Absorption heat transformer coupled to absorption refrigerating machine

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat production system comprising an absorption heat transformer (1), intended for the production of high temperature heat, comprising a first evaporator (2), a first absorber (3), a first generator (4) and a first condenser (5), a first pump, a first solution pump and a first expansion valve and an absorption refrigeration machine (101) comprising a second evaporator (102), a second absorber (103), a second generator (104) and a second condenser (105), the first condenser (105) and the second evaporator (102) being thermally coupled to each other.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to an absorption heat transformer optimized by coupling to an absorption refrigeration machine. The invention will find its application for the production of high temperature heat, typically above 100°C, for industry, which is efficient even when the atmosphere is hot. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] To date, 26% of industrial heat demand is at temperatures of 100°C to 200°C, with a strong need for decarbonization to meet the net zero CO2 emissions target by 2050.

[0003] Among the solutions that can be implemented to achieve these objectives, high-temperature heat pumps (above 100°C) are promising technologies. However, many technological barriers related to the performance and manufacturing of compressors, as well as the use of low CO2 impact refrigerants, must be removed. An emerging solution is to replace compressors with an ammonia / water absorption system (NH3 / H2O). This technology can contribute to reducing final energy consumption, in accordance with the indications contained in the European Energy-Climate Framework 2030 and formalized in France by the LTECV (Law for the Energy Transition and Green Growth) promulgated in 2015.

[0004] Absorption heat pumps, also known as absorption heat transformers (AHTs), require cooling at the condenser. This type of absorption heat transformer is known from JP H06 26725. This cooling is typically achieved by air heaters with heat discharge into the environment. However, when the environment is hot, for example in summer, from around 25°C, this type of device tends to lose its efficiency very quickly, or even stop working.

[0005] There is therefore a need for an ecological, economical and efficient high-temperature heat production device for hot outdoor temperatures of 25°C or more, for example. SUMMARY

[0006] To achieve this objective, according to one embodiment, a heat production system is provided comprising an absorption heat transformer intended for the production of heat, preferably high temperature, comprising a first fluid circuit receiving a first working solution formed of a first refrigerant / first absorbent pair and successively comprising in fluid connection: a first evaporator, preferably operating at high pressure, a first absorber, preferably operating at high pressure and intended for the production of high temperature heat, a first generator preferably operating at low pressure and a first condenser, preferably operating at low pressure, the fluid circuit comprises a first pump arranged between the first condenser and the first evaporator, a first solution pump arranged between the first generator and the first absorber,and a first expansion valve arranged in parallel with the first solution pump between the first absorber and the second generator, the system comprises an absorption refrigeration machine comprising a second fluid circuit receiving a second working solution formed from a first refrigerant / first absorbent pair and successively comprising in fluid connection: a second evaporator, preferably operating at low pressure and intended for the production of cold, a second absorber, preferably operating at low pressure, a second generator, preferably operating at high pressure and a second condenser, preferably operating at high pressure, and the first condenser and the second evaporator being thermally coupled to each other.,

[0007] The architecture of this heat production system, comprising an absorption heat transformer coupled with an absorption refrigeration machine, guarantees heat recovery under wider real operating conditions than state-of-the-art systems.

[0008] The heat production system according to the invention makes it possible to generate high-temperature heat, advantageously at least 100°C, from a medium-temperature heat source, preferably waste heat having a temperature of the order of at least 80°C, while consuming little electrical energy, even when the outside temperature exceeds 25°C.

[0009] The evaporator of the absorption refrigeration machine coupled with the condenser of the absorption heat transformer ensures satisfactory cooling at the condenser of the heat transformer, even when the ambient air temperature increases and in particular exceeds 25°C which is an upper limit for the optimal operation of absorption heat transformers preferably at NH 3 / H 2 O.

[0010] According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method of producing high temperature heat by an absorption heat system as described above and further in the description, the second evaporator forming, more precisely constituting, the cooling source of the first condenser. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0011] The aims, objects, as well as the characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the detailed description of an embodiment thereof which is illustrated by the following accompanying drawing: There figure 1 represents a diagram of the heat transformer according to the invention. The figure 2 represents a diagram of the heat transformer according to another embodiment of the invention.

[0012] The drawing is given by way of example and is not limiting of the invention. It constitutes a schematic representation of principle intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and is not necessarily on the scale of practical applications. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] Before commencing a detailed review of embodiments of the invention, optional features which may possibly be used in combination or alternatively are set out below: According to one example, the first condenser 5 and the second evaporator 102 are thermally coupled to each other in a plate exchanger configured to receive the second refrigerant and the first refrigerant; According to one example, the system comprises a complementary condenser 5' arranged on the first fluid circuit upstream of the first condenser 5 and downstream of the first generator 4 and a three-way valve 115 comprising a first outlet fluidly connected to the complementary condenser 5', a second outlet fluidly connected to the second condenser 105 and to the second absorber 103 and to an inlet fluidly connected to a common cold source 112 intended to supply the complementary condenser 5', the second condenser 105 and the second absorber 103; According to one example, the three-way valve (115) is configured to take two alternative configurations: a first configuration, called winter,in which the first output of the three-way valve (115) is open ensuring the supply of the additional condenser (5') with cold source (12) and the second output of the three-way valve (115) is closed preventing the supply of the second condenser (105) and the second absorber (103) with cold source (113-114), only the absorption heat transformer being in operation, a second configuration, called summer, in which the first output of the three-way valve (115) is closed preventing the supply of the additional condenser (5') with cold source (12) and the second output of the three-way valve (115) is open ensuring the supply of the second condenser (105) and the second absorber (103) with cold source (113-114), the absorption heat transformer and the refrigerating machine being in operation; According to one example, the system comprises a control unit intended to control the three-way valve,depending on a temperature of a common cold source (112), when the temperature of the common cold source (112) is lower than a set temperature, the three-way valve is in the first configuration called winter and when the temperature of the common cold source (112) is higher than a set temperature, the three-way valve is in the second configuration called summer. According to one example, the second condenser 105 is configured to receive a cooling source 113 intended to ensure cooling within the second condenser 105, the cooling source 113 being at a maximum temperature is less than or equal to 45°C; According to one example, the first fluid circuit and the second fluid circuit are respectively fluidically independent closed circuits. According to one example,the second refrigerant and the first refrigerant circulate in a plate exchanger acting as the second evaporator and the first condenser; According to one example, the method comprises a first configuration, called winter, in which the first outlet of the three-way valve (115) is open ensuring the supply of the complementary condenser (5') with a cold source (12) and the second outlet of the three-way valve (115) is closed preventing the supply of the second condenser (105) and the second absorber (103) with a cold source (113-114), only the absorption heat transformer being in operation, a second configuration, called summer,in which the first output of the three-way valve (115) is closed preventing the supply of the complementary condenser (5') with cold source (12) and the second output of the three-way valve (115) is open ensuring the supply of the second condenser (105) and the second absorber (103) with cold source (113-114), the absorption heat transformer and the refrigerating machine being in operation; According to one example, the control unit controls the three-way valve (115), as a function of a temperature of a common cold source (112), when the temperature of the common cold source (112) is lower than a set temperature, the control unit controls the three-way valve (115) so that it is in the first configuration, called winter, and when the temperature of the common cold source (112) is higher than a set temperature,the control unit controls the three-way valve (115) so that it is in the second configuration called summer. According to one example, the second condenser 105 receives a cooling source 113 intended to ensure cooling within the second condenser 105, the cooling source 113 being at a maximum temperature less than or equal to 45°C.

[0014] In this description, the expression "A fluidically connected to B" is synonymous with "A is in fluidic connection with B" does not necessarily mean that there is no member between A and B. The expressions "arranged on" or "on" are synonymous with "fluidically connected to".

[0015] The upstream and downstream at a given point are taken in reference to the direction of circulation of the fluid in the circuit.

[0016] By hot, cold, cooled, we mean a temperature relative to another point in the system.

[0017] A parameter "substantially equal / greater / less than" or "of the order of" a given value means that this parameter is equal / greater / less than the given value, to within plus or minus 10%, or even plus or minus 5%, of this value.

[0018] The terms "first", "second" and "third", etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

[0019] The heat production system according to the invention comprises an absorption heat transformer (AHT) 1 and an absorption refrigerating machine (ARM) 101.

[0020] The TCA 1 operates with a different cycle from the absorption refrigeration machine 101 where the production of cold is sought. In the TCA, it is a production of heat which is sought. The absorption heat transformer 1 is supplied by a heat source 11 at the first generator 4, for example at a temperature of the order of 70-80°C and produces at the first absorber 3 a heated source 14 at a temperature greater than or equal to 100°C. The absorption refrigeration machine 101 is supplied by a hot source 111 at the second generator 104, for example at a temperature of the order of 70-80°C, and produces at the second evaporator 102 cold, preferably at a temperature less than or equal to 25°C, according to the invention this cold makes it possible to supply the condenser of the transformer.

[0021] Advantageously, the heat source 11 is waste heat from industrial processes, for example, or heat produced by renewable energy. The heat source 111 is also advantageously waste heat from industrial processes. The heat source 11 and the heat source 111 may be identical and / or the same as the heat source 10.

[0022] An absorption heat transformer 1 is a thermal absorption heat pump using a working solution based on refrigerant / sorbent couples with strong affinities.

[0023] The 101 absorption refrigeration machine also uses a working solution based on refrigerant / sorbent couples with strong affinities.

[0024] The transformer 1 has low electrical consumption, the main energy coming from the thermal source, making it possible to limit the operating cost in the case of the recovery of a low-cost energy source or fatal heat. Similarly, the absorption refrigerating machine 101 has low electrical consumption, the main energy coming from the thermal source making it possible to limit the operating cost in the case of the recovery of a low-cost energy source or fatal heat. In addition, the refrigerants or coolants used in the absorption heat transformer 1 and in the absorption refrigerating machine 101 have no or very low environmental impact on global warming (GWP for Global warning potential or PRG for Global Warming Potential = 0), or on the ozone layer (ODP for Ozone depletion potential or PDO for ozonic depletion potential = 0).

[0025] The heat transformer 1 and the refrigerating machine 101 operate thanks to the ability of certain liquids to absorb (exothermic reaction) and desorb (endothermic reaction) a vapor. They also use the fact that the solubility of this vapor in the liquid depends on the temperature and pressure. Thus, the transformer 1 and the machine 101 use as a working solution a binary mixture, one of the components of which is more volatile than the other, and constitutes the refrigerant fluid. The heat transformer 1 and the refrigerating machine 101 each comprise a working solution which may be identical or different.

[0026] The absorption heat transformer 1 comprises a first absorption fluid circuit configured to provide fluid connection of the various components of the absorption heat transformer 1. The first absorption fluid circuit is a closed circuit intended to receive a working solution from the transformer.

[0027] The absorption refrigeration machine 101 comprises a second absorption fluid circuit configured to provide fluid connection of the various components of the absorption refrigeration machine 101. The second absorption fluid circuit is a closed circuit intended to receive a working solution from the machine.

[0028] The first fluid circuit of transformer 1 and the second fluid circuit of the machine are both closed and fluidically independent circuits. The fluids circulating in each of the fluid circuits do not mix. The first fluid circuit and the second fluid circuit are thermally connected so as to ensure the transfer of thermal energy between the first fluid circuit and the second fluid circuit.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the invention, the TCA 1 comprises a first working solution of the transformer comprising the refrigerant / absorbent fluid pair chosen from preferably the ammonia / water pair (NH3 / H 2 O) or possibly the water / Lithium Bromide pair (H 2 O / LiBr).

[0030] According to one embodiment of the invention, the absorption refrigeration machine 101 comprises a second working solution of the transformer comprising the refrigerant / absorbent fluid pair chosen from preferably the ammonia / water pair (NH3 / H 2 O) or possibly the water / Lithium Bromide pair (H 2 O / LiBr).

[0031] According to the invention, the NH 3 / H 2 O pair can be used for heating applications. In addition, this pair allows working at pressure higher than ambient pressure.

[0032] This thermodynamic cycle is feasible due to the vapor pressure difference between the absorbent and the refrigerant, which varies depending on the temperature and pressure. This variability allows for a concentration difference between the lean solution and the rich solution described below.

[0033] The advantage of absorption cycles is that mechanical compression is replaced by thermochemical compression which produces heat at transformer 1 and cold at machine 101. The only primary energy input required is at pumps 7, 8 and 108, but the work is about 96 times less than the work a steam compressor must provide for similar operating conditions.

[0034] An absorption heat transformer 1 (TCA) comprises four main exchangers, a first evaporator 2, a first absorber 3, a first generator 4 and a first condenser 5, and advantageously one to three secondary exchangers.

[0035] The role of the three secondary exchangers is to improve the performance of the transformer 1: a rectifier (not shown) arranged between the first generator 4 and the first condenser 5, a first economizer 15 arranged between the first condenser 5 and the first evaporator 2 to play the role of preheating and a second economizer 16 arranged between the first absorber 3 and the first generator 4 on the first solution circuit described below.

[0036] According to one possibility, the TCA 1 also comprises at least a first solution pump 8 and a first regulator 9 also called an expansion valve.

[0037] According to the invention, the TCA 1 comprises a first pump 7 arranged between the first condenser 5 and the first evaporator 2.

[0038] The refrigerant fluid (or coolant) of the first working solution produced in the first generator 4 circulates between the outlet 41 of the first generator 4 and the inlet 30 of the first absorber 3, passing successively, preferably through the first economizer 15 then through the first condenser 5, then the first evaporator 2, and the first absorber 3, more precisely in the fluid connections A, I, K, L, M, N.

[0039] The refrigerant-absorbent solution rich in absorbent (high concentration of absorbent), but poor in refrigerant, commonly called lean solution, circulates from the first generator 4 to the first absorber 3 in the first solution circuit, more precisely in the fluid connections F, G, H.

[0040] The solution poor in absorbent (low concentration of absorbent), but rich in refrigerant, commonly called rich solution, circulates from the first absorber 3 to the first generator 4 in the first solution circuit, more precisely in the fluid connections C, D E.

[0041] The working solution is said to be rich because the refrigerant concentration is higher than in the so-called lean working solution.

[0042] This type of TCA 1 operates according to three temperature levels: a low temperature level corresponding to the temperature of the cooling source circulating in the first condenser 5, preferably the temperature is said to be low when it is less than or equal to 45°C an intermediate temperature level corresponding to the temperature of the hot source 10 of the first evaporator 2 and of the hot source 11 of the first generator 4 advantageously corresponding respectively to the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the evaporator 2, but also to the driving temperature of the generator 4,preferably the temperature is said to be intermediate when it is greater than or equal to 80°C and less than 100°C and a high temperature level corresponding to the temperature of the source to be heated circulating in the first absorber advantageously corresponding to the absorption temperature in the first absorber 3 preferably the temperature is said to be high when it is greater than or also 100°C.,

[0043] The first fluid circuit provides the fluid connection of the components of the TCA 1. More specifically, the first fluid circuit includes the different components and fluid connections arranged between the different components.

[0044] According to the invention, the first fluid circuit ensures the fluid connection of the first generator 4 to the first condenser 5, then of the first condenser 5 to the first evaporator 2, then of the first evaporator 2 to the first absorber 3 and then of the first absorber 3 to the first generator 4 and then of the first generator 4 to the first absorber 3.

[0045] The absorption heat transformer 1 according to the invention comprises a first generator 4 described in detail below.

[0046] The first generator 4 is configured to vaporize the first refrigerant. The generation of refrigerant vapor is carried out at a pressure corresponding to a low pressure. The first generator 4 is thus configured to operate at a pressure corresponding to a low pressure.

[0047] The first working solution, called rich, coming from the first absorber 3 is heated by a heat source 11 of the first generator 4 advantageously corresponding to a medium-temperature source to be recovered which passes through the generator 4. Thanks to this heat, part of the refrigerant fluid, for example ammonia, contained in the rich solution as well as traces of water are desorbed. The depleted working solution resulting from this process returns to the first absorber 3, preferably via the first solution circuit. The desorption process takes place at low pressure, and requires a quantity of heat. The refrigerant vapor produced by the first generator 4, also sometimes called desorber, is conveyed to the first condenser 5, sometimes passing through a rectifier, and a first economizer 15 and according to a second embodiment by an additional condenser 5'.

[0048] The first generator 4 is fluidically connected to the first absorber 3 and to the first condenser 5, preferably via a first economizer 15 and according to a second embodiment by a complementary condenser 5'. The first generator 4 advantageously comprises an inlet 40 of the first working solution, preferably a first so-called rich working solution, in fluidic connection, preferably indirect with the first absorber 3, more precisely with an outlet 31 of the first absorber 3, so as to supply the first generator 4 with first so-called rich working solution. The refrigerant of the first rich working solution is then vaporized in the first generator 4. The first so-called lean working solution returns to the first absorber 3 via an outlet 42.The first generator 4 advantageously comprises an outlet 42 of the first working solution, preferably a first so-called lean working solution, in fluidic connection, preferably indirect, with the first absorber 3, more precisely with the inlet 32 ​​d of the first absorber 3, so as to supply the first absorber 3 with so-called lean working solution. The first generator 4 comprises an outlet 41 of the first vaporized refrigerant. The outlet 41 is fluidically connected with the inlet 50 of the first condenser 5, passing first through the first economizer 15 and, according to the second embodiment, the complementary condenser 5'.

[0049] Advantageously, the absorption heat transformer 1 comprises between the first generator 4 and the first absorber 3, a second economizer 16, a first expansion valve 9 and a first solution pump 8. These components are arranged on a first fluid circuit, called the solution circuit. The solution circuit is a portion of the fluid circuit of the transformer in which the working solution circulates. The solution circuit is what replaces the compressor of a compressor heat pump by playing the role of a thermochemical compressor. The second economizer 16 and the first expansion valve 9 ensure the circulation of the first working solution from the first absorber 3 to the first generator 4 and vice versa the second economizer 16 and the first solution pump 8 ensure the circulation of the first working solution between the first generator 4 and the first absorber 3.More specifically, the first working solution called rich and the first working solution called lean circulate respectively from the first absorber 3 to the first generator 4 via the second economizer 16 and the first expander 9, and from the first generator 4 to the first absorber 3 via the first solution pump 9 and the second economizer 16.

[0050] The first generator 4 comprises a fluid connection with the first condenser 5 on which the first economizer 15 is arranged and according to a second embodiment a complementary condenser 5'. The first generator 4 is thus fluidically connected directly to the first economizer 15 and indirectly to the first condenser 5, allowing the vapor of the first refrigerant to exit the first generator 4. The first generator 4 also comprises a heat source inlet and outlet 11 allowing the supply of heat necessary for the vaporization of the first refrigerant. According to the invention, the heat source 11, or hot source, comprises at least partially, preferably only fatal energy at a temperature of the order of 70°C minimum, preferably greater than or equal to 80°C.

[0051] The absorption heat transformer 1 according to the invention comprises a first condenser 5 described in detail below.

[0052] The first condenser 5 is configured to condense the vapor of the first refrigerant from the first generator 4. The refrigerant vapor is cooled by a cooling source to be condensed and become liquid again. According to the invention, the condensation of the refrigerant vapor is carried out at a pressure corresponding to a low pressure.

[0053] The first condenser 5 is fluidically connected to the first generator 4 and to the first evaporator 2. The first condenser 5 comprises a fluidic connection I, K, coming from the first generator 4 allowing the entry of a flow of refrigerant vapor into the first condenser 5, preferably directly or through a rectifier and / or a first economizer 15. The flow of refrigerant vapor arriving in the first condenser 5 is advantageously at a pressure called low pressure.

[0054] The first condenser 5 comprises an inlet 50 for the refrigerant vapor flow and an outlet 51 for the refrigerant flow having been condensed.

[0055] The first condenser 5 comprises a fluid connection, L, M, N with the first evaporator 2 allowing the refrigerant to exit in the liquid state, advantageously through a first pump 7 intended to bring the refrigerant to its evaporation pressure, preferably a pressure corresponding to a high pressure. The first condenser 5 also comprises a cooling source constituted at least partially according to the invention by the cold produced by the absorption refrigerating machine 101. The cooling source is intended to ensure the cooling of the refrigerant vapor and thus allow its condensation within the first condenser 5.

[0056] According to a possibility not shown, the absorption heat transformer 1 comprises a rectifier arranged between the first generator 4 and the first condenser 5. The rectifier makes it possible to remove by condensation the traces of water carried along with the refrigerant at the outlet of the first generator 4 and thus ensures the proper functioning of the transformer 1. Preferably, the rectifier is in this case arranged on the fluid connection I ensuring the fluid connection between the first generator 4 and the first economizer 15.

[0057] Advantageously, the absorption heat transformer 1 comprises a first economizer 15 acting as preheater or superheater. The first economizer 15 is arranged between the first condenser 5 and the first evaporator 2. The first economizer 15 is a heat exchanger arranged on the fluid connection from the first condenser 5 to the first evaporator 2 and on the fluid connection from the first generator 4 to the first condenser 5. Thus, the heated refrigerant leaving the first generator 4 passes through the first economizer 15 to transmit part of its heat to the refrigerant leaving the first condenser 5, thus making it possible to preheat the refrigerant before it enters the first evaporator 2. The first economizer 15 makes it possible to recover energy and therefore to reduce the size of the first condenser 5 and the first evaporator 2 and thus to significantly improve the performance of the transformer.The relevance of this component depends on the operating temperatures, the size of the transformer and the cost of the exchangers.

[0058] According to a second embodiment illustrated in the figure 2 for example, the heat transformer 1 comprises an additional condenser 5' described in detail below.

[0059] The complementary condenser 5' plays the same role as the first condenser 5. The complementary condenser 5' and the first condenser 5 are active alternately.

[0060] The additional condenser 5' is arranged on the first fluid circuit of the heat transformer 1. The additional condenser 5' is arranged downstream of the generator 4 and more precisely downstream of the first economizer 15 and upstream of the first condenser 5. The additional condenser 5' is advantageously arranged on the fluid connection K connecting the first economizer 15 to the first condenser 5.

[0061] According to the second embodiment, the system is capable of taking a first configuration, called winter or normal, and a second configuration called summer. According to one possibility, the system comprises a control unit configured to switch the system into the first configuration or into the second configuration.

[0062] According to the second embodiment, the system comprises a three-way valve 115. The three-way valve 115 is intended to control the distribution of a common cold source 112 between the heat transformer 1, more precisely the additional condenser 5', and the refrigerating machine 101, more precisely the second absorber 103 and the second condenser 105. The three-way valve 115 comprises a first outlet intended to be fluidically connected to the additional condenser 5', a second outlet intended to be connected to the second condenser 105 and to the second absorber 103 and an inlet for a common cold source 112.

[0063] Advantageously, the control unit controls the configuration of the system as a function of the temperature of a cold source, more precisely of the common cold source 112. Preferably, when the common cold source 112 has a temperature higher than a set temperature, the control unit controls the system so that it is in the second configuration, that is to say that the refrigerating machine operates so that the second evaporator 104 plays the role of cold source of the first condenser 5, the common cold source 112 not being at a satisfactory temperature to operate the heat transformer 1. When the common cold source 112 has a temperature lower than a set temperature, the control unit controls the system so that it is in the first configuration, that is to say that the refrigerating machine does not operate and the heat transformer operates.The heat transformer 1 operates with the complementary condenser 5' and without the first condenser 5. The common cold source 112 is at a satisfactory temperature for the heat transformer.

[0064] In the first configuration, called winter or normal, only the heat transformer 1 operates. Advantageously, in this first configuration, the three-way valve is configured to open the first outlet fluidly connected to the additional condenser 5' and to close the second outlet fluidly connected to the second condenser 105 and to the second absorber 103. The common cold source only supplies the additional condenser 5'. The heat exchange with the common cold source 112 only takes place in the additional condenser 5'. The additional condenser 5' is configured to condense the vapor of the first refrigerant coming from the first generator 4. The refrigerant vapor is cooled by the common cold source 112 to be condensed and become liquid again. According to the invention, the condensation of the refrigerant vapor is carried out at a pressure corresponding to a low pressure.

[0065] The complementary condenser 5' is fluidically connected to the first generator 4 and to the first evaporator 2. The complementary condenser 5' comprises a fluidic connection I, K, coming from the first generator 4 allowing the entry of a flow of refrigerant vapor into the complementary condenser 5', preferably directly or through a rectifier and / or a first economizer 15. The flow of refrigerant vapor arriving in the complementary condenser 5' is advantageously at a pressure called low pressure.

[0066] The additional condenser 5' comprises an inlet for the refrigerant vapor flow and an outlet 51 for the refrigerant flow having been condensed.

[0067] The complementary condenser 5' comprises a fluid connection, with the first condenser 5 through which the flow of condensed refrigerant circulates. In the first condenser 5, the refrigerating machine not being in operation, no heat exchange is carried out. The flow of refrigerant leaves the first condenser 5 via the fluid connections L, M, N towards the first evaporator 2 allowing the refrigerant to exit in the liquid state, advantageously through a first pump 7 intended to bring the refrigerant to its evaporation pressure, preferably a pressure corresponding to a high pressure.

[0068] In the second configuration, called summer, the heat transformer 1 and the refrigerating machine operate. Advantageously, in this second configuration, the three-way valve is configured to close the first outlet fluidly connected to the additional condenser 5' and to open the second outlet fluidly connected to the second condenser 105 and to the second absorber 103. The common cold source 112 supplies only the second condenser 105 and the second absorber 103. The cooling source 113 of the second condenser 105 and the hot source 114 of the second absorber 103 are identical and are supplied by the cold source 112 through the three-way valves 115. In this second configuration, no heat exchange occurs in the additional condenser 5' which is not supplied with a cold source. The flow of refrigerant from the generator 4 passes through the additional condenser 5' without being modified.

[0069] Advantageously, the absorption heat transformer 1 comprises a first pump 7 arranged between the first condenser 5 and the first evaporator 2. The first pump 7 is configured to compress the refrigerant in the liquid state coming from the first condenser 5. The first pump 7 advantageously comprises an inlet 70 for the flow of refrigerant in the liquid state, preferably at low pressure, and an outlet 71 for the flow of refrigerant in the liquid state, preferably at high pressure.

[0070] The absorption heat transformer according to the invention comprises a first evaporator 2 described in detail below.

[0071] The first evaporator 2 is configured to vaporize the refrigerant. In this component, the pressure is high and a medium-temperature heat input is required to enable the evaporation of the refrigerant. The first evaporator 2 is configured to operate at a pressure selected from a high-pressure range. More specifically, the flow of refrigerant circulating within the first evaporator 2 has a pressure within the high-pressure range.

[0072] The first evaporator 2 is fluidically connected to the first condenser 5 and to the first absorber 3. The first evaporator 2 comprises a fluidic connection M, N coming from the first condenser 5, more precisely according to the illustrated embodiment coming from the first economizer 15.

[0073] The first evaporator 2 comprises an inlet 20 and an outlet 21. The inlet 20 is fluidly connected to the outlet 51 of the first condenser 5, more precisely to the outlet 71 of the first pump 7 and according to the embodiment illustrated to the outlet of the first economizer 15. The outlet 21 is fluidly connected to an inlet 30 of the first absorber 3. The refrigerant in the vapor state leaves the first evaporator 2 and preferably enters directly into the first absorber 3.

[0074] The first evaporator 2 comprises a fluid connection A with the first absorber 3, allowing the refrigerant vapor to exit, preferably directly. The first evaporator 2 also comprises an inlet and an outlet of a heat source 10. The phase change of the refrigerant from the liquid state to the vapor state is accompanied by a transmission of heat from the hot source 10 to the refrigerant. The hot source 10 transmits calories and thus sees its temperature lower. According to one embodiment of the invention, the hot source 10 is advantageously the same as the hot source 11 supplying the first generator 4.

[0075] The absorption heat transformer 1 according to the invention comprises a first absorber 3 described in detail below.

[0076] The first absorber 3 is configured to condense the refrigerant vapor from the first evaporator 2.

[0077] In this component, the pressure is high. The first absorber 3 is configured to operate in a pressure range corresponding to the high pressure range. More specifically, the flows of refrigerant fluid and the first working solution circulating within the first absorber 3 have a pressure included in the high pressure range.

[0078] The first absorber comprises an inlet 30, an inlet 32 ​​and an outlet 31.

[0079] The inlet 30 is fluidically connected to the outlet 21 of the first evaporator 2. The refrigerant vapor from the first evaporator 2 enters the first absorber 3 through the inlet 30.

[0080] The inlet 32 ​​fluidly connected to the outlet 42 of the first generator 4. The absorbent, or working solution composed of water and a small fraction of refrigerant, also called lean solution, from the first generator 4 enters the first absorber 3 through the inlet 32 ​​and is distributed along the first absorber 3. The lean solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor which comes from the first evaporator 2 and becomes an enriched solution, close to its saturated condition.

[0081] The outlet 31 is fluidically connected to an inlet 40 of the first generator 4. The rich solution leaves the first absorber 3 through the outlet 31 to be transmitted to the first generator 4. The absorption process occurs at high pressure, releasing a quantity of heat which is dissipated towards the hot source whose temperature is sought to be raised.

[0082] The first absorber 3 is fluidically connected to the first evaporator 2 and to the first generator 4.

[0083] The first absorber 3 comprises a fluid connection A from the first evaporator 2 allowing the entry of the refrigerant in the vapor state into the first absorber 3, preferably directly. The first absorber 3 comprises a fluid connection C, D, E with the first generator 4, more precisely to a second economizer 16 and a first expansion valve 9 through which the first working solution, called rich, from the first absorber 3 is heated and expanded before being transmitted to the first generator 4. The working solution, called rich, leaving the first absorber 3 in the direction of the first generator 4, leaves the second economizer 16 and then passes, preferably, through a first expansion valve 9 before reaching the first generator 4. Advantageously, the second economizer 16 is an exchanger transmitting heat from the solution, called lean, from the first generator 4 to the solution, called rich, from the first absorber 3.The second economizer 16 allows energy recovery to reduce the size of the first absorber 3 and the first generator 4 and thus significantly improve the performance of the transformer 1.

[0084] Advantageously, the first generator 4 comprises a fluid connection H, G, F, with the first absorber 3, more precisely with a first solution pump 8 and with the second economizer 16. The fluid connection allows the entry of the first working solution, called lean, from the first generator 4 into the first absorber 3, preferably, through the first pump 8 then the second economizer 16. In the first absorber 3, the phase change of the refrigerant from the vapor state to the liquid state is accompanied by a release of heat which is transmitted to a source to be heated. It is this production of heat at the first absorber 3 which is particularly sought after according to the invention. The source heated 14 by the first absorber 3 can be, according to one possibility, directly used in particular in industry.The temperature of the heated source 14 at the outlet of the first absorber 3 is advantageously at least 80°C, preferably 100°C, or even 120°C.

[0085] An absorption refrigeration machine 101 (AMR) comprises four main exchangers, a second evaporator 102, a second absorber 103, a second generator 104 and a second condenser 105, and advantageously one to three secondary exchangers.

[0086] The role of the three secondary exchangers is to improve the performance of the machine: a rectifier (not shown) arranged between the second generator 104 and the second condenser 105, a second economizer (not shown) arranged between the second condenser 105 and the second evaporator 102 to play the role of preheating and a second economizer (not shown) arranged between the second absorber 103 and the second generator 104 on the second solution circuit described below.

[0087] According to one possibility, the MFA 101 also comprises at least a second solution pump 108 and a second pressure reducer 109 also called a pressure relief valve.

[0088] According to the invention, the MFA 101 comprises a second expansion valve 107 arranged between the second condenser 105 and the second evaporator 102.

[0089] The refrigerant fluid (or coolant) of the second working solution produced in the second generator 104 circulates between the outlet 141 of the second generator 104 and the inlet 130 of the second absorber 103, passing successively preferentially through the second condenser 105, then the second evaporator 102, and the second absorber 103, more precisely in the fluid connections A', F', I', J'.

[0090] The refrigerant-absorbent solution rich in absorbent (high concentration of absorbent), but poor in refrigerant, commonly called lean solution, circulates from the second generator 104 to the second absorber 103 in the second solution circuit, more precisely in the fluid connections D', E'. The solution poor in absorbent (low concentration of absorbent), but rich in refrigerant, commonly called rich solution, circulates from the second absorber 103 to the second generator 104 in the second solution circuit, more precisely in the fluid connections B', C'.

[0091] This type of MFA 101 operates according to three temperature levels: an intermediate temperature level corresponding to the temperature of the cooling source 113 circulating in the second condenser 105, preferably the temperature is said to be intermediate when it is less than or equal to 45°C, a low temperature level corresponding to the temperature of the source of the second evaporator 102 advantageously corresponding respectively to the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the second evaporator 102, preferably the temperature is said to be low when it is less than 25°C and a high temperature level corresponding to the temperature of the hot source 111 circulating in the second generator 104 advantageously corresponding to the desorption temperature in the second generator 104 preferably the temperature is said to be high when it is greater than or equal to 80°C and less than 100°C.

[0092] The second fluid circuit provides the fluid connection of the components of the MFA 101. More specifically, the second fluid circuit includes the various components and fluid connections arranged between the various components.

[0093] According to the invention, the second fluid circuit ensures the fluid connection of the second generator 104 to the second condenser 105, then of the second condenser 105 to the second evaporator 102, then of the second evaporator 102 to the second absorber 103 then of the second absorber 103 to the second generator 104 then of the second generator 104 to the second absorber 103.

[0094] The absorption refrigeration machine 101 according to the invention comprises a second generator 104 described in detail below.

[0095] The second generator 104 is configured to vaporize the second refrigerant. The generation of refrigerant vapor is carried out at a pressure corresponding to a high pressure. The second generator 104 is thus configured to operate at a pressure corresponding to a high pressure.

[0096] The second working solution, called rich, coming from the second absorber 3 is heated by a heat source 111 of the second generator 104 advantageously corresponding to a medium-temperature source to be recovered which passes through the generator 104. Thanks to this heat, a portion of the refrigerant, for example ammonia, contained in the rich solution as well as traces of water are desorbed. The second depleted working solution resulting from this process returns to the second absorber 103, preferably via the second solution circuit. The desorption process takes place at high pressure, and requires a quantity of heat. The refrigerant vapor produced by the second generator 104, also sometimes called desorber, is conveyed to the second condenser 105, sometimes passing through a rectifier, and / or an economizer.

[0097] The second generator 104 is fluidically connected to the second absorber 103 and to the second condenser 105, possibly via an economizer. The second generator 104 advantageously comprises an inlet 140 for the second working solution, preferably a second so-called rich working solution, in fluidic connection, preferably indirect with the second absorber 103, more precisely with an outlet 131 of the second absorber 3, so as to supply the second generator 104 with the second so-called rich working solution. The refrigerant of the second rich working solution is then vaporized in the second generator 104. The second so-called lean working solution returns to the second absorber 103 via an outlet 142.The second generator 104 advantageously comprises an outlet 142 of the second working solution, preferably a second so-called lean working solution, in fluidic connection, preferably indirect by a third expander 109, with the second absorber 103, more precisely with the inlet 132 of the second absorber 103, so as to supply the second absorber 103 with so-called lean working solution. The second generator 104 comprises an outlet 141 of the second vaporized refrigerant. The outlet 141 is fluidically connected with the inlet 150 of the second condenser 105, possibly passing through an economizer.

[0098] Advantageously, the absorption refrigeration machine 101 comprises, between the second generator 104 and the second absorber 103, another economizer, a third expansion valve 109 and a second solution pump 108. These components are arranged on a second fluid circuit called the solution circuit. The third expansion valve 109 ensures the circulation of the second working solution from the second generator 104 to the second absorber 103 and conversely the second solution pump 108 ensures the circulation of the second working solution from the second absorber 103 to the second generator 104. More specifically, the second working solution called rich and the second working solution called lean circulate respectively from the second absorber 103 to the second generator 104 via the third expansion valve 109 and from the second generator 104 to the second absorber 3 via the third expansion valve 109.

[0099] The second generator 104 comprises a fluid connection F' with the second condenser 105. The second generator 104 is fluidically connected directly to the second condenser 105, possibly by an economizer, allowing the vapor of the second refrigerant to exit the second generator 104. The second generator 104 also comprises a heat source inlet and outlet 111 allowing the supply of heat necessary for the vaporization of the first refrigerant. According to the invention, the heat source 111, or hot source, comprises at least partially, preferably only, fatal energy at a temperature of the order of 70°C minimum, preferably greater than or equal to 80°C.

[0100] The absorption refrigeration machine 101 according to the invention comprises a second condenser 105 described in detail below.

[0101] The second condenser 105 is configured to condense the second refrigerant vapor from the second generator 104. The refrigerant vapor is cooled by a cooling source 113 to be condensed and become liquid again. According to the invention, the condensation of the refrigerant vapor is carried out at a pressure corresponding to a high pressure. The second condenser 105 is configured to operate at a pressure corresponding to a high pressure.

[0102] The second condenser 105 is fluidically connected to the second generator 104 and to the second evaporator 102. The second condenser 105 comprises a fluidic connection F', coming from the second generator 104 allowing the entry of a flow of refrigerant vapor into the second condenser 105, preferably directly or through a rectifier and / or an economizer. The flow of refrigerant vapor arriving in the second condenser 105 is advantageously at a so-called high pressure.

[0103] The second condenser 105 comprises an inlet 150 for the refrigerant vapor flow and an outlet 151 for the refrigerant flow having been condensed.

[0104] The second condenser 105 comprises a fluid connection, I', J' with the second evaporator 102 allowing the refrigerant to exit in the liquid state, advantageously through a second expansion valve 107 intended to bring the refrigerant to its evaporation pressure, preferably a pressure corresponding to a low pressure. The second condenser 105 also comprises a cooling source 113 consisting at least partially according to the invention of ambient air. The cooling source 113 has a temperature less than or equal to 45°C, preferably less than or equal to 35°C, preferably less than or equal to 25°C. The cooling source 113 is intended to ensure the cooling of the refrigerant vapor and thus allow its condensation in the sense of the second condenser 105.

[0105] According to a possibility not shown, the absorption refrigeration machine 101 comprises a rectifier arranged between the second generator 104 and the second condenser 105. The rectifier makes it possible to remove by condensation the traces of water carried along with the refrigerant fluid at the outlet of the second generator 104 and thus ensures the proper functioning of the machine 101. Preferably, the rectifier is in this case arranged on the fluid connection F' ensuring the fluid connection between the second generator 4 and the second condenser 105.

[0106] Advantageously, the absorption refrigeration machine 1 comprises a second expansion valve 107 arranged between the second condenser 105 and the second evaporator 102. The second expansion valve 107 is configured to expand the refrigerant in the liquid state coming from the second condenser 105. The second expansion valve 107 advantageously comprises an inlet 170 for the flow of refrigerant in the liquid state at a high pressure and an outlet 171 for the flow of refrigerant in the liquid state at a pressure in the low pressure range.

[0107] Advantageously, the absorption refrigeration machine 101 comprises an economizer playing the role of preheating or superheating. The economizer is arranged between the second condenser 105 and the second evaporator 102. The economizer is a heat exchanger arranged on the fluid connection from the second condenser 105 to the second evaporator 102 and on the fluid connection from the second generator 104 to the second condenser 105. Thus, the heated refrigerant leaving the second generator 4 passes through the economizer to transmit part of its heat to the refrigerant leaving the second condenser 105, thus making it possible to preheat the refrigerant before it enters the second evaporator 102. The economizer makes it possible to recover energy and therefore to reduce the size of the second condenser 105 and the second evaporator 102 and thus to significantly improve the performance of the machine.The relevance of this component depends on the operating temperatures, the size of the transformer and the cost of the exchangers.

[0108] The absorption heat transformer according to the invention comprises a first evaporator 2 described in detail below.

[0109] The second evaporator 102 is configured to vaporize the refrigerant. In this component, the pressure is low and a medium temperature heat input is required to enable the evaporation of the refrigerant. The second evaporator 102 is configured to operate at a pressure selected from a low pressure range. More specifically, the flow of refrigerant circulating within the second evaporator 102 has a pressure within the low pressure range.

[0110] The second evaporator 102 comprises an inlet 120 and an outlet 121. The inlet 120 is fluidly connected to the outlet 151 of the first condenser 105, more precisely to the outlet 171 of the second expansion valve 107. The outlet 121 is fluidly connected to an inlet 130 of the second absorber 103. The refrigerant in the vapor state leaves the second evaporator 102 and preferably enters directly into the second absorber 103.

[0111] The second evaporator 102 is fluidically connected to the second condenser 105 and to the second absorber 103. The second evaporator 102 comprises a fluidic connection I', J' coming from the second condenser 105, more precisely according to the illustrated embodiment coming from the second expander 107.

[0112] The second evaporator 102 comprises a fluid connection A' with the second absorber 103, allowing the refrigerant vapor to exit, preferably directly. The second evaporator 102 also comprises an inlet and an outlet for a heat source. The phase change of the refrigerant from the liquid state to the vapor state is accompanied by a transmission of heat from the hot source to the refrigerant. The hot source transmits calories and thus sees its temperature lower.

[0113] According to the invention, the heat source is thermal energy produced by the first condenser 5. The absorption heat transformer 1 and the absorption refrigerating machine 101 are thermally connected at this level.

[0114] The second evaporator 102 of the refrigerating machine 101 uses the heat emitted by the condenser 5 to ensure the evaporation of the second refrigerant. This makes it possible to cool the refrigerant circulating in the first condenser 5 of the absorption heat transformer 1 and ensure its condensation. In a certain way, the first condenser uses as a cooling source the cold produced by the second evaporator 102 of the refrigerating machine 101.

[0115] The absorption refrigeration machine 101 thus makes it possible to lower the temperature level of a source supplied to the absorption heat transformer 1 and in particular to its first condenser 5 from a cooling source 113 circulating at the level of the second condenser 105 of the machine 101 which has a temperature greater than or equal to 25°C and preferably less than or equal to 45°C. The cooling source 113 is preferably ambient air. The system according to the invention thus makes it possible to operate an absorption heat transformer 1 in all seasons and therefore to supply heat uninterruptedly throughout the year with a very slight loss of overall energy performance due to the absorption refrigeration machine 101.

[0116] According to a first embodiment, the thermal coupling of the transformer 1 and the machine 101 is achieved by an intermediate fluid circuit. This thermal coupling is defined as an indirect coupling. The system comprises an intermediate fluid circuit ensuring the thermal connection between the first condenser 5 and the second evaporator 102. The intermediate fluid circuit is configured to receive a heat transfer fluid. The intermediate fluid circuit is a closed circuit fluidically independent of the first fluid circuit of the transformer 1 and the second fluid circuit of the machine 101. There is no circulation of fluid between the first fluid circuit and / or the second fluid circuit and / or the intermediate fluid circuit.The intermediate fluid circuit mainly comprises two fluid connections respectively ensuring the circulation of the heat transfer fluid from the second evaporator 102 to the first condenser 5 and the circulation of the heat transfer fluid from the first condenser 5 to the second evaporator 102. The fluid circuit makes it possible to supply the hot heat transfer fluid to the second evaporator 102 which causes the evaporation of the refrigerant in the second evaporator 102, then the cooled heat transfer fluid leaves the evaporator 102 and comes into the first condenser 5 to ensure the condensation of the refrigerant causing the heating of the heat transfer fluid which leaves again towards the second evaporator 102.By way of non-limiting example, the second evaporator 102 and the first condenser 105 are plate exchangers or exchangers conventionally used in absorption machines and transformers comprising a spraying of the heat transfer fluid in an enclosure within which a tube is arranged in which either the first refrigerant or the second refrigerant circulates.

[0117] According to a second embodiment, the thermal coupling of the transformer 1 and the machine 101 is carried out within a plate exchanger. This thermal coupling is defined as a direct coupling. The first condenser 5 and the second evaporator 102 are combined in a single plate exchanger in which both the first refrigerant and the second refrigerant circulate so as to ensure a thermal coupling without fluid connection. The refrigerant entering the second evaporator 102 is in the liquid state colder than the refrigerant entering the first condenser 5 which is in the vapor state. Thus, the refrigerant of the first condenser 5 transmits its calories to the refrigerant of the second evaporator allowing the condensation of the refrigerant in the first condenser 5 and the evaporation of the refrigerant in the second evaporator 102.

[0118] The absorption refrigeration machine 101 according to the invention comprises a second absorber 103 described in detail below.

[0119] The second absorber 103 is configured to condense the refrigerant vapor from the second evaporator 102.

[0120] In this component, the pressure is low. The second absorber 103 is configured to operate in a pressure range corresponding to the low pressure range. More specifically, the flows of refrigerant fluid and the second working solution circulating within the second absorber 103 have a pressure included in the low pressure range.

[0121] The second absorber 103 comprises an inlet 130, an inlet 132 and an outlet 131.

[0122] The inlet 130 is fluidically connected to the outlet 121 of the second evaporator 102. The refrigerant vapor from the second evaporator 102 enters the second absorber 103 through the inlet 130.

[0123] The inlet 132 fluidly connected to the outlet 142 of the second generator 104. The absorbent, or working solution composed of water and a small fraction of refrigerant, also called lean solution, from the second generator 104 enters the second absorber 103 through the inlet 132 and is distributed along the second absorber 103. The lean solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor which comes from the second evaporator 102 and becomes an enriched solution, close to its saturated condition.

[0124] The outlet 131 fluidly connected to an inlet 140 of the second generator 4. The rich solution exits the second absorber 103 through the outlet 131 to be transmitted to the second generator 104. The absorption process occurs at low pressure, releasing a quantity of heat which is dissipated towards the hot source 114.

[0125] The second absorber 103 is fluidically connected to the second evaporator 102 and to the second generator 104. The second absorber 103 comprises a fluidic connection A' from the second evaporator 2 allowing the entry of the refrigerant in the vapor state into the second absorber 103, preferably directly. The second absorber 103 comprises a fluidic connection B', C' with the second generator 104, possibly with an economizer through which the first working solution, called rich, from the second absorber 103 is heated before being transmitted to the second generator 104. Then, the working solution, called rich, leaving the second absorber 103 towards the second generator 104, passes, preferably, through a second solution pump 108 before reaching the second generator 104.Advantageously, the economizer is an exchanger transmitting heat from the so-called lean solution coming from the second generator 104 to the so-called rich solution coming from the second absorber 103. The economizer allows energy recovery making it possible to reduce the size of the second absorber 103 and the second generator 104 and thus significantly improve the performance of the machine 101. Advantageously, the second generator 104 comprises a fluid connection D', E', with the second absorber 103, more precisely with a third expander 109. The fluid connection allows the entry of the second working solution, called lean, coming from the second generator 104 into the second absorber 3, preferably, through the third expander 109 and then possibly the economizer 16.In the second absorber 103, the phase change of the refrigerant from the vapor state to the liquid state is accompanied by a release of heat which is transmitted to a heat source 114. The heat source 114 is advantageously identical to the heat source 113.

[0126] According to one embodiment, the system comprises at least one control member (not shown).

[0127] According to one preference, the system comprises a control unit configured to control the at least one control member. Advantageously, the system comprises various temperature and / or pressure and / or flow rate sensors distributed over the fluid circuits, whether on the components or on the fluid connections. Advantageously, the various sensors are connected to the control unit and preferably make it possible to optimize the control of the at least one control member as a function of the different pressure and / or temperature and / or flow rate and / or heat requirements data at the heated source 14.

[0128] The control unit is notably designed to control the starting or stopping of the absorption refrigeration machine depending in particular on the heat requirements at the heated source 14 and the temperature of the cooling source 113.

[0129] The fluid circuit of the transformer 1 comprises a fluid connection A ensuring the fluid connection of the first evaporator 2 to the first absorber 3, preferably directly, more precisely from the outlet 21 of the first evaporator 2 to the inlet 30 of the first absorber 3. The fluid connection A ensures the circulation of at least part of the flow of refrigerant fluid in the gaseous state and at a first pressure corresponding to a high pressure from the first evaporator 2 to the first absorber 3.

[0130] The fluid circuit of the transformer 1 comprises a fluid connection C ensuring the fluid connection of the first absorber 3 to the second economizer 16, preferably directly, more precisely from the outlet 31 of the first absorber 3 to the inlet of the second economizer 16. The fluid connection C ensures the circulation of the flow of a working solution, called rich, and at a third pressure corresponding to a high pressure from the first absorber 3 towards the first generator 4.

[0131] The fluid circuit of the transformer 1 comprises a fluid connection D ensuring the fluid connection of the second economizer 16, preferably directly, to a first regulator 9. The fluid connection D ensures the circulation of the flow of the so-called rich working solution, cooled after its passage through the second economizer 16 and at a pressure corresponding to a high pressure from the second economizer 16 towards the first generator 4.

[0132] The fluid circuit of the transformer 1 comprises a fluid connection E ensuring the fluid connection of the first regulator 9, preferably directly, to the first generator 4, more precisely to the inlet 40 of the first generator 4. The fluid connection E ensures the circulation of the flow of the rich working solution heated and at a pressure corresponding to a low pressure from the first regulator 9 to the first generator 4.

[0133] The first regulator 9 ensures a reduction in the pressure of the flow of the rich working solution before it enters the first generator 4.

[0134] The fluid circuit of the transformer 1 comprises a fluid connection F ensuring the fluid connection of the first generator 4, more precisely the outlet 42 of the first generator 4, preferably directly, to a first solution pump 8. The fluid connection F ensures the circulation of the flow of the lean working solution and at a pressure corresponding to a low pressure from the first generator 4 towards the first absorber 3.

[0135] The fluid circuit of the transformer 1 comprises a fluid connection G ensuring the fluid connection of the first solution pump 8, preferably directly, to the second economizer 16. The fluid connection G ensures the circulation of the flow of the lean working solution and at a pressure corresponding to a high pressure from the first solution pump 8 towards the first absorber 3.

[0136] The first solution pump 8 ensures compression of the working solution and therefore an increase in the pressure of the flow of the lean working solution before it enters the first absorber 3.

[0137] The fluid circuit of the transformer 1 comprises a fluid connection H ensuring the fluid connection of the second economizer 16, preferably directly, to the first absorber 3. The fluid connection H ensures the circulation of the flow of the lean and heated working solution after its passage through the second economizer 16 and at a pressure corresponding to a high pressure from the second economizer 16 to the first absorber 3.

[0138] The fluid circuit of the transformer 1 comprises a fluid connection I ensuring the fluid connection of the first generator 4, more precisely of the outlet 41 of the first generator 4 to the first economizer 15. The fluid connection I ensures the circulation of the flow of refrigerant fluid in the gaseous state and at a pressure corresponding to a low pressure, coming from the first generator 4 towards the first condenser 5 via the first economizer 15.

[0139] The fluid circuit of the transformer 1 comprises a fluid connection J ensuring the fluid connection of the first economizer 15, preferably directly to the first condenser 5, more precisely the inlet 50 of the first condenser 5. The fluid connection J ensures the circulation of the flow of the refrigerant fluid in the cooled gaseous state after its passage through the first economizer 15 and at a pressure corresponding to a low pressure, coming from the first economizer 15 to the first condenser 5.

[0140] The fluid circuit of the transformer 1 comprises a fluid connection L ensuring the fluid connection of the first condenser 5, more precisely the outlet 51 of the first condenser 5, preferably directly to a first pump 7, in the direction of the first evaporator 2. The fluid connection L ensures the circulation of the flow of refrigerant fluid in the liquid state and at a pressure corresponding to a low pressure, coming from the first condenser 5 towards the first pump 7.

[0141] The fluid circuit of the transformer 1 comprises a fluid connection M ensuring the fluid connection of the first pump 7 to the first evaporator 2 and preferably passing through the first economizer 15. The fluid connection M ensures the circulation of the refrigerant fluid in the liquid state and at a pressure corresponding to a high pressure, coming from the first pump 7 to the first economizer 15.

[0142] The first pump 7 ensures compression of the refrigerant fluid in the liquid state and therefore an increase in the pressure of the flow of refrigerant fluid in the liquid state before it enters the first evaporator 2.

[0143] The fluid circuit of the transformer 1 comprises a fluid connection N ensuring the fluid connection of the first economizer 15 to the first evaporator 2, preferably directly and more precisely at the inlet 20 of the first evaporator 2. The fluid connection N ensures the circulation of the refrigerant fluid in the heated liquid state after its passage through the first economizer 15 and at a pressure corresponding to a high pressure from the first economizer 15 to the first evaporator 2.

[0144] High pressures may or may not be the same, but all correspond to high pressures.

[0145] Low pressures may or may not be the same, but all correspond to low pressures.

[0146] The fluid circuit of the machine 101 comprises a fluid connection A' ensuring the fluid connection of the second evaporator 102 to the second absorber 103, preferably directly, more precisely from the outlet 121 of the second evaporator 102 to the inlet 130 of the second absorber 103. The fluid connection A ensures the circulation of at least part of the flow of refrigerant fluid in the gaseous state and at a pressure corresponding to a low pressure from the second evaporator 102 to the second absorber 103.

[0147] The fluid circuit of the machine 101 comprises a fluid connection B' ensuring the fluid connection of the second absorber 103, preferably directly, more precisely from the outlet 131 of the second absorber 103 to the second solution pump 108. The fluid connection B' ensures the circulation of the flow of the so-called rich working solution, and at a pressure corresponding to a low pressure from the second absorber 103 to the second solution pump 108 in the direction of the second generator 104.

[0148] The fluid circuit of the machine 101 comprises a fluid connection C' ensuring the fluid connection of the second solution pump 108, preferably directly, to the second generator 104, more precisely to the inlet 140 of the second generator 4. The fluid connection C' ensures the circulation of the flow of the rich working solution and at a pressure corresponding to a high pressure from the second solution pump 108 to the second generator 104.

[0149] The second solution pump 108 provides compression of the working solution and therefore an increase in the pressure of the flow of rich working solution before it enters the second generator 104.

[0150] The fluid circuit of the machine 101 comprises a fluid connection D' ensuring the fluid connection of the second generator 104, more precisely the outlet 142 of the second generator 104, preferably directly, to a third pressure reducer 109. The fluid connection F ensures the circulation of the flow of the lean working solution and at a pressure corresponding to a high pressure from the second generator 104 to a third pressure reducer 109 in the direction of the second absorber 103.

[0151] The fluid circuit of the machine 101 comprises a fluid connection E' ensuring the fluid connection of the third regulator 109, preferably directly, to the second absorber 103. The fluid connection E' ensures the circulation of the flow of the lean working solution and at a pressure corresponding to a low pressure from the third regulator 109 towards the second absorber 103.

[0152] The third regulator 109 ensures a reduction in the pressure of the flow of the lean working solution before it enters the second absorber 103.

[0153] The fluid circuit of the machine 101 comprises a fluid connection F' ensuring the fluid connection of the second generator 104, more precisely from the outlet 141 of the second generator 104 to the second condenser 105, more precisely the inlet 150 of the second condenser 105. The fluid connection F' ensures the circulation of the flow of refrigerant fluid in the gaseous state and at a pressure corresponding to a high pressure, coming from the second generator 104 to the second condenser 105.

[0154] The fluid circuit of the machine 101 comprises a fluid connection I' ensuring the fluid connection of the first condenser 5, more precisely the outlet 151 of the second condenser 105, preferably directly to a second expansion valve 107, in the direction of the second evaporator 102. The fluid connection I' ensures the circulation of the flow of refrigerant fluid in the liquid state and at a pressure corresponding to a high pressure, coming from the second condenser 105 towards the second expansion valve 107.

[0155] The fluid circuit of the machine 101 comprises a fluid connection J' ensuring the fluid connection of the second expansion valve 107 to the second evaporator 102. The fluid connection J' ensures the circulation of the refrigerant fluid in the liquid state and at a pressure corresponding to a low pressure, coming from the second expansion valve 107 to the second evaporator 102.

[0156] The second expansion valve 107 ensures expansion of the refrigerant fluid in the liquid state and therefore a reduction in the pressure of the flow of refrigerant fluid in the liquid state before it enters the second evaporator 102.

[0157] The system has the advantage of not requiring an additional heat or cold source. The coupling of the refrigeration machine does not require the use of heat or cold sources other than or additional to the heat transformer for its operation.

[0158] According to one possibility, the system comprises a pressure regulating member and in particular the pressure of the refrigerant in the second evaporator 104 of the refrigerating machine is regulated as a function of the ambient temperature, more generally the temperature of the common cold source 112, in order to maintain an optimal condensation temperature of the refrigerant in the first condenser 5 of the heat transformer (between 10°C-25°C) in order to maximize the overall performance of the system coupling.

[0159] High pressures may or may not be the same, but all correspond to high pressures.

[0160] Low pressures may or may not be the same, but all correspond to low pressures.

[0161] Advantageously, a low pressure is less than or equal to 1000 KPa, or even 900 KPa, a high pressure is greater than or equal to 2000 KPa, or even 2500 KPa.

[0162] Example: Evaluation of the performance of a system according to the invention in summer conditions.

[0163] For an average temperature of fatal heat to be recovered of 80°C, that is to say a heat source 10, 11, 111 having a temperature of the order of 80°C, a hot temperature at the inlet of the absorber of 100°C, that is to say a source to be heated having a temperature of the order of 100°C and an outside temperature of 35°C, that is to say a cooling source 113 and 114 having a temperature of the order of 35°C.

[0164] Simple TCA (state of the art without absorption refrigeration machine): COP_th=0.20 COP_elec=2.6 ΔT abs=0.4°C System according to Figure 1

[0165] COP_th=0.27 COP_elec=15.4 ΔT_abs=11.2 °C

[0166] The results of this model show that coupling the transformer with an absorption refrigeration machine improves the COP_elec of the machine by a factor of 7 (in the TCA configuration, only electrical energy is a source of expenditure) and the COP_th from 0.2 to 0.27. The most important point to note is the temperature difference of the source to be heated between the inlet and the outlet of the heated source 14 of absorber 3, ΔT_abs, which increases from 0.4 to 11°C. This is the most important factor in justifying the use of an ejector in the TCA because this temperature difference dictates the possibility or not of valorizing the hot source by a new industrial process. A difference of 0.4°C is not sufficient to supply an industrial process while a difference of 11°C can supply many industrial processes or heat networks. LIST OF REFERENCES

[0167] 1. Heat Transformer 2. First Evaporator 3. First Absorber 4. First Generator 5. First Condenser 5'. Complementary Condenser 7. First Pump 8. First Solution Pump 9. First Expansion Valve 10. Hot Source of First Evaporator 11. Hot Source of First Generator 12. Cooling Source of Complementary Condenser 14. Heated Source 15. First Economizer 16. Second Economizer 20. Inlet to First Evaporator 21. Outlet of First Evaporator 30. Inlet to First Absorber 31. Outlet of First Absorber 32. Second Inlet to First Absorber 40. Inlet to First Generator 41. Outlet of First Generator 42. Second Outlet of First Generator 50. Inlet to First Condenser 51. Outlet of First Condenser 70. Inlet to First Pump 71. Outlet of First Pump 80. Inlet to First Solution Pump 81. Outlet of First Solution Pump 90. Inlet to First Expansion Valve 91.Outlet of the first expansion valve 101. Heat absorption refrigeration machine 102. Second Evaporator 103. Second Absorber 104. Second Generator 105. Second Condenser 107. Second Expansion Valve 108. Second Solution Pump 109. Third Expansion Valve 111. Second generator hot source 112. Common inlet of the refrigeration machine cooling source 113. Cooling source of the second condenser 114. Hot source of the second absorber 115. Three-way valve 120. Inlet to the second evaporator 121. Outlet of the second evaporator 130. Inlet to the second absorber 131. Outlet of the second absorber 132. Second Inlet to the second absorber 140. Inlet to the second generator 141. Outlet of the second generator 142. Second Outlet of the second generator 150. Inlet to the second condenser 151. Outlet of the second condenser 170. Inlet into the second expansion valve 171. Outlet of the second expansion valve 180.Inlet to the second solution pump 181. Outlet from the second solution pump 190. Inlet to the third regulator 191. Outlet from the third regulator.

Claims

1. Heat production system comprising an absorption heat transformer (1), intended for the production of heat, comprising a first fluid circuit receiving a first working solution formed of a first refrigerant / first absorbent pair and successively comprising in fluid connection: a first evaporator (2) operating at high pressure, a first absorber (3) operating at high pressure and intended for the production of high-temperature heat, a first generator (4) operating at low pressure and a first condenser (5) operating at low pressure, the fluid circuit comprises a first pump arranged between the first condenser and the first evaporator, a first solution pump arranged between the first generator and the first absorber, and a first expansion valve arranged in parallel with the first solution pump between the first absorber and the second generator, Characterized in thatthe system (1) comprises an absorption refrigerating machine (101) comprising a second fluid circuit receiving a second working solution formed of a first refrigerant / first absorbent pair and successively comprising in fluid connection: a second evaporator (102) operating at low pressure and intended for the production of cold, a second absorber (103) operating at low pressure, a second generator (104) operating at high pressure and a second condenser (105) operating at high pressure, and the first condenser (105) and the second evaporator (102) being thermally coupled to each other in a plate exchanger configured to receive the second refrigerant and the first refrigerant.

2. System according to claim 1 comprising a complementary condenser (5') arranged on the first fluid circuit upstream of the first condenser (5) and downstream of the first generator (4) and a three-way valve (115) comprising a first outlet fluidly connected to the complementary condenser (5'), a second outlet fluidly connected to the second condenser (105) and to the second absorber (103) and to an inlet fluidly connected to a common cold source (112) intended to supply the complementary condenser (5'), the second condenser (105) and the second absorber (103).

3. System according to the preceding claim wherein the three-way valve (115) is configured to take two alternative configurations: - a first configuration, called winter, in which the first outlet of the three-way valve (115) is open ensuring the supply of the additional condenser (5') with cold source (12) and the second outlet of the three-way valve (115) is closed preventing the supply of the second condenser (105) and the second absorber (103) with cold source (113-114), only the absorption heat transformer being in operation, - a second configuration, called summer, in which the first outlet of the three-way valve (115) is closed preventing the supply of the additional condenser (5') with cold source (12) and the second outlet of the three-way valve (115) is open ensuring the supply of the second condenser (105) and the second absorber (103) with cold source (113-114),the absorption heat transformer and the refrigeration machine being in operation., 4. System according to any one of the two preceding claims comprising a control unit intended to control the three-way valve, as a function of a temperature of a common cold source (112), when the temperature of the common cold source (112) is lower than a set temperature, the three-way valve is in the first configuration called winter and when the temperature of the common cold source (112) is higher than a set temperature, the three-way valve is in the second configuration called summer.

5. System according to any one of the preceding claims in which the first fluid circuit and the second fluid circuit are respectively fluidically independent closed circuits.

6. Method for producing heat by an absorption heat system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims. characterized in that the second evaporator (102) forms the cooling source of the first condenser (5).

7. Method according to the preceding claim in which the second refrigerant and the first refrigerant circulate in a plate exchanger playing the role of the second evaporator (102) and the first condenser (5).

8. Method according to any one of the two preceding claims in which the second condenser (105) receives a cooling source (113) intended to ensure cooling within the second condenser (105), the cooling source (113) being at a maximum temperature less than or equal to 45°C.

9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims comprising • a first configuration, called winter, in which the first output of the three-way valve (115) is open ensuring the supply of the additional condenser (5') with cold source (12) and the second output of the three-way valve (115) is closed preventing the supply of the second condenser (105) and the second absorber (103) with cold source (113 - 114), only the absorption heat transformer being in operation, • a second configuration, called summer, in which the first output of the three-way valve (115) is closed preventing the supply of the additional condenser (5') with cold source (12) and the second output of the three-way valve (115) is open ensuring the supply of the second condenser (105) and the second absorber (103) with cold source (113 - 114), the absorption heat transformer and the refrigerating machine being in operation.

10. Method according to the preceding claim in which a control unit controls the three-way valve (115), as a function of a temperature of a common cold source (112), when the temperature of the common cold source (112) is lower than a set temperature, the control unit controls the three-way valve (115) so that it is in the first configuration, called winter, and when the temperature of the common cold source (112) is higher than a set temperature, the control unit controls the three-way valve (115) so that it is in the second configuration, called summer.

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