Detergent portion units

Abstract

The invention relates to a portion unit comprising at least one filled receiving chamber which is surrounded by a film, obtainable by a method comprising the steps of: a) transporting a first film in the direction of a heating device; b) bringing the first film into contact with a surface of the heating device; c) heating the first film using the heating device; d) breaking the contact between the first film and the heating device; e) moulding the first heated film into the cavities of a deep-drawing mould to form a receiving container having at least one receiving chamber; f) filling the at least one receiving chamber; and g) optionally sealing and separating the filled receiving containers to form the portion unit, wherein the surface region of the heating device that is brought into contact with the film has at least one depression, and the at least one depression is covered in step b) by the portions of the first film that are moulded into the cavity of the deep-drawing mould in step e).

Description

[0001] DETERGENT PORTION UNITS

[0002] The present invention relates to a portion unit, in particular a washing or cleaning agent portion unit with at least one receiving chamber formed by a film material.

[0003] The packaging and distribution of consumer goods are constantly evolving. In the area of ​​detergents and cleaning agents, for example, there has been a focus for some time on convenient dosing for consumers and simplifying the steps required for a washing or cleaning process. Pre-portioned detergents and cleaning agents, such as foil pouches with one or more compartments for solid or liquid detergents or cleaning agents, offer a technical solution.

[0004] A relevant trend for the production of these film bags is the miniaturization of these bags. In addition to increased consumer acceptance due to easier handling, this development is driven by sustainability considerations, for example, with regard to the amount of packaging used.

[0005] The film bags described above are manufactured using multi-stage processes during which water-soluble film materials are formed into cavities, filled, and then sealed, for example by applying heat and vacuum. While heating the film increases its plasticity, the force resulting from the vacuum applied to the heated film causes it to stretch and plastically deform. In this process, the film is not stretched homogeneously across its surface; rather, areas of high stretch, for example, in the edge area of ​​the cavity, alternate with areas of lower stretch. A film material with a homogeneous film thickness is thus transformed into a deformed film in the shape of a receptacle with a heterogeneous film thickness distribution. This heterogeneous film thickness distribution becomes more pronounced the more the original film material is deformed.The degree of deformation generally increases, for example, with the number of receiving chambers formed in the receiving container or their depth.

[0006] Among other factors, both the film thickness distribution and the absolute film thickness determine the haptic, optical, and mechanical properties of the film pouch. Film pouches with large differences in film thickness are often perceived as less appealing. Film pouches with a low minimum film thickness deform more easily under their own weight than corresponding film pouches with a higher film thickness and appear flabby. These film pouches withstand mechanical stress to a lesser extent and detach too quickly when exposed to water. The latter two properties are not only relevant for film pouches in the areas of production, transport, and storage, but also have a particularly significant impact on product safety, for example, in the event of accidental oral ingestion.

[0007] To increase the homogeneity of the wall thickness in deep-drawing processes, the international application WO 2019 / 06448 A1 proposes a deep-drawing process in which a flat film is subjected to a temperature profile.

[0008] With the same objective, European patent application EP2298536 A2 and international patent application WO 2020 / 1520441 A1 propose methods using heating devices with heterogeneous temperature distribution.

[0009] However, these previously described solutions require complex equipment and are only suitable to a limited extent for high throughputs. Furthermore, setting up and converting the corresponding thermoforming lines is costly.

[0010] Against this technical background, the application was based on the task of providing a portion unit which combines maximum stability with an appealing appearance and feel with minimal equipment expenditure and minimal use of film materials used for packaging.

[0011] A first subject matter of the application is a portion unit with at least one filled receiving chamber surrounded by a film, obtainable by a method comprising the steps of a) transporting a first film towards a heating device; b) bringing the first film into contact with a surface of the heating device; c) heating the first film by means of the heating device; d) breaking the contact between the first film and the heating device; e) forming the first heated film into the cavities of a deep-drawing die to form a receiving container with at least one receiving chamber; f) filling the at least one receiving chamber;g) optionally closing and separating the filled receptacles to form the portion unit, wherein the surface area of ​​the heating device which is brought into contact with the film has at least one depression and the at least one depression is covered in step b) by the partial areas of the first film which are formed into the cavity of the deep-drawing die in step e);

[0012] The detergent portion units produced according to the invention are characterized by a uniform thickness of the water-soluble film, high mechanical stability, minimal packaging usage, and simultaneously advantageous haptics and appearance. The portion units obtainable according to the invention are preferably produced by forming water-soluble films in a thermoforming apparatus.

[0013] The water-soluble film may comprise one or more structurally different water-soluble polymers. Particularly suitable water-soluble polymers for the first water-soluble film are polymers from the group of (optionally acetalized) polyvinyl alcohols (PVAL) and their copolymers.

[0014] Water-soluble films for producing the portion unit are preferably based on a polyvinyl alcohol or a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, the molecular weight of which is preferably in the range of 10,000 to 1,000,000 gmol -1 , preferably from 20,000 to 500,000 gmol -1 , particularly preferably from 30,000 to 100,000 gmol -1 and especially from 40,000 to 80,000 gmol -1 Preferred water-soluble films comprise at least 30 wt.%, preferably at least 50 wt.% and in particular at least 70 wt.% polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol copolymers.

[0015] The production of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol copolymers generally involves the hydrolysis of intermediate polyvinyl acetate. Preferred polyvinyl alcohols and polyvinyl alcohol copolymers have a degree of hydrolysis of 70 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol%, and especially 82 to 88 mol%.

[0016] Preferred polyvinyl alcohol copolymers comprise, in addition to vinyl alcohol, an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, its salt, or its ester. Particularly preferably, such polyvinyl alcohol copolymers contain, in addition to vinyl alcohol, sulfonic acids such as 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic esters, methacrylic esters, or mixtures thereof; among the esters, C1-4 alkyl esters or hydroxyalkyl esters are preferred. Other suitable monomers include ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, for example, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0017] Suitable water-soluble films for use in the portion units according to the invention are films sold by MonoSol LLC, for example, under the designation M8630, M8720, M8310, C8400, or M8900. Other suitable films include films named Solublon® PT, Solublon® GA, Solublon® KC, or Solublon® KL from Aicello Chemical Europe GmbH, or the VF-HP films from Kuraray and the Hi-Selon series from Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation.

[0018] The first, preferably water-soluble film preferably has a thickness of 10 to 90 μm, more preferably 30 to 60 μm. The water-soluble films may contain additional active ingredients or fillers, as well as plasticizers and / or solvents, especially water, as additional ingredients.

[0019] The group of other active ingredients includes, for example, materials that protect the detergent ingredients enclosed in the film material from decomposition or deactivation by light exposure. Antioxidants, UV absorbers, and fluorescent dyes have proven particularly suitable for this purpose.

[0020] Plasticizers that can be used include, for example, glycerin, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, sorbitol or mixtures thereof.

[0021] To reduce its friction coefficient, the surface of the water-soluble film of the detergent dispenser can optionally be dusted with fine powder. Sodium aluminosilicate, silicon dioxide, talc, and amylose are examples of suitable powdering agents.

[0022] The surface area of ​​the heating device surrounding the recess, with which the film is brought into contact in step b), is preferably flat. Particularly preferred materials for manufacturing the surface of the heating device with which the water-soluble film is in contact in step b) are ceramic or metal, especially aluminum.

[0023] Preferred heating devices have a metallic surface, in particular a metallic surface comprising aluminum. Due to their thermally conductive properties, metallic heating device surfaces are preferred which consist of at least 70 wt.%, preferably at least 90 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 98 wt.%, and in particular entirely of aluminum. Metallic surfaces enable efficient heat transfer to the preferably water-soluble film, especially with short contact times, and advantageously influence the properties of the portion unit.

[0024] The flat surface areas of the heating device can be structured to control heat transfer or to prevent adhesion. Surfaces structured in this way have, for example, visible or noticeable unevenness such as grooves. The structural elements naturally differ from the recesses in terms of their depth and width. In preferred structured surface areas, the maximum depth of the structural elements is less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.2 mm and in particular less than 0.1 mm. The maximum depth corresponds to the maximum length of a line orthogonal to the opening surface between a point on the opening surface and a point on the base surface of the structural element. The structures are again also suitable for improving the properties of the portion units obtainable according to the invention. Preferred heating devices have a circumferential border.The border encloses the flat surface area and the depression(s) formed in this surface area. Preferably, the border encloses at least four, preferably at least eight, and in particular at least sixteen depressions.

[0025] By means of the border, a film placed over the heating device is spaced from the heated surface. Contact between the film and the surface of the heating device therefore only occurs through the application of targeted force, for example by applying a negative pressure between the heating device surface and the film. As a result, the contact times between the heated surface and the film can be specifically controlled, even at high process speeds. Since the described spacing effect is less pronounced with a low border height, while the effect of the negative pressure used is reduced with a high border height, the height of the border is preferably 0.5 to 2 mm, particularly preferably 0.8 to 1.2 mm. A border height of 1 mm is very particularly preferred.

[0026] In summary, preferred portion units are obtainable by a process in which the surface area of ​​the heating device surrounding the recess is flat and is enclosed by a peripheral border with a height of 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 mm.

[0027] With regard to the desired homogeneous film expansion, it has proven advantageous if the opening area of ​​the at least one recess is smaller than the opening area of ​​the cavity. In preferred processes, the opening area of ​​the at least one recess is 40 to 95%, preferably 50 to 90%, and in particular 60 to 80% of the opening area of ​​the cavity.

[0028] To achieve homogeneous film expansion in the portion units obtainable according to the invention, it is further advantageous to replicate the outline of the opening surface of the recess to the outline of the opening surface of the cavity. A replica is the two-dimensional shape of the opening surface of a recess that resembles the two-dimensional shape of the opening surface of the cavity, for example, with regard to the number of corners present.

[0029] It is particularly preferred if the outline of the opening area of ​​the recess is obtained from the outline of the opening area of ​​the cavity by a reduction, wherein reduction factors of 0.4 to 0.95, preferably of 0.5 to 0.9 and in particular of 0.6 to 0.8 are preferably used.

[0030] Preferred recesses have an opening area with a maximum diameter of 10 to 40 mm, preferably 20 to 35 mm. The maximum depth of preferred recesses is 0.5 to 7 mm, preferably 0.8 to 4 mm. The maximum depth corresponds to the maximum length of a line orthogonal to the opening area between a point on the opening area and a point on the bottom surface of the recess.

[0031] The recesses can have different spatial shapes. Preferred recesses have, in addition to the edge of the opening surface, at most one further edge. It is further preferred if the recesses do not have any side surfaces orthogonal to the opening surface. Rather, preference is given to recesses that are defined exclusively by their opening surface and a base surface directly adjacent to the opening surface. Particularly preferred recesses have, for example, a hemispherical, compressed hemispherical, elongated hemispherical, or compressed and elongated hemispherical spatial shape. The base surface can be flattened, for example in the form of a region plane-parallel to the opening surface.

[0032] Preferred depressions are characterized by a bottom surface that slopes continuously from its edge to its lowest point. Of course, the depression may have more than one lowest point. For example, as described above, the depression may have a bottom surface that is partially plane-parallel to the opening surface. In such an embodiment, the bottom surface has a continuous slope between the edge of the depression and the edge of the plane-parallel region of the bottom surface.

[0033] The gradient can be linear or non-linear. Both the absolute gradient and its relative gradient have proven to be relevant for the achieved film thickness homogeneity. Preferred depressions have a bottom surface that slopes continuously from their edge to their deepest point, the gradient of which is linear over at least 10%, preferably 30%, of the shortest distance from the edge to the deepest point. Process variants that use depressions that have a bottom surface that slopes continuously from their edge to their deepest point, the gradient of which is linear over 10 to 90%, preferably 30 to 80%, of the shortest distance from the edge to the deepest point have proven advantageous.

[0034] It is preferred if the depression has a bottom surface which slopes continuously from its edge to its deepest point, the gradient of which changes at least at one point over the shortest distance from the edge to the deepest point.

[0035] Preferably, the depression has a bottom surface which slopes continuously from its edge to its deepest point, the gradient of which on the shortest stretch from the edge to the deepest point is 10 to 50%, preferably 15 to 40%, over the entire stretch.

[0036] The advantageous properties of the portion units obtainable according to the invention are particularly pronounced when using recesses with a volume of 1 to 8 ml, preferably 1 to 6 ml. The ratio of the maximum depth of the recess in step b) to the maximum depth of the cavity in step e) is preferably 2:3 to 1:5, particularly preferably 1:2 to 1:4. A corresponding ratio has proven advantageous both with regard to the homogeneity of the film thickness distribution and with regard to process control.

[0037] The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for producing portion units with complex geometries or for portion units with more than one receiving chamber. In a preferred embodiment of the method, the portion unit therefore has at least two, preferably at least three, and in particular at least four receiving chambers, wherein the heating device has a number of recesses corresponding to the number of receiving chambers, which recesses are covered in step b) by the partial regions of the first film, which are formed in step e) into the cavity of the deep-drawing die to form the at least two, preferably at least three, and in particular at least four receiving chambers.

[0038] If portion units are produced with two or more receiving chambers, the receiving chambers may be identical in terms of their spatial shape or dimensions, but may also differ. The advantages of the method according to the invention with regard to achieving homogeneous film thickness distributions are particularly evident in the production of portion units that have at least two recesses that differ in their maximum depth.

[0039] The surface of the heating device is preferably flat between two adjacent recesses belonging to a portion unit. The minimum distance between two such adjacent recesses is preferably 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the two, three, or four receiving chambers, and consequently also the recesses associated with the receiving chambers, are arranged to at least partially enclose one another. This procedure is implemented, for example, in the production of portion units with at least two, preferably at least three, and in particular at least four receiving chambers, one of which forms a center point around which the remaining chambers are arranged rotationally symmetrically.

[0041] As stated at the outset, the heating device preferably has a metallic surface. This preferably metallic surface in turn has depressions which enable the efficient production of portion units with maximum stability and an appealing appearance and feel, with minimal equipment expenditure and minimal use of film materials used for packaging. These advantageous properties of the method according to the invention can be enhanced by at least partially coating the surface of the heating device. It is particularly advantageous if the surface of the heating device is at least partially coated in the region of the depression. Such a coating, like the depressions in the surface, influences the film thickness distribution of the produced receptacles.In this context, it has proven advantageous to coat the entire surface of the heating device in the area of ​​the recess(es).

[0042] The coating may extend to the surface of the heating device in the region of the depression(s) and the edge region surrounding the depression.

[0043] The coating of the heater surface in the region of the recesses necessarily leads to at least partial filling of the recess volume. In variants of the method according to the invention, the at least one recess is filled with a coating material to at least 60 vol.%, preferably to at least 80 vol.%, and in particular completely.

[0044] The coating may cover 5 to 80%, preferably 10 to 70% and in particular 20 to 50% of the surface area of ​​the heating device which is brought into contact with the film in step b).

[0045] Suitable coating materials include metals and polymers, especially rubber and silicone. Silicone coatings are particularly preferred due to their heat resistance and moldability.

[0046] Preferred coating agents have a lower thermal conductivity and / or a lower heat transfer coefficient than the heater surface.

[0047] The thickness of the coating is preferably 100 to 4000 pm, particularly preferably 200 to 2000 pm.

[0048] Any coatings can be bonded to the base surface in a variety of ways. Adhesive bonds are suitable for creating a permanent and stable bond between the heater surface and the coating agent. Clamp or plug connections, on the other hand, are preferably used in cases where rapid replacement of the coating agent is desired, for example, due to wear or to change process parameters.

[0049] For the film thickness distribution of the process product, it has proven advantageous if the coating in step b) is in contact with the surface portion of the water-soluble film, which is formed into the cavity of the thermoforming tray in step e). In a preferred process variant, the first film in step b) is brought into contact with the heating device on only one side. Compared to processes using two heating devices, the process according to the invention not only involves less equipment expenditure, it also enables a more compact design of the production line.

[0050] Preferably, in step b), the upper side of the film is brought into contact with the heating device. The upper side is the side of the film that is still spatially oriented upwards. For this purpose, the heating device is preferably lowered toward the film in step b).

[0051] To reduce the process time and ensure reproducible contact between the first water-soluble film and the surface of the heating device, the film is brought into contact with the heating device in step b) by means of a negative pressure. Furthermore, it is preferred to maintain contact between the film and the heating device by maintaining a negative pressure. The level of a corresponding negative pressure, which is established between the heating device and the film in step b), is preferably 200 to 800 mbar and in particular 400 to 700 mbar.

[0052] To support the uniform development of a negative pressure between the heating device and the water-soluble film, the surface of the heating device preferably has holes through which gas located between the heating device and the film can be removed. These holes are preferably located 60%, preferably 90%, especially 95%, and most preferably completely outside the recesses.

[0053] In step c), the film is preferably heated for a period of 0.5 to 7 seconds, preferably 1 to 6 seconds and in particular 2 to 5 seconds.

[0054] The metallic surface of the heating device preferably has a temperature in the range of 23 to 150°C, preferably 80 to 135°C. It is particularly preferred if the surface of the heating device in the region of the elevation(s) with which the water-soluble film is in contact in step b) has a temperature in the range of 90 to 150°C, preferably 110 to 135°C.

[0055] To further equalize the expansion factors of the different sections of the water-soluble film forming the receiving container, it has also proven advantageous if the at least one elevation in step c) is in contact with each surface section of the water-soluble film that forms the edge region of the receiving chamber(s) of the receiving container. For the same reasons, it is preferred that the surface sections of the water-soluble film that form the bottom region of the receiving chamber(s) of the receiving container are not in contact with the heating device in step c).

[0056] In order to increase the process efficiency and to increase the film thickness homogeneity in the process according to the invention, it has proven advantageous if the film in step c) is located between the heating device and the deep-drawing die used in step e), wherein the distance between the surface of the heating device and the deep-drawing die is preferably less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5 mm, in particular 0.1 to 2 mm and particularly preferably 0.2 to 1 mm.

[0057] In step d), the contact between the first water-soluble film and the surface of the heating device is removed. For this purpose, any negative pressure acting between the heating device and the film is eliminated. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method, in step d), a negative pressure previously created between the heating device and the film is eliminated, and the heating device is raised simultaneously or subsequently.

[0058] At the beginning of step e), the film preferably has a temperature above its glass transition temperature.

[0059] In step e), the film is molded into the cavity of a deep-drawing die. For this purpose, a vacuum is created between the film and the deep-drawing die, preferably for a duration of 0.5 to 7 seconds, preferably 1 to 5 seconds. This vacuum created between the film and the deep-drawing die is preferably 100 to 600 mbar, and in particular 200 to 400 mbar.

[0060] During molding into the cavity of the deep-drawing die, the surface area of ​​the water-soluble film is preferably increased by at least 80%, preferably by at least 120%, in particular by 120 to 300%, particularly preferably by 180 to 260%. Accordingly, following step e), the film has a total stretch factor of preferably at least 1.2, preferably from 1.2 to 3.0, and in particular from 1.8 to 2.6. At the same time, the maximum local stretch factor of the water-soluble film following step e) is preferably from 1.8 to 4, particularly preferably from 2 to 2.8.

[0061] It is particularly preferred if the water-soluble film is molded in step e) to form a receiving container with at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers.

[0062] The receiving chamber(s) formed in step e) preferably have a filling volume of 2 to 8 ml, particularly preferably 3 to 7 ml. The filling volume of the receiving container in step e) is preferably 2 to 50 ml, more preferably 10 to 40 ml and in particular 13 to 25 ml. In preferred process variants in which the receiving container has at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers, the ratio of the volume of the largest receiving chamber to the volume of the smallest receiving chamber is 4:1 to 1:1, preferably 3:1 to 1:1.

[0063] For reasons of process efficiency, the process according to the invention is designed such that not just a single detergent portion unit is produced in one process run, but rather a plurality of detergent portion units in parallel. Preferably, in step e), a sheet-like structure with at least 14, preferably at least 20, receptacles is formed.

[0064] In this sheet-like structure, the receiving containers are preferably arranged in rows. With regard to subsequent filling, the sheet-like structures formed in step e) are preferably arranged in rows that are orthogonal to the transport direction of the water-soluble film.

[0065] In an alternative embodiment, in step e), a sheet-like structure is formed in which the receiving containers are arranged in rows which run orthogonally to the transport direction of the water-soluble film and are offset from one another by one third of the width of a receiving container, preferably by half the width of a receiving container.

[0066] In the sheet-like structure, the receiving containers are preferably arranged such that each receiving container is adjacent to at least one intermediate region, which in turn is surrounded by three receiving containers.

[0067] At least one of the receiving chambers of the receiving container is filled in step f). Solid and liquid detergents or cleaning agents are suitable for filling.

[0068] Particularly in cases where the added washing or cleaning agents are not adhesively bonded to the water-soluble film material, as may be the case with melts, for example, the filled receiving chamber of the receiving container is sealed. Corresponding methods, in the course of which the receiving chamber of the receiving container is filled in a further step f) and the filled receiving chamber is sealed in a subsequent step g) using a second water-soluble film, are preferred with regard to product aesthetics and handling. This application provides, among other things, the following subject matter:

[0069] 1 . Portion unit with at least one filled receiving chamber surrounded by a film, obtainable by a method comprising the steps of a) transporting a first film towards a heating device; b) bringing the first film into contact with a surface of the heating device; c) heating the first film by means of the heating device; d) breaking the contact between the first film and the heating device; e) molding the first heated film into the cavities of a deep-drawing die to form a receiving container with at least one receiving chamber; f) filling the at least one receiving chamber;g) optionally closing and separating the filled receptacles to form the portion unit, wherein the surface area of ​​the heating device which is brought into contact with the film has at least one depression and the at least one depression is covered in step b) by the partial areas of the first film which are formed into the cavity of the deep-drawing die in step e);

[0070] 2. Portion unit according to item 1, wherein the surface area of ​​the heating device surrounding the recess is flat.

[0071] 3. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the surface area of ​​the heating device surrounding the recess is flat and has a structured surface (structured surface = visible or tangible unevenness such as grooves)

[0072] 4. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the surface area of ​​the heating device surrounding the recess is flat, which is enclosed by a peripheral border with a height of 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 mm,

[0073] 5. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the opening area of ​​the at least one recess is smaller than the opening area of ​​the cavity.

[0074] 6. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the opening area of ​​the at least one recess is 40 to 95%, preferably 50 to 90% and in particular 60 to 80% of the opening area of ​​the cavity.

[0075] 7. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the outline of the opening surface of the recess is modeled on the outline of the opening surface of the cavity.

[0076] 8. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the outline of the opening area of ​​the recess is obtained from the outline of the opening area of ​​the cavity by a reduction factor of 0.4 to 0.95, preferably 0.5 to 0.9, and in particular 0.6 to 0.8. 9. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the recess has an opening area with a maximum diameter of 10 to 40 mm, preferably 20 to 35 mm.

[0077] 10. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the recess has a maximum depth (measured as the orthogonal distance between the opening surface and the bottom surface of the recess) of 0.5 to 7 mm, preferably of 0.8 to 4 mm.

[0078] 11 .Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the recess has a hemispherical, compressed hemispherical, stretched hemispherical or compressed and stretched hemispherical spatial shape.

[0079] 12. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the bottom surface of the recess is flattened and preferably runs plane-parallel to the opening surface.

[0080] 13. Portion unit according to any of the preceding points, wherein the depression has a bottom surface which slopes continuously from its edge to its lowest point.

[0081] 14. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the depression has a bottom surface which slopes continuously from its edge to its deepest point, the gradient of which is linear over the shortest distance from the edge to the deepest point for at least 10%, preferably for 30% of the distance.

[0082] 15. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the depression has a bottom surface which slopes continuously from its edge to its deepest point, the gradient of which is linear over the shortest distance from the edge to the deepest point from 10 to 90%, preferably from 30 to 80% of the distance.

[0083] 16. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the depression has a bottom surface which slopes continuously from its edge to its deepest point, the gradient of which changes at least at one point over the shortest distance from the edge to the deepest point.

[0084] 17. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the depression has a bottom surface which slopes continuously from its edge to its lowest point, the gradient of which on the shortest stretch from the edge to the lowest point is 10 to 50%, preferably 15 to 40%, over the entire stretch.

[0085] 18. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the recess has a volume of 1 to 8 ml, preferably 1 to 6 ml.

[0086] 19. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the portion unit has at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers, wherein the heating device has a number of recesses corresponding to the number of receiving chambers, which recesses are covered in step b) by the partial regions of the first film which are formed in step e) into the cavity of the deep-drawing die to form the at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers.

[0087] 20. Portion unit according to point 19, where at least two of the recesses differ in their maximum depth.

[0088] 21 . Portion unit according to item 20, wherein the heating device is flat between the recesses.

[0089] 22. Portion unit according to one of the items 19 to 21, wherein the heating device is flat between the recesses and the minimum distance between two recesses is 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm.

[0090] 23. Portion unit according to one of items 19 to 22, wherein the at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers at least partially enclose one another.

[0091] 24. Portion unit according to items 19 to 23, wherein the portion unit has at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers which are arranged rotationally symmetrically around a common center point.

[0092] 25. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the film has a thickness of 10 to 90 pm, preferably 30 to 60 pm.

[0093] 26. Portion unit according to one of the previous points, wherein the film is selected from the group of water-soluble films.

[0094] 27. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the film is selected from the group of water-soluble films comprising polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol copolymers.

[0095] 28. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the film is selected from the group of water-soluble films and comprises at least 30 wt.%, preferably at least 50 wt.% and in particular at least 70 wt.% polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol copolymers.

[0096] 29. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the heating device has a metallic surface.

[0097] 30. Portion unit according to any one of the preceding points, wherein the heating device has a metallic surface comprising aluminum.

[0098] 31. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the heating device has a metallic surface which consists of at least 70 wt.%, preferably at least 90 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 98 wt.% and in particular completely of aluminum.

[0099] 32. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the surface of the heating device is at least partially coated.

[0100] 33. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the surface of the heating device is at least partially coated.

[0101] 34. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the surface of the heating device in the region of the recess is at least partially coated.

[0102] 35. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the surface of the heating device in the region of the recess(es) is fully coated.

[0103] 36. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the surface of the heating device is coated in the region of the depression(s) as well as in the region of the edge area surrounding the depression.

[0104] 37. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the at least one recess is filled with the coating material to at least 60 vol.%, preferably to at least 80 vol.% and in particular completely.

[0105] 38. Portion unit according to any one of the preceding points, wherein the surface of the heating device is at least partially coated and the coating covers 5 to 80%, preferably 10 to 70% and in particular 20 to 50% of the surface area of ​​the heating device which is brought into contact with the film.

[0106] 39. Portion unit according to one of items 32 to 38, wherein the coating material is selected from the group of metals.

[0107] 40. Portion unit according to one of items 32 to 38, wherein the coating material is selected from the group of polymers.

[0108] 41. Portion unit according to one of items 32 to 38, wherein the coating material is selected from the group of silicones.

[0109] 42. Portion unit according to one of items 32 to 38, wherein the coating material is selected from the group of rubbers.

[0110] 43. Portion unit according to one of points 32 to 42, wherein the coating has a thickness of 100 to 4000 μm, preferably of 200 to 2000 μm. Portion unit according to one of points 32 to 43, wherein the coating has a lower thermal conductivity than the metallic base surface. Portion unit according to one of points 32 to 44, wherein the coating has a lower heat transfer coefficient than the metallic base surface. Portion unit according to one of points 32 to 45, wherein the coating is connected to the base surface by means of an adhesive connection. Portion unit according to one of points 32 to 46, wherein the coating is connected to the base surface by means of a clamp connection. Portion unit according to one of the previous points 32 to 47, wherein the coating is connected to the base surface by means of a plug connection.Portion unit according to one of items 32 to 48, wherein the coating in step b) is in contact with the surface portion of the water-soluble film which is formed into the cavity of the deep-drawing tray in step e). Portion unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first water-soluble film is brought into contact with the heating device on only one side in step b. Portion unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in step b) the upper side of the water-soluble film is brought into contact with the heating device. Portion unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in step b) the heating device is lowered towards the water-soluble film. Portion unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface of the heating device has holes by means of which gas located between the heating device and the film can be discharged.Portion unit according to item 50, wherein 60%, preferably 90%, in particular 95%, and very particularly preferably completely, of the holes are located outside the depressions. Portion unit according to one of the preceding items, wherein in step b) the water-soluble film is brought into contact with the heating device by the action of a negative pressure. Portion unit according to one of the preceding items, wherein in step b) the water-soluble film is kept in contact with the heating device by the action of a negative pressure. Portion unit according to one of items 56 or 56, wherein in step b) a pressure of 200 to 800 mbar, preferably 400 to 700 mbar, is built up between the heating device and the water-soluble film. Portion unit according to one of the preceding items, wherein in step c) the water-soluble film is heated over a period of 0.5 to 7 seconds, preferably 1 to 6 seconds, and in particular 2 to 5 seconds.Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the water-soluble film is located below the heating device in step c) and above the deep-drawing die used in step e). Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the water-soluble film is located below the heating device in step c) and above the deep-drawing die used in step e), and the distance between the surface of the heating device and the surface of the deep-drawing die is less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5 mm and in particular between 0.1 and 2 mm, particularly preferably between 0.2 and 1 mm. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein in step d) the negative pressure between the heating device and the water-soluble film is removed.Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein in step d) the negative pressure between the heating device and the water-soluble film is released and simultaneously or subsequently the heating device is raised. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein in step d) a negative pressure is built up between the water-soluble film and the deep-drawing die for a duration of 0.5 to 7 seconds, preferably 1 to 5 seconds. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein in step d) a pressure of 100 to 600 mbar, preferably 200 to 400 mbar, is built up between the water-soluble film and the deep-drawing die. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein in step e) the water-soluble film is molded to form a receiving container with at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers.Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the receiving container in step e) has a filling volume of 2 to 50 ml, preferably of 10 to 40 ml and in particular of 13 to 25 ml. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the receiving chamber(s) in step e) have (have) a filling volume of 2 to 8 ml, preferably of 3 to 7 ml. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the receiving container has at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers and the ratio of the volume of the largest receiving chamber to the volume of the smallest receiving chamber is 4:1 to 1:1, preferably 3:1 to 1:1. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein in step e) the surface area of ​​the water-soluble film is increased by at least 80%, preferably by at least 120%, in particular by 120 to 300%, particularly preferably by 180 to 260%.Portion unit n according to one of the preceding points, wherein the water-soluble film following step e) has a total stretch factor of 1.8 to 2.6. Portion unit n according to one of the preceding points, wherein the water-soluble film following step e) has a maximum local stretch factor of 1.8 to 4, preferably of 2 to 2.8. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the metallic surface of the heating device has a temperature in the range of 23 to 150°C, preferably of 80 to 135°C. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein in step e) a sheet-like structure with at least 14, preferably at least 20 receptacles is formed. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein in step e) a sheet-like structure is formed in which the receptacles are arranged in rows.Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein in step e) a sheet-like structure is formed in which the receiving containers are arranged in rows which run orthogonal to the transport direction of the water-soluble film. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein in step e) a sheet-like structure is formed in which the receiving containers are arranged in rows which run orthogonal to the transport direction of the water-soluble film and are offset from one another by one-third of the width of a receiving container, preferably by half the width of a receiving container. Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein in step e) a sheet-like structure is formed in which each receiving container is adjacent to at least one intermediate region, which in turn is surrounded by three receiving containers.Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the at least one receiving chamber of the receiving container is filled with a washing or cleaning agent in a further step f). Portion unit according to one of the preceding points, wherein the at least one receiving chamber of the receiving container is filled in a further step f) and the filled receiving chamber is sealed in a subsequent step g) by means of a second film, preferably a water-soluble film.

[0111] Examples

[0112] A water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol film (88 μm thick) was heated using various heating devices and subsequently formed into a droplet-shaped receiving chamber by applying negative pressure. The heating plate temperature was 120°C in each case. Except for the heating device, the process parameters used in the experiments were identical.

[0113] The following two heating devices were used:

[0114] Heating device 1 : completely flat heating plate (aluminum)

[0115] Heating device 2: Heating plate (aluminium) with a recess (maximum depth 1 mm) whose outline is modeled on the drop-shaped receiving chamber with a reduction factor of 0.8

[0116] Following the deep-drawing process, the film thickness in the receiving chambers was determined using optical methods (film thickness analyzer) along a cross-section orthogonal to the droplet's longitudinal axis. The film thickness was measured at nine equidistant measuring points along the cross-section.

[0117] Film thickness ([pm])

[0118] The receiving chambers obtained using the indented heating plate are characterized by a higher film thickness despite the identical starting film. Portion units obtained by filling them with a liquid detergent and subsequently sealing them with a second water-soluble film exhibited improved mechanical stability.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Portion unit with at least one filled receiving chamber surrounded by a film, obtainable by a method comprising the steps of: a) transporting a first film towards a heating device; b) bringing the first film into contact with a surface of the heating device; c) heating the first film by means of the heating device; d) removing the contact between the first film and the heating device; e) forming the first heated film into the cavities of a thermoforming die, forming a receiving container with at least one receiving chamber; f) filling the at least one receiving chamber;g) optionally closing and singulating the filled receiving containers to form the portion unit, wherein the surface area of ​​the heating device which is brought into contact with the film has at least one depression and the at least one depression in step b) is covered by the partial areas of the first film which are formed into the cavity of the thermoforming die in step e).

2. Portion unit according to claim 1, wherein the opening area of ​​the at least one depression is smaller than the opening area of ​​the cavity.

3. Portion unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the opening area of ​​the at least one depression is 40 to 95%, preferably 50 to 90% and particularly 60 to 80% of the opening area of ​​the cavity.

4. Portion unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the outline of the opening surface of the depression is modeled after the outline of the opening surface of the cavity.

5. Portion unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the outline of the opening surface of the depression is obtained from the outline of the opening surface of the cavity by a reduction factor of 0.4 to 0.95, preferably of 0.5 to 0.9 and particularly of 0.6 to 0.

8.

6. Portion unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the depression has a volume of 1 to 8 ml, preferably 1 to 6 ml.

7. Portion unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the film has a thickness of 10 to 90 pm, preferably of 30 to 60 pm.

8. Portion unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiving chamber(s) in step e) has (have) a filling volume of 2 to 8 ml, preferably 3 to 7 ml.

9. Portioning unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the portioning unit has at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers, wherein the heating device corresponds to the number of receiving chambers. number of depressions which in step b) are covered by the partial areas of the first film which in step e) are formed into the cavity of the thermoforming die to form at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers and which at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers at least partially enclose each other.Portion unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the portion unit has at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers, wherein the heating device has a number of recesses corresponding to the number of receiving chambers, which in step b) are covered by the partial areas of the first film, which in step e) are formed into the cavity of the thermoforming die to form the at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers, and wherein the portion unit has at least two, preferably at least three and in particular at least four receiving chambers which are arranged rotationally symmetrically around a common center point.Portion unit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiving container has at least two, preferably at least three, and particularly at least four receiving chambers, and the ratio of the volume of the largest receiving chamber to the volume of the smallest receiving chamber is 4:1 to 1:1, preferably 3:1 to 1:

1. Portion unit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the water-soluble film has a total stretch factor of 1.8 to 2.6 following step e). Portion unit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the water-soluble film has a maximum local stretch factor of 1.8 to 4, preferably 2 to 2.8 following step e). Portion unit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in step e) a planar structure with at least 14, preferably at least 20 receiving containers is formed.Portion unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one receiving chamber of the receiving container is filled in a further step f) and the filled receiving chamber is sealed in a subsequent step g) by means of a second film, preferably by means of a water-soluble film.

Images