Adsorption textile for adsorbing carbon dioxide, system, and use of a system of this type

Abstract

The invention relates to an adsorption textile (30) for adsorbing CO2, comprising at least one core layer (32), at least one thermally conductive layer (34), which is disposed on the at least one core layer (32), and at least one adsorber layer (36), which is disposed on the at least one thermally conductive layer (34). The at least one adsorber layer (36) is designed to absorb CO2 from the air and / or to desorb the same. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a textile of this kind, to a system comprising a textile of this type, and to the use of said system. The invention allows CO2 to be extracted ecologically and efficiently.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Adsorption textile for adsorbing carbon dioxide, system and use of such

[0003] The invention relates to an adsorption textile for adsorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) comprising a core layer, a heat-conducting layer and an adsorber layer, the production of such a textile, a system comprising such a textile, and the use of the textile for producing CO2.

[0004] The need to slow global climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions is urgent. Above all, the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations must be sustainably prevented. In addition to CO2 prevention and reduction, technologies for adsorbing CO2 from the ambient air are known. Direct air capture (DAC) is particularly suitable for reducing the proportion of CO2 in the atmosphere through "negative carbon emissions." The development of suitable adsorption materials should enable efficient and energetically viable CO2 capture.

[0005] One challenge is the development of efficient adsorption materials that exhibit high CC>2 adsorption capacity and require low energy for desorption. Thermal properties of the adsorption materials, in particular, represent an effective lever for the application of DAC technologies on an industrial scale.

[0006] US 2018 / 0214822 A1 describes a DAC process. Adsorption materials are known from US 2013 / 0095996 A1, US 2017 / 0239609 A1, and CN 104607073 B1. However, the solutions known from the state of the art are still unsatisfactory.

[0007] Classic adsorption materials are known, including, for example, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, amine-functionalized materials, and polymer-based adsorbers. The invention is based on the object of providing materials that are specifically tailored to the requirements of capturing carbon dioxide from atmospheric air, particularly direct air capture (DAC) technology, and that are capable of combining high adsorption capacity with economic advantages.

[0008] This problem is solved by the subject matter of the invention.

[0009] According to one aspect, an adsorption textile for adsorbing carbon dioxide is described, comprising: at least one core layer; at least one thermally conductive layer arranged on the at least one core layer; and at least one adsorber layer arranged on the at least one thermally conductive layer, wherein the at least one adsorber layer is designed to adsorb and / or desorb carbon dioxide from air.

[0010] In particular, the coating shortens the cooling and heating phases and results in lower energy requirements due to the good thermal conductivity compared to conventional state-of-the-art solutions.

[0011] A textile, in the context of the present invention, is preferably a flexible material produced by creating an interlocking bundle of yarns or threads produced by spinning raw fibers, either from natural or synthetic sources, into long and twisted lengths. Textiles are then formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, tatting, felting, gluing, or braiding these threads.

[0012] In the context of the present invention, the core layer serves as a carrier for the adsorption coating. However, non-metallic textile materials have insufficient thermal conductivity, requiring significantly more time and energy for heating and cooling. Both of these factors negatively impact the efficiency of the adsorption materials. Therefore, according to the invention, the adsorption textile has a thermally conductive coating.

[0013] Conventional adsorption materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, and polymers, exhibit relatively low thermal conductivity. This requires significantly more time and energy for heating and cooling. Both of these factors have a negative impact on the efficiency of the adsorption materials, particularly in the case of DAC technology. In contrast, the amine-functionalized adsorbents described here offer an efficient way of combining high adsorption capacity with economic advantages. It has now been discovered in connection with the invention that this is made possible, in particular, by adjusting the thermal conductivity. To ensure energy-efficient removal of carbon dioxide from the air, it is important that the adsorption materials are selected so that the energy required for desorption and the associated heating and cooling phases is reduced to a minimum.The thermal properties of the adsorption materials also play a crucial role. This is precisely what the present invention achieves.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, the adsorption textile is described, wherein the at least one core layer comprises a fiber material.

[0015] According to a further preferred embodiment, the adsorption textile is described, wherein the at least one core layer comprises glass fiber.

[0016] Glass fiber has roughly comparable mechanical properties to other fibers such as polymers and carbon fiber. According to another embodiment, glass fiber can be used in composite materials. In this case, it is cheaper and significantly less brittle. The high elastic modulus is used to improve the mechanical properties of plastics. In particular, a combination of glass fibers and plastic fibers is described as a possible embodiment to optimize the support properties of the core layer.

[0017] The advantage of using glass fibers is that they are resistant to aging and weathering, chemically resistant and non-flammable.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the adsorption textile is described, wherein the at least one core layer comprises plastic fiber.

[0019] Polyester fiber is particularly preferred. However, blends of artificial and natural fibers can also be used. Examples include compositions of cotton or 80% cotton and 20% polyester.

[0020] One possibility for generating a large surface area and thus a good CO2 absorption capacity is the use of fibers as a carrier for the adsorption coating. However, both glass fibers and plastic fibers have insufficient thermal conductivity. This circumstance requires significantly more time and energy for heating and cooling. Both have a negative impact on the efficiency of the adsorption materials. Therefore, the embodiment according to the invention described here, which has both a fiber-containing core layer and a thermally conductive coating, is particularly advantageous.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, the adsorption textile is described, wherein the at least one core layer is formed as a woven fabric, scrim, nonwoven or knitted fabric.

[0022] In the context of the invention, a fabric refers to a textile produced by weaving. Woven fabrics, for example, are produced using a loom and consist of numerous threads woven in warp and weft. A woven fabric is defined here as a fabric produced by interlacing two or more threads at a substantially right angle to each other. In the context of the invention, woven fabrics can be made of both natural and synthetic fibers and are often made from a blend of both.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the adsorption textile is described, wherein the adsorption textile is permeable to gas. According to a preferred embodiment, the adsorption textile is described, wherein the adsorption textile is permeable to air.

[0024] The fibrous structure of the adsorption textile advantageously allows the adsorption textile to be permeable to gas. This allows the adsorption textile to be loaded with carbon dioxide after the introduction of ambient air as the air flows through the textile.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment, the adsorbent layer comprises at least one amine as the adsorbent material. Polyethyleneimine or corresponding derivatives are particularly preferred. These are particularly well-suited as a functionalized coating, since the entanglement of the polymer does not necessarily require a covalent bond.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the adsorption textile is described, wherein the adsorption textile comprises a heating-cooling element.

[0027] According to a further preferred embodiment, the adsorption textile is described, wherein the adsorption textile comprises a heating / cooling element, wherein the heating / cooling element is connected to the thermally conductive coating, wherein the textile has no adsorption layer at this location. In other words, the textile is free of an adsorption layer at this location.

[0028] This has the advantage that the adsorption textile can be arranged at least partially outside the chamber, and the at least one heating / cooling element, in particular the Peltier element, can be arranged outside the chamber. This enables selective and efficient heating and cooling, as described below.

[0029] The core layer is preferably formed as a continuous fiber, with the fiber having interruptions to integrate the heating / cooling element into the textile. A continuous process is preferably represented by different fiber sections.

[0030] According to a preferred embodiment, the adsorption textile is described, wherein the heating-cooling element is designed as a Peltier element.

[0031] Peltier elements are thermoelectric heat pumps. This means that by supplying electrical energy, heat can be transported against its natural gradient. This makes it possible to use these components for cooling or heating, depending on the application. This behavior is defined by the direction of the current. Heat is extracted from the environment on one side, transported to the other side of the element, and then released across the surface.

[0032] The temperature difference can preferably be at least 20 K, more preferably at least 40 K, even more preferably at least 70 K, and even more preferably at least 100 K. The element is preferably designed in multiple stages. Peltier elements are also referred to as thermoelectric coolers.

[0033] In the case of the present invention, a Peltier element is particularly preferred, as it can be used where cooling with a small temperature difference, precise control, and dynamic behavior is required. This is the case in the present case.

[0034] Peltier elements are particularly preferred because they can be easily integrated into the textile. According to a further aspect, a method for producing an adsorption textile is described, the method comprising the steps:

[0035] - Providing at least one core layer; - Providing at least one heat-conductive layer on the at least one core layer;

[0036] - Providing at least one adsorber layer on the at least one thermally conductive layer.

[0037] According to a preferred embodiment, the method is described, wherein the provision of the at least one thermally conductive layer takes place in one step already during the provision of the core layer by means of fiber spinning.

[0038] The processes for producing chemical fibers by fiber spinning can be divided into solution spinning, melt spinning, and dispersion spinning. The latter are also referred to as matrix spinning. Solution spinning is a process for spinning infusible polymers, which are then transferred into solution. Two processes are distinguished: wet spinning and dry spinning.

[0039] In solution spinning, the spinning dope is created by dissolving the polymer or a derivative of this polymer in a suitable solvent. This dope is forced through the holes of a spinneret. The resulting dope jets are solidified into filaments in the wet spinning process by the solvent passing into the spinning bath. The solution usually contains between 5 and 40 wt.%, primarily 20 to 25 wt.% solids. The solvent is recovered during spinning.

[0040] According to a preferred embodiment, the method is described, wherein the provision of the at least one thermally conductive layer is carried out by thermal vapor deposition of the core layer with a thermally conductive material.

[0041] According to a further aspect, a system is described which comprises: a chamber, and an adsorption textile, wherein the adsorption textile is arranged at least partially within the chamber.

[0042] According to a preferred embodiment, the system is described, wherein the adsorption textile is arranged at least partially outside the chamber, and the adsorption textile comprises at least one heating / cooling element, in particular a Peltier element, which is arranged outside the chamber. According to a further aspect, the use of the system is described, comprising the steps of: inlet of ambient air to load the adsorption textile with carbon dioxide, and outlet of carbon dioxide-depleted air.

[0043] According to a preferred embodiment, the system is described, wherein the use of the system further comprises the step of: regenerating the adsorption textile, wherein the carbon dioxide bound to the adsorption textile is released therefrom.

[0044] According to a further aspect, a method for separating CO2 from air using the adsorbent is described, wherein the adsorbent is brought into contact with atmospheric air in an adsorption step.

[0045] According to a preferred embodiment, the method for separating CO2 from the air using the adsorbent is described, wherein the CO2 is released in a desorption step.

[0046] According to a preferred embodiment, the method for separating CO2 from the air using the adsorbent is described, wherein the method is designed as a DAC method.

[0047] The captured CO2 can then be reused. The use of renewable raw materials is an effective lever for improving the overall CO2 footprint of vehicles. Sustainable polymer solutions are becoming increasingly important in the automotive industry, based on vehicle life cycle analyses.

[0048] The CO2 obtained using the functionalized adsorption material by means of the DAC process can be used in particular for synthesis purposes.

[0049] Thermoplastic polymers based on bound CO2 not only have the properties of easy processing in the form of forming processes, but also a property profile specified for the respective application and have a negative CO2 balance over the product life cycle.

[0050] Further preferred embodiments of the invention emerge from the remaining features recited in the subclaims. The various embodiments of the invention recited in this application can be advantageously combined with one another, unless otherwise stated in individual cases.

[0051] The invention is explained below in exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

[0052] Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the DAC process for capturing CO2 from atmospheric air;

[0053] Figure 2 shows an adsorption textile according to the invention according to an embodiment;

[0054] Figure 3 shows an adsorption textile according to the invention according to a further

[0055] embodiment;

[0056] Figure 4 is a block diagram of a method for producing an adsorption textile according to the invention;

[0057] Figure 5 shows a system comprising an adsorption textile according to the invention according to one embodiment;

[0058] Figure 6 shows a system comprising an adsorption textile according to the invention according to a further embodiment;

[0059] Figure 7 is a block diagram for a use of the adsorption textile according to the invention and

[0060] Figure 8 shows the use of a system with absorbent textile according to the invention.

[0061] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a DAC process for the capture of CO2 from atmospheric air.

[0062] The conventional DAC device is designed here as a single unit comprising an adsorbent. Adsorption 10 and desorption or regeneration 20 can occur sequentially. During adsorption 10, the system is opened in the first step, and atmospheric air flows in without any additional aids or with the aid of fans. At ambient temperature, CO2 binds chemically, and the CO2-depleted air leaves the system 11. This step is completed when the adsorbent according to the invention is completely saturated with CO2. In the next step, the fans are switched off, the inlet valve is closed, and the residual air is removed from the system either through a pressure drop 4 by suction or by introducing steam.

[0063] Regeneration 20 then occurs by heating the system to a specific temperature 3. This effectively releases the CO2. The released CO2 is collected and transported out of the system for purification, compression, or recycling. To start another cycle, the system should be cooled to ambient conditions.

[0064] During both adsorption 10 and desorption 20, electrical energy is fed in to operate the plant 2, 5.

[0065] Figure 2 shows an adsorption textile according to the invention according to one embodiment. The adsorption textile 30 is suitable for adsorbing carbon dioxide and has a core layer 32. This core layer 32 serves as a carrier layer.

[0066] Furthermore, at least one thermally conductive layer 34 is arranged on the aforementioned core layer 32. At least one adsorber layer 36 is arranged on the at least one thermally conductive layer 34. This adsorber layer 36 is designed to adsorb carbon dioxide from the air and desorb it again during a subsequent regeneration cycle. This allows previously absorbed CO2 to be retained, for example, in a DAC process, and thus recovered in an ecologically advantageous manner.

[0067] Classic adsorption materials can be used for the adsorbent layer, including, for example, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, amine-functionalized materials, and polymer-based adsorbents. Polyethyleneimines or corresponding derivatives are particularly preferred. These are particularly well-suited as functionalized coatings because the entanglement of the polymer does not necessarily require a covalent bond. The adsorption textile 30 is designed as a woven, nonwoven, or knitted fabric and comprises a fiber-containing material. Glass fiber and plastic fiber, in particular polyester fiber, are preferably used. In the context of the invention, a woven fabric refers to a textile produced by weaving. Woven fabrics are produced, for example, using a loom and consist of numerous threads woven in warp and weft.The fibrous structure of the adsorption textile allows the adsorption textile 30 to be permeable to gas. In particular, the textile 30 is permeable to air. This allows the adsorption textile 30 to be charged with carbon dioxide after ambient air is admitted, while the air flows through the textile 30. The carbon dioxide-depleted air can then be expelled through a suitable outlet. This, in turn, is a prerequisite for the appropriate regeneration of the adsorption textile, whereby the carbon dioxide bound to the adsorption textile 30 is released from it.

[0068] Figure 3 shows an adsorption textile 30 according to the invention according to a further embodiment. The adsorption textile 30 according to this embodiment has a heating / cooling element 38. The heating / cooling element 38 is in particular a Peltier element, i.e., a thermoelectric element. The textile does not have an adsorption layer at this point. In other words, the textile is free of an adsorption layer at this point, which has the advantage that the adsorption textile can be arranged at least partially outside the chamber, whereby the at least one heating / cooling element, in particular the Peltier element, can also be arranged outside the chamber.

[0069] Figure 4 shows a block diagram of a method for producing an adsorption textile 30 according to the invention. According to this method for producing an adsorption textile 30, the at least one core layer 32 is first provided S32. This is followed by the provision S34 of the at least one thermally conductive layer 34 on the at least one core layer 32. As a further step, the at least one adsorber layer 36 is then provided S36 on the at least one thermally conductive layer 34. The provision S34 of the at least one thermally conductive layer 34 can already be carried out in a single step during the provision S32 of the core layer 32 by means of fiber spinning.

[0070] However, it is preferred that the at least one thermally conductive layer 34 be provided by thermally vapor-depositing the core layer 32 with a thermally conductive material. For coating, the fiber is vapor-deposited with a thermally conductive material, in particular precious metals, copper, silver, gold, electroplating, alloys, graphite, and / or DLC. The use of fibers as a carrier for the adsorption coating creates a large surface area, with the disadvantage that both glass fibers and plastic fibers have insufficient thermal conductivity. Time- and energy-consuming heating and cooling negatively impact the efficiency of the adsorption process. Therefore, the invention described here, which combines the fiber-containing core layer with a thermally conductive coating, is particularly advantageous.

[0071] Figure 5 shows a system comprising an adsorption textile 30 according to the invention according to one embodiment. The system has a chamber 40 and an adsorption textile 30, wherein the adsorption textile 30 is only partially arranged within the chamber 40. The adsorption textile 30 is at least partially arranged outside the chamber 40. Thus, the adsorption textile 30 can comprise at least one heating / cooling element 38, in particular a Peltier element, which is arranged outside the chamber 40. This enables selective and efficient heating and cooling, wherein in particular the heat-conducting coating can be used thermally efficiently to introduce heat energy into the chamber and to dissipate it again.

[0072] Figure 6 shows a system comprising an adsorption textile 30 according to the invention according to a further embodiment. The system here comprises the chamber 40. The chamber 40 has a first side 42 with an inlet 43. Furthermore, the chamber 40 has a second side 44 with an outlet 45. Ambient air 50 can be introduced into the chamber through the inlet 43 of the first side 42 to bind to the adsorption textile 30.

[0073] Figure 7 shows a block diagram for a use of the adsorption textile 30 according to the invention. During use of the system, ambient air S62 is first admitted to load the adsorption textile 30 with carbon dioxide S63. Carbon dioxide-depleted air is released from the system via the outlet. In a further step, the regeneration S66 of the adsorption textile 30 takes place, during which the carbon dioxide bound to the adsorption textile 30 is released. Due to the special structure of the adsorption textile 30, the desorption cycles can be very short, in the range of minutes, with only the surface being heated and the fiber not yet being heated. This is particularly advantageous in terms of energy, as it reduces the heating and cooling phases.

[0074] Figure 8 shows an illustration of the use of a system with an adsorption textile 30 according to the invention. During use of the system, ambient air is first admitted in order to load the adsorption textile 30 with carbon dioxide. For this purpose, the chamber 40 has a first side 42 with an inlet 43, wherein ambient air 50 is introduced into the chamber through the inlet 43 of the first side 42 in order to bind to the adsorption textile 30. The fibrous structure of the adsorption textile 30 enables the adsorption textile 30 to be permeable to gas. In particular, the textile 30 is permeable to air. This allows the adsorption textile 30 to be loaded with carbon dioxide after the admission of ambient air while the air flows through the textile 30. In addition, the chamber 40 has a second side 44 with an outlet 45. Carbon dioxide-depleted air is released from the system via outlet 45.In a further step, the regeneration of the adsorption textile 30 takes place, wherein the carbon dioxide bound to the adsorption textile 30 is released therefrom and collected via a CC>2 outlet 52.

[0075] List of reference symbols

[0076] 1 atmospheric air

[0077] 2 Electricity input adsorption

[0078] 3 Heat input

[0079] 4 Pressure drop

[0080] 5 Electricity input regeneration

[0081] 10 Adsorption phase

[0082] 11 Discharge of CO2-depleted air

[0083] 12 Discharge of pure CO2

[0084] 13 Water discharge

[0085] 20 Regeneration phase

[0086] 30 Adsorption textile

[0087] 32 core layer

[0088] 34 thermally conductive layer

[0089] 36 Adsorber layer

[0090] 38 Heating-cooling element

[0091] 40 chambers

[0092] 42 first page

[0093] 43 Entrance

[0094] 44 second page

[0095] 45 Outlet

[0096] 50 gas

[0097] S32 Providing at least one core layer

[0098] S34 Providing at least one thermally conductive layer 1

[0099] S36 Providing at least one adsorbent layer

[0100] 562 Air intake

[0101] 563 Loading the adoption textile

[0102] 564 Air outlet

[0103] S66 CC>2 exhaust and regeneration

Claims

Patent claims 1. Adsorption textile (30) comprising: at least one core layer (32); at least one thermally conductive layer (34) arranged on the at least one core layer (32); and at least one adsorber layer (36) arranged on the at least one thermally conductive layer (34), wherein the at least one adsorber layer (36) is configured to absorb and / or desorb carbon dioxide from air.

2. Adsorption textile (30) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one core layer (32) is designed as a woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, fleece or knitted fabric.

3. Adsorption textile (30) according to the preceding claim, wherein the at least one core layer (32) comprises glass fiber and / or plastic fiber, in particular polyester fiber.

4. Adsorption textile (30) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorption textile (30) is permeable to gas, in particular to air.

5. Adsorption textile (30) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorption textile (30) comprises a heating / cooling element (38), in particular a Peltier element.

6. A method for producing an adsorption textile (30) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises the steps: Provide (S32) at least one core layer (32); Providing (S34) at least one thermally conductive layer (34) on the at least one core layer (32); Providing (S36) at least one adsorber layer (36) on the at least one thermally conductive layer (34).

7. Method according to claim 6, wherein the provision (S34) of the at least one thermally conductive layer (34) is carried out in one step already during the provision (S32) of the core layer (32) by means of fiber spinning.

8. Method according to claim 6, wherein the provision of the at least one thermally conductive layer (34) is carried out by thermal vapor deposition of the core layer (32) with a thermally conductive material.

9. System comprising a chamber (40) and an adsorption textile (30) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the adsorption textile (30) is arranged at least partially inside the chamber (40).

10. System according to claim 9, wherein the adsorption textile (30) is arranged at least partially outside the chamber (40); and the adsorption textile (30) comprises at least one heating / cooling element (38), in particular a Peltier element, which is arranged outside the chamber (40).

11. Use of a system according to one of claims 9 or 10, wherein the use of the system comprises the steps: Inlet of ambient air (S62) to load the adsorption textile (30) with carbon dioxide (S63); Outlet (S64) of carbon dioxide-depleted air.

12. Use of a system according to claim 11, wherein the use of the system further comprises the step of: Regeneration (S66) of the adsorption textile (30), wherein the carbon dioxide bound to the adsorption textile (30) is released from it.

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