Deployable retractor

Abstract

The invention relates to a deployable retractor (1) with a folded-in configuration and a folded-out configuration. In the folded-out configuration, the refractor (1) forms a completely encased channel (2), wherein the casing (3) of the channel (2) comprises an at least partly double-walled textile (4) that surrounds a fluid interior (6) which has at least one fluid chamber (5) and can be filled with a fluid via a connection (7) and which is emptied in the folded-in configuration and is filled with the fluid in the folded-out configuration.

Description

[0001] Deployable refractor

[0002] The invention relates to a refractor, a method for producing a refractor and a method for operating a refractor.

[0003] Refractors are used in operations such as spinal surgery. To perform spinal surgery, the surgeon needs a channel to view the surgical field and to guide surgical instruments into the surgical field.

[0004] This typically involves cutting and expanding the skin and underlying tissue. A refractor is then used to separate the skin and tissue. A refractor forms a channel inside through which the surgeon can insert the instruments and also gain direct insight into the surgical field.

[0005] To hold the tissue apart, two rigid, opposing metallic blades are typically inserted into the incision area and pushed apart via a metallic rod system until the skin opening reaches the desired size. It is also previously known to introduce a second set of blades arranged orthogonally to the first set.

[0006] Since such refractors only hold the tissue apart at a few points, very strong pressure points arise, which can lead to tissue death during longer operations, some of which can last several hours. Against this background, the invention is based on the object of creating a tissue-protecting refractor.

[0007] To achieve this object, the features of claim 1 are provided according to the invention. In particular, to achieve the stated object, the invention proposes a deployable refractor which has a folded and an unfolded configuration. In the unfolded configuration, the refractor forms a completely enclosed channel, the casing of the channel comprising a textile. The textile is at least partially double-walled. The textile encloses a fluid interior which has at least one fluid chamber. The fluid interior can be filled with a fluid via a connection. Furthermore, the fluid interior is emptied in the folded configuration and filled with the fluid in the unfolded configuration.

[0008] When empty, the textile is folded and takes up only a small volume, allowing it to be easily inserted into the tissue opened for the operation. When the textile is then filled with fluid, it expands and unfolds, forming the channel. This evenly loads the surrounding tissue and protects it. Even during long operations, the tissue that is held apart receives sufficient blood flow and is not killed. The technical solution according to the invention therefore creates a particularly gentle refractor.

[0009] The double-walled textile can be characterized in that the textile has an inner wall and an outer wall, wherein the fluid interior is formed between the outer wall and the inner wall. The textile can also have one or more intermediate walls between the inner and outer walls. Such a multi-layer textile is used in the context of this

[0010] Invention description also referred to as double-walled.

[0011] The textile can, but does not have to, be completely double-walled. It is sufficient if it is at least partially double-walled. In addition to the areas in which the outer and inner walls are spaced apart from one another in the unfolded configuration, there can also be contact areas where the outer and inner walls touch, are sewn together, and / or interwoven, even in the unfolded configuration. The contact areas can define borders of fluid chambers, as described in more detail below.

[0012] A fluid can be a liquid, preferably water, or a gas, preferably air.

[0013] The unfolded configuration is one in which the fluid interior is filled with fluid at a working pressure, thus forming the channel. The folded configuration is one in which the fluid interior is emptied and the pressure in the fluid interior corresponds to the external pressure.

[0014] The working pressure is preferably more than one or more bar and can particularly preferably be up to 15 bar or exactly 15 bar.

[0015] When the connection is closed, the fluid interior is preferably hermetically sealed and, in particular, watertight and / or airtight to the outside.

[0016] The fluid interior has one connection and thus exactly one or more than one connection. The exact one or more connections are preferably closable. The fluid interior preferably has exactly two connections. Two connections can facilitate filling and emptying the fluid interior, particularly when the fluid is a liquid, since this way, air pockets can be avoided or removed.

[0017] Even in the event that the textile should have more than one fluid interior, more than one connection will be expedient, preferably exactly one and particularly preferably exactly two connections per fluid interior.

[0018] A refractor designed according to the invention can be used, for example, for spinal operations, but also for other surgical interventions.

[0019] The fluid is preferably a liquid. The particular advantage of using a liquid instead of a gas is that liquids are incompressible. Such hydraulic textiles offer the advantage over pneumatic textiles that the refractor can be dimensionally stable in the deployed configuration. Surprisingly, it has been shown that such refractors can achieve a hardness similar to that of conventional plastic tubes.

[0020] In an advantageous embodiment of the refractor, the channel can be dimensionally stable in the deployed configuration. In particular, the textile can have a predetermined, stable unfolded shape, which is achieved at a working pressure, for example, the aforementioned working pressure, and which is not further expanded by a further increase in the fluid pressure.

[0021] The textile, in particular the fabric, preferably has a maximum extension. It can be provided that the textile is inelastic and / or unstretchable at least in the unfolded configuration. Inelastic and unstretchable are not to be understood in an absolute sense, but rather in such a way that in the unfolded configuration, in which the fluid is under a working pressure, for example the previously mentioned working pressure, an application of pressure to the textile from the outside when the refractor is used as intended does not cause any deformation of the textile, so that the textile is dimensionally stable in the unfolded configuration. This therefore concerns external pressures that can arise when human tissue is held apart by the refractor. The same applies to the previously mentioned feature of dimension stability.

[0022] The textile may also be inelastic and / or unstretchable even in its folded configuration. Unlike in its unfolded state, the textile is not dimensionally stable, as the fluid interior is not filled, and thus, a change in shape does not result in the displacement of fluid.

[0023] However, it is also possible that the textile is still elastic and / or stretchable when folded. To achieve a stable shape when filled, it is sufficient if the elasticity and / or stretchability decreases significantly at a pressure that is below or equal to the working pressure. This can be the case, for example, if a weaving technique is used in which the woven fabric is stretchable without the application of force, but which cannot be stretched any further beyond a certain degree of stretch.

[0024] The material, especially the yarn, from which the textile is made is preferably an inelastic yarn. However, it can also exhibit elastic properties, which can be influenced by the weaving technique used.

[0025] Preferably, a high-strength synthetic fiber such as an aramid, particularly preferably a p-aramid fiber or a p-aramid copolymer fiber, is used as the textile material.

[0026] It may be provided that the outer and inner walls of the double-walled textile are deflected or sewn in the area opposite the connection.

[0027] In a further advantageous embodiment of the refractor, the fluid interior can be provided with several fluid chambers. The fluid chambers are preferably fluid-dynamically, particularly hydrodynamically, in communication with one another. Therefore, a fluid can flow from one fluid chamber into an adjacent fluid chamber. It has surprisingly been shown that such a multi-chamber system can lead to a particularly stable deployed configuration and, at the same time, that the tissue held apart is particularly protected due to the resulting uneven surface.

[0028] Preferably, the fluid exchange between adjacent fluid chambers is effected by lines formed in and / or by the textile.

[0029] Fluid exchange between adjacent fluid chambers can be bidirectional or unidirectional. Unidirectional exchange can, for example, be achieved via a membrane that is permeable in only one direction.

[0030] In a further advantageous embodiment of the refractor, the textile can have contact areas in which an outer and an inner wall of the textile are connected to one another. The connection can be established, for example, by seams and / or interweaving. The contact areas are preferably formed on a lateral surface of the casing. The contact areas can form separating areas for the fluid chambers.

[0031] To ensure a secure fit in the skin tissue without the refractor slipping out, a further advantageous embodiment of the refractor can provide for the channel to be tapered in the unfolded configuration. Tapered can be characterized by the refractor being narrower between the channel ends. In this case, the channel can have a concave curvature rather than a cylindrical shape. The casing can particularly preferably have the shape of a hyperboloid.

[0032] Depending on the application, the channel in the unfolded configuration may alternatively be truncated conical, tapered downwards or upwards, or have another shape.

[0033] It is preferably provided that the shape described in more detail below has a surface which is adapted to the desired design of the channel.

[0034] In a further advantageous embodiment of the refractor, the casing can be provided with a support plate in a partial area. It has been found that a support plate leads to particularly controlled deployment. During use, the support plate can be brought into contact with a bone, for example, so that the refractor can be supported on the bone. During spinal surgery, the support plate can be supported, for example, on the spinous process of a vertebra.

[0035] If there is no support in the body on a bone, the retractor can either be inserted unsupported or it can be held in place by a holding arm, whereby the holding arm can be attached to the support plate.

[0036] The support plate is preferably made of plastic, but can also be made of another material such as metal.

[0037] The support plate is preferably rigid. This means that the support plate remains dimensionally stable under the forces applied during normal use.

[0038] The textile is preferably attached to the support plate. This can be done, for example, by gluing, which can be particularly advantageous if the support plate consists of only a single plate.

[0039] The support plate is preferably designed as a double plate, with the textile being inserted, in particular clamped, between the two partial plates of the double plate. The partial plates can preferably have means for generating contact pressure. The two partial plates can be screwed together, for example.

[0040] To improve the impermeability of the textile, a further advantageous embodiment of the refractor can provide for the textile to be coated with a liquid-impermeable coating. The coating is preferably made of a plastic and / or an elastomer.

[0041] Preferably, the coating is applied to the inner walls of the fluid interior. Alternatively or additionally, the coating is applied to an outer side of the textile.

[0042] The coating is preferably permeable to air. This allows any air pockets that may have formed in the fluid interior to be removed while simultaneously ensuring that the textile remains impermeable.

[0043] It can be provided that the sheath is uneven on the outside in the unfolded configuration. The sheath preferably has elevations and / or dents on the outside. The feature that the surface of the textile is not smooth but has a surface structure can be achieved, for example, by designing the refractor as described above as a multi-chamber system whose fluid chambers inflate when filled, while the contact areas of the textile are not filled with the fluid. This gives the textile an uneven structure which has the advantage that the fabric is subjected to less strain overall and has better blood circulation. The uneven structure is preferably brought about by elevations which are arranged in a regular pattern.

[0044] To enable optimal illumination of the operating area, it can be provided that lamps are arranged on or in an inner side of the casing. The lamps can be designed as LEDs. Light can alternatively be introduced via plastic or glass fibers. The lamps can also be arranged, in particular attached, to the inside of the support plate in the channel. The lamps can also be arranged, in particular attached or woven in, in or on the textile, in particular as ring lighting.

[0045] Means may be provided to ensure that the pressure of the fluid in the textile is increased in a controlled manner and to prevent a maximum pressure from being exceeded.

[0046] For example, a sensor may be provided to measure fluid pressure.

[0047] It can be provided that the textile has several chambers, of which only some are filled with the fluid in the unfolded configuration.

[0048] Furthermore, it can be provided that a spring is formed which absorbs the counterpressure generated by the fabric pressing on the refractor and which, when a predetermined reference pressure value is exceeded, prevents additional fluid, which can be injected for example by means of a syringe, from entering the textile.

[0049] The refractor can be designed to taper downwards when folded and / or unfolded. "Downward" refers to the direction in which the refractor is inserted into the tissue. This can be on a side of the canal facing away from the connector(s).

[0050] To achieve the stated object, the invention further provides the features of a first independent claim directed to a method for producing a deployable refractor. In particular, to achieve the stated object in a method for producing a deployable refractor which is designed according to the invention, in particular as described above and / or according to one of the claims directed to a refractor, it is proposed that the double-walled textile having the fluid interior is produced from a textile material and that the fluid interior is then coated. The textile can be produced, for example, by processing a textile fabric. For example, a textile fabric can be sewn and / or woven so that the double-walled textile having the fluid interior is formed.Preferably, the textile is coated on the outside with an airtight film before coating the fluid interior. It may be provided that the airtight film is removed again after the coating has been applied. Such a method can be particularly advantageous when producing a refractor that has multiple fluid chambers.

[0051] A sheet-like textile structure can, for example, be designed as a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a braid, a stitch-bonded fabric, a nonwoven fabric and / or felt.

[0052] For example, it can be provided that in a first step a multi-chamber textile fabric is produced. This fabric can then be surrounded on the outside with an airtight film in a second step. This film can serve to prevent a gas from escaping from the textile, which gas is then introduced into the fluid interior in a subsequent step. The introduction of a gas under sufficient gas pressure results in the fluid chambers inflating. Once the chambers are inflated, a curable material in the liquid state, for example a silicone, an elastomer, in particular a vulcanizable elastomer, or also a chemically curing material, even a two-component material, can be introduced into the inflated fluid chambers. This material then settles on the inner walls of the fluid chambers and then begins to harden.The fact that the fluid chambers are inflated during this time prevents them from sticking together. To ensure that the material reaches all areas, the retractor is preferably rotated in different directions. This ensures that the material is applied evenly to the inside.

[0053] To achieve the stated object, the invention further provides the features of a second independent claim directed to a method for producing a deployable refractor. In particular, to achieve the stated object in a method for producing a deployable refractor which is designed according to the invention, in particular as described above and / or according to one of the claims directed to a retractor, it is proposed that a sheet-like textile structure, such as in particular a textile fabric, is coated and that the double-walled textile having the fluid interior is subsequently formed.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the method described above for producing a deployable refractor, it can be provided that a material of the coating is meltable, that two layers of the textile structure are placed on top of one another such that their coated sides touch, that the meltable material is melted at least in one area by heating, and that the two layers are pressed together at least in a partial area of ​​the melted area.

[0055] The two layers can, for example, be produced by coating a layer of textile with the material and then cutting the coated textile into suitable pieces. Two such pieces can then be placed on top of one another as described above. Alternatively, a cut piece of textile can be folded so that the two layers are placed on top of one another. It is also conceivable for the textile to be formed in its final configuration by turning the textile inside out, so that the laminate initially applied to the outside is then formed on the inside of the fluid interior. Such a method can preferably be used for a textile which has only a single fluid chamber. Cutting the textile is not necessary if the textile pieces are already provided in the desired size. Cutting can also be done at a later time if necessary.For example, the double-walled textile can be produced for several refractors at the same time and then cut into the size required for each individual refractor.

[0056] The coating material is preferably a thermoplastic. It could, for example, be a thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0057] In a further development of the method for producing a deployable refractor, it can be provided that a mold is provided with a surface structure which has raised surfaces between which depressions are formed, and that the mold is pressed onto the two layers of the textile structure placed on top of one another. The mold is preferably heated before or while the mold is being pressed onto the two layers. The mold is preferably made of metal, such as brass. Furthermore, the mold is preferably designed as a plate. A surface of the mold or plate is preferably flat, but it can also have a curvature or some other curvature.

[0058] If the already heated form is pressed onto the two layers in the manner described, the coating material melts on the raised surfaces of the form. Due to the applied

[0059] Under pressure, the molten material bonds together at the raised surfaces. After cooling, the two layers are then firmly bonded to each other in these areas. For cooling, it is not necessary for the mold to continue to be pressed against the textile, but it is also possible for cooling to occur while pressure is still being applied.

[0060] The surface structure of the mold therefore determines the areas in which the two layers are bonded. The bonding occurs only in the raised areas. In the recessed areas, the two layers are not bonded. The recesses therefore correspond to the chambers and the fluidic connections between the chambers, and the raised areas form boundaries for the chambers. The process therefore allows the production of textile double-walled sheathing with a wide variety of chamber geometries.

[0061] The raised surfaces preferably have narrow ridges. This maximizes the area within which the chambers can be filled with fluid.

[0062] After the two layers have been joined together at the designated points, the textile can be cut into its final shape.

[0063] The mold may be provided with multiple, preferably repeating, surface patterns. In this case, a single pressing process can produce a textile that can then be used to manufacture more than one refractor by cutting the textile into the required individual pieces.

[0064] With an advantageous design of the aforementioned

[0065] In a method for producing a deployable refractor, or independently of this method, it can be provided that contact areas are formed to form a plurality of fluid chambers by interweaving and / or sewing an outer and an inner wall of the textile. This preferably takes place before the textile is coated.

[0066] To create the multiple fluid chambers, the textile can be woven, knitted, or sewn. Sewing is preferably done before the textile is coated. This prevents the coating from being perforated and leaking during the sewing process.

[0067] To achieve the stated object, the invention further provides the features of a subordinate claim directed to a method for operating a unfoldable refractor. In particular, to achieve the stated object, in a method for operating a unfoldable refractor which is designed according to the invention, in particular as described above and / or according to one of the claims directed to a refractor, it is proposed that a syringe having a fluid reservoir is connected to the connection and that the fluid interior is filled with the fluid by actuating the syringe. The fluid is preferably subjected to a working pressure. The syringe is preferably designed as a mechanical hand-held syringe. The syringe is preferably connected to the connection via a hose. Such a method can be carried out particularly cost-effectively.

[0068] The fluid supply unit such as the syringe or a fluid pump can be connected to the connector(s) via a hose(s).

[0069] The connectors can be connected to the fluid supply unit, for example, via medical plastic connectors.

[0070] The connection(s) can each be closed by a valve. For example, this could be a hose valve, a 2-way or 3-way stopcock. A Luer-Lock connection can also be used.

[0071] In an advantageous embodiment of a method as described above for operating a deployable refractor, or also independently of the previously described embodiment of the method, it can be provided that a sensor is connected to the connection, with which a fluid pressure is measured and / or that a control device is connected to the connection, with which a working pressure of the fluid, for example the previously mentioned working pressure, is set and controlled.

[0072] The invention will now be described in more detail using one or a few exemplary embodiments, but is not limited to these few exemplary embodiments. Further exemplary embodiments and variants of the invention arise from combining the features of individual or multiple claims with one another and / or with individual or multiple features of the exemplary embodiments or the previously described variants of the invention.

[0073] It shows :

[0074] Fig. 1a to Fig. 1c show an embodiment of an inventively designed deployable

[0075] Refractor in unfolded configuration from different viewing directions, Fig . 2a to Fig . 2c the refractor shown in Fig . la to 1c in folded configuration from different viewing directions,

[0076] Fig. 3a to Fig. 3c show a further embodiment of a deployable refractor designed according to the invention in unfolded configuration from different viewing directions,

[0077] Fig . 4a to Fig . 4d show the refractor shown in Fig . 3a to 3c in folded configuration from different viewing directions .

[0078] In the following description, elements which are identical in function are given identical reference numbers even if they have different designs or shapes.

[0079] Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a deployable refractor 1. The refractor 1 has a support plate 11 which is designed as a double plate with two partial plates 12. A rectangular textile 4 which is made of a fabric woven from a p-aramid fiber is clamped between the partial plates 12 with a first edge on a first side of the support plate 11 and is clamped with a second edge, parallel to the first edge, on a side of the support plate 11 opposite the first side of the support plate 11. To achieve the clamping effect, the two partial plates 12 are screwed together.

[0080] In the unfolded configuration, a channel 2 is formed that is completely enclosed. The enclosure 3 is formed by the support plate 11 and the textile 4.

[0081] The textile 4 is double-layered. It has an outer wall 15 and an inner wall 16. The outer wall 15 and the inner wall 16 enclose a fluid interior 6, so that the textile 4 can be filled with a fluid. In the illustrated embodiment, the refractor 1 is designed to be filled with a liquid, in particular water.

[0082] The textile 4 has two connections 7, which open into the fluid interior 6. The fluid interior 6 has a plurality of fluid chambers 5, which communicate with each other in terms of flow.

[0083] The fluid chambers 5 are separated from one another by contact regions 9. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fluid chambers 5 and the contact regions 9 are designed to run all the way around the channel 2. In the exemplary embodiment described, the contact regions 9 are produced by the outer wall 15 and the inner wall 16 being connected to one another in these regions with a seam. However, the seam is not designed to run completely all the way around the casing 3. At one or more points, the outer wall 15 is not sewn to the inner wall 16, so that connecting lines 10 are formed which connect adjacent fluid chambers 5 to one another.

[0084] The fluid chambers 5 are bordered by the inner sides of the outer wall 15 and inner wall 16, as well as by the boundaries created by the contact area 9. This border is coated on the inside with a cured plastic coating 14, whereby the previously described spin-coating process can be used for the coating 14. The coating 14 is impermeable to the fluid, so that the fluid interior 6 is hermetically sealed when the connections 7 are closed.

[0085] The ports 7 can have a valve function for their closure. One of the ports 7 can be connected, for example, by means of a Luer-Lock connection to a syringe or other fluid delivery unit for delivering the fluid.

[0086] If the fluid interior 6 is not filled with fluid and thus emptied, the refractor 1 is in the folded configuration shown in Figs. 2a to 2c. In this configuration, the geometry of the refractor 1 follows the geometry of the support plate 11. Since this is flat, the refractor can be gently inserted into a skin incision in the folded configuration and brought to the surgical field in the body of a patient.

[0087] A syringe filled with fluid can then be connected to one of the connections 7, depending on their design, directly and / or via a hose. Fluid can then be introduced into the fluid interior 6 using the syringe. This fills the fluid chambers 5 with the fluid. The surgeon performing the operation manually operates the hand syringe. The force applied by hand creates a working pressure of the fluid in the fluid interior 6. The hose is then removed from the connection 7 and both connections 7 are closed. Since the fluid interior 6 is hermetically sealed, the fluid pressure remains.

[0088] By filling the fluid chambers 5 with the fluid, the refractor 1 unfolds and takes on the waisted shape shown in Fig. 1a to Fig. 1c. In the unfolded configuration, the refractor 1 is dimensionally stable under the working pressure. The dimension stability is achieved by using an incompressible fluid on the one hand and by compressing the textile fabric which forms the

[0089] Outer wall 15 and the inner wall 16 forms, opposite a human being held apart during the operation

[0090] Counterpressure applied to the tissue is inelastic and unstretchable.

[0091] In order to give the surgeon a good view of the surgical area in the patient's body, LEDs are mounted as lighting means 13 on the inside of the channel 2 on the inner partial plate 12 and / or woven into the inner wall 16.

[0092] Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show a second embodiment of a refractor 1 designed according to the invention. In the following, only the differences from the refractor 1 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 and previously described will be discussed. Apart from these differences, the two embodiments are designed identically, so that, except for the following comments, the above comments on the refractor 1 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 also apply to the refractor 1 shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. The refractor 1 shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 has a curved support plate 11. In the embodiment shown, the support plate 11 is curved in the shape of a circular arc. This also applies accordingly to the two partial plates 12. In the unfolded state according to Fig. 3, the channel 2 is cylindrical. It is not waisted; in an alternative embodiment, however, the channel 2 can also be waisted.When folded, the refractor 1 tapers in its lower section. This is the area that is first inserted into the tissue when the refractor 1 is inserted. In the example shown here, it is located opposite the connectors 7. The taper facilitates the insertion of the refractor 1 into the tissue.

[0093] The connectors 7 are angled. They feature a valve 17 with which the connecting lines 18 can be opened and closed. In the illustrated embodiment, this can be done manually. For this purpose, the valve 17 features a rotary closure 19.

[0094] The refractor 1 has fluid chambers 5. It has a plurality of fluid chambers 5. In alternative embodiments, the refractor 1 can also have fewer fluid chambers 5. The fluid chambers 5 are each bordered by seams 8. The seams 8 cause the outer wall 15 and inner wall 16 to touch and thus form contact areas 9. The seam 8 surrounding one fluid chamber 5 is interrupted at least at one point and thus forms a connecting line 10 through which the fluid can enter and exit the fluid chamber 5, such that the fluid chamber 5 is filled or emptied.

[0095] In summary, the invention relates to a deployable refractor 1 with a folded configuration and an unfolded configuration, wherein the refractor 1 in the unfolded configuration forms a completely enclosed channel 2, wherein the casing 3 of the channel 2 comprises an at least partially double-walled textile 4, which encloses a fluid interior 6 having at least one fluid chamber 5, which can be filled with a fluid via a connection 7 and which is emptied in the folded configuration and filled with the fluid in the unfolded configuration. List of reference symbols

[0096] retractor

[0097] channel

[0098] Sheathing

[0099] Textile

[0100] Fluid chamber

[0101] Fluid interior

[0102] Connection

[0103] seam

[0104] Contact area

[0105] connecting line

[0106] support plate

[0107] Partial plate

[0108] Light bulbs

[0109] Coating

[0110] exterior wall

[0111] interior wall

[0112] valve

[0113] Connecting cables

[0114] twist lock

Claims

Claims: A deployable refractor (1) with a folded configuration and an unfolded configuration, wherein the refractor (1) in the unfolded configuration forms a fully enclosed channel (2), the enclosure (3) of the channel (2) comprising an at least partially double-walled textile (4) enclosing a fluid interior (6) having at least one fluid chamber (5), which can be filled with a fluid via a connection (7) and which is emptied in the folded configuration and filled with the fluid in the unfolded configuration. A deployable refractor (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the fluid is a liquid. A deployable refractor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channel (2) is dimensionally stable in the unfolded configuration and / or that the textile (4) is inelastic and / or non-stretchable at least in the unfolded configuration.Expandable refractor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluid interior. (6) has several fluid chambers (5), in particular wherein the fluid chambers (5) are fluid-dynamically, in particular hydrodynamically, in communication with each other. Expandable refractor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textile (4) has contact areas (9) in which an outer and an inner wall of the textile (4) are connected to each other, in particular by seams or by weaving. A deployable refractor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channel (2) is waisted in the deployed configuration. A deployable refractor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the casing (3) has a support plate (11) in a partial area, in particular wherein the support plate (11) is a double plate. (11) is formed, wherein between the two partial plates (12) the textile (4) is inserted into the double plate (11). A deployable refractor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textile (4) is coated with a liquid-impermeable, preferably air-permeable, coating (14), in particular wherein the coating (14) is applied to inner walls of the fluid interior (6) and / or wherein the coating (14) is applied to an outer surface of the textile (4). A deployable refractor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer casing (3) in the deployed configuration is uneven, in particular having protrusions and / or dents.A deployable refractor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that light sources (13) are arranged on or in an inner side of the casing (3). A method for manufacturing a deployable refractor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the double-walled textile (4) having the fluid interior (6) is made of a textile material and. wherein the fluid interior (6) is then coated, in particular wherein the textile (4) is coated on the outside with an airtight film before the fluid interior (6) is coated. Method for producing a deployable refractor (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a planar textile structure is coated and wherein the double-walled textile (4) comprising the fluid interior (6) is subsequently formed. Method for producing a deployable refractor (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that a material of the coating is meltable, that two layers of the textile structure are placed on top of each other such that their coated sides touch, that the meltable material is melted at least in one area by heating, and that the two layers are pressed together at least in a partial area of ​​the melted area.A method for producing a deployable refractor (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that a preferably metallic mold with a surface structure is provided, which has raised areas between which depressions are formed, and that the mold is pressed onto the two superimposed layers of the textile structure, in particular wherein the mold is heated before or during this process. Method for producing a deployable refractor. (1) , in particular according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the refractor (1) is designed according to one of claims 1 to 10 and that to Formation of multiple fluid chambers (5) Contact areas (9) a method for operating an expandable refractor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a syringe, preferably designed as a mechanical hand syringe, with a fluid reservoir is connected to the connection (7) and that the fluid interior (6) is filled with the fluid by actuating the syringe, in particular wherein the fluid is thereby pressurized to a working pressure.Method for operating an expandable refractor (1), in particular according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the refractor (1) is designed according to one of claims 1 to 10 and that a sensor is connected to the connection (7) with which a fluid pressure is measured and / or that a control unit is connected to the connection (7) with which the working pressure of the fluid is set and controlled.

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