side view of an embodiment of a formwork skin 12 with a formwork skin adapter 14a and a formwork skin element 132. In Fig. 10 is a similar excerpt to the one in Fig. 8 to be seen. While in the shell skin adapter 14a in Fig. 8 a formwork skin element 132 according to Fig. 9 It is built in, as shown in the section view in Fig. 10 A differently designed formwork skin element 132 was inserted into the formwork skin adapter 14a. The formwork skin element 132 was also inserted into... Fig. 10 It comprises a connecting head 1322 with several bending areas 13221. These bending areas 13221 each have an entry surface 132211, which is also designed here to convert a force acting in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122 into a force acting radially to the central axis of the formwork skin element of the 132, which then bends the bending area 13221 inwards. Instead of the separating surface 132212 in Fig. 9 The formwork skin element 132 is shown in Fig. 10 a retaining surface 132213 oriented parallel to the mounting side 122. In a state where the formwork skin element 132 is directly connected to a support element 131 or the formwork support 11, the retaining surface 132213 lies flat on a surface of the formwork support 11 or the support element 131 or is arranged parallel to it at a short distance. When a normal force is applied to the formwork skin element 132 away from the formwork support 11, the orientation of the retaining surface 132213 in this embodiment does not generate a radial force that bends the bending area 13221 inwards and thus releases the positive connection with the formwork support 11 or the support element 131. The in Fig. 10 The illustrated embodiment of a formwork skin element 132 cannot be separated from the formwork support solely by a pulling force away from it. To separate the connection between the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131 or formwork support 11, a separation tool 16 must be used to bend the bending areas 13221 radially inwards and thus release the positive fit. The use of such a separation tool 16 is Fig. 15 shown and described. Apart from the different embodiment of the formwork skin element 132, the other components are identical to the illustration in Fig. 8 In the sectional view, it is clearly visible that a dovetail-shaped recess is provided in the mounting side 122 of the formwork panel 12. The formwork panel adapter 14a, also dovetail-shaped in this view, is inserted into this recess. On the right and left sides, the inclined outer surfaces of the formwork panel adapter 14a rest against similarly inclined inner surfaces of the recess, thus forming a positive fit in the undercut of the recess. In the illustrated state, the formwork panel adapter 14a can therefore no longer be removed from the formwork panel 14 in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122 (in this illustration, upwards) and is thus fixed. The flat surface of the formwork panel adapter 14a facing away from the formwork panel element 132 rests on a flat surface of the recess in the formwork panel 12 that faces towards the mounting side 122.The formwork skin adapter 14a thus rests against the recess in the formwork skin 12 with three flat surfaces oriented in different directions. The sectional view also clearly shows that the recess 14a1 is located inside the formwork skin adapter 14a, which has an undercut on both the right and left sides. A wing 1321a of the shaft 1321 of the formwork skin element 132 is inserted into each of these undercuts, thereby forming a positive fit between the formwork skin adapter 14a and the formwork skin element 132. The wings 1321a represent sections of the formwork skin element 132. In the formwork skin adapter 14a in . Fig. 10 A formwork skin element 132 can of course also be used in accordance with the [document / reference] Fig. 9 as shown in the embodiment.

[0102] Fig. 11 A top view and a side view show an embodiment of a formwork skin adapter 132. Fig. 11 Two views of a formwork skin adapter 14a are shown, the top view and the bottom side view. The formwork skin adapter 14a corresponds here to one of the embodiments in Fig. 8 und 10 alternative embodiment. The one in Fig. 11 In the illustrated embodiment of a formwork skin adapter 14a, a press-fit connection is made to the formwork skin 12 (not shown). To create this press-fit connection, a recess without undercuts is first machined into the mounting side 122 of the formwork skin 12. This recess is bounded by boundary walls running perpendicular to the mounting side. For the illustrated embodiment of a formwork skin adapter 14a, a cylindrical recess with a flat inner bottom is machined into the formwork skin, for example, by milling. The formwork skin adapter 14a is then pressed into the recess in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122. The outer diameter of the formwork skin adapter 14a is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the recess. The pressing action creates a force-fit connection, fixing the formwork skin adapter 14a in the formwork skin 12 in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122.This force flow is achieved through an interference fit in a plane parallel to the mounting side 122, as shown in the side view below. Fig. 11 As can be seen, the formwork skin adapter 14a has several ribs with insertion ramps on its outer circumference, which facilitate positioning and pressing into the formwork skin 12. In the side view shown below, the upward-facing end of the formwork skin adapter 14a is open, so that this opening allows a formwork skin element, for example according to the one described in Fig. 9 can be incorporated in the embodiment shown. Fig. 11 The top view shown above the side view corresponds to the folding rule and shows the formwork skin adapter 14a with its closed side located at the bottom in the side view. Therefore, the inner contour is shown as a dashed line in the top view. The formwork skin adapter 14a also has a recess inside, which is essentially cylindrical in this case. The three retaining ribs 14a3 project radially from the inner wall of the recess into the interior of the recess. An undercut is formed between the retaining ribs 14a3 and the inner bottom surface of the recess in the formwork skin adapter 14a, which can be positively engaged with a portion of the formwork skin element of the 132. The three retaining ribs 14a3 are arranged regularly spaced relative to each other circumferentially on the inner circumference of the formwork skin adapter 14a.With reference to the center point of the formwork skin adapter 14a in the top view, the three retaining ribs 14a3 are each oriented at an angle of 120° to each other. The three wings 1321a of the formwork skin element 132 are made of... Fig. 9 The formwork skin element 132 can be inserted between the three retaining ribs 14a3 into the recess in the formwork skin adapter 14a. By subsequently rotating the formwork skin element 132 relative to the formwork skin adapter 14a, a positive fit can be created between the formwork skin adapter 14a and the formwork skin element 132, similar to a bayonet fitting. The rotation of the wings 1321a below the retaining ribs 14a3 fixes the formwork skin element 132 in the formwork skin adapter 14a in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122. This rotational movement for mounting and dismounting the formwork skin element 132 can easily be performed by hand, allowing for convenient replacement of the formwork skin element 132. It is also possible to... Fig. 11 to fix the illustrated formwork skin adapter 14a using connecting elements, for example screws, instead of the press fit in the formwork skin 12.

[0103] Fig. 12 shows a top view of an embodiment of a formwork skin 12 with several formwork skin adapters 14a. Fig. 12 A formwork panel is shown in a top view of its mounting side 122. On the left, the entire formwork panel 12 is visible, while on the right, a detailed view of the area marked with a circle on the left is shown. In the overall view on the left, various formwork panel adapters 14a are inserted at the upper left edge. Several pre-prepared recesses A are visible in the remaining area of ​​the formwork panel 12. First, the installed formwork panel adapters 14a are described with reference to the detailed view shown on the right. At the edges of the formwork panel 12, directly adjacent to the edges, two formwork panel adapters 14a are shown according to the diagram in Fig. 8 The formwork skin adapters 14a are arranged in the illustrated embodiment. These formwork skin adapters 14a are inserted into the formwork skin 12 from the edge and, in the illustrated state, are fixed by a positive fit with the formwork skin 12 in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122. Formwork skin elements 132 can be easily inserted into and removed from these formwork skin adapters 14a arranged at the edge by a sliding movement. For example, formwork skin elements 132 can be inserted according to the Fig. 9 In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork skin adapters 14a are inserted into this formwork skin adapter. A further formwork skin adapter 14a can be seen spaced from the edge of the formwork skin 12, which does not directly abut the edge. This formwork skin adapter 14a, spaced from the edge, is designed according to Fig. 11 executed and connected to the formwork skin 12 via a press-fit connection. A formwork skin element 132 can be inserted into the formwork skin adapter 14a, which is spaced from the edge, in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122 and positively connected to the formwork skin adapter 14a by a rotational movement about an axis perpendicular to the mounting side 122. The in Fig. 12 The number and distribution of the formwork skin adapters 14a shown is exemplary. Different numbers of formwork skin adapters 14a can be provided, and their distribution across the formwork skin can also vary. For example, several formwork skin adapters 14a can be spaced from the edge according to Fig. 11 provided in a press-fit connection. Alternatively or additionally, formwork skin adapters 14a can also be used in accordance with the [reference to be added]. Fig. 8 In the embodiment shown, the formwork skin 12 is positively connected at a distance from the edge. For such a connection, an insertion area in the formwork skin 12 is required, through which a recess with an undercut can first be created in the formwork skin 12, and subsequently a formwork skin adapter 14a can be positively inserted into the formwork skin 12. Finally, it is also possible that, at a distance from the edge of the formwork skin, both formwork skin adapters 14a and the formwork skin adapter 14a can be positively connected according to the diagram shown. Fig. 8 as well as after the in Fig. 11 as illustrated embodiment. Finally, formwork skin adapters 14a can also be arranged according to the embodiment in Fig. 11 directly adjacent to the edge of the formwork skin 12, it is connected to the formwork skin 12 in a press-fit connection. In the overall view on the left... Fig. 12 The figure shows the state that arises during the assembly of the formwork panel adapters 14a into the formwork panel 12. In the upper left corner, the formwork panel adapters 14a are already connected to the formwork panel; in the remaining area of ​​the formwork panel 12, the prepared recesses A are still empty. Formwork panel adapters 14a can be inserted into all prepared recesses A. Furthermore, it is also possible to arrange formwork panel adapters 14a in only some of the prepared recesses A. Finally, additional recesses A can be added at other locations and fitted with formwork panel adapters 14a. Preferably, the formwork panel adapters 14a and their connection to the formwork panel 12 are designed such that they remain connected to the formwork panel 12 throughout its entire service life. Significant wear during the replacement and modification of a formwork 12 occurs, due to the connector 13 according to the invention, only on the very easily replaceable formwork panel element 132.

[0104] Fig. 13 Figure 1 shows a schematic, perspective view of a further embodiment of a support element 131 and a formwork skin element 132. Fig. 13 Another embodiment of a connector 13 is shown. A support element 131 and a formwork skin element 132 are shown in their unassembled state. On the right side, the formwork skin element 132 is visible, which has a shaft 1321 arranged at the bottom and a connecting head 1322 pointing upwards. The shaft 1321 corresponds to the formwork skin attachment area 1323, since the connection of the formwork skin element 132 to the formwork skin 12 is made via the formwork skin adapter 14a and the shaft 1321 as interfaces. The connecting head 1322 has four bending areas 13221, which are regularly distributed around the central axis of the formwork skin element 132. The four bending areas 13221 enclose a bending recess 13222. When the formwork skin element 132 is connected to the support element 131, similar to the connection described in the figure, the connecting head 1322 is formed by bending the formwork skin element 1321. Fig. 3 The described embodiment elastically deforms the bending areas 13221. In contrast to the embodiments of a formwork skin element in Fig. 3 , Fig. 9 und Fig. 10 The bending areas 13221 are used in the embodiments Fig. 13 The shaft 1321 is bent elastically outwards, away from the central axis of the formwork skin element 132 and away from the bending recess 13222. In the embodiment shown, the shaft 1321 is designed as a closed circular disk. The outer edge region of this circular disk can, for example, be incorporated into a formwork skin adapter 14a according to the embodiment shown. Fig. 8 The formwork skin element 132 can be inserted. The resulting positive fit allows the formwork skin element 132 to be easily connected to the formwork skin 12 using a formwork skin adapter 14a. This embodiment also allows for easy replacement of the formwork skin element 132. The support element 131 shown on the left is designed for direct connection to the formwork support 11, preferably without an intermediate support adapter 14b. A gripping area 1316, projecting beyond adjacent areas, is located centrally in the support element 131. When connected to the formwork skin element 132, this gripping area 1316 is engaged by the bending areas 13221. In such a connection, the gripping area 1316 penetrates the bending recess 13222 between the bending areas 13221. The gripping area 1316 is provided with a projection 1316a located approximately at the midpoint of its height, starting from a cylindrical base shape.In a sectional view through the central axis of the support element 131, as shown in . Fig. 14 As shown, the projection 1316a extends radially towards the central axis of the support element 131. This creates an undercut below the furthest protruding portion of the projection 1316a, extending radially towards the central axis. This undercut can be used to create a positive-locking connection with the inwardly facing tips of the bending sections 13221 of the formwork skin element 132. To facilitate the connection, a lead-in chamfer 13221b is arranged on the side of the bending sections 13221 facing away from the shaft 1321. This lead-in chamfer is oriented towards the central axis and the bending recess 13222. When connected to the support element 131, this lead-in chamfer 13221b is brought over the upwardly facing end of the gripping area 1316 shown in the illustration. During the subsequent insertion movement, the bending recess 13222 is guided towards the gripping area 1316.Due to the lead-in chamfer 13221b, when the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131 are joined, the bending sections 13221 are pressed radially outwards in a direction parallel to the central axes of the two elements and thus guided around the gripping area 1316 and the projection 1316a. In the connected position of the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131, the end regions of the bending sections 13221 facing away from the shaft 1321 engage the projection 1316a on the outer surface of the gripping area 1316 and engage in the undercut located below the projection 1316a. In this way, the formwork skin element 132 and the support element 131 are connected to each other by both a positive fit and a force fit between the bending sections 13221 and the gripping area 1316.

[0105] A bending area receptacle 1317 is arranged around the gripping area 1316. This bending area receptacle 1317 is designed here as an annular channel that completely surrounds and encircles the gripping area 1316. When the connectors 13 are connected, the bending area receptacle 1317 receives the radially outwardly bent bending areas 13221.

[0106] The bending area support 1317 is bounded externally by a guide area 1318. This guide area 1318 is ring-shaped and surrounds the gripping area 1316 in the circumferential direction. The height of the guide area 1318 corresponds essentially to three-quarters of the height of the gripping area 1316. The guide area 1318 is designed to guide the support element 131 during assembly in a support plate 112, or conversely, to guide the support plate 112 relative to the attached support element 131. This function is described in Fig. 14 to be more easily seen. Finally, the support element 131 has a base area 1320, which connects the gripping element 1316 with the guide element 1318. The base area 1320 is designed like a circular disk and has flat surfaces on the top and bottom in the illustration.

[0107] In the center of the support element 131, a fastening area 1319 is arranged concentrically to the gripping area 1316. This fastening area is provided for fastening the support element 131 to a frame 111 or to a support plate 112 of the formwork support 11. The fastening area 1319 comprises a cylindrical recess 1319a extending along the central axis of the support element 131. A connecting element, such as a screw, can be inserted through this recess 1319a. A conical receptacle 1319b adjoins the upward-facing side of the recess 1319a and is designed to receive the head of a connecting element, such as a screw head. In this embodiment, a countersunk screw can be inserted into the fastening area 1319, which is then used to screw the support element 131 to the formwork support 11.By providing the receptacle 1319b, the screw head is completely countersunk in the support element 131 and thus protected. Alternatively, it is also possible not to provide a recess in the fastening area 1319, but instead to integrate a fastening element projecting downwards beyond the support element 131 into the support element 131. This can be achieved, for example, by injecting a screw or similar fastening element into the support element 131 during its production as a plastic injection molded part. In the illustrated embodiment, viewed from the inside out, the fastening area 1319, the gripping area 1316, the bending area receptacle 1317, and the guide area 1318 are arranged circularly and concentrically to one another in a top view.

[0108] In this embodiment of a connector 13, the support element 131 arranged on the formwork beam 11 does not have a small-volume cavity. Experience has shown that the side of the formwork beam 11 is more susceptible to contamination on the construction site than the assembly side 122 of the formwork skin. For this reason, it is advantageous that the more contaminated side of the beam does not have a small-volume cavity that could be filled by contaminants and thus unintentionally sealed. The in Fig. 13 The illustrated embodiment of a support element 131 is therefore less susceptible to contamination, and any contamination that may occur can be easily and cleanly removed from the large-volume bending area receptacle 1317 due to its design. This increases the reliability of the connector 13.

[0109] Fig. 14 shows a partially cutaway, schematic side view of an embodiment of a connector 13. Fig. 14 Is connector 13 according to the in Fig. 13 The embodiment shown is installed and closed. The illustration below shows a formwork skin 12 into which a formwork skin adapter 14a is positively engaged according to the illustration in Fig. 8 The embodiment shown is incorporated. A formwork skin element 132 is incorporated into the formwork skin adapter 14a according to the embodiment shown. Fig. 13 In the illustrated embodiment, the formwork skin 12 is inserted and positively locked in a direction perpendicular to its surface. The formwork skin 12 rests on the formwork support 11, which is only partially shown here. The formwork support 11 comprises a frame 111, shown above, onto which a support plate 112 is mounted. A possible interaction between the frame 111 and the support plate 112 is shown in Fig. 2 The support plate 112, as shown, absorbs a large portion of the forces transmitted through the concrete to the formwork skin 12 and from there to the formwork support beam 11. The support plate 112 is thus positioned in the force flow between the formwork skin 12 and the frame 111. Providing such a support plate 112 has the advantage that the formwork skin 12 itself needs to be less rigid than if no support plate 112 were used. This allows the formwork skin 12 to be thinner, and therefore lighter and less expensive. The support plate 112 can, for example, be formed by two parallel sheets of metal with a corrugated sheet between them to increase bending stiffness. Alternatively, the support plate 112 can also be a solid metal plate, a plywood sheet, or another type of plate.In the illustrated embodiment, the support element 131 is arranged and fastened within the support plate 112. In the illustrated closed state of the connector 13, the bending sections 13221 encompass the gripping area 1316. The upward-facing ends of the bending sections 13221 engage in an undercut located between the projection 1316a and the base area 1320. This creates a positive fit that fixes the formwork skin element 132 relative to the support element 131 in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the formwork skin 12. A connector 13 according to the illustrated embodiment can be separated solely by applying a normal force to the formwork skin 12, directed away from the formwork support 11. On the radial inner side of the bending sections 13221, separating surfaces 13221c are arranged, which, in the connected state, are inclined relative to the central axis of the formwork skin element 132.In the connected state shown, these separating surfaces 13221c each rest on a flank surface 1316b, which is also inclined on the outer circumference of the gripping area 1316 in the undercut region. The flank surface 1316b is located between the projection 1316a and the bottom area 1320. When a normal force is applied to the formwork skin element 132, the contact between separating surface 13221c and flank surface 1316b generates a radially outward force, which elastically deforms the bending element 13221 outwards, thus releasing the positive locking with the gripping area 1316. In this way, the formwork skin element 132 can be pulled away from the support element 131. This connection is also completely reversible and can be closed and separated multiple times. The fastening area 1319 is located in the center of the support element 131, into which a fastening element in the form of a screw S is inserted.The head of screw S is inserted into the receptacle 1319b, and the shank of screw S penetrates the recess 1319a. Screw S passes through a bore in the support plate 112 and is screwed into an internal thread in the frame 111. In this way, the support plate 112, together with the support element 131, is connected to the frame 111 by screw S. The support element 131 acts similarly to a washer, with the large, flat surface of the base area 1320, facing away from the formwork element 132, serving as a bearing surface on the support plate 112. This large bearing surface results in only minimal stress being introduced into the support plate 112 by the connection, thus providing a very long-term stable connection. As can be clearly seen, a recess with beveled walls is provided in the support plate 112, which accommodates the support element 131.This recess can be created, for example, by embossing, which simultaneously forms a groove. Alternatively, the recess can also be milled into the support plate 112. When the support element 131 is mounted in the support plate 112, the guide area 1318 located on the outside of the support element 131 serves as a bearing surface on the inner walls of the recess in the support plate 112. In this way, the support element 131 can be easily inserted into the support plate 112 and clamped there to the frame 111 using the screw S. In the illustrated embodiment, the support element 131 thus has a dual function: firstly, it forms the functional counterpart to the formwork skin element 132, thereby creating a reversibly detachable connector 13. Secondly, the support element 131 simultaneously serves as a supporting fastening element for attaching a support plate 112 to the frame 111 of a formwork beam 11.This functional combination significantly reduces the number of components and the assembly time for a formwork beam 11, while simultaneously ensuring an excellent connection between the elements. In the illustrated embodiment, the beam element 131 includes the projecting gripping area 1316, which penetrates the bending recess 13222 of the formwork skin element 132. Alternatively, this shape can also be exactly reversed. Thus, a beam element 131 with the dual function, i.e., which also serves as a supporting fastening element for the support plate 112, can also be provided with a rigid cavity, and the corresponding formwork skin element 132 can have a connecting head 1322, which deforms elastically inwards during the connection process. Thus, the embodiment in... Fig. 14 also with a connection principle such as in Fig. 3 As shown, they can be combined. Even in such an embodiment with reversed shaping or deformation function of support element 131 and formwork skin element 132, a bottom area 1320 with a concentrically arranged fastening area 1319 can be provided in order to realize the previously described function similar to a washer in this embodiment as well.

[0110] Fig. 15 Figure 1 shows a sectional side view of an alternative formwork element 1 with a cutting tool 16 engaged with a formwork skin element 132. The illustration in Fig. 15 This relates to an alternative embodiment of a formwork element 1, not according to the invention. The alternative formwork element 1 also comprises a formwork skin 12, which is shown in section below. Furthermore, the formwork element 1 comprises a formwork support 11, which is only partially shown here. Fig. 15 Only a portion of a frame 111 of the formwork support 11 is visible. The connector 13 here consists of a formwork skin element 132, which is connected to the formwork skin via a formwork skin adapter 14a, and a support element 131, which here is formed by a recess in the formwork support 11, in particular in the frame 111 of the formwork support 111. Alternatively, the connector 13 can also be formed exclusively from the formwork skin element 132, and the recess in the formwork support 11 can be considered a part or component of the formwork support 11. In contrast to the embodiments shown and described above, in the Fig. 15 In the illustrated embodiment, the connector 13 or the formwork skin 12 and the formwork support 11 cannot be separated solely by applying a tensile force in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the formwork skin 12. To separate the connector 13, it is necessary to engage a separation tool 16 with the formwork skin element 132 in order to elastically deform it in certain areas. Fig. 15 The bottom section shows the same embodiment of a formwork skin element 132 as in Fig. 10 to be seen. For the formwork skin 12, the formwork skin adapter 14a and the formwork skin element 132, reference should therefore be made to the description at Fig. 10 referred. In the Fig. 15 In the illustrated state, the connecting head 1322 is inserted into a recess in the frame 111, and there is a positive fit between the bending sections 13221 and the recess in the frame 111. On the opposite side of the frame 11, another recess is arranged, through which the cutting tool 16 is inserted. This cutting tool 16 has a recess with a cylindrical cross-section inside. In the illustrated embodiment, the cutting tool 16 is formed by a cylindrical tube section. The downward-facing end of the cutting tool 16 is partially guided over the connecting head 1322. The edge region of the cylindrical recess in the cutting tool 16 rests against a tool contact surface 13221a of each bending section 13221. In the illustrated embodiment, the tool contact surface 13221a is identical to the insertion surface 132211.The tool mounting surface 13221a is inclined here to the central axis of the formwork element 132 and the cutting tool 16. Starting from the point shown in . Fig. 15 In the depicted state, if a force is applied to the cutting tool 16 in the direction of the downward-pointing arrow in the illustration, the engagement between the lower edge of the cutting tool 16 and the tool contact surfaces 13221a generates a radially inward force on each bending area 13221 relative to the central axis of the formwork skin element 132. These forces are symbolized by two arrows pointing toward the central axis. These radially acting forces elastically bend the bending areas 13221 inward, thereby releasing the positive locking between the connecting head 1322 and the recess in the frame 111. If the cutting tool 16 is subsequently moved downward in one direction as shown in the illustration, the formwork skin element 132 is pushed out of the formwork support 11 without being damaged. After removal of the cutting tool 16, the bending areas 13221 elastically return to their original shape, which is then... Fig. 15The connector 13, or the formwork panel element 132, can thus be reversibly separated from the formwork support 11 in this embodiment as well, and therefore reused multiple times. Should wear occur on the formwork panel element 132 after repeated use, it can be easily replaced in the formwork panel adapter 14a, as described for the other embodiments. The handling of the cutting tool 16 in the illustrated embodiment is very simple, as it is simply inserted into a recess on the side of the formwork support 11 facing away from the formwork panel 12 and then subjected to a force in the direction of the formwork panel 12. This force can be applied, for example, by striking the end of the cutting tool 16 protruding from the formwork support 11 with a hammer. In this way, the formwork panel 12 can be quickly removed from the formwork support 11 and, if necessary, replaced.

Claims

1. A formwork module (1) for a formwork for a building part, comprising - at least one formwork carrier (11), - and at least one formwork shell (12), wherein at least one connector (13) is situated between the formwork carrier (11) and the formwork shell (12), and the connector (13) comprises at least one carrier element (131) which is fastened on or in the formwork carrier (11), and at least one formwork shell element (132) which is fastened in or on the formwork shell (12); and the carrier element (131) and the formwork shell element (132) can be reversibly interconnected and form the connector (13) by means of which the formwork shell (12) can be reversibly connected to the formwork carrier (11), wherein the reversible connection between the carrier element (131) and the formwork shell element (132) is separable by applying a force in the normal direction to the formwork shell (12) directed away from the formwork carrier (11) which is larger than a threshold separation force, wherein the threshold separation force is a normal force, and connectable by applying a force in the normal direction to the formwork shell (12) directed towards the formwork carrier (11) which is larger than a threshold connecting force, wherein the threshold connecting force is a normal force, and the formwork shell (12) is configured in a panel-shape and has a concrete side (121) which, in use of the formwork module (1), faces the building part to be constructed, and that the formwork shell (12) has a mounting side (122) located opposite of the concrete side (121) which faces the formwork carrier (11), wherein the formwork shell element (132) includes a formwork shell attachment portion (1323) which is connected to the formwork shell (12), and the connection between the formwork shell element (132) and formwork shell (12) is configured to be detachable, wherein a formwork shell adapter (14a) is disposed between the formwork shell element (132) and the formwork shell (12), wherein the formwork shell adapter (14a) is a component which facilitates detaching and connecting the formwork shell element (132) from / to the formwork shell (12), and the formwork shell adapter (14a) remains on or in the formwork shell (12) when the formwork shell element (132) is exchanged, wherein the formwork carrier (11) has a frame (111), and that the carrier element (131) is disposed on or in the frame (111) on its side facing the formwork shell (12), wherein the formwork shell adapter (14a) is form-closed connected to the formwork shell (12), characterised in that the formwork shell element (132) and the formwork shell adapter (14a) are disposed on or in the mounting side (122), wherein the formwork shell adapter (14a) is insertable into the formwork shell (12) on the mounting side (122) of the formwork shell by a movement parallel to the mounting side (122) of the formwork shell (12), and, in the state inserted into the formwork shell (12), there is a form-closed connection between the formwork shell (12) and the formwork shell adapter (14a) in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side (122), wherein the formwork shell (12), in a side view from a direction perpendicular to the mounting side (122), has a recess having an undercut, and the formwork shell adapter (14a) is inserted into the recess, wherein a section of the formwork shell adapter (14a) is disposed in the undercut of the recess, and thus a form-closed connection between the formwork shell (12) and the formwork shell adapter (14a) is provided in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side (122).

2. The formwork module (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that a plurality of formwork shell elements (132) are disposed on a mounting side (122) of the formwork shell (12), and a plurality of carrier elements (131) are disposed on the side of the formwork carrier (11) facing the formwork shell (12), and in that, therefore, a plurality of connectors (13) is provided, wherein the connectors (13) are unevenly distributed across the formwork shell (12) and the formwork carrier (11), wherein, particularly, a higher number of connectors (13) per surface area is situated in the peripheral portion and / or at the edges than in the central area of the formwork shell (12) and the formwork carrier (11) and / or wherein the connectors (13) have different threshold separation forces, and connectors (13a) having higher threshold separation forces are located in the peripheral portion and / or at the edges, and connectors (13b) having lower threshold separation forces are located in the central area of the formwork shell (12) and the formwork carrier (11), wherein, particularly, the connectors (13a, 13b) are based on the same or different operating principles.

3. The formwork module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the carrier element (131) is formed by a section of the formwork carrier (11), wherein, particularly, the carrier element (131) is formed by a recess in the formwork carrier (11).

4. The formwork module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the formwork shell adapter (14a) has a recess having an undercut into which the formwork shell element (132) is reversibly insertable, wherein this reversible connection of the formwork shell element (132) to the formwork shell adapter (14a) is at least partly established by a form-closed connection of a section of the formwork shell element (132) to the undercut of the recess in the formwork shell adapter (14a), and the form-closed connection between the formwork shell element (132) and the formwork shell adapter (14a) can be established and released by a linear movement of the formwork shell element (132) relative to the formwork shell adapter (14a) in a direction parallel to the mounting side (122), or the form-closed connection between the formwork shell element (132) and the formwork shell adapter (14a) can be established and released by a rotating movement of the formwork shell element (132) relative to the formwork shell adapter (14a) about a rotational axis oriented perpendicular to the mounting side (122).

5. The formwork module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the formwork shell element (132) includes a shaft (1321) and a connector head (1322), wherein the formwork shell element (132) is connected to the formwork shell (12) at one end of the shaft (1321), and the connector head (1322) is connected to the end of the shaft (1321) located opposite of the formwork shell (12), and the connector head (1322) has at least one bending portion (13221) which is elastically deformable relative to the shaft (1321).

6. The formwork module (1) according to claim 5, characterised in that the bending portion (13221) has at least one insertion surface (132211) and at least one separation surface (132212), wherein, when the formwork shell element (122) is connected to the carrier element (131), the insertion surface (132211), at least in sections, abuts on the carrier element (131), and, when the connection of the formwork shell element (132) to the carrier element (131) is released, the separation surface (132212), at least in sections, abuts on the carrier element (131), wherein, particularly, the insertion surface (132211) and the separation surface (132212) are positioned at an angle, particularly at different angles, to the central axis of the shaft (1321).

7. The formwork module (1) according to one of the claims 5 or 6, characterised in that the carrier element (131) is configured to be rigid and has a cavity (1311) substantially corresponding to the shape and size of the connector head (1322), and the carrier element (131) has an insertion recess (1312) connecting an outer surface of the carrier element (131) to the cavity (1311), wherein the inner diameter of the insertion recess (1312) is smaller than the largest inner diameter of the cavity (1311) and / or the insertion recess (1312) has at least one bushing insertion surface (13121) on its side facing the outer surface of the carrier element (131) and at least one bushing separation surface (13122) on its side facing the cavity (1311), wherein the bushing insertion surface (13121) and the bushing separation surface (13122) are positioned at an angle, particularly at different angles, to the central axis of the insertion recess (1312).

8. The formwork module (1) according to one of the claims 5 to 6, characterised in that the carrier element (131) is configured to be rigid and has a gripping portion (1316) substantially corresponding to the shape and size of a bending recess (13222) in the connector head (1322) adjacent to a bending portion (13221), wherein the gripping portion (1316) protrudes beyond adjoining sections of the carrier element (131) adjacent to it, and the carrier element (131) has a bending portion accommodation (1317) at least partly enclosing the gripping portion (1316) adjacent to the gripping portion (1316), and the bending portion accommodation (1317) at least partly accommodates the bending portion (13221) of the formwork shell element (132) when the connector (13) is connected, and the carrier element (131) comprises a bottom portion (1320) configured to be planar at least in sections which is substantially oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the gripping portion (1316), and the bottom portion (1320) abuts on a support panel (112) or the frame (111) of the formwork carrier (11) in a planar manner, and the carrier element (131) has an attachment portion (1319) at least partly disposed in the gripping portion (1316), wherein the attachment portion (1319) is provided for fastening the carrier element (131) to the frame (111) or to a support panel (112), wherein, particularly, the attachment portion (1319) comprises at least one recess which extends completely through the carrier element (131) in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side (122).

9. The formwork module (1) according to claim 8, characterised in that the carrier element (131) is inserted into a recess in a support panel, wherein the bottom portion (1320) of the carrier element (131) abuts on a boundary surface of the recess in the support panel (112) in a planar manner, and the carrier element (131), together with the support panel (112), is fastened to the frame (111) of the formwork carrier (11) by means of a fastening element, wherein the fastening element is passed through the attachment portion (1319) or is part of the attachment portion (1319).

10. The formwork module (1) according to one of the claims 8 or 9, characterised in that, in a plan view of the carrier element (131) from a direction perpendicular to the mounting side (122), the gripping portion (1316) and the bending portion accommodation (1317) have a circular shape and are positioned concentrically relative to each other, wherein, particularly, the attachment portion (1319) is positioned concentrically to the gripping portion (1316) and to the bending portion accommodation (1317).

11. The formwork module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the formwork carrier (11) comprises at least one support panel (112) which is connected to the frame (111), wherein the support panel (112) is provided for the connection to the formwork shell (12), and at least one carrier element (131) of at least one connector (13) is situated on or in the support panel (112), wherein, particularly, the support panel (112) is detachable from the frame (111) and therefore configured to be exchangeable.

12. A use of a connector (13) in a formwork module (1) according to one of the preceding claims for detachably connecting a formwork carrier (11) to a formwork shell (12).

13. A method for connecting a formwork shell (12) to a formwork carrier (11) of a formwork module (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps a) positioning the formwork shell (12) relative to the formwork carrier (11), wherein the at least one formwork shell element (132) is aligned in axial alignment with the at least one carrier element (131), b) applying a normal force to the formwork shell (12) in direction of the formwork carrier (11), wherein the normal force is larger than the sum of the threshold connecting force of all connectors (13) between the formwork shell (12) and the formwork carrier (11), c) moving the formwork shell (12) towards the formwork carrier (11) in the normal direction to the formwork shell (12) until the formwork shell (12) abuts on the formwork carrier (11) in a planar manner.

Images