Structural unit for manufacturing a concrete foundation, use and method

Abstract

A construction unit for producing a concrete foundation, in particular for a parasol, a use of a construction unit for producing a concrete foundation, and a method for producing a concrete foundation. A construction unit (1) for producing a concrete foundation, in particular for a parasol, comprises an outer frame (10) made of sheet metal, which serves as permanent formwork for concrete to be poured into the outer frame (10). The construction unit further comprises several reinforcing bars (20) arranged inside the outer frame (10). A first end (21) of each reinforcing bar (20) is attached to a first region (11) of the outer frame (10), and a second end (22) of the reinforcing bar (20), opposite the first end (21), is attached to a second region (12) of the outer frame (10). The construction unit can be pre-configured and supplied cost-effectively, ready for use on the construction site.The construction unit prevents errors during construction and increases the quality of the manufactured concrete foundations.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a construction unit and a system for producing a concrete foundation for a parasol, a use of a construction unit for producing a concrete foundation, and a method for producing a concrete foundation.

[0002] Freestanding objects such as parasols, lampposts, playground equipment, and the like are usually anchored in the ground with concrete foundations to ensure a permanent and secure hold. However, the design and construction of such foundations involves considerable effort and potential errors that, in the worst case, can negatively affect the load-bearing capacity and durability of the foundation.

[0003] The arrangement of suitable formwork elements, as well as their removal after concreting, requires space on the construction site, as the respective excavations must be correspondingly larger than the required foundation. Furthermore, these tasks take time, which increases costs. The same applies to the installation of the reinforcement. This requires specialized expertise, as incorrect placement of the reinforcing bars can severely compromise the load-bearing capacity and durability of the foundation.

[0004] Especially for items that are not installed in very large quantities, the concrete foundations to be constructed must be individually designed, formwork and reinforcement plans developed, and the work carried out by trained specialists. This is the case, for example, with large-scale sunshades for commercial applications, playground equipment, and custom-made items. Special requirements also arise when the building site is not naturally occurring soil, but rather when spatial constraints must be considered, such as in inner-city areas between utility lines, pipes, and conduits, or in the immediate vicinity of other structures, such as on roof terraces, above underground parking garages, and the like. Therefore, there is a need to simplify the construction of such concrete foundations.

[0005] WO 2020 / 165 877 A1 describes an internally reinforced permanent formwork for floor slabs. The permanent formwork comprises vertical outer panels made of plastic, fiberglass, cement, foam, or rubber, into which concrete is poured. KR 102 269 128 B1 and KR 102 269 140 B1 describe an assembly structure that is coupled to a U-shaped permanent formwork for reinforced concrete beams for the purpose of assembly and transport. The assembly structure bears the loads of the permanent formwork as well as the loads of the floor slab being produced. DD 278 615 A1 describes a prefabricated shell that serves as permanent formwork for the production of reinforced concrete columns. The shell is centrifugally produced and contains main reinforcement and stirrups. Shear reinforcement, which serves as reinforcement for the concrete to be poured in place, is formed by diagonal bars. These are welded to the main reinforcement. The diagonal bars are each connected to a longitudinal bar.EP 0 834 624 A1 discloses a prefabricated formwork element serving as permanent formwork, comprising two formwork walls spaced apart. At least one formwork wall is designed as an insulating panel. CN 103 556 648A relates to a movable steel box foundation with a box-shaped column, an I-beam, and a steel plate, wherein the box-shaped column and the four I-beams are fastened together, and the steel plate and the box-shaped column or the steel beams are connected to form an outer protective structure. EP 0 054 276 A1 discloses a method for manufacturing machine stands in which a sheet metal skin supported by sand is filled with concrete. The sheet metal skin protects the concrete and absorbs tensile forces during operation.

[0006] The object of the invention is to provide a construction unit, a use, a method, and a system that enable the particularly simple, technically less complex, and less error-prone production of a concrete foundation for an object. In particular, the object of the invention is to at least partially overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art.

[0007] The problem is solved by the assembly according to claim 1 and by the use, method, and system according to the dependent claims. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims.

[0008] To solve the problem, a construction unit is used to create a concrete foundation for a parasol. The unit comprises an outer frame made of sheet metal, which serves as permanent formwork for the concrete to be poured into it. The unit also includes several reinforcing bars arranged inside the outer frame. One end of each reinforcing bar is attached to a first section of the outer frame, and the opposite end is attached to a second section of the outer frame.

[0009] The formwork unit can be configured and manufactured ready for use on the construction site. After a one-time design phase, the unit can be produced cost-effectively and in large quantities. Standardized formwork units for foundations can be provided for specific objects or requirements, eliminating the need for individual design for each application. Only relatively small excavations are required, as the formwork unit serves as permanent formwork. Errors in formwork construction and reinforcement placement are eliminated. Stripping the formwork is unnecessary.

[0010] The reinforcing bars serve to reinforce the concrete to be poured into the outer frame. According to the invention, the reinforcing bars, by being firmly attached to the outer frame, also provide mechanical stabilization for the building unit. This results in a compact and transportable building unit.

[0011] The construction unit according to the invention is a permanent formwork for producing a component from cast-in-place concrete, which is pre-configured as a complete unit including the necessary reinforcing bars. The construction unit serves to produce a concrete foundation by concreting on the construction site. Permanent formwork is formwork that is not removed after concreting. Thus, the construction unit is typically positioned at the location where the foundation is to be produced before concreting. After concreting and hardening of the concrete, the foundation is completed and the construction unit remains in place. The fact that additional elements for sealing and / or supplementing the construction unit may be required for concreting, for example, a level substrate in the case of a construction unit open at the bottom according to the invention or a supplementary unit for extending the construction unit, does not impair the function of the construction unit as permanent formwork.The construction unit serves to create a foundation for an object, particularly a freestanding object. An object could be, for example: a sunshade and / or umbrella, a lamppost, a traffic light pole, a mast for an overhead line, another type of mast, a Christmas tree or a suitable support for one, a small wind turbine, an air conditioner, especially the outdoor unit of a split air conditioner, playground equipment, or similar items. Several construction units, and therefore several foundations, may be required for a single object, for example, in the case of playground equipment such as a swing or slide. Typically, the construction unit is not used to construct a building or part of a building.

[0012] The outer frame serves as at least a partial boundary for the volume to be filled with concrete. The outer frame may have recesses that must be closed or fitted with separate elements before concreting to achieve a circumferential boundary. According to the invention, the outer frame is arranged circumferentially around the volume to be filled with concrete. It thus forms at least a circumferential wall that radially and laterally limits the volume to be concreted. The outer frame therefore confines the concrete foundation to be produced both during concreting and after the concrete has hardened, thus protecting the foundation. In particular, the outer frame is rectangular or square in shape. However, other shapes, such as a circular shape, are also possible. The outer frame is specifically composed of several typically plate-shaped parts.The outer frame typically has main surfaces that are particularly flat, so that the concrete surfaces to be produced, which are bounded by it, are also flat.

[0013] Position-related specifications such as horizontal, vertical, length, height, or width refer to the orientation of the assembly when used as intended for concreting. The assembly is positioned on a substantially flat surface, which may, at least in some areas, serve as the lower boundary for the concrete to be poured. The main surfaces of the outer frame are essentially vertically oriented. A mounting interface for attaching the unit may be present, particularly at the top.

[0014] The reinforcing bars are located, at least substantially, or in other words, for the most part, inside the outer frame. It is not impossible, however, that one or more reinforcing bars may protrude slightly beyond the outer frame, for example by a few millimeters to centimeters.

[0015] A first end of a reinforcing bar is attached to a first region of the outer frame. A second end of the reinforcing bar is attached to a second region of the outer frame. This means that the reinforcing bar is attached to the respective region at its end face. It is not necessarily the end face of the reinforcing bar that is used for the attachment. In particular, the attachment point is less than 10%, and preferably less than 5%, of the longitudinal extent of the reinforcing bar from its outermost point. This results in a particularly compact structural unit.

[0016] Each reinforcing bar is attached to two different areas of the outer frame. These can be opposite areas of the outer frame. The two opposite areas are aligned parallel to each other. This ensures a particularly strong attachment of the reinforcing bars to the outer frame and provides a compact, rigid structural unit. The reinforcing bars are linear in shape and are typically made of steel. They can have a diameter between 4 mm and 30 mm, preferably between 8 mm and 15 mm.

[0017] In one embodiment, at least two groups of reinforcing bars are present. Each group comprises several reinforcing bars arranged parallel to one another. The reinforcing bars of one group are not parallel, in particular not perpendicular, to the reinforcing bars of another group. In particular, there are two groups whose reinforcing bars intersect each other.

[0018] Of course, in addition to the reinforcing bars attached as described, further reinforcing bars may be present that are not attached or are attached in a different way. For example, additional bent reinforcing bars and / or reinforcing mats may be present. These may be separate or attached to the outer frame, or capable of being attached.

[0019] The outer frame is formed from at least one sheet metal part. In particular, the outer frame is composed of several sheet metal parts. The sheet metal has a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 6 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm.

[0020] In one embodiment, the reinforcing bars are thermally insulated and attached to the outer frame. This prevents the formation of thermal bridges when the concrete foundation is constructed on or within a building. An intermediate layer, for example made of plastic, can be placed between the reinforcing bar and the outer frame. In particular, the reinforcing bar is then attached to the outer frame using a screw and / or clamp connection.

[0021] In one embodiment, the outer frame is composed of several essentially plate-shaped sheet metal parts. The sheet metal parts have a basic plate-like shape. Plate-shaped sheet metal parts can essentially lie in a plane. In other words, the extent of each sheet metal part in a principal plane is at least ten times greater than perpendicular to that plane. The essentially plate-like design is not precluded by the fact that the sheet metal parts may have elements projecting out of the plane, such as inwardly projecting sections of the assembly or an edge protection element. For example, a rectangular or square outer frame can be composed of four sheet metal parts, with adjacent parts being perpendicular to each other.

[0022] The sheet metal parts are typically permanently and / or rigidly connected to one another. This provides a stiff and transportable assembly. For example, the sheet metal parts are connected by means of plugging, tack welding, riveting, and / or welding. In one embodiment, the connection is permanent. In particular, each reinforcing bar is attached to two different and preferably opposing sheet metal parts.

[0023] In one embodiment, four sheet metal parts are provided, each arranged at a 90° angle to one another, forming a rectangular or square assembly. This provides a particularly versatile and simply constructed assembly. Angle specifications in the present invention allow for deviations of ±5°.

[0024] In one embodiment, the assembly has a height that corresponds to between 10% and 50%, in particular between 20% and 40%, of the width and / or length of the assembly. For example, the sheet metal parts have corresponding dimensions.

[0025] In one embodiment, the assembly has a maximum length of 3.80 m, particularly 2.40 m. In another embodiment, the assembly has a maximum width of 3.80 m, particularly 2.40 m. A maximum length and width of 3.80 m has proven sufficient for the vast majority of applications and is still transportable. A maximum length and width of 2.40 m is still sufficient for most applications and can be transported particularly easily by truck on the road. In one embodiment, the maximum width is 2.00 m. This is still sufficient for many applications, and in this way, the assembly can be transported by flatbed truck. In one embodiment, the assembly has a maximum length and / or width of 1.60 m, particularly 1.20 m. In this way, the assembly can also be transported manually over short distances.The building unit can have a rectangular or square base shape.

[0026] In one embodiment, the reinforcing bars are designed and fastened in such a way that they hold the sections of the outer frame in position during the concreting process. Specifically, the first and second sections of the outer frame are mechanically connected to each other and thus held in position relative to one another. In this way, the structural unit itself can provide the necessary stiffness of the outer frame for concreting. In particular, the reinforcing bars are attached to the sheet metal components in such a way that they can withstand tensile stress and / or absorb the outward forces exerted on the outer frame by the liquid concrete during concreting. Preferably, the reinforcing bars are secured against being pulled out of the outer frame inwards, and especially outwards, by frictional, positive, and / or material-bonded connections.In this way, the outer frame is mechanically relieved of stress and can therefore be made thinner. Overall, this results in a cost-effective, lightweight, and easily transportable building unit. Furthermore, no additional structure outside the outer frame is required for concreting – no assembly structure, no additional outer frame, and no supports.

[0027] In one embodiment, a plurality of parallel-oriented reinforcing bars are present, wherein several reinforcing bars of the plurality are arranged at essentially the same height, and at least one reinforcing bar of the plurality, and in particular several reinforcing bars of the plurality, are arranged at a different height. In other words, reinforcing bars are arranged in different planes. In this way, a spatial arrangement of the reinforcing bars is achieved such that they create connections between the areas of the outer frame at different heights, thereby increasing the strength and flexural stiffness of the structural unit. This results in a particularly compact structural unit.

[0028] In one embodiment, a first plurality of parallel reinforcing bars is provided, arranged at different heights as described, and a second plurality of parallel reinforcing bars is provided, also arranged at different heights as described, wherein the reinforcing bars of the second plurality are not parallel, in particular not perpendicular, to the reinforcing bars of the first plurality. Specifically, the reinforcing bars of the second plurality run in planes parallel to the reinforcing bars of the first plurality. The first height of the first plurality can essentially correspond to the first height of the second plurality, and / or the second height of the first plurality can essentially correspond to the second height of the second plurality.Since the reinforcing bars of the first and second multiples intersect, their height positions differ slightly, for example by at most twice the diameter of the reinforcing bars and in particular by at most the diameter of the reinforcing bars.

[0029] In one embodiment, the reinforcing bars are permanently connected to the outer frame, in particular by welding. This allows for a particularly simple, cost-effective, and strong connection. A permanent connection within the meaning of the invention refers to a connection that cannot be broken without damaging the structure.

[0030] In one embodiment, the outer frame has several projecting tabs. These tabs project from or away from a main plane of extension of the respective area of ​​the outer frame. The tabs project inwards. One end of a reinforcing bar is attached to each tab.

[0031] The tabs project from a main surface of the outer frame, particularly inwards. The tabs project from the main surface of the frame at an angle of between 80° and 100°. This allows for a particularly simple and secure attachment of the reinforcing bar. It also compensates for tolerances in the length of the reinforcing bar. The reinforcing bar is welded to the tab. Typically, the tab runs essentially parallel to the longitudinal extent of the reinforcing bar. The reinforcing bar is welded to the respective tabs, particularly with its radial outer surface in the region of its ends. A tab has a length projecting from the main surface of the outer frame of between 1 cm and 5 cm, preferably between 1.5 cm and 3 cm.

[0032] In one embodiment, the sheet metal part has at least one opening adjacent to the tab. In another embodiment, the tab and / or the opening is produced by a cutting process and / or by bending. The tab can be formed, for example, by separating a section of the sheet metal, e.g., by punching, cutting, laser cutting, or flame cutting, and typically by bending the separated section out of the plane of the sheet metal around an un-separated section of the sheet metal. For instance, a U-shaped parting line can be produced to create a tab with the contour of a "U".

[0033] In one embodiment, intersecting reinforcing bars are firmly connected to one another, in particular by welding. Specifically, the intersecting reinforcing bars are connected in the area of ​​the intersection or overlap. This prevents parallelogram-shaped deformation of the structural unit and thus achieves particularly high stiffness. In this way, a particularly stiff structural unit can be created with small dimensions for the outer wall, the reinforcing bars, the connection points of the reinforcing bars to the outer wall, and, if necessary, the connections between the individual parts of the outer wall.

[0034] In the embodiment according to the invention, preferably one top surface of the assembly, but in any case also one bottom surface, is substantially open. With an open bottom surface, the lost formwork can be placed on a flat surface before concreting. This can be, for example, a layer of bitumen or plastic, such as that used for the top waterproofing of underground parking garages and similar structures. An open top surface ensures easy concreting. "Substantially open" means that less than 20% of the horizontal cross-section of the concrete body to be produced is covered or sealed. In this way, the assembly can be manufactured particularly easily and with a particularly low weight.

[0035] In one embodiment, the assembly has inwardly projecting sections on a top and / or bottom surface of the sheet metal parts. These sections are arranged at least at the edges of the sheet metal parts. In particular, each section is arranged substantially perpendicular to a principal plane of extension of the respective sheet metal part. Tolerances of ± 10° are permitted. In other words, each section is horizontally oriented during normal use. Preferably, the sections of adjacent sheet metal parts are connected to one another.

[0036] Therefore, sections may be present in the edge regions of the sheet metal parts where the sheet metal parts are mechanically connected to one another. An edge region of a sheet metal part is, in a side view of the assembly or in a top view of the sheet metal part, an outer area located on the right or left side of the sheet metal part. In particular, the edge region comprises the outer 5% of the length of the sheet metal part. The sections run parallel to or along the top surface of the sheet metal parts and the assembly. Such connections may be provided at the top and / or bottom. These connections may be the only connections between the sheet metal parts, or additional connections may be present between the top and bottom surfaces. The sheet metal parts can therefore be connected to one another at multiple points. This provides a particularly rigid assembly in a simple manner.

[0037] In one embodiment, each sheet metal part has a fastening element at an edge region for mechanically attaching an adjacent sheet metal part. The fastening element can, for example, comprise a tab that is oriented substantially parallel to the adjacent sheet metal part and can be attached to the adjacent sheet metal part with suitable fasteners. All features and advantages mentioned in connection with tabs for attaching a reinforcing bar can also apply to the tab for attaching the sheet metal part. Blind rivets, for example, can be used as fasteners, enabling simple, quick, and secure attachment. In particular, at least two tabs are provided at different height positions on the sheet metal part.

[0038] In one embodiment, the building unit has an edge protection element arranged essentially around its top and / or bottom surface to protect at least one edge of the concrete foundation to be constructed. In particular, the edge protection element is essentially horizontally oriented and / or projects inwards from a plate-shaped part.

[0039] Essentially continuous means that there are no or only minor interruptions. Interruptions with a total length of less than 5% of the total length of the edge protection element are tolerated. In particular, the edge protection element is composed of several sub-elements, each of which is part of a sheet metal section. Preferably, the sub-elements abut each other essentially seamlessly or overlap. In particular, a continuous surface is formed on the top and / or bottom of the outer frame by the respective edge protection element. In other words, the edge protection element is arranged essentially over the entire length of the sheet metal sections. This ensures that the edges of the concrete body to be produced are mechanically protected. Due to their exposed position and the brittle properties of the concrete, the edges are particularly susceptible to damage.Edge protection can therefore significantly contribute to a long service life of the foundation.

[0040] In one embodiment, the sections and / or sub-elements of the edge protection element are firmly connected to the respective sheet metal part, in particular manufactured integrally with the sheet metal part. The sections and / or sub-elements can be produced by bending, folding, or flanging an outer area of ​​the respective sheet metal part extending from its main plane and can accordingly be referred to as a fold or standing seam. Each section and / or the edge protection element typically has a width projecting from the main plane of the sheet metal part of between 1 cm and 10 cm, preferably between 2 cm and 5 cm. In one embodiment, such elements fulfill both the function of edge protection and the function of joining the sheet metal plates.

[0041] In particular, the at least one section and / or the sub-element has a width, measured in plan view of the assembly, that corresponds to between 1% and 10%, preferably between 2% and 5%, of the total width or length of the assembly. In particular, the at least one section and / or the sub-element has a width, measured in plan view of the assembly, that corresponds to between 5% and 30%, preferably between 10% and 20%, of the height of the assembly.

[0042] In one embodiment, at least one section and / or the edge protection element has through-holes for venting during concreting. This ensures that the concrete can move from below and fully coat the sections during concreting, creating a uniform and flawless edge. The through-holes are oriented approximately perpendicular to the orientation of the respective section or edge protection element. Specifically, through-holes are distributed around the circumference and / or arranged at regular intervals to ensure uniform venting.

[0043] In one embodiment, corresponding holes are also present in the section located on the underside. In another embodiment, at least two, and in particular all, plate-shaped sheet metal parts are identical. This allows for cost savings, as only a few different components are needed to manufacture the assembly.

[0044] In one embodiment, the assembly unit comprises at least one mounting part with a mounting interface for mounting an object to be supported by the foundation. The mounting part is attached to the outer frame or can be attached there. In particular, the mounting part is designed such that it is located, or can be located, at least partially inside the outer frame.

[0045] A mounting component is a part to which an object to be supported by the concrete foundation can be mounted or attached after the concrete has been poured. For this purpose, a mounting component generally provides a mounting interface. For example, the mounting component can include a perforated surface to which the object, such as a sleeve for a parasol pole, can be screwed. The mounting interface can be of any shape and may include one or more holes, one or more features, and / or one or more fasteners. In addition to the mounting interface, the mounting component typically has a base for attachment to the outer frame.

[0046] The attachment of the mounting component to the outer frame secures its position during the concreting process. The mounting component can be attached directly or indirectly, i.e., by means of several interconnected parts. After the concrete has hardened, the mounting component is typically held primarily by the concrete itself. The mounting component can be composed of several parts that are connected or connectable to one another.

[0047] In one embodiment, the mounting component comprises a cross-shaped support structure made of two interconnected steel beams. Support elements such as threaded rods or a sleeve can be attached to existing or newly created holes in the support structure, for example, to position and secure a parasol with exceptional precision and variability. The holes and / or the support elements can serve as mounting interfaces.

[0048] In one embodiment, the mounting part is made of steel and / or includes a steel component. This allows for a particularly stable attachment of the object. Specifically, the mounting part has holes as mounting interfaces. This enables a particularly simple, reversible connection of the object, which can be implemented in different positions, for example, using screws. In one embodiment, at least part of the mounting part, particularly comprising the mounting interface, is arranged on or above the top of the assembly, so that it remains visible after the concrete has been poured. This facilitates the installation of the object. In another embodiment, the mounting part includes a mounting base. A load-bearing object can be mounted onto this base after the concrete has been poured. This allows the height of the mounting surface accessible after the concrete has been poured to be adjusted easily and precisely to meet the requirements.For example, it can be placed directly on the concrete surface.

[0049] In one embodiment, several different mounting positions are available, and at least one mounting part can be attached to the outer frame in each of these positions. This allows for flexible positioning of the mounting part.

[0050] In one embodiment, the assembly comprises two mounting parts. Several different mounting positions are available, and at least one of the two mounting parts can be attached in each of these positions. This allows a single assembly to be used for different applications, as the mounting parts can be arranged in different positions relative to each other.

[0051] This design of the construction unit is suitable, for example, for the installation of playground equipment. A slide is typically attached at four points, with two points located near the ladder and two points near the slide itself. Using two construction units and the different mounting positions, concrete foundations for a wide variety of slides can be created in this way.

[0052] In one embodiment, the assembly comprises a rail, and at least one mounting part can be attached to the rail in several different positions. This allows for various mounting positions in a simple manner.

[0053] In one embodiment, the assembly has a rail, and at least one mounting part is slidable on the rail. In particular, the assembly has a sliding element that is slidable on the rail. This allows for particularly simple and stepless positioning. Furthermore, positioning and assembly errors are largely eliminated, since the mounting part can preferably be pre-attached to the rail in a captive manner and does not need to be removed from the rail for positioning.

[0054] Only the attachment to the rail, for example to the rail itself, needs to be completed after positioning. This attachment can be achieved, for example, using screws that create a clamping connection between the rail and the sliding element. The sliding element can comprise a first sliding plate with a first surface and a second sliding plate, separate from the first, with a second surface. The two sliding plates can be connected to each other and fixed in their relative position, for example, by screws. A section of the rail can be positioned between the two sliding plates. After positioning along the rail, the section of the rail between them can be clamped by fixing the two sliding plates to each other, for example, by tightening the screws, thus securing the sliding element to the rail.

[0055] The rail can have a C-profile. The sliding plates can be held by the rail in such a way that they slide along the longitudinal direction of the rail, but are positively locked against falling out. This further reduces the susceptibility to defects.

[0056] Another aspect of the invention is a method for manufacturing a structural unit, in particular a structural unit according to the invention. This method comprises providing an outer frame made of sheet metal and providing several reinforcing bars. The method further comprises arranging the reinforcing bars inside the outer frame, attaching a first end of each reinforcing bar to a first region of the outer frame, and attaching a second end of the reinforcing bar, opposite the first end, to a second region of the outer frame. In particular, the method includes hot-dip galvanizing the structural unit, typically following the manufacturing steps described above. This provides simple and durable corrosion protection for the entire unit, including the reinforcing bars.All features, embodiments, effects and advantages of the component described above also apply accordingly to the method for manufacturing the component and vice versa.

[0057] In one embodiment, providing the outer frame includes providing several plate-shaped sheet metal parts and assembling the sheet metal parts to form the outer frame, in particular including joining the sheet metal parts together and / or connecting the sheet metal parts to each other by force-fit, form-fit and / or material-fit.

[0058] Another aspect of the invention is the use of a construction unit according to the invention for producing a concrete foundation for a freestanding object, in particular a parasol. The construction unit is positioned in a target position, and in this target position, concrete is poured into the outer frame to produce the concrete foundation.

[0059] In particular, the assembly is transported before positioning, for example by motor vehicle. All features, embodiments, effects and advantages of the assembly described above also apply accordingly to its use and vice versa.

[0060] Another aspect of the invention is a method for producing a concrete foundation for a freestanding object, in particular a parasol. The construction unit according to the invention is used. Concrete is placed in the outer frame to produce the concrete foundation.

[0061] In particular, the construction unit is positioned in a target position before the concrete is poured, and the concrete is poured in this target position. All features, embodiments, effects, and advantages of the construction unit described above, as well as its use, also apply accordingly to the method for producing the concrete foundation, and vice versa.

[0062] Another aspect of the invention is a system for producing a concrete foundation, particularly for a parasol. The system comprises a construction unit according to the invention. The outer frame of the construction unit can have at least one recess for forming a flow path for the concrete to be poured. The system can further comprise at least one extension unit for expanding the construction unit. The extension unit has a coupling interface for connecting to the construction unit and an outer frame. The outer frame serves as permanent formwork for the concrete to be poured into it. In particular, the extension unit is designed as a construction unit according to the invention. The system enables a modular expansion of the construction unit, so that it can be adapted to the requirements of larger objects to be mounted in a simple and less error-prone manner, while the individual parts still remain compact and lightweight.All features, designs, effects and advantages of the component described above also apply to the system and vice versa.

[0063] The structural unit includes, in particular, a coupling area on at least one side of the outer frame to which the extension unit can be connected. The coupling area is generally smaller than the outer frame, so that areas of the outer frame outside the coupling area still serve as permanent formwork for the concrete. The at least one recess allows concrete to flow from the structural unit into the extension unit during concreting, enabling all parts of the system to be filled with concrete in a single operation. A hole or an opening next to a flange is not considered a recess in this sense, as it does not allow sufficient flow of concrete. Specifically, the at least one recess comprises at least 30% of the surface area in the coupling area.In one embodiment, a multitude of recesses are provided between the first and second sections, to which the respective ends of the reinforcing bars of the structural unit are attached. The recesses can be created by removing sections of the outer frame, for example, using laser radiation.

[0064] The coupling refers to any mechanical connection between the supplementary unit and the main unit, in which at least one degree of freedom of relative motion is restricted. In one embodiment, at least two translational degrees of freedom are restricted in two directions, and at least one further translational degree of freedom is restricted in one direction. Additionally, all rotational degrees of freedom may be restricted.

[0065] In one embodiment, the outer frame of the building unit has openings, and the coupling interface comprises rod-shaped elements that project beyond a frame section of the supplementary unit. The system is designed such that the rod-shaped elements can be inserted into the openings to couple the supplementary unit to the building unit. The openings are not formed by the recesses. In particular, the openings are designed such that the rod-shaped elements are not, or only minimally, displaceable within them. For example, the cross-section of the opening is at most 50% larger than the cross-section of the corresponding rod-shaped element. The rod-shaped elements are, in particular, reinforcing bars that project beyond the frame section. The frame section is, in particular, an outer boundary of a frame of the supplementary unit on the side where the coupling to the building unit is to take place.

[0066] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below, also with reference to figures. Features of the exemplary embodiments can be combined individually or in multiples with the claimed subject matter, unless otherwise specified. The claimed scope of protection is not limited to the exemplary embodiments.

[0067] They show: Figure 1: a perspective view of a construction unit, Figure 2: a top view of the construction unit Figure 1 Figure 3: an exploded view of a component, Figure 4: a perspective view of a sheet metal part, Figure 5: a perspective view of another component with two enlarged details K and J, Figure 6: a top view and a side view of the component made of Figure 5 Figure 7: an exploded view of a component unit, Figure 8: a perspective view of another component unit, Figure 9: an enlarged detail G from Figure 8Figure 10: a perspective view of another building unit, Figure 11: an enlarged detail F from Figure 10 Figure 12: an enlarged detail G from Figure 11 Figure 13: a first assembly step, Figure 14: an enlarged detail K from Figure 13 Figure 15: a second assembly step, and Figure 16: an enlarged detail I from Figure 15 .

[0068] Figure 1 Figure 1 shows a structural unit 1 with an outer frame 10 composed of four identical, plate-shaped sheet metal parts 16. The structural unit 1 further comprises a plurality of linearly shaped reinforcing bars 20, each of which is attached at a first end 21 to a first region 11 of the outer frame 10 and at a second end 22 to a second region 12 of the outer frame 10. The attachment corresponds to that shown in Figure 1. Figure 5 the illustrated fastening, which will be discussed further below.

[0069] The reinforcing bars 20 can be divided into two groups, each consisting of bars 20 running parallel to each other. In the figure, the reinforcing bars 20 of one group run from the bottom left to the top right, and the reinforcing bars 20 of the other group run from the top left to the bottom right. Reinforcing bars 20 of different groups that intersect at right angles may be welded together at the point of intersection. Additionally, curved reinforcing bars 70 are present, which are not necessarily connected to the outer frame 10.

[0070] After positioning the construction unit 1 at its target location, concrete is poured into its interior. The outer frame 10 serves as permanent formwork for the concrete. The construction unit 1 is open at the top and bottom and should therefore be placed on a preferably level surface and / or sealed at the bottom before concreting. Concreting is typically carried out such that a surface of the concrete is at the same height as the top 30 of the sheet metal parts 16. The construction unit 1 has a square base with a side length of 94 cm.

[0071] A mounting part 50 in the form of a mounting base 54 is located centrally in the construction unit 1. This has a mounting interface 52 in the form of a multiply perforated round plate that projects beyond the surface of the concrete foundation to be produced and to which the object to be supported can be attached.

[0072] On the upper surface 30 and the lower surface 31 of the sheet metal parts 16, and thus of the outer frame 10, horizontally oriented, inwardly projecting sections 42 are arranged, produced by bending the respective sheet metal parts 16. The sections 42 of adjacent sheet metal parts 16 are cut at an angle and butt against each other. The sections 42 are not only present at the edge regions 40 of the sheet metal parts 16, but are arranged around the perimeter, so that they simultaneously serve as edge protection elements 46, which mechanically protect the outer edges of the concrete foundation after concreting. They have through holes 48 so that air can escape during concreting and the undersides of the edge protection elements 46 can be fully and unobstructedly wetted. Furthermore, each sheet metal part 16 has tabs for fastening an adjacent sheet metal part 16. These tabs are designed analogously to the tabs 18. The openings 17These tabs are located, for example, in the middle of the lower area of ​​the Figure 1 visible and located immediately to the left of the edge between the two sheet metal parts 16 at the edge area 40 of the front left sheet metal part 16 and at the outermost right edge of the right sheet metal part 16. Each tab is permanently connected to the adjacent sheet metal part 16 by at least one blind rivet.

[0073] As in Figure 2As shown, three different mounting positions 56, 57, and 58 are available. Mounting part 50 is positioned in mounting position 58, but can be positioned and fastened in any of the other mounting positions 56, 57, and 58. Multiple mounting parts 50 can also be positioned and fastened in mounting positions 56, 57, and 58. By arranging mounting position 58 in the center, mounting position 56 at three-quarters of its transverse and longitudinal extent, and mounting position 57 at three-quarters of its transverse and longitudinal extent, a large number of central and outer positions for mounting the object can be used by appropriately rotating the assembly 1 about a vertical axis. This allows for particularly flexible use of the assembly 1.

[0074] Each of the mounting positions 56, 57, 58 is formed by a cross-shaped support structure composed of two interconnected steel beams 76. Optionally, the mounting component 50 can be attached to the respective steel beam(s) 76 in different positions.

[0075] Figure 3 shows a construction unit, in particular the construction unit from the Figures 1 and 2 , as an exploded view. Particularly visible are the inwardly projecting tabs 18 for fastening the reinforcing bars 20, the additional reinforcing bars 70 in the area of ​​the three assembly positions, and the bolted connection between the steel beams 76 and the outer frame 10.

[0076] Figure 4 Figure 16 shows a plate-shaped sheet metal part 16 with a multitude of tabs 18 for fastening reinforcing bars. Furthermore, as already mentioned above in relation to the Figure 1As described, on its upper surface 30 and its lower surface 31, respective sections 42 are provided for connection with corresponding sections of adjacent sheet metal parts. These also serve as parts of a circumferential edge protection element 46, provided with through holes 48.

[0077] Figures 5 to 7 show another construction unit 10, which shows great similarities to the Figures 1 to 4 exhibits. To avoid duplication, reference is made to the description above, and the following section focuses particularly on differences. The construction unit 10 from the Figures 5 to 7 It has a rectangular base shape with edge lengths of 60 cm and 120 cm and includes two mounting parts 50 in the form of mounting bases.

[0078] Detail K shows, by way of example, the attachment of a first end 21 of a reinforcing bar 20 to a first section 11 of the outer frame 10. The first end 21 is welded to a tab 18. The tab 18 was produced by cutting or punching a U-shape into the material of the sheet metal part 16 and then bending it around the uncut, virtual connecting line of the two legs of the "U". The first end 21 of the reinforcing bar 20 is permanently attached to the tab 18 produced in this way by one or more welds 72. Detail J shows the permanent attachment of two intersecting reinforcing bars 20, which is also realized by means of one or more welds 72.

[0079] Figure 7Figure 1 shows that the assembly unit 1 comprises two parallel and longitudinally running rails 60. The mounting part 50 includes a sliding element 62 with one upper sliding plate and two lower sliding plates, each lower sliding plate being attached to the upper sliding plate by two screws. Each rail can thus be clamped between one of the lower sliding elements and the upper sliding element to securely attach the mounting part 50 to the rails and / or to the outer frame. The sliding element 62 is pre-mounted on the rails in a captive manner and only allows the mounting part 50 to slide along the rails. This allows the user to position the mounting part 50 as desired, secure it by tightening the screws, and then pour the concrete. This prevents errors.

[0080] Another embodiment of a component 1 according to the invention is described in the Figure 8 and 9 This building unit has an elongated, rectangular base shape with a length of 150 cm and a width of 30 cm. Again, no duplications are used, and reference is made to the description above. As shown in particular in Figure 9 As can be seen, the transverse reinforcing bars 20 are attached at a first end 21 to a first section 11 of the outer frame 10 and at a second end 22 to a second section 12 of the outer frame 10. The longitudinal reinforcing bars can also be attached to the outer frame 10 and / or they can be additional reinforcing bars 70 that are connected to the outer frame differently or not at all.

[0081] The outer frame includes a multiply interrupted support strip 74 on each of its two longitudinal sides. As shown in detail G in particular, the following rests on this support strip: Figure 8The respective ends 21, 22 of the reinforcing bar 20 are attached to the outer frame 20 by at least one weld 72. In other words, the two support strips 74 represent the first section 11 and the second section 12 of the outer frame 20, to which the respective ends 21, 22 of the reinforcing bar 20 are attached. Additional, vertically oriented reinforcing bars 70, which are also welded to the outer frame 10, extend through the aforementioned openings in the support strip 74.

[0082] A system according to the invention is in the Figures 10 to 16 shown. As in Figure 10As can be seen, the centrally arranged building unit 1 is provided on all four sides with respective extension units 84 in order to provide a significantly larger system 80 for the production of a concrete foundation. Each plate-shaped sheet metal part of the outer frame 10 has a coupling area to which a respective extension unit 84 is coupled. The coupling area is slightly smaller than the total area of ​​the respective sheet metal part, so that the surfaces of the sheet metal part located on both sides outside the coupling area continue to serve as permanent formwork for the concrete to be poured.

[0083] The following will refer to the Figures 11, 12 , 14 and 16received. Between the areas of the outer frame 10, in which the reinforcing bars 20 of the structural unit 1 are fastened, recesses 82 are provided. Through these, the concrete automatically flows into the interior of each supplementary unit 84 when it is poured into the interior of the structural unit 1. The coupling interface 86 of the supplementary unit 80 comprises a frame part 88, which is designed in particular according to the coupling area of ​​the structural unit 1. In Figure 11 The corresponding elements of the frame section 88 and the coupling area lie directly adjacent to one another. The coupling interface 86 further comprises a multitude of rod-shaped elements 87 in the form of reinforcing bars that project beyond the frame section 88.

[0084] Each supplementary unit 84 is designed as a structural unit 1 according to the invention and therefore also comprises several reinforcing bars arranged inside the outer frame and attached to corresponding areas of the outer frame. The rod-shaped elements 87 are additionally provided and are not attached to the frame part 88 at their ends, but rather welded to the corresponding tab of the supplementary unit 84 with their outer surface. The structural unit 1 and / or the supplementary unit include, in addition to the tabs, holes dimensioned such that a reinforcing bar 20 and a rod-shaped element can be passed through them during assembly.

[0085] The Figures 13 and 14 show a first assembly step for assembling the system by coupling four supplementary units 84 to a component unit 1 and the Figures 15 and 16The second assembly step is shown. During assembly, the rod-shaped elements 87 of the supplementary units 84 are inserted into the openings 19 in the outer frame 10 of the assembly unit 1 to achieve a coupling. It is possible, but generally not necessary, to secure the supplementary units 84 against being pulled out. Reference symbol list Construction unit 1 outer frame 10 First area 11 Second area 12 sheet metal part 16 opening 17 tab 18 opening 19 Reinforcing bar 20 First End 21 Second ending 22 Top 30 bottom 31 Top 35 bottom 36 Edge area 40 Section 42 Connection 44 Edge protection element 46 Through hole 48 Assembly part 50 Assembly interface 52 Mounting base 54 Mounting position 56, 57, 58 rail 60 Sliding element 62 Additional reinforcing bar 70 weld 72 support strip 74 steel beam 76 system 80 recess 82 Supplementary unit 84 Coupling interface 86 Rod-shaped element 87 frame part 88

Claims

1. Construction unit (1) for producing a concrete foundation for a sunshade, the construction unit (1) comprising - an outer frame (10) made of sheet metal, which serves as lost formwork for concrete to be poured into the outer frame (10), - a plurality of reinforcing bars (20) arranged inside the outer frame (10), a first end (21) of each reinforcing bar (20) being fixed to a first region (11) of the outer frame (10) and a second end (22) of the reinforcing bar (20) opposite the first end (21) being fixed to a second region (12) of the outer frame (10), characterized in that the outer frame (10) forms a circumferential wall which laterally delimits a volume to be concreted towards the outside and is open at the bottom.

2. Construction unit (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the outer frame (10) is composed of a plurality of substantially plate-shaped sheet metal parts (16).

3. Construction unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the construction unit (1) has a maximum length of 3.80 m, in particular of 2.40 m, and a maximum width of 3.80 m, in particular of 2.40 m.

4. Construction unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing bars (20) are designed and fixed in such a way that they hold the regions (11, 12) of the outer frame (10) in position during concreting.

5. Construction unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer frame (10) has a plurality of projecting lugs (18), the lugs (18) projecting in particular inwards, a first end (21) or a second end (22) of a reinforcing bar (20) being attached to each lug (18).

6. Construction unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that intersecting reinforcing bars (20) are present, which are firmly connected to one another in the region of the intersection, in particular are welded to one another.

7. Construction unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the construction unit (1) has, on an upper side (35) and / or on an underside (36) of the construction unit (1), a substantially circumferentially arranged edge protection element (46) for protecting at least one edge of the concrete foundation to be produced.

8. Construction unit (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that an edge protection element (46) has through-holes (48) for venting during concreting.

9. Construction unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the construction unit (1) has at least one mounting part (50) with a mounting interface (52) for mounting an object to be supported by the foundation, wherein the mounting part (50) is or can be fastened to the outer frame (10), in particular wherein the mounting part (50) comprises a mounting base (54) and / or wherein at least a portion of the mounting part (50) is arranged at or above the upper side (35) of the construction unit (1) to remain visible after concreting.

10. Construction unit (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the construction unit (1) comprises two mounting parts (50), wherein several different mounting positions (56, 57, 58) are present and at least one of the two mounting parts (50) can be fixed in each of the mounting positions (56, 57, 58).

11. Construction unit (1) according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the construction unit (1) comprises a rail (60) and at least one mounting part (50) is displaceable on the rail (60).

12. Use of a construction unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11 for producing a concrete foundation for a sunshade, wherein the construction unit (1) is positioned in a target position and concrete is poured into the outer frame (10) in the target position for producing the concrete foundation.

13. Method for producing a concrete foundation for a sunshade, using a construction unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein concrete is poured into the outer frame (10) for producing the concrete foundation.

14. System (80) for producing a concrete foundation for a sunshade, the system comprising - a construction unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the outer frame (10) of the construction unit (1) has at least one recess (82) for forming a flow path for the concrete to be poured, and - an extension unit (84) for extending the construction unit (1), the extension unit (84) having a coupling interface (86) for coupling to the construction unit (1) and an outer frame (10) which serves as a lost formwork for concrete to be poured into the outer frame (10), wherein the extension unit (84) is designed in particular as a construction unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11.

15. System (80) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the outer frame (10) of the construction unit (1) has openings (19) and the coupling interface (86) comprises rod-shaped elements (87) projecting beyond a frame part (88) of the extension unit (84), the system being designed such that the rod-shaped elements (87) can be inserted into the openings (19) in order to couple the extension unit (84) to the construction unit (1).

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