Temporally distributed transmission of incident data records, logged by a fire alarm and including measurement values relating to significant fire characteristic variables, to a central fire alarm system

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the logging of measurement values (MOP, MT, MCO), in particular raw measurement values, relating to significant fire characteristic variables (OPT, TEMP, CO) detected by a fire alarm (2), wherein, if a current measurement value exceeds a threshold value (OG, TG, COG) as a fire incident indicator, the measurement values are temporarily stored as a log in a data store (DS) of the fire alarm, wherein, after the log has been made, an incident data record (REC) is formed from same, together with header data (HEADER), wherein an incident data record is transmitted in the background from the fire alarm to a central fire alarm system in a temporally distributed manner and over multiple data transmission blocks (DAT) released by the central fire alarm system (1). Preferably, an average data transmission rate (DRZ) between the fire alarm and the central fire alarm system is lower than an average memory data rate (DRM) for the storing of an incident data record in the fire alarm. The invention also relates to a fire alarm, a central fire alarm system and a fire alarm system.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Time-distributed transmission of event data records recorded by a fire detector with measured values ​​of significant fire parameters to a fire alarm control center

[0003] The invention relates to a method for recording measured values, in particular raw measured values, for at least one significant fire parameter that indicates a possible fire event and is detected by a fire detector. If the current measured value of the at least one fire parameter exceeds a predetermined first limit value as an indication of a possible fire event, the measured values ​​are (temporarily) stored in a data memory of the respective fire detector.

[0004] "Raw measured values" refer to unprocessed measured values ​​that an analog / digital converter converts from a measured analog fire characteristic into a digital measured value. They can therefore also be referred to as raw data.

[0005] Fire parameters include, in particular, smoke density, temperature, and the concentration of fire gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the vicinity of a fire detector. Smoke density is usually detected using an optical photosensor, such as a photodiode. The photosensor is typically arranged in a scattered light arrangement with a light transmitter (LED) and provides a corresponding optical scattered light signal on the output side. Alternatively, the photosensor can be arranged in a transmitted light arrangement with a light transmitter (LED). In this case, the photosensor provides a corresponding optical extinction signal on the output side. Two optical scattered light signals can also be detected, for example in a first wavelength range from 850 nm to 960 nm (infrared) and in a second wavelength range from 380 nm to 490 nm (blue or ultraviolet).Alternatively or additionally, two optical scattered light signals can be detected at different scattering angles, such as a forward and backward scattering angle.

[0006] The temperature is typically measured using a temperature sensor, preferably one or more NTC thermistors. The temperature sensor provides a corresponding (analog) temperature signal on the output side.

[0007] The concentration of fire gases, particularly carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), is detected by a CO or CO2 sensor and output as a CO or CO2 concentration value or as a CO or CO2 concentration level. CO2 concentration is typically detected using an electrolytic gas sensor. Alternatively, semiconductor sensors, such as GASFETs, can be used.

[0008] Significant signal fluctuations or changes can indicate an impending actual fire, a false alarm, or even a condition that deviates slightly from the "normal" state.

[0009] The invention relates to a fire detector, in particular a smoke detector. The fire detector comprises at least one fire sensor for detecting a respective fire parameter, a data memory, and a (first) control unit connected to the latter. The latter is configured to detect measured values ​​of at least one respective fire parameter and, in the event of a detected fire, to issue a fire alarm. The control unit is additionally configured to temporarily store the continuously detected measured values ​​of at least one respective fire parameter in the data memory if at least one respective measured value of the at least one fire parameter exceeds a respective predetermined first limit value. The fire sensor can have an optical fire sensor, in particular an optical measuring chamber based on the scattered light principle. Alternatively or additionally, the fire sensor can have a temperature sensor, in particular an NTC.Alternatively or additionally, the fire sensor may comprise a CO and / or C02 gas sensor.

[0010] Finally, the invention relates to a suitable fire alarm control panel and a suitable fire alarm system.

[0011] Such methods and fire detectors are known, for example, from US 2015 / 084765A1, US 2015 / 097687 A1, or US 2017 / 257826 A1. The previously known fire detectors are interconnected in a wireless network.

[0012] The fire detector disclosed in US 2015 / 084765A1 and connected to a higher-level home network manager can have an event data recorder in the form of a fire-resistant flight data recorder. Such an event data recorder is designed and / or constructed to survive a fire. For example, the data and / or information stored in the event data recorder can be recovered from the event data recorder even if the fire detector was otherwise destroyed during the fire.

[0013] The fire detectors disclosed in US 2015 / 097687 A1 and US 2017 / 257826 A1 are connected to a central server or a cloud computing system or to a base unit.

[0014] The data transmission rate for transmitting measured values ​​from a wireless fire detector to the server or cloud computing system is generally not a problem in order to evaluate the recorded measured values, for example, in the cloud.

[0015] In contrast to the previously described wireless fire detectors, the data transmission rate in safety-relevant wired fire alarm systems is drastically limited. This is particularly true for fire alarm systems that include a fire alarm control panel with one or more connected detector lines, each with a multitude of fire detectors, manual alarm devices, and optical and / or audible alarm devices. In addition, each device connected to the detector line must be supplied with electrical power via the fire alarm control panel.

[0016] For safety reasons, such a detector line is usually connected to a fire alarm control panel as a so-called detector loop with a series of intermediate isolators. The latter is designed to supply power and data to the participants "from the other side" in the event of a fault, such as an open circuit, short circuit, or earth fault. So that, for example, 250 participants can be operated "on a loop" with a length of 2,500 m and a line resistance of 75-180 ohms at low voltage, each participant may only have a power consumption of < 1 mA for providing the detector function and for communication.

[0017] In contrast, DSL connections are purely point-to-point connections. For DSL or other broadband technologies, the higher the frequency, the more electrical driver power is required to modulate the transmission signals onto the DSL cable.

[0018] For energy and cost reasons, data transmission in such fire alarm systems occurs in a baseband. Line attenuation, acting like an RC low-pass filter with a maximum detector line length of 3,300 meters, as well as reflections from spur lines and the requirement for functional integrity in the event of line faults on the detector line using isolators, adversely limit the possible data or symbol rate. The high number of participants on the detector line, which often also loop isolators into the line for short-circuit limitation, causes a large number of impedance changes.

[0019] The detector cable often has to be a cable with unknown electrical properties that originates from a previous fire alarm system in the building. The technical requirement is therefore often that the fire alarm system must be able to handle any detector cable, i.e., with or without shielding and with or without twisting. Only the wire cross-sections of the individual conductors of the detector cable must be in a range between 0.25 and 1.5 mm 2 lay .

[0020] While there are approaches to achieving a more homogeneous line impedance using adaptive termination elements in each device, this leads to unpredictable changes in the topology of the detector line in the event of a line fault, such as an open circuit, a ground fault, or a short circuit. The adaptation time required after such a fault is far too long for the detector line, and thus the fire alarm system, to function reliably and operationally again according to specifications.

[0021] In contrast, a DSL connection requires a longer “training phase” to adjust or equalize the line.

[0022] For these reasons and the fact that approximately 75% of the available transmission time is required to supply energy to the connected participants, the system only allows a total data transmission rate of a maximum of 1000 bit / s for both transmission directions.

[0023] Today's wired fire detectors make the entire "fire - no fire" decision based on an algorithm implemented in the fire detector itself.

[0024] In almost all fire alarm systems, only the value "Fire - no fire" is transmitted to the fire alarm control panel. In some cases - as with the applicant's FS20 fire alarm system - intermediate values ​​in the form of danger levels (DL 0, DL 1, DL 2 and DL 3) are also transmitted. The reason for this is the previously mentioned extremely limited transmission bandwidth and low data transmission rate. A further reason is that, due to the very low electrical power available for a fire detector, there is not enough computing power available to carry out further computing-intensive analyses within the required alarm time in addition to the comparatively power-intensive metrological fire detection.

[0025] In summary, it is therefore not possible to have an "online" data transfer between a large number of fire detectors and the fire alarm control panel in order to transmit the respective measured values ​​from the fire detectors, particularly in a multi-channel format, to the fire alarm control panel.

[0026] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a suitable method for recording measured values, in particular raw measured values, and for their further processing in a wired fire alarm system.

[0027] It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved fire detector of the type mentioned at the outset for operation in a wired fire alarm system.

[0028] Finally, it is an object of the present invention to provide a suitable fire alarm control panel and a suitable fire alarm system.

[0029] The problem is solved for the method by the features of the independent method claim. Advantageous method variants are specified in the dependent claims.

[0030] According to the invention, the measured values ​​for at least one significant fire parameter indicating a possible fire event and detected by a fire detector are recorded. A fire alarm control panel is connected to a plurality of such fire detectors via a common detector line for supplying electrical power to the fire detectors and for data transmission to the fire detectors. In other words, the fire alarm control panel is not connected to the fire detectors wirelessly.

[0031] The number of participants operated on a common detector line, i.e. fire detectors, other alarm devices such as alarm flashing lights as well as I / O units, manual call points and isolators, is at least 10, in particular at least 25 and preferably at least 50.

[0032] Furthermore, if a current measured value of at least one fire parameter exceeds a predefined first limit value as an indication of a possible fire event, the measured values ​​are temporarily stored as a recording in a data memory of the respective fire detector. After recording, an event data record is created from the respective measured values ​​together with header data.

[0033] Finally, an event data record is distributed over time by the respective fire detector and transmitted to the fire alarm control center, in particular subordinately, via several data transmission blocks released by the fire alarm control center.

[0034] The particular advantage of this is that each event data record transmitted to the fire alarm control panel can later be further processed for data analysis in a computer system, e.g. based on a Linux, Windows or iOS operating system. Such a file can, for example, have the file extension .REC. The transmitted event data records can, for example, be saved in a data memory of the fire alarm control panel, in particular in a database of the fire alarm control panel, and then read out via a connected computer system. Alternatively or additionally, the event data records transmitted to the fire alarm control panel can be transmitted to the "cloud" via a data connection, in particular via an internet connection. "Cloud" means that the result data records are transmitted to a cloud infrastructure, in particular to a database of the cloud infrastructure.A user can then access this database using an internet-enabled computer system.

[0035] An event data record, in particular, forms a container file, which, as a data structure, encloses multiple recordings of measured values ​​in the sense of a measured value data stream. These enclosed recordings of measured values ​​are preferably limited to specified formats. The multi-channel recordings together form a logical whole, summarized in a "container."

[0036] The memory for storing the measured values ​​in the fire detector can be an internal read-only memory, such as a FRAM, EEPROM, or flash memory. For larger data volumes, the memory can also be an SSD (solid-state disk).

[0037] According to one variant of the method, an average data transmission rate between a fire detector and the fire alarm control panel is, in particular, many times lower than an average storage data rate for saving an event data record in the respective fire detector. By “many times” we mean that the average data transmission rate between a fire detector and the fire alarm control panel is in the range of 2 to 100 times, in particular in the range of 5 to 25 times, lower than the average storage data rate for saving an event data record. In other words, the storage data rate required to save the data content of an event data record is far too high to be able to transmit the measured value data stream arising in a fire detector to the fire alarm control panel “online” at all.

[0038] The measured values ​​for a smoke density to be recorded typically have a bit width in the range of 10 bits to 16 bits. With a 16-bit resolution, a recorded measured value thus covers a value range of 2 to the power of 16 = 65536. A measured value can therefore assume numerical values ​​from 0 to 65535 "counts" as the output value of an A / D converter. The sampling rate for recording a measured value from an optical scattered light signal originating from a photosensor is preferably in the range of 1 Hz to 4 Hz.

[0039] The measured values ​​for a temperature to be recorded in the vicinity of a fire detector typically have a bit width in the range of 8 bits to 14 bits. With a 14-bit resolution, a recorded measured value covers a value range of 2 to the power of 14 = 16384. A measured value can therefore assume numerical values ​​from 0 to 16383 counts. The sampling rate for recording a measured value from an analog temperature signal originating from an NTC as a temperature sensor is preferably in the range of 0.1 Hz to 1 Hz.

[0040] The measured value for a carbon monoxide (CO) concentration to be detected typically has a bit width in the range of 8 bits to 10 bits. The sampling rate for acquiring a measured value from a CO concentration originating from a CO gas sensor is preferably in the range of 0.5 Hz to 2 Hz.

[0041] For example, if two optical scattered light signals with 14 bit resolution, a temperature signal with 10 bit resolution and a CO measurement signal with 10 bit resolution are recorded in a fire detector with a sampling rate of 1 Hz, the average data transmission rate for storing the corresponding digital measured values ​​is = 2 x 14 bit + 10 bit + 10 bit = 48 bits per second = 48 bits / s.

[0042] In the fire alarm system used by the applicant, the time duration for one transmission frame is 250 ms. If, for example, 200 fire detectors or other alarm devices are operated on a common detector line, the time duration of one circulation cycle is 200 x 250 ms = 50 seconds. This means that a fire detector only has one data transmission block allocated to it every 50 seconds for data transmission between the fire detector and the fire alarm control panel, provided that such a data transmission block can be released by the fire alarm control panel due to other possibly priority data traffic. If such a data transmission block makes 32 bits available every 50 seconds, for example, this corresponds to an average data transmission rate of 32 bits - e 50 seconds = 0.64 bits / s.A real-time transmission of the recorded four-channel measured values ​​(in this example) from a fire detector to the fire alarm control panel is therefore not possible at all. This is especially not the case if the number of devices operating on a common detector line, such as fire detectors, other alarm devices such as alarm flashing lights, as well as I / O units, manual call points, and isolators, is at least 10, in particular at least 25, and preferably at least 50.

[0043] It is not the objective of the present invention to improve the "fire vs. no fire" decision by transmitting measured values ​​or raw data to the cloud in real time and automatically evaluating them using a more sophisticated algorithm with greater computing resources to trigger a fire alarm if necessary. This is not possible due to the limited transmission bandwidth of a wired fire alarm system with the large number of fire detectors connected to it.

[0044] For this purpose, the event data records recorded in the fire detectors due to a fire parameter limit being exceeded as an indication of a possible fire event are transmitted in the background, i.e. subordinately and in portions, to the fire alarm control center and collected there in a database. If the database is stored in a so-called "cloud", for example, the computing power available there and the complex analysis tools based on artificial intelligence and deep learning make it possible to obtain detailed insights into the origin and development of the fire, as well as the differentiation of interference variables such as dust and water vapor. This knowledge can, in turn, be used advantageously to improve the fire detection algorithms in the fire detectors on site.

[0045] According to an advantageous variant of the method, the header data comprises, as data fields, file organization data and / or a detector identification and / or a recording time. Alternatively or additionally, the header data can comprise, as data fields, a recording format or a detector type. The header data can further, alternatively or additionally, comprise, as a data field, additional detector-side information relating to a detector event. A detector event can be an alarm level generated independently by the respective fire detector, a fire alarm, or a pre-alarm.

[0046] The header data can also be referred to as a "header" and structures the recorded data to be transmitted in a respective event data record. The file organization data can include the storage capacity or the file size of an event data record. Furthermore, the file organization data can include a table in the form of a "FAT" (File Allocation Table), which references consecutive data blocks of an event data record that are to be transmitted at different times.

[0047] The header data can also include a detector identifier, such as a so-called detector ID, a current bus address, or a fire detector serial number. This allows a recorded event data record to be uniquely assigned to a fire detector on the detector line.

[0048] The recording time can, for example, include the start time in the sense of a timestamp, the end time and / or the duration of an event data record. The start time can, for example, come from a real-time clock integrated in the fire detector and includes in particular the date and the current time of a recorded event data record. The start time can alternatively be determined from a real time, preferably transmitted regularly from the fire alarm control panel via the detector line, which synchronizes an internal detector clock, e.g. in the form of a counter. The start time can alternatively also be a time relative to a reference time. The reference time can, for example, be related to a specified date and time, such as 01 / 01 / 2020 / 00:00 or to the date and time when a fire detector was put into operation.

[0049] The recording format can, for example, contain a number of recorded measured value data streams, such as 3 in the case of recorded smoke density, temperature, and CO concentration. The recording format can further include the sampling rate and / or the measured value range of the respective recorded measured value data streams. Alternatively or additionally, the recording format with the respective recording parameters, such as the number of measured value data streams, sampling rate, etc., can already be assigned to a detector type, on the basis of which the fire alarm control panel receiving a respective event data record can then perform the evaluation.

[0050] Alternatively or additionally, the header data of an event data record can also include additional detector-side information about a detector event. Such a detector event can, for example, be an alarm level generated independently by the fire detector, such as a fire alarm or a so-called pre-alarm.

[0051] By enriching a recorded event data record with the time of recording (date and time), with the detector identification or bus address of the fire detector as well as with the presence of a fire alarm or pre-alarm detected by the fire detector, a more precise analysis is later possible as to whether it was an actual fire or fire alarm or a false alarm, in temporal coincidence with any other event data records received from other fire detectors.

[0052] “Time coincidence” means that the fire alarms issued by a fire detector and by other fire detectors and manually triggered call points adjacent to the fire location in question occurred within a period of 10 minutes, in particular 5 minutes.

[0053] According to another variant of the method, data transmission between a fire detector and the fire alarm control panel occurs in cyclical cycles with sequential transmission frames for each fire detector. Each transmission frame contains a data transmission block, which can be released by the fire alarm control panel, for data transmission from the respective fire detector to the fire alarm control panel. A data transmission block comprises, in particular, a data volume in a range of only 8 bits to 96 bits.

[0054] The duration of a transmission cycle depends essentially on the number of fire detectors operated on a detector line, as well as any additional manual alarm devices and visual and acoustic alarm devices. In the fire alarm system used by the applicant, the duration of a transmission frame is 250 ms. For example, if 200 of the aforementioned detectors and alarm devices are operated on a common detector line, the duration of a transmission cycle is 200 x 250 ms = 50 seconds.

[0055] The term "the data transmission block that can be released by the fire alarm control panel in a transmission frame" means that a connected fire alarm control panel is requested, in response to a specific request from a respective fire detector, to provide transmission time for a data transmission block in this or one of the subsequent transmission frames - if possible - i.e., provided that the requested transmission time is not currently required by other, more important transmission services in the fire alarm system. A specific request from a fire detector to the fire alarm control panel can, for example, be made after a respective fire detector has completed the complete recording of an event data record.

[0056] To accelerate the transmission of a completed complete event data record, the targeted request to provide one data frame within the transmission frame assigned to the respective fire detector per circulation cycle may include the request to provide additional data frames in other transmission frames per circulation cycle, such as the request to provide two to ten data frames per circulation cycle.

[0057] According to a further variant of the method, the maximum data transmission rate is 10 kbit / s, in particular 2 kbit / s, preferably 1 kbit / s. This comparatively low data transmission rate is, as described above, due to the indeterminate condition of the installed electrical detector cable with the large number of detectors and alarm devices that can be connected to it, coupled with the lowest possible electrical supply power. The stated data transmission rate is, in particular, a net data transmission rate. Frequently, up to 75% of the available transmission time is used (exclusively) for energy transmission for the electrical supply of the connected fire detectors and alarm devices.

[0058] According to a further variant of the method, the measured values ​​of at least one fire parameter are recorded at a higher sampling rate and saved in the data memory of the respective fire detector if one of the respectively specified first limit values ​​has been exceeded. This advantageously allows a possibly impending fire event to be recorded with a higher temporal resolution and later analyzed in more detail. The measured values ​​can, for example, be recorded with double or quadruple the temporal resolution, for example with a sampling frequency of 1 Hz or 2 Hz in the event that a measured value is sampled with a sampling frequency of 0.5 Hz during normal operation of a fire detector.

[0059] According to a further variant of the method, each event data record received by the fire alarm control panel, in particular its header data, is expanded by at least one additional information item from the control panel that is recorded by the fire alarm control panel and can be temporally assigned to the respective event data record. Additional information from the control panel includes a system time of the fire alarm control panel and / or a fire alarm recorded by the control panel and / or an alarm level recorded by the control panel and / or a manual call point alarm and / or a user input regarding the presence of an actual fire or a false alarm.The event data record thus extended is stored in a database of the fire alarm control panel or in a database of a cloud infrastructure that is connected to the fire alarm control panel for further possible, if necessary partially automated, evaluation of the extended event data records by a user for the presence of an actual fire.

[0060] The system time can come from a real-time clock in the fire alarm control panel. Alternatively, it can come from a real-time clock accessible via data transmission. The latter can, for example, be synchronized with an atomic clock via an active Internet connection.

[0061] Of particular interest here is when the fire alarm control panel receives further fire alarms at roughly the same time from fire detectors or manual call points in close proximity to one another via the detector line, at the same time as an event data record received from a fire detector, particularly by evaluating the time of recording (start time). In this case, it can be assumed with a higher degree of probability that this is an actual fire alarm and not a false alarm. If a fire alarm control panel receives an event data record from adjacent fire detectors, particularly on a detector line, with roughly the same recording time, it can be assumed that this is an actual fire event.By «temporal coincidence» we mean that the recording times of the individual event data records are within a time window of 10 minutes, in particular of 5 minutes and preferably within 3 minutes.

[0062] If the presence of an actual fire or a false alarm has been manually acknowledged at the fire alarm control panel, this user input is particularly meaningful and valuable as additional information at the control panel during a later analysis of an event data record.

[0063] According to a further advantageous variant of the method, the continuous recording of the measured values ​​of at least one fire parameter in the respective fire detector is terminated,

[0064] - when a specified recording time, such as in a range of 30 seconds to 15 minutes, is reached for a respective event data record, or

[0065] - if the free storage volume of the data storage is exhausted, or

[0066] - if a fire alarm or alarm level is generated by the respective fire detector, or

[0067] - if a specified second limit value is exceeded which is greater than the assigned first limit value, or

[0068] - if the respective first limit value is again undercut, or

[0069] - when the respective fire detector receives a STOP command from the common detector line to terminate continuous detection. If a second predefined limit is exceeded, it can be assumed that a fire has actually occurred. Recorded fire parameters with such high measured values ​​then no longer provide any significant additional information for subsequent analysis.

[0070] According to a further variant of the process, each event data record created is first stored sequentially in a buffer memory organized in the data memory of the respective fire detector. The event data records stored in the buffer memory of the respective fire detector are then transmitted sequentially from the respective fire detector to the fire alarm control panel in the released transmission time blocks. This allows possible fire events that occur in close succession or further fire developments, such as a reignition after a fire was supposedly extinguished, to be stored, even if a previously recorded event data record could not yet be completely transmitted to the fire alarm control panel.

[0071] According to a further variant of the method, after saving an event data record in the buffer memory of a respective fire detector, measured values ​​are again continuously recorded and saved if at least one respective measured value again exceeds the respective specified first limit value as an indication of a possible fire event.

[0072] According to a further variant of the method, the measured values ​​of the at least one fire parameter are continuously recorded by the respective fire detector and stored in a ring buffer memory organized in the data memory of the respective fire detector with a predeterminable circulation time. The measured values ​​stored in the ring buffer memory are then saved as historical measured values, i.e. as chronologically leading measured values, in the data memory of the respective fire detector if at least one respective measured value of the at least one fire parameter exceeds a respectively predetermined first limit value as an indication of a possible fire event. In addition, the measured values ​​of the at least one fire parameter are further continuously recorded and stored by the respective fire detector, in particular further continuously and seamlessly.Finally, the respective event data record is created from the saved historical measured values, from the continuously recorded measured values ​​stored in the ring buffer memory and from the header data.

[0073] This offers the significant advantage that the period prior to the triggering fire or false alarm is also available as a kind of history for later measurement analysis. The ring buffer memory can be configured to store the recorded measured values ​​for a previous period ranging from 30 seconds to 15 minutes. The oldest measured values ​​are then overwritten by the most recently recorded measured values.

[0074] According to another variant of the method, the measured values ​​of at least one fire parameter are advantageously reduced in their data volume using a lossless or slightly lossy data reduction method. "Slightly" means that a data-reduced measured value differs in magnitude by a maximum of 5 percent, in particular by a maximum of 3 percent, from the magnitude of an actual measured value.

[0075] In the case of lossless data reduction methods, entropy coding is preferably used, such as entropy coding using a Hufman code or arithmetic coding. In the case of lossy data reduction methods, a reduction in resolution when recording one of the fire parameters is possible. In this case, the number of bits used to represent a measured value is reduced, for example from 12 bits to 10 bits or from 10 bits to 8 bits. Alternatively or additionally, the sampling rate can be reduced when recording one of the fire parameters, for example from 2 Hz to 1 Hz, from 1 Hz to 0.5 Hz or from 1 Hz to 0.1 Hz.

[0076] The problem is solved for the fire detector by the features of the independent device claim. Advantageous embodiments of the fire detector are specified in the dependent claims.

[0077] To avoid repetition, reference is made to the explanations and supplements in the respective previous corresponding process variants for the fire detector described below and the respective subsequent embodiments of the fire detector. The disclosure content of these also applies to the disclosure content of the following fire detector and its embodiments.

[0078] According to the invention, the fire detector is designed for operation on a common detector line with a fire alarm control panel for supplying the fire detector with electrical power, for issuing a fire alarm when a fire is detected, and for transmitting data to the fire alarm control panel. The control unit is designed to create an event data record from the measured values ​​recorded in the data memory of the fire detector together with header data. The control unit is further designed to transmit the event data record to the fire alarm control panel, in particular subordinately, at a time-distributed rate, via data transmission blocks released by the fire alarm control panel.

[0079] In particular, the control unit of the fire detector is configured to issue a request for the provision of one data transmission block within the transmission frame assigned to the respective fire detector per circulation cycle to the connected detector line, i.e. to the fire alarm control panel, after completion of an event data record in the data memory of the fire detector. Furthermore, the control unit can be configured to issue, together with the request, a request for the provision of further data transmission blocks in remaining other transmission frames per circulation cycle to the connected detector line, i.e. to the fire alarm control panel, such as the request for the provision of two to ten data transmission blocks per circulation cycle.

[0080] The (electronic) control unit is preferably a microcontroller, which is usually present or required for the entire control of a fire detector "anyway". The microcontroller can also have one or more integrated A / D converters for the metrological recording of the previously described fire parameters such as smoke density, temperature or CO or CO2 concentration. It can also have analogue and / or digital input and output units (I / O) as well as communication interfaces for issuing a fire alarm. In the microcontroller, the first and second limit values ​​for the respective fire parameter can be stored in a non-volatile memory (EPROM) of the microcontroller or in a data memory of the detector. In addition, control units such as e.g.for the light transmitters (LED) and / or electronic components for the signal conditioning or signal processing of the aforementioned fire parameters must already be integrated in the microcontroller.

[0081] According to one embodiment, the fire detector is configured to store a respective event data record at an average storage data rate DRM in the data memory of the fire detector, wherein the average data transmission rate DRZ between the fire detector and the fire alarm control panel is, in particular, many times lower than the average storage data rate DRM. In other words, the storage data rate required when storing an event data record is far too high to even be able to transmit the measured value data stream generated in a fire detector "online" to the fire alarm control panel.

[0082] According to one embodiment of the fire detector, the header data includes file organization data and / or a detector ID and / or a recording time. Alternatively or additionally, the header data may include a recording format or a recording type. Optionally, the header data may include additional detector-side information regarding a detector event, where a detector event is an alarm level generated independently by the respective fire detector, a fire alarm, or a pre-alarm.

[0083] According to a further embodiment, the control unit is configured to transmit the event data record to the fire alarm control panel over several time-distributed data transmission blocks, which are assigned to the fire detector and released by the fire alarm control panel. A data transmission block comprises, in particular, a data volume in a range of 8 bits to 96 bits.

[0084] According to one embodiment, the control unit is configured to record the measured values ​​of the at least one fire characteristic after one of the respectively predetermined first limit values ​​has been exceeded at a higher, in particular double or quadruple, sampling rate.

[0085] According to a further embodiment, the control unit is designed to terminate the continuous recording of the measured values ​​of at least one fire parameter in the fire detector,

[0086] - if a specified recording time for the event data record is reached, or

[0087] - if the free storage volume of the data storage is exhausted, or

[0088] - if a fire alarm or alarm level is generated by the control unit, or

[0089] - if the respective specified second limit value is exceeded, which is greater than the assigned respective first limit value, or

[0090] - if the respective specified first limit value is again undershot, or if the control unit receives a STOP command from the common detector line to end the continuous detection.

[0091] According to one embodiment, the fire detector has a buffer memory organized in the data memory of the fire detector. The control unit is configured to initially buffer each generated event data record one after the other in the buffer memory. The control unit is further configured to then transmit the buffered event data records one after the other in the released data transmission blocks to the fire alarm control panel.

[0092] According to a further embodiment, the fire detector has a ring buffer memory organized in the data memory of the fire detector with a predeterminable circulation time. The control unit is configured to continuously record the measured values ​​of the at least one fire parameter and to store them in the ring buffer memory and to save the measured values ​​stored in the ring buffer memory as historical measured values, i.e. as chronologically leading measured values, if a currently recorded measured value of the at least one fire parameter exceeds a respectively predefined first limit value. Furthermore, the control unit is configured to continue recording the measured values ​​of the at least one fire parameter continuously, in particular seamlessly, and then to store them.Ultimately, the control unit is designed to create the event data record from the saved historical measured values, from the continuously recorded and stored measured values ​​together with the header data.

[0093] According to one embodiment, the control unit of the fire detector is configured to reduce the data volume of the stored measured values ​​of at least one fire parameter by means of a computer program executed on the control unit for performing a loss-free or slightly lossy data reduction process. The object of the invention is further achieved by a fire alarm control panel having the features of the associated device claim. Advantageous embodiments of the fire alarm control panel are specified in the dependent claims.

[0094] According to the invention, the fire alarm control panel is set up for operation on a common detector line with a plurality of fire detectors according to the invention and, if necessary, with further fire detectors, alarm devices and / or manual call points. The fire alarm control panel comprises a (second) control unit which is set up or programmed to receive an event data record via the detector line from the respective fire detectors in several time-distributed data transmission blocks and to assemble the respective event data record piece by piece or step by step into the respective event data record by evaluating its header data, in particular by evaluating its file organization data, and to store it in a database. Such a fire alarm control panel can also be referred to as a control center or a panel.The control unit of the fire alarm control panel is preferably an electronic processor-based control unit on which a suitable software program is executed.

[0095] The term «data transmission block that can be released by the fire alarm control panel in a transmission frame» means that a connected fire alarm control panel is requested, in response to a specific request from a respective fire detector, to provide transmission time for a data transmission block in this or one of the following transmission frames - if possible - i.e. provided that the requested transmission time is not currently required by other, more important transmission services in the fire alarm system.

[0096] In particular, the control unit of the fire alarm control panel is designed to release, after receiving a request to provide a data transmission block within the transmission frame assigned to the respective fire detector, transmission time for a data transmission block in this or from one of the subsequent transmission frames - if possible - per circulation cycle.

[0097] Furthermore, the control unit of the fire alarm control panel can be configured to release, if possible, further transmission time in data transmission blocks in other remaining transmission frames per circulation cycle after receiving the request together with a request to provide further data transmission blocks in other remaining transmission frames.

[0098] According to one embodiment, the control unit of the fire alarm control panel is configured or programmed to expand a respective composite event data record, in particular its header data, by at least one central-side additional information recorded by the fire alarm control panel and chronologically assignable to the respective event data record, and to store this information in the database as an expanded event data record. In this case, central-side additional information comprises a system time of the fire alarm control panel and / or a fire alarm recorded by the central panel and / or an alarm level recorded by the central panel and / or a manual fire alarm and / or a user input regarding the presence of an actual fire or a false alarm.

[0099] To avoid repetition, with regard to the fire alarm control panel according to the invention and its embodiments, reference is made to the explanations and additions in the respective previous corresponding method variants as well as in the device claims directed to a fire detector, to which the fire alarm control panel in question refers. The disclosure content of these also applies to the disclosure content of the preceding embodiments. According to one embodiment, the control unit of the fire alarm control panel is configured or programmed to store a respective event data record or a respective extended event data record in a database of the fire alarm control panel.

[0100] According to another embodiment of the fire alarm control panel, the control unit of the fire alarm control panel is configured to store a respective event data record or a respective extended event data record in a database of a cloud infrastructure that is data-linked to the fire alarm control panel. This allows the event data records stored there to be further processed using cloud-based, complex, and computationally intensive analysis tools, independent of the actual monitoring function of the fire alarm control panel. For this purpose, the fire alarm control panel can be data-linked to the cloud infrastructure via a wired (e.g., LAN) or wireless internet interface (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, WLAN).

[0101] Finally, the object of the invention is achieved by a fire alarm system which comprises a fire alarm control panel according to the invention, at least one detector line connected to the fire alarm control panel, each with a plurality of fire detectors according to the invention connected to it and, if appropriate, with further fire detectors, alarm devices and / or manual fire call points connected to it. The fire alarm system can have a detector line, typically in the form of a two-wire line. Such a detector line can be several hundred meters to a few kilometers long, for example in a range of 100 m to 3300 m. Furthermore, such a detector line can have several stub lines. In this case, a total of up to 250 fire detectors as well as optical and acoustic alarm devices and manual fire call points can be connected along such a detector line.The above-described properties, features, and advantages of this invention, as well as the manner in which they are achieved, will become clearer and more readily understood in connection with the following description of the embodiments, which are explained in more detail in conjunction with the drawings, in which:

[0102] FIG 1 - 3 exemplary courses of various fire parameters in the event of a fire,

[0103] FIG 4 shows an example of distributed event data records transmitted from fire detectors to a higher-level fire alarm control center according to the invention,

[0104] FIG 5 shows an exemplary data structure of an event data record according to the invention,

[0105] FIG 6 shows an exemplary data structure of an extended event data record according to the invention, and

[0106] FIG 7 an example of a cloud infrastructure in data connection with a fire alarm control panel and with a computer (tablet) for subsequent user-side evaluation of event data records.

[0107] FIG 1 shows an example of the course of various fire parameters OPT, TEMP, CO, i.e. a smoke density OPT, a temperature TEMP and a CO concentration, during a fire event. The corresponding measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO are plotted against time t in the form of “counts”. OG, TG, CG denote first limit values ​​and OG2, TG2 and CG2 denote second limit values ​​of the measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO. It can be seen how the smoke density OPT, the temperature TEMP and the CO concentration CO increase over time. At time t1 one of the fire parameters, in this case the smoke density OPT, is the first to exceed its respective first limit value OG. From this time t1 onwards, according to the invention the corresponding measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO are recorded, here as an example for all three “measurement channels” shown.At times tu and ti2, the temperature TEMP and the CO concentration CO exceed their respective first limit values ​​TG, CG, with, for example, the same count value. At time t2, according to the invention, the recording of measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO is terminated after a predetermined time period T has elapsed.

[0108] FIG. 2 shows another exemplary curve of a smoke density OPT, a temperature TEMP, and a CO concentration CO during a fire event. In this case, according to the invention, the recording of measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO is terminated after a second limit value OG2 is exceeded by a measured value MO at time t2.

[0109] FIG 3 shows a further example of the course of a smoke density OPT, a temperature TEMP and a CO concentration CO during a fire event. In this case, the associated measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO are continuously recorded in a ring buffer memory with a circulation time UZ. At time t1, one of the fire parameters, here again the smoke density OPT, is the first to exceed its respective first limit value OG. According to the invention, the measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO already recorded in the ring buffer memory are temporarily stored as historical measured values ​​HIST and thus saved, and the associated measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO are continuously recorded seamlessly, i.e. without interruption. At time t2, according to the invention, the recording of the measured values ​​MOP, MT, MCO is ended after a time period T upon receipt of a fire alarm DL3 detected by the fire detector.The historical measured values ​​HIST previously saved from the ring buffer memory as well as the measured values ​​RAW; MOP, MT, MCO subsequently recorded for a period of time T now form, together with the preceding header data, an event data record according to the invention. FIG. 4 shows an example of distributed transmitted event data records RECl-RECn from fire detectors 2 to a higher-level fire alarm control center 1 according to the invention. The fire detectors 2 shown in the left-hand part of FIG. 4 each have an electronic data memory DS. A first part of the data memory DS is a RAM memory RAM organized as a ring buffer memory RING. According to the invention, this serves for the data backup of measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO of a possible later event data record REG.

[0110] Next to each other, a second part of the data memory DS is shown in the form of a non-volatile FLASH memory FLASH. According to a further aspect of the invention, this serves as a buffer memory BUF, in particular as a FIFO buffer memory («FIFO» for First In - First Out). The event data records REG completed in the first data memory RAM from the measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO are then transferred to the buffer memory BUF and temporarily stored there. According to the invention, the event data records RECl-RECn in the buffer memory BUF are then transferred by means of a control unit (not shown) of the fire detector 2 in a time-distributed manner, in particular subordinately, via a common detector line ML to the fire alarm control panel 1 shown in the middle part of FIG. 4.According to a further aspect of the invention, an average data transmission rate between the fire detectors 2 and the fire alarm control panel 1 is in particular many times smaller than an average storage data rate for storing the event data record REC in the data memory DS, RAM.

[0111] The fire alarm control panel 1 shown in the middle part of FIG 4 has a control unit (not shown in detail) which is set up or programmed to receive an event data record REC1 - RECn from the respective fire detectors 2 in several time-distributed data transmission blocks. In addition, the control unit is set up or programmed to then assemble the respective event data record REC1 - RECn piece by piece into the respective event data record REC1 - RECn by evaluating its header data, in particular by evaluating its file organization data, and to store it in a database DB. According to the present example, the database DB can either be stored in the fire alarm control panel 1 itself or it can be stored in a cloud infrastructure CLOUD that is data-technically linked to the fire alarm control panel 1.Furthermore, the fire alarm control panel 1 can be set up to extend the respective received event data records REC1 - RECn by means of information from the control panel, such as a system time ZTIME of the fire alarm control panel 1, by means of a user-side input Y / N via, for example, two acknowledgment buttons NO, YES on the fire alarm control panel 1 or by means of a manual fire alarm MCP received at the same time from a manual fire detector 3.

[0112] The right-hand part of FIG 4 depicts a cloud infrastructure (CLOUD), symbolized by a cloud. In addition to the previously described database (DB) containing the received event data records (REC) or extended event data records (REC+), this includes a cloud application (CSA) running in the "cloud" (CLOUD). This cloud application (CSA) is designed to perform more detailed analyses of the received event data records (REC, REC+), e.g., based on deep learning or artificial intelligence methods, at least partially automatically, in order to obtain improved information about the origin of an actual fire or a false alarm.

[0113] FIG. 5 shows an exemplary data structure of an event data record REC according to the invention. The event data record REC shown is composed of a header data section HEADER, referred to in technical terms as a "header," and a measured value section MO, MT, MCO. The header data HEADER serves to structure the event data record REC shown. In particular, the file organization data FILE structures the respective beginning of the successive blocks with individual measured values ​​MOPi, MOP2, MOP recorded as examples in the measured value section MO, MT, MCO. X for the smoke density OPT , with individual measured values ​​MTi, MT2 , MT X for the temperature TEMP as well as with individual measured values ​​MCOi, MCO2 , ..., MCO Xfor the CO concentration. The following detector identification ID is used to uniquely assign the recorded event data record REC to a fire detector on the detector line ML. This is followed by a recording time TIME of the event data record REC with the date and start time in the sense of a timestamp as well as the end time of the recording. This is followed by further data on the recording format AF or the detector type. The recording format AF shows, for example, the number of measuring channels or measured value data streams with recorded measured values, their type (scattered light signal, temperature signal, CO concentration signal) as well as the respective sampling rate and / or measured value range of the recorded measuring channels or measured value data streams. Finally, as additional information on the detector side, there is an alarm level DL generated independently of the fire detector, i.e. whether a fire alarm has been detected by the fire detector in question or not.In the simplest case, this is a bit in the header data HEADER .

[0114] FIG 6 shows an exemplary data structure of an extended event data record REC+ according to the invention. In comparison to the previous FIG 5, the original header data HEADER in an event data record REC transmitted from the fire detector to the fire alarm control panel is extended by additional information ZI from the control panel. This additional information ZI is extended or enriched by the fire alarm control panel itself after receipt of the event data record REC. The additional information ZI includes, for example, a current system time ZTIME of the fire alarm control panel, information about whether and which manual call point on the common detector line has triggered a fire alarm MCP in temporal coincidence with the received event data record REC.The additional information ZI also includes a fire alarm ZAL recorded by the control panel from other (automatic) fire detectors on the common detector line, also at the same time as the received event data record REC. Finally, the additional information ZI includes a user-side input Y / N by pressing an acknowledgement button on the fire alarm control panel itself, indicating whether it was an actual fire alarm or a false alarm.

[0115] Finally, FIG 7 shows an example of a cloud infrastructure CLOUD, each in a data connection with a fire alarm control panel 1 and with a computer 3 (tablet) for subsequent user-side evaluation of event data records REC, REC+. Several fire detectors 2 and a manual fire call point 3 are connected to a fire alarm control panel 1 on a common detector line ML. The fire detectors 2 shown each have a fire sensor BS with, for example, an optical measuring chamber, a temperature sensor or a CO sensor. The measured values ​​recorded according to the invention can be stored in a respective data memory DS of a fire detector 2. The fire alarm control panel 1 is set up to receive preferably addressed fire alarms AL, pre-alarms DL or manual fire alarms MCP arriving from the detector line ML.In addition, the fire alarm control panel 1 is configured to receive event data records REC transmitted in portions from the fire detectors 2 and, once the transmission is complete, to store them in a database DB in the fire alarm control panel 1 and / or, preferably, to store them via an Internet connection IP in a database DB of a cloud infrastructure CLOUD that is data-technically linked to the fire alarm control panel 1. The event data records REC stored in the respective database DB may also have already been expanded by the fire alarm control panel 1 to include additional information ZI on the control panel side for expanded event data records REC+.

[0116] In the lower part of FIG 7, a computer-based device 4, such as a tablet shown, is connected to the cloud infrastructure CLOUD via a further internet connection IP, in particular controlled via an appropriately programmed cloud application CSA of the cloud infrastructure CLOUD. The cloud application CSA has data-related read / write access to the event data records REC or extended event data records REC+ stored in the database DB in the cloud infrastructure CLOUD. An application APP is executed on the computer-based device 4 shown, which application enables a user to load selected event data records REC or extended event data records REC+ and to display them on a display HMI of the computer-based device 4. In the simplest case, an experienced user can make their own assessment of the event data records REC, REC+ shown to them. A user can e.g.In a further reserved field in the header data HEADER, entries can be made about whether it was an actual fire alarm or not. In addition, further evaluations or comments can be entered, for example, in a reserved comment field in the header data HEADER. The modified event data records REC or extended event data records REC+ can then be updated in the database DB after the evaluation is complete.

[0117] In summary, the invention relates to a method for recording measured values ​​MO, MT, MCO for significant fire parameters OPT, TEMP, CO detected by a fire detector 2, wherein, if a measured value exceeds a limit value OG, TG, COG as a fire event indicator, the measured values ​​are temporarily stored as a recording in a data memory DS of the fire detector, wherein, after recording, a data structure in the form of an event data record REC is formed therefrom together with header data HEADER, and wherein an event data record is transmitted from the fire detector to the fire alarm control center in a time-distributed manner and subordinately across several data transmission blocks released by a fire alarm control center 1. The invention also relates to a fire detector, a fire alarm control center, and a fire alarm system. List of reference symbols

[0118] 1 fire alarm control panel, panel, BMZ

[0119] 2 fire detectors, smoke detectors

[0120] 3 manual call points, MCP

[0121] 4 Computer, PC, mobile communication device, smartphone, tablet

[0122] AF recording format

[0123] AL fire alarm, main alarm

[0124] APP application

[0125] BS fire sensor, optical fire sensor, smoke gas sensor

[0126] BUF buffer storage

[0127] CLOUD Cloud infrastructure

[0128] CO CO concentration, fire characteristic

[0129] CSA Cloud Service Application

[0130] DB database

[0131] DL Alert Level, Danger Level

[0132] DL3 fire alarm, fire alarm level

[0133] DS data storage, RAM, FLASH memory

[0134] FILE File organization data

[0135] FLASH Flash memory

[0136] HEADER header data, header

[0137] HEADER+ extended header data, extended header

[0138] HIST historical measured values

[0139] HMI human-machine interface, touchscreen

[0140] ID detector identification, detector type

[0141] IP communication connection, IP connection

[0142] MC fire gas concentration measurement value,

[0143] CO concentration value

[0144] MOPi - MOPx individual measured values ​​for smoke concentration

[0145] MTi - MT Y Individual measured values ​​for temperature

[0146] MCOi - MCO Z Individual measured values ​​for CO concentration

[0147] MCP manual fire alarm

[0148] ML detector line, detector bus

[0149] MO smoke concentration measurement value

[0150] MT temperature measurement

[0151] NO Enter key / softkey for no decision OG, TG, CG first limit value

[0152] 0G2 , TG2 , CG2 second limit

[0153] OPT smoke concentration, fire characteristic

[0154] RAM RAM memory

[0155] REG, event data record, data structure, container

[0156] REC1 - RECn file

[0157] REC+ extended event data record, data structure, extended container file,

[0158] RING ring buffer storage

[0159] T Recording time t Time axis to, tl, t2 , Time points tu , 112 TEMP Temperature, temperature measurement signal , Fire characteristic

[0160] TIME Recording time

[0161] TYPE Detector type

[0162] UZ circulation duration

[0163] YES Enter key / softkey for yes decision

[0164] Y / N user input

[0165] ZAL central fire alarm

[0166] ZI central additional information

[0167] ZTIME central time, system time

Claims

Patent claims 1. Method for recording measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO), in particular raw measured values, for at least one significant fire characteristic (OPT, TEMP, CO) indicating a possible fire event and detected by a fire detector (2), wherein a fire alarm control panel (1) is connected to a plurality of such fire detectors (2) via a common detector line (ML) for the power supply of the fire detectors (2) and for data transmission with the fire detectors (2), - wherein, if the current measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of at least one fire characteristic parameter (OPT, TEMP, CO) exceeds a predefined first limit value (OG, TG, COG) as an indication of a possible fire event, the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) are temporarily stored as a recording in a data storage device (DS) of the respective fire detector (2), - whereby, after recording, an event data record (REC) is formed from the respective measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) together with header data (HEADER), and - wherein an event data record (REC) is transmitted from the respective fire detector (2) to the fire alarm control panel (1), in particular as a secondary measure, distributed over time and across several data transmission blocks (DAT) released by the fire alarm control panel (1).

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein an average data transmission rate DRZ between a fire detector (2) and the fire alarm control panel (1) is in particular many times smaller than an average storage data rate DRM for storing an event data record (REC) in the respective fire detector (2).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the header data (HEADER) comprises file organization data (FILE) and / or a detector identification (ID) and / or a recording time (TIME) and / or a recording format (AF) or a detector type (TYPE), and optionally detector-side additional information (DL, AL) for a detector event, wherein a detector event an alarm level (DL) generated independently of the respective fire detector (2), a fire alarm (AL) or a pre-alarm.

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the data transmission between a fire detector (2) and the fire alarm control panel (1) takes place in cycles (CYC) with sequentially successive transmission frames (FRAME) for each fire detector (2), wherein in each transmission frame (FRAME) a ​​data transmission block (DAT) that can be released by the fire alarm control panel (1) is provided for data transmission from the respective fire detector (2) to the fire alarm control panel (1), and wherein a data transmission block (DAT) comprises a data set in a range of 8 bits to 96 bits.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the maximum data transmission rate DRZ is 10 kBit / s, in particular 2 kBit / s, preferably 1 kBit / s.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic parameter (OPT, TEMP, CO) are recorded at a higher sampling rate and stored in the data storage (DS) of the respective fire detector (2) when one of the respective specified first limit values ​​(OG, TG, COG) has been exceeded.

7. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a respective event data record (REG) received by the fire alarm control panel (1), in particular its header data (HEADER), is extended by at least one central-side additional information (ZI; ZTIME, ZAL, MCP, Y / N) recorded by the fire alarm control panel (1) and temporally assignable to the respective event data record (REG), wherein a central-side additional information (ZI) is a system time (ZTIME) of the fire alarm control panel (1) and / or a centrally recorded fire alarm (AL) and / or a centrally recorded alarm level (DL) and / or a manual call point alarm (MCP) and / or a user-side input (Y / N) regarding the existence of an actual event. actual fire or false alarm, wherein the event data record (REC+) so extended is stored in a database (DB) of the fire alarm control panel (1) or in a database (DB) is stored in a cloud infrastructure (CLOUD) connected to the fire alarm control panel (1) for further possible, possibly semi-automated evaluation of the extended event data records (REC+) by a user to determine whether an actual fire has occurred.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the continuous acquisition of the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic parameter (OPT, TEMP, CO) in the respective fire detector (2) is terminated, - when a predetermined recording time duration (T) is reached for a respective event data record (REC), or - when the free storage volume of the data storage (DS) is exhausted, or - if a fire alarm (AL) or an alarm level (DL) is generated by the respective fire detector (2), or - if a predefined second limit value (0G2, TG2, CG2) is exceeded, which is greater than the assigned respective first limit value (OG, TG, CG), or - if the respective first specified limit (OG, TG, CG) is again undershot, or - when a STOP command is received from the respective fire detector (2) from the common detector line (ML) to stop the continuous detection.

9. Method according to any of the preceding claims, - wherein each generated event data record (REC) is first stored successively in a buffer memory (BUF) organized in the data storage (2) of the respective fire detector (2), and - wherein the event data records (REC, REC1- RECn) stored in the buffer memory (BUF) of the respective fire detector (2) are then successively transferred to the released transmission- Time blocks are transmitted from the respective fire detector (2) to the fire alarm control panel (1).

10. Method according to claim 9, wherein after storing an event data record (REC) in the buffer memory (BUF) of a respective fire detector (2), measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) are again continuously recorded and stored if at least one respective measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) again exceeds the respective predetermined first limit value (OG, TG, CG) as an indication of a possible fire event.

11. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein - wherein the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of at least one fire characteristic parameter (OPT, TEMP, CO) are continuously recorded by the respective fire detector (2) and stored in a ring buffer memory (RING) organized in the data storage (DS) of the respective fire detector (2) with a predefinable cycle time (UZ), - wherein the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) stored in the ring buffer memory (RING) are electronically secured as historical measured values ​​(HIST) in the data storage (DS) of the respective fire detector (2) if at least one respective measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of which at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) exceeds a predefined first limit value (OG, TG, COG) as an indication of a possible fire event, - wherein the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of at least one fire characteristic parameter (OPT, TEMP, CO) are continuously, and in particular seamlessly, recorded and stored by the respective fire detector (2), and - where the respective event data record (REC) is then formed from the secured historical measurement values ​​(HIST), from the continuously recorded measurement values ​​stored in the ring buffer memory (RING) (MOP, MT, MCO) and from the header data (HEADER).

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic parameter (OPT, TEMP, CO) can be reduced in their data size using a lossless or a minimally lossy data reduction method.

13. Fire detector comprising at least one fire sensor (BS) for detecting a respective fire characteristic (OPT, TEMP, CO), a data storage device (DS), and a control unit connected thereto, wherein the control unit is configured to detect measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of at least one respective fire characteristic (OPT, TEMP, CO) and to issue a fire alarm (AL) in the event of a detected fire, and wherein the control unit is additionally configured to temporarily store the continuously detected measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of at least one respective fire characteristic (OPT, TEMP, CO) in the data storage device (DS) if at least one respective measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic (OPT, TEMP, CO) exceeds a predetermined first limit value (OG, TG, COG), characterized in that - that the fire detector (2) is set up for operation on a common detector line (ML) with a fire alarm control panel (1) for the electrical power supply of the fire detector (2), for the output of the fire alarm (AL) and for data transmission with the fire alarm control panel (1), and - that the control unit is configured to form an event data record (REC) from the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) recorded in the data storage (DS) of the fire detector (1) together with header data (HEADER) and to transmit the event data record (REC) to the fire alarm control panel (1) via data transmission blocks (DAT) released by the fire alarm control panel (1) in a time-distributed manner, in particular as a secondary measure.

14. Fire detector according to claim 13, wherein the fire detector (2) is configured to store a respective event data record (REC) with a mean storage data rate DRM in the data storage- rather (DS) of the fire detector (2) to store, whereby the average data transmission rate DRZ between the fire detector (2) and the fire alarm control panel (1) in particular is many times smaller than the average storage data rate DRM.

15. Fire detector according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the header data (HEADER) comprises file organization data (FILE) and / or a detector identification (ID) and / or a recording time (TIME) and / or a recording format (AF) or a detector type (TYPE), and optionally detector-side additional information (DL, AL) for a detector event, wherein a detector event is an alarm level (DL) generated independently by the fire detector (2), a fire alarm (AL), or a pre-alarm.

16. Fire detector according to one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the control unit is configured to transmit the event data record (REC) to the fire alarm control panel (1) via several time-distributed data transmission blocks (DAT) assigned and released to the fire detector (2) by the fire alarm control panel (1), and wherein a data transmission block (DAT) contains a data set in a range of It ranges from 8 bits to 96 bits.

17. Fire detector according to one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the control unit is configured to acquire the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic parameter (OPT, TEMP, CO) after one of the respective predetermined first limit values ​​(OG, TG, COG) has been exceeded with a higher, in particular with double or quadruple sampling rate.

18. Fire detector according to one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the control unit is configured to terminate the continuous acquisition of the measured values ​​(OP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) in the fire detector (2), - if a predetermined recording time (T) for the event data record (REC) is reached, or - if the free storage volume of the data storage (DS) is exhausted, or - if the control unit generates a fire alarm (AL) or an alarm level (DL), or - if the respective specified second limit value (0G2, TG2, CG2) is exceeded, which is greater than the assigned respective first limit value (OG, TG, CG), or - if the respective first limit value (OG, TG, CG) is again undershot, or - if the control unit receives a STOP command from the common detector line (ML) to stop continuous recording.

19. Fire detector according to one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the fire detector (2) has a buffer memory (BUF) organized in the data storage (2) of the fire detector (2), wherein the control unit is configured to first buffer each event data record (REC) formed successively in the buffer memory (BUF) and wherein the control unit is further configured to then transmit the buffered event data records (REC; RECl-RECn) successively in the released data transmission blocks (DAT) to the fire alarm control panel (1).

20. Fire detector according to one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the fire detector (2) has a ring buffer memory (RING) organized in the data storage (DS) of the fire detector (2) with a predefinable rotation time (UZ) and wherein the control unit is configured to - to continuously record the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of at least one fire characteristic parameter (OPT, TEMP, CO) and store them in the ring buffer storage (RING), - to save the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) stored in the ring buffer memory (RING) as historical measured values ​​(HIST) if a currently recorded measured value (MOP, MT, MCO) of at least one fire characteristic parameter (OPT, TEMP, CO) exceeds a predefined first limit value (OG, TG, COG), - to continuously record the measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of at least one fire characteristic parameter (OPT, TEMP, CO), in particular- particularly seamless, and to be stored in the ring buffer memory (RING), and - to form the event data record (REG) from the secured historical measurements (HIST), from the continuously recorded and stored measurements (MOP, MT, MCO) together with the header data (HEADER).

21. Fire detector according to one of claims 13 to 20, wherein the control unit of the fire detector (2) is configured to reduce the data volume of the stored measured values ​​(MOP, MT, MCO) of the at least one fire characteristic variable (OPT, TEMP, CO) by means of a computer program executed on the control unit to perform a lossless or a minimally lossy data reduction process.

22. Fire alarm control panel for operation on a common detector line (ML) with a plurality of fire detectors (2) according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 21 and optionally with further fire detectors, alarm devices and / or manual call points (3), wherein the fire alarm control panel (1) has a control unit which is configured to - to receive an event data record (REC) via the detector line (ML) from the respective fire detectors (2) in several time-distributed data transmission blocks (DAT), and - to assemble the respective event data record (REC) piece by piece into the respective event data record (REC) by evaluating its header data (HEADER), in particular by evaluating its file organization data (FILE), and to store it in a database (DB).

23. Fire alarm control panel according to claim 22, wherein the control unit of the fire alarm control panel (1) is configured to extend a respective composite event data record (REC), in particular its header data (HEADER), by at least one central-side additional information (ZI; ZTIME, ZAL, MCP, Y / N) recorded by the fire alarm control panel (1) and temporally assignable to the respective event data record (REC), and to store it as an extended event data record (REC+) in the to store in a database (DB), wherein a central-side additional information (ZI) includes a system time (ZTIME) of the fire alarm control panel (1) and / or a centrally recorded fire alarm (AL) and / or a centrally recorded alarm level and / or a manual fire alarm (MCP) and / or a user-side input about the presence of an actual fire or a false alarm.

24. Fire alarm control panel according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the control unit of the fire alarm control panel (1) is configured to store a respective event data record (REC) or a respective extended event data record (REC+) in a database (DB) of the fire alarm control panel (1).

25. Fire alarm control panel according to claim 22 or 24, wherein the control unit of the fire alarm control panel (1) is configured to store a respective event data record (REC) or a respective extended event data record (REC+) in a database (DB) of a cloud infrastructure (CLOUD) that is technically connected to the fire alarm control panel (1).

26. Fire alarm system with a fire alarm control panel (1) according to one of claims 22 to 25, with at least one detector line (ML) connected to the fire alarm control panel (1) with a plurality of fire detectors (2) connected thereto according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 21 and with optionally further fire detectors, alarm devices and / or manual call points (3) connected thereto.

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