Control of a combustion apparatus

Abstract

Control of a combustion device. Method for controlling a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising a first combustion sensor (9), a second sensor (10, 11), the method comprising the steps of: specifying a first setpoint for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a setpoint of an air-fuel ratio λ and for a first fuel (7); controlling the combustion device (1) to the first setpoint based on the first combustion sensor (9); recording a first signal based on the first combustion sensor (9); recording a second signal based on the second sensor (10, 11); determining a difference between the first and the second signal; assigning the difference to a second fuel (7); if the second fuel (7) is different from the first fuel (7): determining a second setpoint of the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the second fuel (7);and control of the combustion device (1) to the second setpoint based on the first combustion sensor (9).;

Description

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the estimation of fuels in a combustion device. In particular, the present disclosure relates to the estimation of fuels in the form of combustible gases or gas mixtures containing hydrogen.

[0002] Common gas types used in combustion devices include those from the E-gas group (according to EN 437:2009-09) and gases from the B / P-gas group (according to EN 437:2009-09). Like almost all gases from the second gas family (according to EN 437:2009-09), gases from the E-gas group contain methane as their main component. Like all gases from the third gas family (according to EN 437:2009-09), gases from the B / P-gas group are based on propane gas. Mixtures based on methane or propane ultimately represent mixtures of different gas sources that can be used to supply the combustion device. The mixing and combustion of natural gas and hydrogen is becoming increasingly interesting.

[0003] During the combustion of gas mixtures of methane and hydrogen, the measured ionization current changes with increasing hydrogen content if the excess air is kept constant. If the air supply or fan speed or power is controlled to a constant ionization current setpoint for a constant air volume, the air ratio λ changes with a change in the hydrogen content. This also results in a change in the efficiency of the combustion device. Increased levels of undesirable combustion products such as carbon monoxide may also occur.

[0004] Furthermore, a change in the hydrogen content can lead to flashback. The air ratio λ also influences this. The narrower the range of the air ratio λ is maintained during operation, the better / easier it is to prevent flashback.

[0005] In common ionization current control systems, an ionization current setpoint is stored for methane gases depending on the air supply, fan speed, or power. Hydrogen admixtures result in different ionization currents than, for example, pure methane gas. However, due to the small amounts of hydrogen admixtures known to date, only minor deviations in the air ratio λ and thus in the efficiency were observed.

[0006] A patent application DE10030630A1 was filed on June 28, 2000, by Siemens Building Technologies AG, Zurich, CH. The application was published on January 10, 2002.

[0007] DE10030630A1 describes and claims a method for monitoring the speed of a fan. Within the method, the speed of a fan of a combustion device is determined. The determined speed is compared with a reference value. The comparison determines whether the fan is in a sufficiently steady state. If the speed deviates too significantly from the reference value, the measured speed value can be passed on directly. The aim of the method in DE10030630A1 is a practical balance between the greatest possible accuracy in the steady state of the fan on the one hand and errors resulting from dynamic changes on the other.

[0008] European patent EP1154202B2, Control device for a burner, was granted on December 9, 2009 to SIEMENS SCHWEIZ AG, CH. A corresponding patent application EP1154202A2 was filed on April 27, 2001 by SIEMENS BUILDING TECH AG, CH. Application EP1154202A2 was published on November 14, 2001 and claims priority from May 12, 2000. EP1154202B2 discloses and claims a control device for a combustion device using an ionization electrode. The ionization electrode is arranged in the flame region of the combustion device. A controller of the combustion device uses an ionization signal from the ionization electrode to weight first and second control signals. From the control signals thus weighted, the controller generates a control signal for an actuator.

[0009] Another European patent, EP1396681B1, entitled Burner controller and adjustment method for a burner controller, was granted on December 7, 2005, to SIEMENS SCHWEIZ AG, CH. A corresponding patent application, EP1396681A1, was filed on September 4, 2002, by SIEMENS BUILDING TECH AG, CH. The application EP1396681A1 was published on March 10, 2004. EP1396681B1 claims a burner controller for evaluating the signal from a combustion sensor. The combustion sensor can be an ionization electrode in the flame region. The burner controller determines a control signal for a fuel supply or an air supply from the combustion sensor signal.

[0010] Another European patent EP3299718B1, Gas Type Detection, was granted on October 30, 2019, to SIEMENS AG, DE. A corresponding patent application EP3299718A1 was filed on September 21, 2016, by SIEMENS AG, DE. The application EP3299718A1 was published on March 28, 2018. EP3299718B1 claims a method for combusting a fuel from a predetermined fuel group and a computer-readable storage medium with an instruction set for carrying out the method. The method includes determining a fuel supply and a requested power of the combustion device. If the fuel supply and the requested power are outside a range for the safe presence of a fuel, an error signal is generated.

[0011] A patent application DE102018118288A1 was filed on July 27, 2018, by ebm-papst Landshut GmbH, 84030, Landshut, Germany. The application was published on January 30, 2020. DE102018118288A1 deals with a method for monitoring and controlling a burner flame of a heater burner. The method claimed in DE102018118288A1 involves applying two alternating voltages to the ionization electrode. Ionization currents are then measured for the alternating voltages, and their difference is calculated.

[0012] A German patent DE19839160B4, Method and Circuit for Controlling a Gas Burner, was granted on December 23, 2004, to Stiebel Eltron GmbH & Co KG, 37603 Holzminden, DE. A corresponding patent application DE19839160A1 was filed on August 28, 1998, by Stiebel Eltron GmbH & Co KG, 37603 Holzminden, DE. The application DE19839160A1 was published on March 2, 2000. The method claimed in DE19839160B4 involves first and second ionization signals with opposing propagations. Combustion can be interrupted if the first ionization signal deviates too significantly from a control value or the second ionization signal deviates too significantly from a control value.

[0013] The European patent application EP4023941A2 discloses an arrangement for measuring ionization in a combustion chamber of a heating device, wherein two ionization electrodes are provided, each of which is individually connected to an evaluation electronics so that their ionization signals can be evaluated separately.

[0014] The objective of the present disclosure is to control a combustion device, particularly with regard to gases or gas mixtures comprising hydrogen. Furthermore, it is concerned with optimized operation of the combustion device without flashbacks. Summary

[0015] The present disclosure shows a way in which a correction of a target current of a combustion sensor can be made based on data available in the system or based on additional sensor values. The combustion sensor can in particular be a combustion efficiency sensor and / or an ionization electrode. As a result of the correction of the target current, the combustion device keeps the value of the air ratio λ within a narrow tolerance band. The additional sensor values ​​can also originate from a flow sensor arranged in the air supply channel and / or in the fuel supply channel of a combustion device. The additional sensor values ​​can furthermore originate from another combustion sensor, in particular from another ionization electrode. The additional sensor values ​​can also be derived from the valve position in comparison to the burner output.

[0016] Maintaining the air ratio λ within a narrow tolerance band is particularly relevant for combustion devices in which hydrogen is burned. In this case, hydrogen is preferably burned as part of a fuel mixture and / or gas mixture. In particular, the present disclosure shows a way in which the air ratio λ can be maintained within a narrow tolerance band when hydrogen is a significant portion of the fuel mixture. A significant portion of hydrogen in the fuel mixture can be present if the proportion of hydrogen under normal conditions is more than five percent by volume of the fuel mixture. A significant portion of hydrogen in the fuel mixture can be present in particular if the proportion of hydrogen under normal conditions is more than ten percent by volume of the fuel mixture.A significant proportion of hydrogen may also be present in the fuel mixture if the hydrogen content exceeds 20 percent by volume of the fuel mixture under standard conditions. Under standard conditions, the temperature is 273.15 Kelvin and the pressure is 101,325 Pascals.

[0017] The present disclosure further teaches an evaluation of two sensor signals. For this purpose, an index is advantageously determined based on the two sensor signals. For example, two ionization currents from two ionization electrodes can be evaluated by calculating their quotients.

[0018] The present disclosure further teaches an evaluation of a difference between two sensor signals. For example, two ionization currents from two ionization electrodes can be evaluated by calculating their difference. In addition to the magnitude of the difference, the sign of the difference allows conclusions to be drawn about the fuel and / or the fuel mixture in the combustion device.

[0019] The present disclosure further teaches adjusting an actuator, such as a fan or a fuel valve. The actuator adjustment occurs briefly and serves to vary the composition of the fuel mixture. At the same time, an ionization current is recorded by a second sensor, for example, a second ionization electrode. The ionization currents recorded while varying the composition of the fuel mixture often enable a clear assignment of the fuel and / or fuel mixture. Short description of the drawings

[0020] Various features will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the disclosed non-limiting embodiments. The drawings accompanying the detailed description may be briefly described as follows: FIG 1 shows a combustion device with optional additional sensors, such as flow sensors or several combustion sensors in the form of ionization electrodes. FIG 2 shows several curves of the ionization current over an air supply or fan speed or power of the combustion device when burning different fuel compositions. FIG 3 shows several curves of the ionization current over an air ratio λ for different fuel compositions and different positions of an ionization electrode at an air supply or fan speed or power. Detailed description

[0021] FIG 1shows a combustion device 1 such as a wall-mounted gas burner and / or an oil burner. During operation, a flame of a heat generator burns in the combustion chamber 2 of the combustion device 1. The heat generator exchanges the thermal energy of the hot fuels and / or combustion gases into another fluid such as water. The warm water is used, for example, to operate a hot water heating system and / or to heat drinking water. According to another embodiment, the thermal energy of the hot combustion gases can be used to heat a product, for example in an industrial process. According to a further embodiment, the heat generator is part of a combined heat and power plant, for example an engine of such a plant. According to another embodiment, the heat generator is a gas turbine. Furthermore, the heat generator can be used to heat water in a plant for the extraction of lithium and / or lithium carbonate.The exhaust gases 3 are discharged from the combustion chamber 2, for example via a chimney.

[0022] The air supply 5 for the combustion process is supplied via a (motor-driven) fan 4. A control and / or monitoring device 18 supplies the air supply to the fan 4 via the signal line 12. VL which it is intended to convey. Thus, the fan speed becomes a measure of the air supply.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the fan speed is reported back to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 18 by the fan 4. For example, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 18 determines the speed of the fan 4 via the signal line 13.

[0024] The control and / or monitoring device 18 preferably comprises a microcontroller. The control and / or monitoring device 18 ideally comprises a microprocessor. The control and / or monitoring device 18 can be a control device. The control device preferably comprises a microcontroller. The control device ideally comprises a microprocessor. The control device can comprise a proportional and integral controller. Furthermore, the control device can comprise a proportional and integral and derivative controller.

[0025] Furthermore, the control and / or monitoring device 18 may comprise a field-programmable (logic) gate arrangement. Furthermore, the control and / or monitoring device 18 may comprise an application-specific integrated circuit.

[0026] In one embodiment, signal line 12 comprises an optical fiber. Signal line 13 for determining the fan speed can also comprise an optical fiber. In a specific embodiment, signal lines 12 and 13 are implemented as optical fibers. Optical fibers provide advantages with regard to galvanic isolation and explosion protection.

[0027] If the air supply is adjusted via an air flap and / or a valve, the flap and / or valve position can be used as a measure of the air supply. Furthermore, a measured value derived from the signal of a mass flow sensor and / or volume flow sensor can be used. The sensor is advantageously arranged in the duct for the air supply 5. Advantageously, the sensor provides a signal which is converted into a flow measurement value using a suitable signal processing unit. A signal processing device ideally comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-to-digital converter(s), is integrated into the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 18. In another embodiment, the analog-to-digital converter(s) is / are integrated into the flow and / or pressure sensor 10.

[0028] As a measure of the air supply VLThe measured value of a pressure sensor and / or a mass flow sensor in a side channel can also be used. A combustion device with a supply channel and a side channel is disclosed, for example, in European patent EP3301364B1. European patent EP3301364B1 was filed on June 7, 2017, and granted on August 7, 2019. It claims a combustion device with a supply channel and a side channel, with a mass flow sensor extending into the supply channel.

[0029] A pressure sensor and / or a mass flow sensor in the side channel detects a signal which corresponds to the air supply VLdependent pressure value and / or the air flow (particle and / or mass flow) in the side channel. Advantageously, the sensor provides a signal which is converted into a measured value using a suitable signal processing device. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the signals from several sensors are converted into a common measured value. A suitable signal processing device ideally comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-to-digital converter(s), is integrated into the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 18. In another embodiment, the analog-to-digital converter(s) is / are integrated into the flow and / or pressure sensor 10.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the air supply VLthe value of the current air flow rate. The air flow rate can be measured and / or specified in cubic meters of air per hour. The air supply VL can be measured and / or stated in cubic meters of air per hour.

[0031] Mass flow sensors allow measurements at high flow velocities, especially in conjunction with combustion devices during operation. Typical values ​​for such flow velocities lie in the ranges between 0.1 meters per second and 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second. Mass flow sensors that are suitable for the present disclosure are, for example, OMRON ®< D6F-W or SENSOR TECHNICS ®< WBA sensors. The usable range of these sensors typically begins at velocities between 0.01 meters per second and 0.1 meters per second and ends at a speed such as 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second. In other words, lower limits such as 0.1 meter per second can be combined with upper limits such as 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second.

[0032] The fuel supply VB is adjusted and / or regulated by the control and / or monitoring device 18 with the aid of a fuel actuator and / or a (motor-driven) adjustable valve. In the embodiment in FIG 1 The fuel 7 is a fuel gas. A combustion device 1 can then be connected to various fuel gas sources, for example, to sources with a high methane content and / or to sources with a high propane content. Likewise, the combustion device 1 is connected to a source of a gas or gas mixture, wherein the gas or gas mixture comprises hydrogen. FIG 1The amount of fuel gas is adjusted by a (motor-driven) adjustable fuel valve 6 of the control and / or monitoring device 18. The control value, for example a pulse-width-modulated signal, of the gas valve is a measure of the amount of fuel gas. It is also a value for the fuel supply. VB .

[0033] If a gas flap is used as the fuel actuator 6, the position of a flap can be used as a measure of the amount of fuel gas. According to a special embodiment, a fuel actuator 6 and / or fuel valve are adjusted using a stepper motor. In that case, the step position of the stepper motor is a measure of the amount of fuel gas. The fuel valve can also be integrated into a unit with at least one or more safety shut-off valves. A signal line 14 connects the fuel actuator 6 to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 18. In a special embodiment, the signal line 14 comprises an optical fiber. Optical fibers provide advantages with regard to galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

[0034] Furthermore, the fuel valve 6 can be a valve that is internally controlled by a flow and / or pressure sensor 10, which receives a setpoint via the signal line 14. The actual value of the flow and / or pressure sensor 10 is then controlled to the setpoint. The flow and / or pressure sensor 10 can be implemented as a volume flow sensor, for example as a turbine wheel meter or a bellows meter or as a differential pressure sensor. The flow and / or pressure sensor 10 can also be designed as a mass flow sensor, for example as a thermal mass flow sensor. A signal line and / or feedback line 16 connects the internally controlled valve to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 18. In a special embodiment, the signal line and / or feedback line 16 comprises an optical fiber. Optical fibers offer advantages with regard to galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

[0035] In a further embodiment, the flow and / or pressure sensor 10 is arranged separately from the fuel valve 6 in the fuel supply channel 8. The flow sensor 10 can be implemented as a volume flow sensor, for example as a turbine wheel meter or a bellows meter or as a differential pressure sensor. The flow and / or pressure sensor 10 can also be designed as a mass flow sensor, for example as a thermal mass flow sensor. A signal line and / or feedback line 16 connects the flow and / or pressure sensor 10 to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 18. In a special embodiment, the signal line and / or feedback line 16 comprises an optical fiber. Optical fibers provide advantages with regard to galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

[0036] This flow and / or pressure sensor 10 generates a signal, which is converted into a flow measurement (measured value of the particle and / or mass flow and / or volume flow) using a suitable signal processing device. A suitable signal processing device ideally comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-to-digital converter(s), is integrated into the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 18. In another embodiment, the analog-to-digital converter(s) is / are integrated into the flow and / or pressure sensor 10.

[0037] In combustion devices 1 in which hydrogen or hydrogen is burned as part of a gas mixture, the cooling of the supply 5, 8 into the combustion chamber 2 is important. This cooling of the supply in premixed combustion devices 1 is particularly interesting. With adequate cooling of the supply 5, 8 into the combustion chamber 2, the risk of flashback is reduced.

[0038] A coating can be used to cool the feed 5, 8 into the combustion chamber 2, particularly in premixed combustion devices 1. This coating is applied at or near the opening of the feed 5, 8 into the combustion chamber 2. This coating advantageously emits in the infrared light range, i.e., at wavelengths above 800 nanometers. In addition to emission in the infrared wavelength range, the coating should be long-term stable and withstand typical temperatures. For example, the coating can comprise a film of boron phosphide. Furthermore, the coating can comprise a film of diamond-like carbon. In particular, the coating can comprise a film of amorphous carbon.

[0039] Furthermore, the feed 5, 8 can comprise a pipe made of a material with good thermal conductivity. For example, the feed 5, 8 can comprise a pipe made of copper or a copper alloy. In particular, in a premixing combustion device 1, the feed 5, 8 can comprise a pipe made of copper or a copper alloy at its opening into the combustion chamber 2. Due to the good thermal conductivity, heat is dissipated from the opening of the feed 5, 8. By dissipating the heat, the opening of the feed 5, 8 into the combustion chamber is more effectively cooled. The risk of flame flashback is thus reduced.

[0040] FIG 1also shows a combustion device 1 with a first combustion sensor 9 for detecting an air ratio λ. The first combustion sensor 9 can, for example, comprise a first ionization electrode. The first combustion sensor 9 can also be a first ionization electrode. KANTHAL ®<, e.g. APM ®< or A-1 ®<, is often used as the material for an ionization electrode. Electrodes made of Nikrothal ®< are also considered by those skilled in the art. The first combustion sensor 9 is preferably arranged in the combustion chamber 2.

[0041] A signal line 15 connects the first combustion sensor 9 to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 18. In a specific embodiment, the signal line 15 comprises an optical fiber. Optical fibers provide advantages with regard to galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

[0042] FIG 1further shows a combustion device 1 with a second sensor 11, for example a second combustion sensor 11, for detecting an air ratio λ. The second sensor 11 can, for example, comprise a second ionization electrode. The second sensor 11 can also be a second ionization electrode. KANTHAL ®<, e.g. APM ®< or A-1 ®<, is often used as the material for an ionization electrode. Electrodes made of Nikrothal ®< are also considered by those skilled in the art. The second sensor 11 is preferably arranged in the combustion chamber 2.

[0043] A signal line and / or feedback line 17 connects the second sensor 11 to the control and / or monitoring device 18. In a specific embodiment, the signal line and / or feedback line 17 comprises an optical fiber. Optical fibers provide advantages with regard to galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

[0044] The first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 are preferably arranged in the same combustion chamber 2. It is provided that the first combustion sensor 9 is different from the second sensor 11. For example, the first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and spaced at least 100 millimeters apart. In a further embodiment, the first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and spaced at least 200 millimeters apart. Furthermore, the first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and spaced at least 500 millimeters apart. The greatest possible distance between the first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 provides advantages with regard to decoupling the signals of the two combustion sensors 9 and 11.

[0045] It is also planned that the combustion sensors 9, 11 be checked for changes at regular intervals using a test. For example, ionization electrodes must be checked for aging. The check can be carried out as disclosed, for example, in patents EP2466204B1 and EP3045816. European patent EP2466204B1, Control device for a burner system, was granted on November 13, 2013. A corresponding application EP2466204A1 was published on June 20, 2012. European patent EP3045816B1, Device for controlling a burner system, was granted on December 12, 2018. A corresponding application EP3045816A1 was published on July 20, 2016.

[0046] The test is applied to a controlled combustion sensor 9, 11. The controlled combustion sensor 9, 11 can, for example, comprise a first ionization electrode. To detect changes in the second sensor 11, 9, the system is controlled for a short time to the newly calculated setpoint following the test. The second sensor 11, 9 can, for example, comprise a second ionization electrode. Once the control has stabilized, the actual value at the second combustion sensor 11, 9 is adopted as the new control value.

[0047] Preferably, the first combustion sensor 9 is connected to a voltage source via a first impedance, and the second sensor 11 is connected to the same voltage source via a second impedance. The first impedance is separate from the second impedance. In another embodiment, the first combustion sensor 9 is connected to a first voltage source, and the second sensor 11 is connected to a second voltage source. The first voltage source is separate from the second voltage source. Ideally, the first voltage source is different from the second voltage source.

[0048] In one embodiment, the first combustion sensor 9 comprises a first ionization electrode and the second sensor 11 comprises a second ionization electrode. It is provided that the first ionization electrode is different from the second ionization electrode. The first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode are preferably arranged in the same combustion chamber 2. For example, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and spaced at least 100 millimeters apart. In a further embodiment, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and spaced at least 200 millimeters apart. Furthermore, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and spaced at least 500 millimeters apart.A distance as large as possible between the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode provides advantages with regard to decoupling the signals of the two ionization electrodes.

[0049] Preferably, the first ionization electrode is connected to a voltage source via a first impedance, and the second ionization electrode is connected to the same voltage source via a second impedance. The first impedance is separate from the second impedance. In another embodiment, the first ionization electrode is connected to a first voltage source, and the second ionization source is connected to a second voltage source. The first voltage source is separate from the second voltage source. Ideally, the first voltage source is different from the second voltage source.

[0050] In one embodiment, the first combustion sensor 9 is a first ionization electrode and the second sensor 11 is a second ionization electrode. It is provided that the first ionization electrode is different from the second ionization electrode. The first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode are preferably arranged in the same combustion chamber 2. For example, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and spaced at least 100 millimeters apart. In a further embodiment, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and spaced at least 200 millimeters apart. Furthermore, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and spaced at least 500 millimeters apart.A distance as large as possible between the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode provides advantages with regard to decoupling the signals of the two ionization electrodes.

[0051] Preferably, the first ionization electrode is connected to a voltage source via a first impedance, and the second ionization electrode is connected to the same voltage source via a second impedance. The first impedance is separate from the second impedance. In another embodiment, the first ionization electrode is connected to a first voltage source, and the second ionization source is connected to a second voltage source. The first voltage source is separate from the second voltage source. Ideally, the first voltage source is different from the second voltage source.

[0052] In FIG 2The ionization current setpoints 20 are shown as examples over air supply or fan speed or power 19 for a first gas 21 and for a second gas 22. For example, the curve 21 consists of the ionization current setpoints 20 of the first combustion sensor 9 at λ = λ should for a first fuel and / or a first combustion gas. The curve 22 consists of the ionization current setpoints 20 of the first combustion sensor 9 at λ = λ should for a second fuel and / or a second fuel gas. λ should for a first fuel and / or a first fuel gas may be λ should for a second fuel and / or a second fuel gas. In addition, λ shouldover the air supply or fan speed or power in a predefined manner. For a possibly present second combustion sensor 11, there are two further curves of ionization current setpoints 20 over air supply or fan speed or power 19 for a first and a second gas. The two curves 21 and 22 define a family of curves. Based on the signal of a flow and / or pressure sensor 10 and / or based on feedback from the fuel actuator 6 and / or by signals from the sensors 9, 11, a fuel mixture can be estimated. The fuel mixture can be a gas mixture. According to one embodiment, a fuel mixture such as a gas mixture can be detected based on the signal of a flow and / or pressure sensor 10. Furthermore, a fuel mixture such as a gas mixture can be detected based on feedback from the fuel actuator 6 and / or based on the signals from the sensors 9, 11, 10.The fuel mixture, for example a gas mixture, comprises a mixture of the first 21 and the second 22 gases. Ideally, the fuel mixture, for example a gas mixture, consists of a mixture of the first 21 and the second 22 gases. Preferably, the proportion of the second gas 22 is somewhat higher. For example, the proportion of the second gas 22 can be less than five percent by mass higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Likewise, the proportion of the second gas 22 can be less than ten percent by mass higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Furthermore, the proportion of the second gas 22 can be less than twenty percent by mass higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Finally, the proportion of the second gas 22 can also be more than 90 percent by mass higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Furthermore, the proportion of the second gas 22 can be less than five percent by volume higher than the proportion of the first gas 21.Likewise, the proportion of the second gas 22 may be less than ten volume percent higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Furthermore, the proportion of the second gas 22 may be less than twenty volume percent higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Finally, the proportion of the second gas 22 may also be more than 90 volume percent higher than the proportion of the first gas 21.

[0053] With this estimate, the two corresponding curves 21 and 22 of the gases are weighted and the third curve 23 is obtained in FIG 2. These ionization currents are preferably used as setpoints for control until another estimate is available. This means that control is carried out on the basis of the control setpoints according to this curve 23 if rapid modulation occurs after an estimate. When a steady-state or quasi-steady-state state is reached, a new estimate is made. Depending on the result of the estimate, a new curve 23 with control setpoints is determined. The determination can be carried out, for example, by the control and / or open-loop and / or monitoring device 18. Preferably, a new curve 23 with control setpoints is calculated depending on the result of the estimate. The calculation can be carried out, for example, by the control and / or open-loop and / or monitoring device 18.

[0054] In FIG 3The ionization current curve 25 is plotted against the air ratio λ 24 for two different positions of the combustion sensors 9, 11 and for two different fuels 7. The two different fuels 7 can be two different gases without claiming to be complete. The two different fuels 7 can be two different gas mixtures without claiming to be complete. FIG 3 refers to a given air supply or fan speed or power 19. The illustration from FIG 3 preferably refers to a constant air supply or fan speed or power 19. In one embodiment, at least one of the combustion sensors 9, 11 comprises an ionization electrode. In a specific embodiment, each of the combustion sensors 9, 11 comprises an ionization electrode. The embodiment in FIG 3However, this does not mean that the first and second gases must be regulated to the same air ratio λ. The setpoint for the air ratio λ should of the first gas can be adjusted from the setpoint for the air ratio λ should of the second gas. Furthermore, the design in FIG 3 not that a first and a second fuel must necessarily be regulated to the same air ratio λ. The setpoint for the air ratio λ should of the first fuel can be changed from the target value for the air ratio λ should of the second fuel.

[0055] The two lines 30a and 30b intersect the curves 26 to 29. This shows the setpoint values ​​of the ionization current for a first and a second gas at the sensors 9, 11. Preferably, two lines 30a and 30b show the setpoint values ​​of the ionization current at the combustion sensors 9 and 11. Ideally, two lines 30a and 30b show the setpoint values ​​of the ionization current at the ionization electrodes 9 and 11. Line 30b shows the setpoint values ​​of the ionization current for a first gas at the sensors 9 and 11 at the intersection points with lines 26 and 28. The intersection point of line 30b with line 26 is a point on curve 21 in FIG 2 . The intersection point of line 30b with line 27 is a point on line 22 in FIG 2 . Line 30a shows the setpoints of the ionization current for a second gas at sensors 9 and 11 at the intersection points with lines 27 and 29.

[0056] At the same time, the vertical lines 30a and 30b illustrate the air ratio λ should , to which the distance between the ionization currents at the sensors 9, 11 is to be regulated. The sensors 9, 11, in particular the ionization electrodes 9, 11, lead to different ionization currents due to their different positions in the combustion chamber 2.

[0057] It is initially assumed that the sensor 9, 11 corresponding to curves 26 and 27 is being controlled. This sensor 9, 11 is located at position one. Therefore, the sensor 11, 9 corresponding to curves 28 and 29 serves to check whether the correct fuel 7 was estimated. In particular, the sensor 11, 9 corresponding to curves 28 and 29 can be used to check whether the correct fuel 7 was detected. For the purposes of checking, the sensor 11, 9 is located at position two in the combustion chamber 2. Position two in the combustion chamber 2 is different from position one in the combustion chamber 2.

[0058] In one embodiment, it is assumed that the ionization electrode 9, 11 corresponding to curves 26 and 27 is being controlled. This ionization electrode 9, 11 is located at position one in the combustion chamber 2. Therefore, the ionization electrode 11, 9 corresponding to curves 28 and 29 serves to check whether the correct fuel 7 was estimated. In particular, the ionization electrode 11, 9 corresponding to curves 28 and 29 can be used to check whether the correct fuel 7 was detected. For the purposes of checking, the ionization electrode 11, 9 is located at position two in the combustion chamber 2. Position two in the combustion chamber 2 is different from position one in the combustion chamber 2.

[0059] Assuming that the first fuel 7 is present, curve 21 is calculated from FIG 2 The current air supply or fan speed or power can be adjusted to the air supply or fan speed or power from FIG 3In this case, the control setpoint corresponds to the intersection of line 30b with curve 26. A signal according to curve 28 should be present at the second sensor 11, 9 at the intersection with line 30b. In particular, an ionization current according to curve 28 should be present at the second sensor 11, 9 at the intersection with line 30b. Ideally, an ionization current according to curve 28 should be present at the second ionization electrode 11, 9 at the intersection with line 30b.

[0060] If the second fuel 7 is actually supplied to the combustion device 1, the same setpoint value I should of the ionization current. Meanwhile, the air ratio shifts along curve 27 λ towards higher values ​​of the air ratio λ This continues until the actual value I IS of the ionization current equal to the setpoint I shouldof the ionization current. Only at an air number λ , as indicated by the vertical line 31, the same ionization current is established at the first combustion sensor 9, 11 according to curve 27. At the same time, the difference in the ionization currents between the sensors 9, 11 at positions one and two changes. Preferably, the difference in the ionization currents between the ionization electrodes 9, 11 at positions one and two changes. In the present case, the difference even changes its sign. This now results in a difference corresponding to the intersection points of the vertical line 31 with curves 29 and 27. In contrast, with fuel one, a difference corresponding to the intersection points of curve 30b with curves 28 and 26 would have been expected.

[0061] The change in the difference of the ionization currents between the sensors 9, 11 causes a change in the setpoint I shouldof the ionization current towards the second gas at λ should . Preferably, the change is made by the control system. In particular, the changed difference in the ionization currents can cause the control system to change the control setpoint at λ should to the value of curve 27 of the second gas. After the changed control setpoint has been adjusted, the ionization current at the sensor 11, 9 at position two will be according to curve 29 at λ should Preferably, the control and / or monitoring device 18 changes the setpoint I should of the ionization current.

[0062] In one embodiment, the changed difference in the ionization currents between the ionization electrodes 9, 11 causes the control to change the control setpoint at λ should towards the second gas. In particular, the changed difference in the ionization currents can cause the control to change the control setpoint at λ shouldto the value of curve 27 of the second gas. After the changed control setpoint has been adjusted, the ionization current at the ionization electrode 11, 9 at position two will be corresponding to position two for fuel two at λ should In this case, the control and / or monitoring device 18 preferably increases the control setpoint.

[0063] The reverse case, where the control setpoint is set to fuel two but fuel one is present, is also detected. In this case, the control is based on setpoint I should of the ionization current at the setpoint λ should the air ratio of fuel two changes the air ratio λ. The change occurs in the direction λ=1. I should for λ shouldof fuel two corresponds to the intersection point of curve 27 with line 30a. The change continues up to an air ratio λ, which is indicated by the vertical line 32. With this shift in the air ratio λ, the difference between the two ionization currents changes simultaneously. In the example case, with the shift in the air ratio λ in the direction λ=1, the difference between the two ionization currents. This value corresponds to the distance between the intersection points of curve 32 and curves 26 and 28. This value is significantly different from the expected value for fuel two, corresponding to the distance between the intersection points of curve 30a and curves 27 and 29. This causes the control system to now set the setpoint I should of the first ionization current in the direction of the first fuel at the setpoint λ should The air ratio is reduced. λ should the air ratio for fuel one.

[0064] Apparently, the two fuels can each have a different course of the differences over the air ratio λ In order to be able to control the ionization current curves to both combustion sensors 9, 11 and to both fuels, the control is preferably parameterizable. The parameterization can be used to specify when an increase or a decrease in the setpoint I should of the ionization current. In particular, the parameterization can specify when an increase and when a decrease in the setpoint I should of the ionization current.

[0065] Instead of the difference, other mathematical relationships between the signals of the combustion sensors 9, 11 can also serve as a control basis.

[0066] It is possible that the behavior of the ionization currents in relation to one another changes depending on the air supply or fan speed or power 19. For example, with a first air supply or fan speed or power and control on fuel one but fuel two present, the difference between the ionization currents of sensors 9, 11 increases. With a second air supply or fan speed or power, the difference between the ionization currents decreases. For correct regulation of air to fuel, the control setpoint must always be adjusted to the second fuel. However, with a first air supply or fan speed or power 19, the adjustment occurs due to an increased difference. With a second air supply or fan speed or power 19, the adjustment occurs due to a reduced difference between the ionization currents of sensors 9, 11.

[0067] In those cases, the ionization current setpoint I should(of the first sensor 9, 11) can be varied for a short time. The short-term variation of the ionization current setpoint I should occurs more quickly than the fastest and / or shortest-term changes in the fuel composition. Therefore, the control varies the setpoint I should by an amount. This means that the control system adjusts the setpoint I should by an amount until the appropriate actual value is reported back from the second sensor 11, 9. In particular, the control varies the setpoint I should by an amount until the second sensor 11, 9 reports back the appropriate actual value corresponding to one of the possible fuel mixtures.

[0068] Among the fuel mixtures that are compatible with the I should Variation is covered, becomes I should of the first sensor 9,11 a value of the second sensor 11,9 is expected. The value of the second sensor 11,9 is λ = λ should expected. This is the appropriate actual value.

[0069] If the second sensor 11, 9 and / or the second ionization electrode 11, 9 does not return a suitable actual value, the entire range of setpoint values ​​I should of the ionization current. The entire range of setpoints I should is the area of ​​I should , which occurs during combustion of expected fuel mixtures at the combustion device 1 at the set air supply. Corresponding considerations apply to the fan speed or power 19 instead of the air supply. In particular, the entire range of setpoints I should the range which, when burning expected fuel mixtures, corresponds to the target value λ should the air ratio can occur.

[0070] Preferably, the control and / or monitoring device 18 varies the setpoint I should. Preferably, the control and / or monitoring device 18 runs through the entire range of setpoint values ​​I should of the ionization current. The control and / or monitoring device 18 runs through the entire range of setpoint values ​​I should that may occur during combustion of expected fuel mixtures. In particular, the entire range of setpoints I should of the ionization current to the setpoint λ should the air ratio at the set air supply or fan speed or power 19.

[0071] Alternatively, the variation can be determined via the setpoints I shouldof the ionization current, and the control can be implemented directly as a variation of the fuel actuator 6. For this purpose, the fuel actuator position is varied briefly. Preferably, the fuel actuator position is varied briefly by a certain amount. Accordingly, the control determines when the actual value of the ionization current at the first and second combustion sensors 9, 11 indicates the same fuel mixture. After adjustment, both ionization currents match a fuel mixture from the range of expected mixtures at the combustion device 1.

[0072] It may happen that when varying the fuel actuator 6, no suitable ionization currents are found from the first to the second combustion sensor 9, 11. In particular, it may happen that when varying the fuel actuator 6 by a small amount, no suitable ionization currents are found from the first to the second sensor 9, 11. In this case, the amount of variation is increased. The amount of variation is increased up to the minimum fuel actuator position for the highest calorific fuel. The amount of variation is also increased up to the maximum fuel actuator position for the lowest calorific fuel. The variation in the fuel actuator position is a function of the set air supply or fan speed or power 19. Ideally, the variation in the fuel actuator position is a function of the currently set air supply or fan speed or power 19.

[0073] Parts of a control and / or monitoring device 18 and / or a method according to the present disclosure can be implemented as hardware and / or as a software module. The software module is executed by a computing unit, optionally with the addition of container virtualization. Furthermore, there is the possibility of execution using a cloud computer and / or using a combination of the aforementioned options. The software may comprise firmware and / or a hardware driver executed within an operating system and / or container virtualization and / or an application program. The present disclosure therefore also relates to a computer program product that contains the features of this disclosure or executes the required steps. When implemented as software, the described functions can be stored as one or more instructions on a computer-readable medium.Some examples of computer-readable media include random access memory (RAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, and / or electronically programmable read-only memory (EPROM). Some other examples of computer-readable media include electronically programmable and erasable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers of a computing device, a hard disk, and / or a removable storage device. Furthermore, computer-readable media includes optical storage and / or any suitable medium accessible by a computer or other IT devices and applications.

[0074] In other words, the present disclosure teaches a method for controlling a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising a first combustion sensor (9) and a second sensor (10, 11), wherein the second sensor (10, 11) is different from the first combustion sensor (9), the method comprising the steps: Specifying a first target value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7); regulating the combustion device (1) based on the first combustion sensor (9) to the first target value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9); recording a first signal based on the first combustion sensor (9); recording a second signal based on the second sensor (10, 11); determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; comparing the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the second fuel (7) has a different composition than the first fuel (7): determining a second target value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the second fuel (7);and controlling the combustion device (1) based on the first combustion sensor (9) to the second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9). ;

[0075] The aforementioned method for controlling a combustion device (1) can be a method for operating a combustion device (1).

[0076] The present disclosure teaches a method for controlling a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising a first combustion sensor (9) and a second sensor (10, 11), wherein the second sensor (10, 11) is different from the first combustion sensor (9), the method comprising the steps: Specifying a first target value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7); regulating the combustion device (1) based on the first combustion sensor (9) to the first target value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9); recording a first signal based on the first combustion sensor (9); recording a second signal based on the second sensor (10, 11); determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; comparing the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the second fuel (7) has a different composition than the first fuel (7): determining a second target value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) from a target value for an air ratio λ for the second fuel (7);and controlling the combustion device (1) based on the first combustion sensor (9) to the second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9). ;

[0077] In one embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a combustion chamber (2), and the first combustion sensor (9) is a first ionization electrode in the combustion chamber (2). Preferably, the first target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) is a first target value for an ionization current of the first ionization electrode. Preferably, the first signal recorded by the first combustion sensor (9) is a first ionization current. Thus, the method comprises the step of recording a first ionization current by the first ionization electrode.

[0078] In one embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a combustion chamber (2), and the second sensor (10, 11) is a second ionization electrode in the combustion chamber (2). Preferably, the second signal recorded by the second sensor (10, 11) is a second ionization current. Thus, the method comprises the step of recording a second ionization current using the second ionization electrode.

[0079] In another embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a fuel supply channel (8), and the second sensor (10, 11) is a flow sensor for recording a flow of the first or second fuel (7) through the fuel supply channel (8). In particular, the second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can protrude into the fuel supply channel (8). The second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can also be arranged in the fuel supply channel (8). Furthermore, the second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can be attached to the fuel supply channel (8). Furthermore, the second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can be mechanically secured to the fuel supply channel (8), for example, secured by spot welding and / or secured by paint and / or secured by adhesive. The method therefore comprises the step of recording a second signal in the form of a flow signal through the fuel supply channel (8) using the flow sensor.

[0080] In another embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a fuel supply channel (8), and the second sensor (10, 11) is configured to detect a valve and / or flap position. The valve and / or flap position is a measure of the flow of fuel (7) through the fuel supply channel (8). The method therefore comprises the step of recording a flow signal in the form of a valve and / or flap position through the fuel supply channel (8) using the second sensor (10, 11).

[0081] In a first embodiment, the first fuel (7) is a first fuel type and the second fuel is a second fuel type (7). Furthermore, the first fuel (7) can be a first fuel type and the second fuel (7) can be a second fuel type.

[0082] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step of: specifying a first target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9).

[0083] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps: Presetting a target value for an air ratio λ for a first fuel (7); and determining a first target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the target value for the air ratio λ for the first fuel (7).

[0084] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step of determining a second fuel (7) as an exclusive function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal. An exclusive function considers only the specified arguments of the function.

[0085] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step of: determining a first target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) based on a current air supply or fan speed or power and based on a curve stored for the first fuel (7).

[0086] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step of: determining a first target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) based on a current air supply or fan speed or power and based on a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the first fuel (7).

[0087] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step of: determining a first target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) based on a current air supply or fan speed or power for a first fuel (7) and based on a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) for the first fuel (7).

[0088] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step: determining a first target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the target value for the air ratio λ for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored for the first fuel (7).

[0089] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step of: determining a first target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the target value for the air ratio λ for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the first fuel (7).

[0090] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step of: determining a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) for the first fuel (7).

[0091] For the aforementioned method step of determining a first target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9), in addition to a stored curve, a table or corresponding means, such as a mathematical relationship or a program sequence, can be used to determine the first target value.

[0092] Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of: determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using one or more stored tables.

[0093] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0094] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step of: determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using a stored mathematical relationship.

[0095] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of: determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0096] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of: determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0097] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step: determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal on the basis of a stored program sequence in a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0098] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of: determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal on the basis of a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0099] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of: determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal on the basis of a stored program sequence in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0100] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps: Determining a first difference between the first and second signals; and assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7).

[0101] Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of: assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) using one or more stored tables.

[0102] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of: assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0103] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of: assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) on the basis of one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0104] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step of: assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a stored mathematical relationship.

[0105] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of: assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0106] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of: assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) on the basis of a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0107] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step of: assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a stored program sequence.

[0108] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of: assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0109] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of: assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) on the basis of a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0110] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps: Determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; determining a first negative or a first positive sign of the first index; and determining the second fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the first negative or the first positive sign of the first index.

[0111] In one embodiment, the first index is a quotient of the first signal and the second signal. The first index can also be a function of a quotient of the first signal and the second signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first index is a difference between the first signal and the second signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first index is a function of a difference between the first signal and the second signal.

[0112] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps: Determining a first difference between the first and the second signal; determining a first negative or a first positive sign of the first difference; and determining the second fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the first negative or the first positive sign of the first difference.

[0113] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps: Determining a first distance between the first and second signals; and determining the second fuel (7) as a function of the first distance.

[0114] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps: Presetting a target value for an air ratio λ for the second fuel (7); and determining a second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the target value for the air ratio λ for the second fuel (7).

[0115] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps: Determining a target value for an air ratio λ for the second fuel (7); and determining a second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the target value for the air ratio λ for the second fuel (7).

[0116] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step: determining a second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) based on a current air supply or fan speed or power using a curve stored for the second fuel (7).

[0117] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step of: determining a second target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) based on a or the current air supply or fan speed or power using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the second fuel (7).

[0118] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step of: determining a second setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of a or the current air supply or fan speed or power for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) for the second fuel (7).

[0119] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step: determining a second setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a second fuel (7) using a curve stored for the second fuel (7).

[0120] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step of: determining a second setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a second fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the second fuel (7).

[0121] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step of: determining a second setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a second fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) for the second fuel (7).

[0122] For the aforementioned method step of determining a second target value of a signal from the first combustion sensor (9), a stored curve, a table, or equivalent means are possible. Equivalent means for determining the second target value include, for example, a mathematical relationship or a program sequence.

[0123] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one channel selected from the air supply channel and the fuel supply channel (8), the method comprising the step of: regulating the combustion device (1) based on the at least one actuator (4; 6) and based on the first combustion sensor (9) to the first setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9).

[0124] Preferably, the combustion device (1) comprises at least one actuator (4, 6) per channel.

[0125] In one embodiment, the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on the air supply duct and comprises a fan (4), in particular a motor-driven fan. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal directed to the motor-driven fan (4). Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, wherein the signal from the converter is directed to the motor-driven fan (4). In another embodiment, the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on the air supply duct and comprises an air damper, in particular a motor-adjustable air damper. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal directed to the motor-adjustable air damper. Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, wherein the signal from the converter is directed to the motor-adjustable air damper.Furthermore, without claiming to be exhaustive, control can be provided based on signals between 0 and 20 milliamperes or between 0 and 10 volts. Control via a stepper motor is also possible.

[0126] Furthermore, the at least one actuator (4; 6) can act on the fuel supply channel (8) and comprise a valve, in particular a motor-adjustable valve. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal directed to the motor-adjustable valve. Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, wherein the signal from the converter is directed to the motor-adjustable valve. Furthermore, the at least one actuator (4; 6) can act on the fuel supply channel (8) and comprise a fuel flap, in particular a motor-adjustable fuel flap. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal directed to the motor-adjustable fuel flap. Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, wherein the signal from the converter is directed to the motor-adjustable fuel flap.Furthermore, without claiming to be exhaustive, control can be provided based on signals between 0 and 20 milliamperes or between 0 and 10 volts. Control via a stepper motor is also possible.

[0127] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one channel selected from the air supply channel and the fuel supply channel (8), the method comprising the step: regulating the combustion device (1) using the at least one actuator (4; 6) and using the first combustion sensor (9) to the second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9).

[0128] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one channel selected from the air supply channel and the fuel supply channel (8), the method comprising the steps: Changing a position of the at least one actuator (4; 6); after changing the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), recording a third signal using the first combustion sensor (9); after changing the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), recording a fourth signal using the second sensor (10, 11); determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; comparing the first fuel (7) with the third fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the first fuel (7) has a different composition than the third fuel (7): determining a third target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the third fuel (7); and regulating the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the third target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9).

[0129] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one channel selected from the air supply channel and the fuel supply channel (8), the method comprising the steps: Changing a position of the at least one actuator (4; 6); after changing the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), recording a third signal using the first combustion sensor (9); after changing the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), recording a fourth signal using the second sensor (10, 11); determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; comparing the first fuel (7) with the third fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the first fuel (7) has a different composition than the third fuel (7): determining a third target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from a target value for an air ratio λ for the third fuel (7); and regulating the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the third target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9).

[0130] Preferably, the combustion device (1) comprises an adjustable actuator (4; 6).

[0131] At one point in time, the third fuel (7) is equal to the second fuel (7). At another point in time, the third fuel (7) is different from the second fuel (7).

[0132] Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of: determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using one or more stored tables.

[0133] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0134] Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of: determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using a stored mathematical relationship.

[0135] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of: determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0136] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of: determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0137] Furthermore, the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of: determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal on the basis of a stored program sequence.

[0138] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0139] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps: Determining a second difference between the third and fourth signals; and determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference.

[0140] Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) including a third fuel (7) comprises the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using one or more stored tables.

[0141] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) including a third fuel (7) comprises the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0142] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0143] Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) including a third fuel (7) comprises the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a stored mathematical relationship.

[0144] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0145] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0146] Furthermore, the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of: determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a stored program sequence.

[0147] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of: determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0148] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of: determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference on the basis of a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0149] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7), the method comprising the steps: Determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; determining a second index as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; and determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.

[0150] In one embodiment, the second index is a quotient of the third signal and the fourth signal. The second index can also be a function of a quotient of the third signal and the fourth signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the second index is a difference between the third signal and the fourth signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the second index is a function of a difference between the third signal and the fourth signal.

[0151] Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) incorporating a third fuel (7) comprises the step of determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using one or more stored tables. Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) incorporating a third fuel (7) comprises the step of determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory.In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0152] Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) including a third fuel (7) comprises the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using a stored mathematical relationship.

[0153] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0154] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0155] Furthermore, the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of: determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index on the basis of a stored program sequence.

[0156] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0157] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7), the method comprising the steps: Determining a first difference between the first and second signals; determining a second difference between the third and fourth signals; and determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference.

[0158] Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) including a third fuel (7) comprises the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using one or more stored tables.

[0159] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises the step of determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise the step of determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0160] Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) including a third fuel (7) comprises the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a stored mathematical relationship.

[0161] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises the step of determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise the step of determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0162] Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of: determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a stored program sequence.

[0163] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step of determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step of determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0164] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7) and a second index, the method comprising the steps: Determining a second negative or a second positive sign of the second index; and determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second index and as a function of the second negative or the second positive sign of the second index.

[0165] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7) and a second difference, the method comprising the steps: Determining a second negative or a second positive sign of the second difference; and determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference and as a function of the second negative or the second positive sign of the second difference.

[0166] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7) and a second index and a sign thereof, the method comprising the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index and as a function of the second, negative or the second, positive sign of the second index.

[0167] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7), a second difference and a sign thereof, the method comprising the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference and as a function of the second, negative or the second, positive sign of the second difference.

[0168] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7), the method comprising the steps: Presetting a target value for an air ratio λ for the third fuel (7); and determining a third target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the target value for the air ratio λ for the third fuel (7).

[0169] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7), the method comprising the steps: Determining a target value for an air ratio λ for the third fuel (7); and determining a third target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the target value for the air ratio λ for the third fuel (7).

[0170] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step: determining a third setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a third fuel (7) using a curve stored for the third fuel (7).

[0171] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step of: determining a third setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a third fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the third fuel (7).

[0172] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step of: determining a third setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a third fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) for the third fuel (7).

[0173] For the aforementioned method step of determining a third target value of a signal of the combustion sensor (9), in addition to a stored curve, a table or corresponding means, such as a mathematical relationship or a program sequence, can be used to determine the third target value.

[0174] The present disclosure further teaches a computer program comprising instructions which cause a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) of a combustion device (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is communicatively connected to a first combustion sensor (9) of the combustion device (1) and to a second sensor (10, 11) of the combustion device (1), to carry out the method steps of one of the aforementioned methods.

[0175] In specific embodiments, one of the aforementioned computer programs comprises a microprocessor program and / or a microcontroller program in the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0176] The present disclosure further teaches a computer program comprising instructions which cause a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) of a combustion device (1) to carry out the method steps of one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is communicatively connected to a first combustion sensor (9) of the combustion device (1) and to a second sensor (10, 11) of the combustion device (1) and to at least one actuator (4; 6) of the combustion device (1).

[0177] The present disclosure further teaches a computer program comprising instructions which cause a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) of a combustion device (1) to carry out the method steps of one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is communicatively connected to a first combustion sensor (9) of the combustion device (1) and to a second sensor (10, 11) of the combustion device (1) and to at least one actuator of the combustion device (1), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one channel selected from an air supply channel or a fuel supply channel (8) of the combustion device (1).

[0178] The present disclosure also teaches a computer-readable medium on which the computer program according to any one of the preceding claims is stored.

[0179] The present disclosure further teaches a computer-readable medium having stored thereon one of the aforementioned computer programs.

[0180] In specific embodiments, one of the aforementioned computer programs comprises a microprocessor program and / or a microcontroller program. In other words, a microprocessor program and / or a microcontroller program is stored on a medium readable by a microprocessor and / or a microcontroller.

[0181] The present disclosure further teaches a combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), at least one channel selected from an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8), at least one actuator (4; 6) acting on the at least one channel, a first combustion sensor (9) in the combustion chamber (2), a second sensor (10, 11) which is different from the first combustion sensor (9), a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) in communicative connection with the at least one actuator (4; 6), the first combustion sensor (9) and the second sensor (10, 11), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed: to receive a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7); to regulate the combustion device (1) to the first setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) using the first combustion sensor (9) and the at least one actuator (4; 6); to record a first signal using the first combustion sensor (9); to record a second signal using the second sensor (10, 11); to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; to compare the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the second fuel (7) has a different composition than the first fuel (7): to determine a second setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the second fuel (7);and to regulate the combustion device (1) to the second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) using the first combustion sensor (9) and the at least one actuator (4; 6).

[0182] Likewise, the present disclosure teaches a combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), at least one channel selected from an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8), at least one actuator (4; 6) acting on the at least one channel, a first combustion sensor (9) in the combustion chamber (2), a second sensor (10, 11) which is different from the first combustion sensor (9), a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) in communicative connection with the at least one actuator (4; 6), the first combustion sensor (9) and the second sensor (10, 11), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed: to receive a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7); to regulate the combustion device (1) to the first setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) using the first combustion sensor (9) and the at least one actuator (4; 6); to record a first signal using the first combustion sensor (9); to record a second signal using the second sensor (10, 11); to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; to compare the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the second fuel (7) has a different composition than the first fuel (7): to determine a second setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) from a setpoint value for an air ratio λ for the second fuel (7);and to regulate the combustion device (1) to the second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) using the first combustion sensor (9) and the at least one actuator (4; 6).

[0183] In one embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a combustion chamber (2), and the first combustion sensor (9) is a first ionization electrode in the combustion chamber (2). Preferably, the first setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) is a first setpoint value for an ionization current of the first ionization electrode. Preferably, the first signal recorded using the first combustion sensor (9) is a first ionization current. Thus, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is configured to record a first ionization current using the first ionization electrode.

[0184] In one embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a combustion chamber (2), and the second sensor (10, 11) is a second ionization electrode in the combustion chamber (2). Preferably, the second signal recorded by the second sensor (10, 11) is a second ionization current. Thus, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is configured to record a second ionization current using the second ionization electrode.

[0185] In another embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a fuel supply channel (8), and the second sensor (10, 11) is a flow sensor for recording a flow of a fuel (7) through the fuel supply channel (8). In particular, the second sensor (10, 11) can protrude into the fuel supply channel (8) in the form of a flow sensor. The second sensor (10, 11) can also be arranged in the fuel supply channel (8) in the form of a flow sensor. Furthermore, the second sensor (10, 11) can be attached to the fuel supply channel (8) in the form of a flow sensor. Furthermore, the second sensor (10, 11) can be mechanically secured to the fuel supply channel (8) in the form of a flow sensor, for example secured by spot welding and / or secured by paint and / or secured by adhesive.Thus, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to record a second signal in the form of a flow signal through the fuel supply channel (8) using the flow sensor.

[0186] In another embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a fuel supply channel (8), and the second sensor (10, 11) is designed to detect a valve and / or flap position. The valve and / or flap position is a measure of the flow of fuel (7) through the fuel supply channel (8). Thus, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to record a flow signal in the form of a valve and / or flap position through the fuel supply channel (8) using the second sensor (10, 11).

[0187] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed: to receive a setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a first fuel (7); and to determine a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the first fuel (7).

[0188] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to receive or determine a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9).

[0189] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to: determine a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored for the first fuel (7).

[0190] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to: determine a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the first fuel (7).

[0191] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to: determine a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) for the first fuel (7).

[0192] For the above-mentioned embodiments of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) for determining a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9), in addition to a stored curve, a table or corresponding means, such as a mathematical relationship or a program sequence, can be used to determine the first setpoint value.

[0193] Preferably, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to determine a second fuel (7) on the basis of one or more stored tables as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal.

[0194] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0195] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0196] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to determine a second fuel (7) on the basis of a stored mathematical relationship as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal.

[0197] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal based on a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0198] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal on the basis of a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0199] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to determine a second fuel (7) on the basis of a stored program sequence as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal.

[0200] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal, based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal, based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0201] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed: to determine a first difference between the first and the second signal; and to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7).

[0202] Preferably, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) on the basis of one or more stored tables.

[0203] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to: assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) on the basis of one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0204] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to: assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) on the basis of one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0205] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to: assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) on the basis of a stored mathematical relationship.

[0206] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to: assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) on the basis of a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0207] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) can be designed to: assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) on the basis of a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0208] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to: assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) on the basis of a stored program sequence.

[0209] Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to: assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) on the basis of a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory.

[0210] In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) can be designed to: assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) on the basis of a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18).

[0211] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed: to determine a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; to determine a first negative or a first positive sign of the first index; and to determine the second fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the first negative or the first positive sign of the first index.

[0212] In one embodiment, the first index is a quotient of the first signal and the second signal. The first index can also be a function of a quotient of the first signal and the second signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first index is a difference between the first signal and the second signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first index is a function of a difference between the first signal and the second signal.

[0213] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed: to determine a first difference between the first and the second signal; to determine a first negative or a first positive sign of the first difference; and to determine the second fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the first negative or the first positive sign of the first difference.

[0214] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed: to receive a setpoint value for an air ratio λ for the second fuel (7); and to determine a second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the second fuel (7).

[0215] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed: to determine a target value for an air ratio λ for the second fuel (7); and to determine a second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the target value for the air ratio λ for the second fuel (7).

[0216] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to: determine a second setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a second fuel (7) using a curve stored for the second fuel (7).

[0217] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to: determine a second setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a second fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the second fuel (7).

[0218] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) is designed to: determine a second setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a second fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) for the second fuel (7).

[0219] For the aforementioned embodiments of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring unit (18) for determining a second setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9), a stored curve, a table, or other means are also possible. The additional means for determining the second setpoint value include, in particular, a mathematical relationship or a program sequence.

[0220] In one embodiment, the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on the air supply duct and comprises a fan (4), in particular a motor-driven fan. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal directed to the motor-driven fan (4). Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, wherein the signal from the converter is directed to the motor-driven fan (4). In another embodiment, the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on the air supply duct and comprises an air damper, in particular a motor-adjustable air damper. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal directed to the motor-adjustable air damper. Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, wherein the signal from the converter is directed to the motor-adjustable air damper.Furthermore, without claiming to be exhaustive, control can be provided based on signals between 0 and 20 milliamperes or between 0 and 10 volts. Control via a stepper motor is also possible.

[0221] Furthermore, the at least one actuator (4; 6) can act on the fuel supply channel (8) and comprise a valve, in particular a motor-adjustable valve. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal directed to the motor-adjustable valve. Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, wherein the signal from the converter is directed to the motor-adjustable valve. Furthermore, the at least one actuator (4; 6) can act on the fuel supply channel (8) and comprise a fuel flap, in particular a motor-adjustable fuel flap. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal directed to the motor-adjustable fuel flap. Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, wherein the signal from the converter is directed to the motor-adjustable fuel flap.Furthermore, without claiming to be exhaustive, control can be provided based on signals between 0 and 20 milliamperes or between 0 and 10 volts. Control via a stepper motor is also possible.

Claims

1. Method for controlling a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising a first combustion sensor (9) and a second sensor (10, 11), wherein the second sensor (10, 11) is different from the first combustion sensor (9), the method comprising the steps of: specifying a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7); controlling the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the first setpoint value for the signal originating from the first combustion sensor (9); using the first combustion sensor (9) to record a first signal; using the second sensor (10, 11) to record a second signal; determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; comparing the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the second fuel (7) is of a different composition from the first fuel (7): determining a second setpoint value for the signal originating from the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the second fuel (7); and controlling the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the second setpoint value for the signal originating from the first combustion sensor (9).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one duct selected from the air supply duct and the fuel supply duct (8), the method comprising the step of: controlling the combustion device (1) using the at least one actuator (4; 6) and using the first combustion sensor (9) to the first setpoint value for the signal originating from the first combustion sensor (9).

3. The method according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one duct selected from the air supply duct and the fuel supply duct (8), the method comprising the step of: controlling the combustion device (1) using the at least one actuator (4; 6) and using the first combustion sensor (9) to the second setpoint value for the signal originating from the first combustion sensor (9).

4. The method according to one of claims 1 to 3, the method comprising the steps of: determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; determining a first, negative or a first, positive sign of the first index; and determining the second fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the first, negative or first, positive sign of the first index.

5. The method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one duct selected from the air supply duct and the fuel supply duct (8), the method comprising the steps of: changing a position of the at least one actuator (4; 6); after changing the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), using the first combustion sensor (9) to record a third signal; after changing the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), using the second sensor (10, 11) to record a fourth signal; determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; comparing the first fuel (7) with the third fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the first fuel (7) is of a different composition from the third fuel (7): determining a third setpoint value for the signal originating from the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the third fuel (7); and controlling the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the third setpoint value for the signal originating from the first combustion sensor (9).

6. The method according to claim 5, the method comprising the steps of: determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; determining a second index as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; and determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.

7. The method according to claim 6, the method comprising the steps of: determining a second, negative or a second, positive sign of the second index; and determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second index and as a function of the second, negative or second, positive sign of the second index.

8. The method according to claims 6 and 7, the method comprising the step of: determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index and as a function of the second, negative or second, positive sign of the second index.

9. Computer program comprising commands which cause a closed- and / or open-loop control and / or monitoring unit (18) of a combustion device (1), wherein the closed- and / or open-loop control and / or monitoring unit (18) is communicatively connected to a first combustion sensor (9) of the combustion device (1) and to a second sensor (10, 11) of the combustion device (1), to carry out the method steps of one of the methods according to claims 1 to 8.

10. Computer-readable medium, on which the computer program according to claim 9 is stored.

11. Combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), at least one duct selected from an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8), at least one actuator (4; 6) which acts on the at least one duct, a first combustion sensor (9) in the combustion chamber (2), a second sensor (10, 11), which is different from the first combustion sensor (9), a closed- and / or open-loop control and / or monitoring unit (18) in communicative connection with the at least one actuator (4; 6), the first combustion sensor (9) and the second sensor (10, 11), wherein the closed- and / or open-loop control and / or monitoring unit (18) is configured to: receive a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7); control the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) and using the at least one actuator (4; 6) to the first setpoint value for the signal originating from the first combustion sensor (9); use the first combustion sensor (9) to record a first signal; use the second sensor (10, 11) to record a second signal; determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; compare the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the second fuel (7) is of a different composition from the first fuel (7): determine a second setpoint value for the signal originating from the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the second fuel (7); and control the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) and using the at least one actuator (4; 6) to the second setpoint value for the signal originating from the first combustion sensor (9).

12. The combustion device (1) according to claim 11, wherein the closed- and / or open-loop control and / or monitoring unit (18) is configured to: determine a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; determine a first, negative or a first, positive sign of the first index; and determine the second fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the first, negative or first, positive sign of the first index.

13. The combustion device (1) according to one of claims 11 to 12, wherein the closed- and / or open-loop control and / or monitoring unit (18) is configured to: adjust the at least one actuator (4; 6); after adjustment of the at least one actuator (4; 6), use the first combustion sensor (9) to record a third signal; after adjustment of the at least one actuator (4; 6), use the second sensor (10, 11) to record a fourth signal; determine a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function the fourth signal; compare the first fuel (7) with the third fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the first fuel (7) is of a different composition from the third fuel (7): determine a third setpoint value for the signal originating from the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the third fuel (7); and control the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) and using the at least one actuator (4; 6) to the third setpoint value for the signal originating from the first combustion sensor (9).

14. The combustion device (1) according to claim 13, wherein the closed- and / or open-loop control and / or monitoring unit (18) is configured to: determine a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; determine a second index as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; and determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.

15. The combustion device (1) according to claim 14, wherein the closed- and / or open-loop control and / or monitoring unit (18) is configured to: determine a second, negative or a second, positive sign of the second index; and determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second index and as a function of the second, negative or second, positive sign of the second index.

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