Planetary gearbox device comprising oil feed nozzles and oil feed channels arranged eccentrically inside planet gears, corresponding industrial gearbox, corresponding use, and corresponding method

Abstract

The invention relates to a planetary gearbox device (10), in particular for industrial gearboxes, for example with vertical orientation of the drive train, the planetary gearbox device comprising: a planet carrier having planet gears coupled thereto and a planetary ring gear supported in a gearbox housing; wherein at least one nozzle for supplying oil medium is provided in / on the gearbox housing, wherein at least one eccentrically arranged and axially extending feed channel for oil medium is provided in each of the planet gears, in particular with the at least one nozzle positioned / arranged for oil flow communication with the feed channel or with a corresponding swept diameter of the feed channels. This also helps to increase efficiency in terms of oil medium management.

Description

[0001] Planetary gear device with oil supply nozzles and oil supply channels arranged eccentrically within planetary gears, as well as corresponding industrial gear and corresponding use and corresponding method

[0002] Description

[0003] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0004] The invention relates to a planetary gear device, in particular for industrial gears, wherein the planetary gear device comprises: a planet carrier with planetary gears coupled thereto and a planetary ring gear supported in a gear housing; wherein at least one nozzle for the supply of oil medium is provided in / on the gear housing, wherein at least one eccentrically arranged and axially extending supply channel for oil medium is provided in each of the planetary gears, with the at least one nozzle in an advantageous oil-communicating relationship / arrangement. The invention also relates to a corresponding industrial gear and corresponding uses, e.g., for vertical mills or wind turbines, as well as a corresponding oil supply / supply method.

[0005] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0006] When developing and designing gearboxes, one of the things that must be taken into account is that the heat generated during operation due to power losses is dissipated from the gearbox sufficiently effectively. Furthermore, many gearbox components require lubrication, in particular to keep friction losses to a minimum and to keep the wear rate low, particularly in bearings and gears. Gear oil plays a very important role in these two functions in particular. In many gearbox designs, it is a huge challenge to supply all relevant points and components with the freshest and coolest oil possible, especially if the gearbox is not to be completely covered in oil. This is especially true for vertical installations (the axial direction of the drive train is at least approximately vertical).

[0007] To date, many (planetary) transmissions have featured oil transfer points between stationary and rotating components, primarily to supply oil at a specific pressure to the respective intended location, for example, to rotating components requiring lubricant. However, these oil transfer points are comparatively complex in terms of design and manufacturing and therefore correspondingly costly to design and implement. Furthermore, the friction losses and the associated increased wear that occur due to the contact between rotating and stationary components typically required at oil transfer points are considered disadvantageous.

[0008] The following publications describe different proposed solutions, particularly based on transfer points: CN 105705836 A and DE 10 2010 043 816 Al and DE 10 2010 043 817 Al and AU 2009200021 Al describe lubrication of the planetary bearings via transfer points and lubrication holes coaxial with the sun and / or via holes in the planetary axis and / or via intermediate chambers. DE 10 2010 031 161 Al describes lubrication of the planet carrier bearings via transfer points and lubrication holes. DE 10 2019 214 380 Al generally describes a sealing concept for an output shaft. DE 10 2016 012 501 Al generally describes a gearbox housing and sealing using shaft seals.

[0009] Further oil supply arrangements are described in the following publications: DE 10 2019 116 974 Al, US 2019 / 085972 Al, DE 10 2007 028 896 Al.

[0010] Based on this state of the art, there is also interest in even more advantageously realizing the range of functions ensured by oil / lubricants in (planetary) gears. In particular, a design concept that is as simple and technically easy to implement as possible should be a priority.

[0011] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0012] It is the object of the present invention to show measures that ensure effective

[0013] To enable the range of functions ensured by oil / lubricants in planetary gears to be implemented in a simple manner, in particular in a manner that is as variable as possible for different types of planetary gears or planetary gear designs.

[0014] The object is achieved by a planetary gear device having the features of claim 1, by an industrial gear device having the features of the co-ordinate device claim, as well as by uses according to features of the co-ordinate use claim, and by a method having the features of the co-ordinate method claim. Preferred embodiments are specified in the sub-claims and in the following description, each of which can represent an aspect of the invention, individually or in combination with one another. If a feature is presented in combination with another feature, this only serves to simplify the representation of the invention and is in no way intended to imply that this feature cannot also be a further development of the invention without the other feature.

[0015] One aspect of the invention therefore relates to the provision of oil medium on / in the transmission as well as the supply of oil medium to individual transmission components.

[0016] In this respect, a planetary gear device is provided, in particular for industrial gears, for example in a vertical alignment of the drive train, wherein the planetary gear device has: a planet carrier with planet gears coupled thereto and a planetary ring gear supported in a gear housing; wherein at least one nozzle for the supply of oil medium is provided in / on the gear housing, in particular also in oil-communicating relation / arrangement to an end face of the planet carrier, wherein at least one eccentrically arranged and axially (preferably exactly axially, i.e. orthogonal to the radial direction) supply channel for oil medium is provided in each of the planet gears, namely with the at least one nozzle in oil-communicating relation / arrangement to the supply channel or to a corresponding circumferential diameter of the supply channels.According to the invention, it is proposed to provide the oil medium without a predefined, point-based, contact-based transfer point, at least for the planetary gears and optionally also for other transmission components, in particular for the bearings of the (sun) shaft and planetary carrier. This also provides great variability and flexibility, as well as easy scalability with regard to design and / or size or performance-related adaptations. In this respect, the invention is also based on the concept of providing the oil medium contactlessly by spraying it at at least one point (nozzle) for at least one predefined area, in particular with an axial spray direction and optionally also with an axial-radial spray direction or even a purely radial spray direction.

[0017] In particular, when combining the measures described here, a very simple, compact implementation without oil transfer points and without a predefined pre-pressure for such oil transfer points can ensure that sufficient quantities of oil (oil medium) are delivered, sprayed, or provided to the desired / required locations in the gearbox without contact (i.e., without physical transmission media). For example, the (respective) contactless spray area in the axial direction has a length corresponding to the axial extent of the bearings to be sprayed, and / or, for example, the (respective) contactless spray area in the radial direction has a length corresponding to half the diameter of the planetary gears.

[0018] The range of the distribution of oil medium starting from the points / outlets of the nozzles can be predefined, in particular depending on a pre-pressure and also on the design of the nozzle, and can be up to 300 mm, for example.

[0019] In particular, a highly efficient method of lubrication can be achieved by combining the measures described here, which can be implemented in a comparatively simple manner both in terms of design and manufacturing technology. In contrast to the designs previously available in the prior art, the measures proposed according to the invention are comparatively cost-effective and easy to implement. In particular, advantages in terms of operating behavior also arise from the fact that the measures proposed according to the invention can be implemented without contacting sealing elements, i.e., contactless, particularly by spraying; this also avoids additional friction losses. In particular, no elastomer components are required between moving parts, which are usually subject to high wear rates and previously had to be replaced frequently.The free flow of oil in the gearbox also eliminates the need for costly, angled bores.

[0020] A nozzle is understood here in particular to be a non-physically connected oil outlet from which the oil medium can be discharged under predefinable outlet parameters, in particular can be sprayed into the gas phase, in particular with a predefinable quantity, direction and / or discharge pressure. The nozzles generally referred to here as nozzles can also be described as oil supply nozzles or oil spray nozzles or orifice bores designed for the contactless supply of oil medium, in particular with the respective nozzle in an oil-communicating (in particular spray-technical) relationship / arrangement with at least one of the following components: bearing of the (sun) shaft, bearing of the planet carrier, end face of the planet carrier (in particular end face of the respective planet gear or the axis of the respective planet gear), shoulder or radial-axial side flank of the planet carrier, baffle unit.

[0021] An effective spray range of the respective nozzle is also to be understood as an oil-communicating, particularly spray-technical, relation.

[0022] Personified terms, unless formulated in the neuter form, can refer to all genders within the scope of this disclosure. Any English-language expressions or abbreviations used herein are standard industry terms and are familiar to those skilled in the art in English. Any German-language terms used / usable synonymously can be indicated here in brackets for the sake of completeness, or vice versa.

[0023] In previous transmissions, contact-based or physically predefined oil transfer points between stationary and rotating components were usually required or provided. However, according to the invention, the discovery that the oil medium can also be supplied contactlessly without physically predefined transfer media or transfer points can also be utilized. In particular, if an oil reservoir sealed against centrifugal force, which is fed by at least one nozzle, is fluidly connected to the eccentrically arranged axial supply channels described here, the oil supply can be realized with very high reliability through comparatively easy-to-implement measures, in particular largely independent of any intended or current / actual oil level in the transmission housing.Furthermore, the structural design and method of oil supply can be implemented in a very compact and technically simple manner. It should also be noted that, according to the invention, no predefined oil level is required or needs to be maintained; rather, according to a flow-through principle, it can be provided that the supplied oil medium can be discharged from the housing again without any significant dwell time, which also ensures a beneficial cooling effect (if desired / necessary).

[0024] If, according to the present disclosure, a vertical direction or vertical installation position is referred to with regard to the planetary gear or industrial gear, this refers to the intended installation position in which the center lines or the axis of rotation of the respective gear component and the power shaft (here also referred to as the axial direction) are aligned in the vertical direction, i.e. along the direction of gravity.

[0025] If, according to the present disclosure, a planetary gear device is referred to, the corresponding disclosure may also refer to a single or one of several planetary gear stages of an industrial gearbox.

[0026] Preferably, at least one discharge / spray direction is defined by each nozzle; optionally, the oil medium can also be discharged in multiple directions at a corresponding discharge / spray point, for example, by providing multiple nozzles there. In particular, a nozzle arranged in a specific radial or circumferential position is connected for control / regulation purposes to an oil supply (or to a control unit regulating the oil supply), in particular such that the operating characteristics of a respective nozzle or of the respective nozzles arranged in the predefined corresponding (radial) positions can be individually adjusted, for example, also depending on the current operating parameters of the planetary gear.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the at least one eccentrically arranged and axially extending supply channel of the respective planetary gear is provided at least up to a central axial region of the planetary gear, in particular up to half the axial length of the toothed section, and there is guided or connected radially outwards, in particular exclusively radially outwards. This also promotes a fluid-dynamically initiated oil flow. The radial connection can, for example, be provided in the form of a radial outlet or opening, in particular such that the supply channel runs essentially axially and at least one radial outlet is provided only at the intended discharge point. Depending on the design of the bearing, it can also be expedient to provide several radial outlets. This can, in particular, also be dependent on operating conditions such asSpeed, viscosity and the like can be specified individually in the respective application by the person skilled in the art who is familiar with the planetary gear device described here.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the respective eccentrically arranged axial supply channel has exclusively strictly axial and / or strictly radial sections, wherein a (possible) radially oriented section is preferably configured merely as a type of radially oriented outlet, e.g., in the form of a very short bore extending radially (in particular orthogonal to the axial section). This also enables or facilitates advantageous use of fluid-mechanical effects and can facilitate the most targeted oil delivery in terms of location and / or quantity.

[0029] According to one exemplary embodiment, the respective eccentrically arranged axial supply channel opens at a bearing of the respective planetary gear, in particular between two axially adjacent bearing sections. This also enables effective distribution of the oil medium from a comparatively small number of oil outlets. The outlet points are not additionally created oil transfer points, but rather an interface at which a relative movement, already caused by the bearings, takes place, which can be advantageously used for the provision and distribution of the oil medium according to the present disclosure.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the respective planetary gear is mounted around a planetary axis, which is mounted on the planetary carrier in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular by means of an anti-rotation device, with the eccentrically arranged axial supply channel being provided in the respective planetary axis. This also promotes an advantageous relative and absolute arrangement of the eccentric supply channel and facilitates the specification of predefined flow conditions, particularly as a function of centrifugal forces.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the planetary gears are mounted for rotation about a / the respective planetary axis such that the respective planetary axis remains aligned in a predefined circumferential Z-alignment position, in particular with the respective eccentrically arranged and axially extending feed channel in a predefined eccentric, maximally radially outward radial position relative to the instantaneous center of rotation (center of the planetary carrier's rotational movement). This also facilitates the establishment of permanently consistent operating conditions and thus also facilitates the predefinition of specific oil flow conditions.

[0032] According to one exemplary embodiment, at least one nozzle is guided or aligned in an area adjacent to the end face of the respective planetary gear axle or adjacent to a circumferential diameter of the planetary gear axle. This also facilitates the forwarding or delivery of the oil to the eccentric axial supply channels.

[0033] According to one exemplary embodiment, the planetary gear device comprises a plurality of nozzles for providing oil medium, distributed radially and / or circumferentially over the (inner) circumference of the gear housing. The number and relative arrangement of the nozzles can be individually optimized by a person skilled in the art depending on the design of the gear and the individual gear components, as well as any desired oil level (oil medium fill level). Uniform distribution over the circumference, particularly with respect to a specific arrangement diameter, also provides the most precise conditions possible for each angular orbital position of the individual gear components.

[0034] According to one embodiment, at least one (further) nozzle is guided into or aligned with an area on the end face of a bearing of the planetary carrier and / or on the end face of a bearing of a (sun) shaft guided within the planetary carrier. This also enables the discharge of oil medium at several advantageous locations, with individual nozzle-specific parameters (e.g., flow rate, pressure, or the like) optionally being adjustable.

[0035] According to one exemplary embodiment, the planet carrier is designed without supply channels on the inlet side, i.e. on a flow path section of the oil medium, which figuratively speaking corresponds to a / the pressure side. In other words: the supply of the oil medium, in particular as far as the bearings of the planet gears, preferably takes place exclusively via the supply channels in the planet gear axes. This arrangement enables or facilitates the realization of an advantageous fluid dynamic effect in the manner of a suction side, in particular thanks to high centrifugal forces. According to one exemplary embodiment, the oil is supplied via an oil flow path defined by at least one supply channel, which at least on the pressure side on the way to the planets does not run through the planet carrier (but at most through the planets) or which ends on the pressure side before the planet carrier. This also makes it possible to generate a driving force on the outlet side orSuction side over a large radius in the planet carrier.

[0036] The pressure side is understood here in particular to be that section of the channel-bound oil flow path in which gravitational forces and / or centrifugal forces act fluid-dynamically in the intended oil supply direction, in particular without an actively built-up technical pressure column, i.e. without a technical system-side pre-pressure.

[0037] According to one exemplary embodiment, a baffle unit is provided on the end face of the planet gears, in particular in radial overlap with the respective eccentric supply channel, in particular in a radially inwardly open arrangement (and in a radially outwardly closed or sealing arrangement), in particular in an arrangement fastened to the planet carrier. This also makes it possible to form a type of reservoir from which the oil medium can then be withdrawn and further conveyed along the oil flow path defined by the eccentric axial supply channels, in particular also based on a suction effect emanating from radially aligned discharge channels in the planet carrier. For example, the baffle unit forms a pocket or cavity with the planet carrier end face for radially retaining oil medium counteracting centrifugal forces. The baffle unit is preferably designed as a flat ring, i.e., formed / provided over its entire circumference.Preferably, the reservoir formed by the baffle unit or the corresponding cavity is fully designed / intended to receive oil medium.

[0038] According to one embodiment, a baffle plate unit of the planetary gear device, which is in oil-communicating relation to the eccentric supply channels, is arranged during normal operation in such a way that an oil reservoir is formed that is shielded from centrifugal force and fed by at least one nozzle, particularly when the axial direction of the drive train or the central longitudinal axis of the drive train is vertically aligned. This also facilitates a robust and simple method of distributing the oil medium, particularly with a buffer function, thus at least partially decoupled from the (momentary) functioning of the nozzles.In other words: A baffle plate unit in oil communication with the eccentric supply channels can define an oil reservoir that is sealed off from centrifugal force during normal operation, whereby the supply channels can be fed via the oil reservoir, especially with good system reliability.

[0039] According to one embodiment, the central longitudinal axis of the planetary gear device is optionally aligned horizontally or vertically. The inventive manner of oil supply and distribution can be implemented largely independently of the axial alignment of the gear. Optionally, a baffle plate unit of the planetary gear device, which is in oil-communicating relation to the eccentric supply channels, is arranged, during normal operation, significantly above any desired oil level or any oil level that is currently established in the housing. Optionally, the actual oil level can be very low, particularly since the eccentric supply channels can also be fed directly via the nozzles, especially in conjunction with an oil reservoir created circumferentially and at the end face of the planet carrier.Therefore, it is not necessary to maintain a specific oil level in the transmission; in this respect, a potential source of risk Z-type failure can be eliminated. Even with a horizontal alignment of the drive train or the transmission's centerline, an oil reservoir for the planetary bearings can be maintained using the baffle unit, particularly by utilizing centrifugal forces.

[0040] According to one embodiment, the planetary gear device has at least one radially extending outlet channel for venting, particularly arranged at the axial level of the respective end of the planetary gear axles. This also facilitates the autonomous setting of advantageous conditions for a fluid-dynamically self-induced oil flow.

[0041] According to one embodiment, the planetary gear device has at least one radially extending outlet channel for oil drainage, in particular on an oil flow path in a section of the planet carrier in which the oil medium has already passed the bearings of the planet gears, in particular in an arrangement in oil-communicating relation with a / the radially extending outlet channel for venting, in particular located axially further outward than the vent outlet channel. This also promotes an oil flow that is caused essentially or exclusively by the oil medium as such (without a technically maintained pressure column) and based on fluid dynamic effects, so that the management of the oil medium balance can essentially also be achieved by adjusting and optionally also actively regulating the operation or parameters of the at least one nozzle.

[0042] According to one exemplary embodiment, the oil medium is guided essentially exclusively axially by means of the channels in an axial section overlapping with the planet gears (i.e. exclusively axially apart from a radial section starting from the eccentric feed channel and leading radially outwards to the respective planet gear bearing) and / or the oil medium is guided exclusively radially by means of the channels in an axial section overlapping with the planet carrier on the outlet side (i.e. in an axial region downstream of the planets in the oil flow direction, in which planet axes are no longer present). Last but not least, this also promotes an oil flow induced by the oil medium itself without the need for an oil pressure column; rather, the transport along the intended oil flow paths can be based on fluid mechanical orfluid dynamic effects, in particular supported by centrifugal forces in radially outer discharge points, whereby the oil supply can optionally be effected exclusively by means of the nozzle(s).

[0043] According to one embodiment, the planetary gear device has exclusively strictly axially and / or strictly radially extending supply channels or outlet channels for the oil medium. This also facilitates manufacturing implementation, especially under significant cost pressure.

[0044] According to one embodiment, an oil flow path predefined by the planetary gear device is defined / specified at least as follows: nozzle outlet, inlet to the respective eccentrically arranged and axially extending supply channel up to a bearing of the corresponding planetary gear, vent and / or drain channel (or discharge channel), particularly beginning in the region of the front end of a (sun) shaft, wherein the vent and / or drain channel is / are preferably provided in an exclusively radial orientation. This promotes, not least, an advantageous interaction of the components involved in the oil flow, both on the oil supply side and on the oil discharge side.One aspect of the invention further relates to an industrial gearbox, for example, for a drive train of a vertical mill or a wind turbine, wherein an oil supply within the gearbox can be ensured from the nozzles described here and, inter alia, via the eccentric axial feed channels described here. The aforementioned object is thus also achieved by an industrial gearbox, for example, for driving a vertical mill, with a planetary gear device as described above.

[0045] One aspect of the invention further relates to the most advantageous management of the oil medium based on the supply / introduction of the oil medium by means of nozzles into the gear housing. The aforementioned object is therefore also achieved by using a planetary gear device in an industrial gear unit, in particular a planetary gear device as described above, in particular in a vertical installation position (vertical orientation of the drive train), wherein an oil medium supply is provided via at least one nozzle provided in / on the gear housing for the supply of oil medium, which nozzle is preferably in an oil-communicating relationship / arrangement to an end face of the planet carrier of the planetary gear device (orat least one planetary gear stage of the planetary gear device), and wherein the oil medium is / is guided in such a way that the oil medium, based on the relative movement of the gear components, in particular also gravity and / or centrifugal force driven, is guided via eccentrically arranged and axially extending feed channels provided in planetary axes of the planet gears of the planetary gear device, independently of the planet carrier to the respective bearing of the respective planet gear and is discharged from there, in particular via exclusively axially or radially extending channel sections, wherein the at least one nozzle is arranged in oil-communicating relation / arrangement to a circumferential diameter of the feed channels.This allows the aforementioned advantages to be realized, particularly with regard to advantageous oil medium management and a freely selectable / definable oil level in the gearbox (or even a completely dispensable oil level). For example, the invention also allows for use in a drive train of a wind turbine.

[0046] One aspect of the invention further relates to the manner of providing the oil medium in the transmission and at the individual transmission components, as well as the manner of discharging transmission oil from the individual transmission components or from the transmission. The aforementioned object is thus also achieved by a method according to the corresponding independent method claim, namely by a method for providing oil medium in a planetary gear device, in particular in a planetary gear device described above, in particular in an industrial gear, wherein the oil medium is supplied (in particular sprayed) and fed (in particular contactlessly without physical, fixed transmission bodies) via at least one nozzle provided in / on the transmission housing of the planetary gear device.wherein the oil medium is guided to a respective bearing of the planetary gears at least in an axial section overlapping with the planetary gears of the planetary gear device by means of supply channels arranged eccentrically in the planetary axes of the planetary gears and extending axially therein, such that the oil medium is guided to the respective bearing of the respective planetary gear based on the relative movement of the gear components and is discharged from there, in particular via essentially exclusively axially extending channel sections to the bearings of the respective planetary gear and is discharged from the planet carrier via exclusively radially extending channel sections,In particular, the oil flow is achieved essentially by adjusting and optionally actively regulating the operation or parameters of at least one nozzle (i.e., without an additional technical pressure column and without pressure buildup at any physically predefined oil transfer points). The at least one nozzle is arranged in an oil-communicating relationship / arrangement with a circumferential diameter of the supply channels. This results in the aforementioned advantages, particularly with regard to particularly sustainable operation and particularly simple and efficient / effective management of the oil medium.

[0047] Summary: The invention relates to a planetary gear device, particularly for industrial gears, for example, with a vertical drive train orientation. The planetary gear device comprises: a planetary carrier with planetary gears coupled thereto, and a planetary ring gear supported in a gear housing; wherein at least one nozzle for supplying oil medium is provided in / on the gear housing, wherein at least one eccentrically arranged and axially extending supply channel for oil medium is provided in each of the planetary gears, with the at least one nozzle in an oil-communicating relationship / arrangement with the supply channel or with a corresponding circumferential diameter of the supply channels. This also promotes high efficiency in connection with the management of oil medium. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0048] The following drawing figures describe the invention in more detail using preferred exemplary embodiments. The features presented below can represent an aspect of the invention both individually and in combination. Reference numbers not explicitly described in a particular drawing figure refer to the other drawing figures. They each show, in schematic representation: Figure 1 shows a sectioned side view of a section of a planetary gear device according to one exemplary embodiment in the region of one of the end faces of the planet carrier;

[0049] Figure 2 shows a further sectioned side view of a further section of a planetary gear device according to a further embodiment in an axially central region of the planet carrier;

[0050] Figure 3 shows a further sectioned side view of a further section of a planetary gear device according to a further embodiment in an axially central region of the planet carrier;

[0051] Figure 4 shows a further sectioned side view of a further section of a planetary gear device according to a further embodiment in the region of the other end face of the planet carrier;

[0052] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0053] The invention will first be explained with general reference to all reference numerals and figures. Special features or individual aspects of the present invention, or aspects that are clearly visible / depictable in the respective figure, will be addressed individually in connection with the respective figure.

[0054] A planetary gear device 10 is provided with a gear housing 10.1 and a planetary ring gear 10.2 with internal teeth, in which a plurality of planets or planetary gears 13 rotate, which are mounted in a planet carrier 12. The planets interact with a shaft 11 or with a / the sun (sun gear) of the shaft. The planets are each mounted around a planetary axis 13.1 or planetary axis unit (e.g. bearing pin) in at least one bearing 13.5, wherein the respective planetary axis is preferably secured against relative rotation to the planet carrier by an anti-twist device 13.3. Provided inside the gear housing, in particular on an inner surface of the gear housing, are nozzles 14 (in particular spray nozzles or feed nozzles), which are connected via lubrication bores or feed channels 10.3 to an oil medium supply 15 (in particular supply line / pressure line orpressure line system) are connected, and by means of which the oil medium can be passed on to the bearings of the planets, in particular via eccentrically arranged supply channels. In the exemplary embodiments described in the figures, nozzles are provided in at least four different radial positions: at least one first nozzle 14.1, which is aligned axially towards a / the bearing of the sun shaft, at least one further (second) nozzle 14.2, which is aligned axially towards a / the bearing of the planet carrier, at least one further (third) nozzle 14.3, which is aligned axially-radially towards a / the bearing of the planet carrier and / or towards the revolution diameter of the planet axes and / or towards a / the baffle unit or a cavity formed thereby, and at least one further (fourth) nozzle 14.3, which is aligned axially-radially towards a shoulder of the planet carrier orNozzle 14.4 aligned in the laterally outer area of ​​the planet carrier in the direction of the planetary ring gear.

[0055] Thanks to the nozzles, the conventional, physically bound, or contact-requiring oil transfer points are no longer required. Instead, the nozzles 14 enable a contactless spray area 20 with a predefined (or, depending on the supply pressure and oil supply, optionally also controllable, for example, individually predefined for specific operating conditions) radial extension r20 or axial extension x20, in particular at least up to the end face of the planets and / or the corresponding bearings of the shaft and planet carrier to be supplied.

[0056] Preferably, at least one baffle unit 16 is provided on the end face of the planet carrier, in particular over its entire circumference, in particular in a ring-like manner. Together with the planet carrier, the baffle unit 16 can define an oil reservoir that is sealed off from centrifugal force during normal operation (i.e., with orbiting planets). This allows the oil supply, oil distribution, and oil forwarding within the transmission to be maintained or ensured with a high degree of reliability, as explained in more detail below. Optionally, the functionality of the baffle unit 16 described here can also be functionally integrated into the planet carrier by appropriately shaping the planet carrier, i.e., without the need for a baffle unit in the sense of a separate component.

[0057] Several lubrication bores or supply or discharge channels 18 are provided in the rotating transmission components, in particular comprising the above-mentioned eccentric axle bores or supply channels 18.1 in the planetary axes 13.1 (in particular in an axially parallel and as radially outward as possible, i.e., eccentrically arranged arrangement) as well as one or more preferably radially extending vent bores 18.2 (or outlet channels) and / or drain bores 18.3 (or outlet channels) in the area of ​​the outlet or suction side. The oil medium can leave the respective channel in particular via a radial section 18.11 leading radially outward or a radially outer discharge point P 18, in particular also supported by fluid-dynamic centrifugal forces.

[0058] For example, at least one gap seal 10.5 located at the bottom is provided or formed in the housing 10.1, via which a drainage or discharge of oil medium F can be realized. Particularly when the drive train is oriented vertically (or from its central longitudinal axis M), a complete sealing of the housing is required. For this purpose, one or more (in particular, each complete) seals 19 can be provided, in particular also at least one gap seal 10.5 located at the bottom in the oil bath and at least partially provided by a housing component. The seals 19 described here can optionally also comprise additional sealing elements (not explicitly shown / described here).

[0059] Particularly with a vertical alignment of the transmission or drive train, the invention makes it possible to decouple a height level zF of the actively used oil medium from an actual level / fill level of the transmission oil in the transmission, in particular by storing the oil medium in a comparatively small and directly fed oil reservoir (in particular formed by a baffle unit) at a comparatively high point. In the exemplary embodiments described here, the nozzles are preferably arranged at least partially in an axial edge region of the planet carrier, and an oil reservoir located comparatively high above is formed on the end face of the planets.This also makes it possible to provide a gravity-driven pressure column for the oil medium (in a passive manner) largely independent of the functioning of the nozzles, which (with a vertical alignment of the drive train) has a beneficial effect on oil supply and distribution in addition to centrifugal forces (autonomously, without additional pumping or control effort).

[0060] The following directions are indicated in the figures: radial direction r (particularly horizontal, with a vertical alignment of the central longitudinal axis of the transmission), axial direction x or axial alignment of the transmission or drive train (e.g., vertical), and vertical direction z (vertical), for example, corresponding to the axial alignment of the drive train. In the illustrated embodiments, the axial direction x corresponds at least approximately to the vertical direction z.

[0061] In the following, special features of the invention are explained with reference to individual figures or embodiments.

[0062] Fig. 1 shows a section of a planetary gear device 10 in the area of ​​the (sun) shaft 11 and the planet carrier 12. Four nozzles arranged in different radial positions are directed towards the corresponding end face of the planet carrier, on the respective side of the central longitudinal axis, thus a total of at least eight nozzles, whereby the arrangement shown can also be repeated in a further angular position around the central longitudinal axis (e.g., 16 nozzles). The respective first nozzle 14.1 (counted from the inside to the radial outside) is aligned with a bearing of the (sun) shaft 11, and the respective second nozzle 14.2 (counted from the inside to the radial outside) is aligned with a bearing of the planet carrier 12.

[0063] It can also be seen from Fig. 1 that a comparatively large number of nozzles provided at different radial and optionally also circumferential positions can promote an even distribution of the oil medium. By providing a number of nozzles and / or their size (optionally nozzle-specific throughput) that can be individually optimized for the respective application (corresponding to the oil requirement), in particular in several radial positions or at several points distributed around the circumference (for example, each attached to the inner wall of the housing), the relevant components or transmission parts can be supplied with fresh and, for example, cooled transmission oil. The oil flow path can also be specified in such a way that the oil medium is driven radially outwards from the center by the centrifugal force acting upon transmission rotation. An oil reservoir is preferably also provided for this purpose on one end face of the planet carrier.For example, canal-based oil transmission takes place exclusively from such an oil reservoir.

[0064] Fig. 2 shows a section of a planetary gear device 10 in the region of the planet carrier 12 and the planet gears 13. The oil medium sprayed by the nozzles can be stored at least partially in an oil reservoir formed by a baffle unit 16 on the end face of the planet carrier, particularly in conjunction with centrifugal forces, and from there fed to the eccentric feed channels 18.1.

[0065] It can also be seen from Fig. 2 that the management of the oil medium (oil balance) can also be optimized by at least one baffle unit, which is particularly / preferably fastened to the planet carrier, e.g. screwed on. The at least one baffle unit is preferably integrated relative to the adjacent other transmission components in such a way that centrifugal forces are prevented from driving the oil medium radially outwards from end-face sections, in particular from the upper side (or front side) of the planet carrier. Thanks to a baffle unit arranged in this way, the oil medium can also be held in a type of cavity or reservoir, in particular for the purpose of being introduced into the eccentric feed channels. Such a reservoir can therefore also be provided when the oil fill level in the transmission is at a significantly lower height than the baffle unit. In this respect, a retained oil volume can continuously be present at the axle bores oreccentric feed channels are kept available so that the bearings on the planetary axes can be lubricated with good, robust system reliability.

[0066] Fig. 2 also shows a rough schematic of the oil medium F (oil fluid, in particular transmission oil), which is present in the reservoir formed by the baffle plate unit and flows from there into the eccentrically arranged, axially extending channels. For the sake of clarity, the oil medium F is only shown in a partial section of the supply channels.

[0067] Fig. 3 shows a section of a planetary gear device 10 in the region of the planet carrier 12 and the planet gears 13 up to a housing seal 19 (located at the bottom when the drive train is vertically aligned). In this respect, the complete channel-bound oil flow path (with regard to the axial extent) according to one of the exemplary embodiments can be seen, starting from the oil reservoir or the height level zF ensured thereby up to at least one discharge point PI8.

[0068] From Fig. 3, it can also be seen that the lubrication bores or supply channels provided in the planetary axle are preferably designed and arranged in such a way that the lubrication of the bearings is assisted by the centrifugal force, and the oil medium is pressed or drawn into the axle bores. In particular, a rotation lock on the planetary axles can ensure that the bores or channels are aligned in the direction of the centrifugal force or with a view to achieving a good centrifugal force effect, in particular as far radially outward as possible. Only a comparatively short radial outlet leads to the outer surface of the respective planetary axle; in this respect, too, the possible eccentricity can preferably be maximized.

[0069] Fig. 4 shows a section of a planetary gear device 10 in the area of ​​a housing seal 19 (located at the bottom when the drive train is vertically aligned). At least one of the discharge channels 18.2 also leads to a bearing of the planet carrier.

[0070] Fig. 4 shows that the engagement (toothing) of the input shaft with the planets can also be lubricated via internal nozzles; in other words, no physical oil transfer points or additional supply channels are required for this area of ​​the transmission. The oil medium, heated by contact with the bearings and / or gearing and other rotating transmission components, can flow away or be expelled via vent and drain holes in the planetary carrier, particularly by centrifugal force. The oil medium can also be discharged from the transmission housing via drains on a gap seal located below and fed to an oil supply unit (not shown), where it can be further cooled.

[0071] 10 Planetary gear device

[0072] 10.1 Gearbox housing

[0073] 10.2 Planetary ring gear with internal teeth

[0074] 10.3 Lubrication hole or supply channel

[0075] 10.5 Bottom gap seal

[0076] 11 Shaft with sun (sun wheel)

[0077] 12 planet carriers

[0078] 13 Planet or planetary gear

[0079] 13.1 Planetary axle or planetary axle unit (e.g. bearing bolt)

[0080] 13.3 Anti-rotation device planetary axis

[0081] 13.5 Bearing for planetary gear

[0082] 14 Nozzle, in particular spray nozzle or feed nozzle

[0083] 14.1 first nozzle

[0084] 14.2 additional (second) nozzle

[0085] 14.3 additional (third) nozzle

[0086] 14.4 additional (fourth) nozzle

[0087] 15 Oil medium supply, in particular supply line / pressure line (system)

[0088] 16 baffle unit

[0089] 18 Lubrication hole or supply or discharge channel

[0090] 18.1 eccentric axle bore or feed channel, especially axially parallel

[0091] 18.11 Radial section feed channel

[0092] 18.2 Vent hole or outlet channel

[0093] 18.3 Drain hole or outlet channel

[0094] 19 Seal / housing seal, especially at the bottom in the oil bath

[0095] 20 contactless spray area

[0096] F Oil or oil medium or gear oil (fluid)

[0097] M Central longitudinal axis of transmission or drive train

[0098] P 18 radially outer discharge point r radial direction (especially horizontal) r20 radial extent of the contactless spray area x axial direction or axial alignment of the gearbox or drive train (e.g. vertical) x20 axial extent of the contactless spray area z height direction (vertical), especially axial alignment of the drive train zF height level of the oil medium

Claims

Patent claims 1. Planetary gear device (10), in particular for industrial gearboxes, for example in the case of a vertical orientation of the drive train, wherein the planetary gear device (10) comprises: a planet carrier (12) with planet gears (13) coupled thereto and a planet ring gear (10.2) supported in a gearbox housing (10.1); wherein at least one nozzle (14) for the supply of oil medium (F) is provided in / on the gearbox housing (10.1), wherein at least one eccentrically arranged and axially extending supply channel (18, 18.1) for oil medium (F) is provided in each of the planet gears (13), namely with the at least one nozzle (14) in oil-communicating relation / arrangement to the supply channel or to a corresponding circular diameter of the supply channels.

2. Planetary gear device (10) according to claim 1 characterized in that the at least one eccentrically arranged and axially extending feed channel of the respective planet gear is provided at least up to a central axial region of the planet gear, in particular up to half the axial length of the toothed section, and is guided or connected there radially outwards, in particular exclusively radially outwards.

3. Planetary gear device (10) according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the respective eccentrically arranged axial feed channel has exclusively strictly axial and / or strictly radial sections.

4. Planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the respective eccentrically arranged axial feed channel opens at a bearing of the respective planet gear.

5. Planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the respective planet gear is mounted about a planet axis which is mounted non-rotatably on the planet carrier, in particular by means of an anti-rotation device, wherein the eccentrically arranged axial feed channel is provided in the respective planet axis. A planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the planet gears are rotatably mounted about a respective planet axis such that the respective planet axis remains aligned in a predefined circumferential alignment position, in particular with the respective eccentrically arranged and axially extending feed channel in a predefined eccentric, maximally radially outward radial position with respect to the instantaneous center of rotation. A planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the nozzles of the planetary gear device is led into or aligned with a region on the tuning side of the respective planet gear axis or on the tuning side with a circumferential diameter of the planet gear axes.A planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the planetary gear device has a plurality of nozzles arranged radially and / or circumferentially distributed around the inner circumference of the gear housing for supplying oil medium. A planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the nozzles is directed into or oriented towards a region on the voice side of a bearing of the planet carrier and / or on the voice side of a bearing of a sun shaft guided within the planet carrier. A planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the planet carrier on the inlet side is designed without supply channels.Planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the oil supply takes place on an oil flow path defined by at least one supply channel, which at least on the back side does not pass through the planet carrier or which ends on the back side in front of the planet carrier. A planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a baffle plate unit is provided on the tuning side of the planet gears, in particular in radial overlap of the respective eccentric supply channel, in particular in a radially inwardly open arrangement, and in particular in an arrangement attached to the planet carrier. A planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a baffle plate unit of the planetary gear device, which is in oil communicative relation to the eccentric supply channels, delimits an oil reservoir which is sealed off against centrifugal force during intended operation. A planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the planetary gear device has at least one radially extending outlet channel for venting, in particular in an arrangement at the axial height of the respective end of the planet gear shafts.A planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the planetary gear device has at least one radially extending outlet channel for oil drainage, in particular in an arrangement in oil communicative relation with a radially extending outlet channel for venting, in particular located axially further outwards than the venting outlet channel. A planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oil medium is guided exclusively axially by means of the channels in an axial section overlapping with the planet gears and / or is guided exclusively radially by means of the channels in an axial section overlapping with the planet carrier on the outlet side.Planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the planetary gear device has exclusively strictly axial and / or strictly radial supply channels or outlet channels for the oil medium. A planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a predefined oil flow path is defined / specified at least as follows: nozzle outlet, inlet to the respective eccentrically arranged and axially extending supply channel up to a bearing of the corresponding planetary gear, vent and / or drain channel, in particular beginning in the region of the voice-side end of a sun shaft, wherein the vent and / or drain channel is preferably provided in an exclusively radial orientation. An industrial gearbox (10), for example for driving a vertical mill, with a planetary gear device (10) according to one of the preceding claims. Use of a planetary gear device (10), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 17, in an industrial gearbox, wherein an oil medium supply is provided via at least one nozzle provided in / on the gearbox housing for the supply of oil medium.which nozzle is arranged in an oil-communicating relation / arrangement to an end face of the planet carrier of the planetary gear device, and wherein the oil medium is / is guided such that, based on the relative movement of the gear components, in particular also gravity and / or centrifugal force drives, the oil medium is guided via eccentrically arranged and axially extending supply channels provided in the planet axes of the planet gears of the planetary gear device, independently of the planet carrier, to the respective bearing of the respective planet gear and from there is discharged, in particular via exclusively axially or radially extending channel sections, wherein the at least one nozzle (14) is arranged in an oil-communicating relation / arrangement to a circular diameter of the supply channels. Method for providing oil medium (F) in a planetary gear device (10) in particular according to one of claims 1 to 17, in particular in an industrial gearbox,wherein the oil medium (F) is supplied and fed via at least one nozzle (14) provided in / on the gearbox housing (10.1) of the planetary gear device (10), wherein the oil medium (F) is introduced eccentrically into at least one axial section overlapping with the planet gears (13) of the planetary gear device (10) by means of a nozzle (14) provided in / on the gearbox housing (10.1) of the planetary gear device (10), The oil medium (F) is / is guided to a respective bearing (13.5) of the planet gears (13) via supply channels (18.1) arranged on the planet axes (13.1) of the planet gears (13) and extending axially therein, such that the oil medium (F) is guided to the respective bearing of the respective planet gear based on the relative movement of the transmission components and is derived from there, in particular via exclusively axially extending channel sections (18.1) to the bearings of the respective planet gear and is derived from the planet carrier (12) via exclusively radially extending channel sections (18.2, 18.3), wherein the at least one nozzle (14) is arranged in an oil-communicating relation / arrangement to a circular diameter of the supply channels.

Images