Dipper for an excavator

Abstract

The invention relates to a dipper (14) for an excavator (11), comprising an attachment axis (17) provided at a dipper end (48), on which an attachment device (21) can be arranged on the dipper (14) using a coupling unit (33) such that it can pivot about the attachment axis (17), wherein a working device (25) can be secured to the attachment device (21), comprising a dipper main section (50) having a dipper bearing point (41) and a further dipper bearing point (42) for a dipper cylinder (18), which are arranged offset relative to one another and provided opposite the dipper end (48) of the dipper (14), comprising a pressure cylinder bearing (46) for a pressure cylinder (16), provided on an upper side (45) of the dipper main section (50), comprising a deflector fulcrum (29) for a deflector (28) of a pivot kinematics system (27), wherein the deflector fulcrum (29) is positioned closer to the attachment axis (17) than to the dipper bearing point (41), characterised in that the dipper end (48) comprises an angled dipper section (51) in which the attachment axis (17) is positioned, and in that the angled dipper section (51) is angled upwards relative to the upper side (45) of the dipper main section (50).

Description

[0001] Handle for an excavator

[0002] The invention relates to a boom for an excavator, on which an attachment device with a coupling device can be arranged pivotably about an attachment axis on the boom.

[0003] From DE 20 2011 100 482 U1 an excavator is known which pivotally accommodates an attachment at the free end of the boom, which is pivotally connected about an attachment axis on the boom to a coupling device of the attachment. A pivot drive is provided on the coupling device, which in turn has a coupling opposite the coupling device for receiving a work tool. To control a pivoting movement of the attachment about the attachment axis of the boom, a pressure cylinder is provided on an upper side of the boom. A piston rod of the pressure cylinder engages a pivot kinematics. This pivot kinematics comprises a coupler and a deflector, which are arranged pivotably about a common axis, to which the pressure cylinder engages, wherein the deflector engages at the opposite end in a deflection axis of the boom and the coupler engages with the opposite end on the coupling device.The top and bottom of the handle are tapered toward the attachment axis. The design of such a handle, with the attachment connected to the attachment axis located at the end of the handle, enables a wide range of applications. However, there are applications where the swivel mobility of the attachment relative to the handle is insufficient.

[0004] The invention is based on the object of creating a boom for an excavator by means of which an attachment with a larger swivel range can be controlled.

[0005] This task is solved by a stick for an excavator, in which the stick end has a cranked stick section, in which an attachment axis is provided for the connection of the attachment device, and in which the cranked stick section is bent upwards relative to the top of the main stick section. This cranked stick section at the stick end enables an increased swivel range of the attachment both towards the underside of the main stick section and in the opposite direction towards the top of the stick. Furthermore, the structural design of the main stick section and the excavator-side connection can be retained.

[0006] This arrangement can also enable improved power transmission from a pressure cylinder of the main section of the arm to the attachment attached to the attachment device.

[0007] A deflection axis for the pivoting kinematics is preferably provided in the transition area between the main stem section and the offset stem section. Alternatively, the deflection axis can also be provided in the offset stem section, i.e., outside the transition area between the main stem section and the offset stem section.

[0008] Alternatively, the deflector axis can also be provided in the handle.

[0009] Advantageously, the offset stem section is arranged at an angle θ between two fictitious straight lines, with the first or one fictitious straight line extending through the attachment axis and the deflector axis, and the second or the other fictitious straight line extending through the deflector axis and a stem connection axis of the stem. This area at the stem end is sufficient to form the offset stem section to increase the pivoting angle range of the attachment device.

[0010] Preferably, the offset stem section is angled toward the top of the stem at an angle a of 15° to 45°, preferably at an angle a of 25° to 35°. This area has proven advantageous for the use and connection of the attachment device. This allows the shear forces occurring in the coupling device of the attachment device to be reduced through more favorable force introduction.

[0011] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that a coupling device of the attachment is articulated to a mounting pin in the mounting axis of the cranked handle section, and a coupling pin is provided on the coupling device, to which a coupling of the pivot kinematics engages, wherein the pivot kinematics has a deflector that engages the deflector axis of the handle, and the pivot kinematics is pivotally controlled by the pressure cylinder. The coupler and the deflector of the pivot kinematics are coordinated with one another in such a way that when the attachment is pivoted towards the top of the handle, the coupling pin of the coupling device can be arranged adjacent to the deflector axis of the handle. By connecting the attachment to the cranked handle, an increased pivoting range can be achieved.

[0012] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the mounting bolt and the coupling bolt of the coupling device are arranged offset in height from one another, and preferably the mounting bearing point is arranged offset in the direction of a rotary drive of the attachment device. This allows the coupling bolt to be located above the rotary drive, and the mounting bearing point to be offset, i.e., recessed, in the direction of the rotary drive.

[0013] Preferably, the height between the coupling bolt and the mounting point of the coupling device on the one hand and the height between the mounting axis on the cranked stem section and the deflector axis on the stem on the other hand are of the same design.

[0014] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the attachment bearing point and the coupling pin of the coupling device are arranged at an angle to the attachment device that is formed by two fictitious straight lines, wherein the first or one fictitious straight line extends through the attachment bearing point and the coupling pin and the second or the other fictitious straight line extends offset in a plane of rotation or parallel to a plane of rotation of a rotating device of the attachment device. Due to this offset arrangement of the coupling pin and the attachment bearing point of the coupling device, the attachment bearing point of the coupling device can be offset towards the plane of rotation of the rotating device of the attachment device, thereby enabling a reduction in the installation height of the attachment device relative to the handle. This increases, in particular, the pivoting angle range towards the underside of the handle.

[0015] Advantageously, the fictitious straight lines of the attachment device are provided at an angle ß of 15° to 45°, preferably 25° to 35°. This, in turn, enables an advantageous connection of the attachment device to the cranked section of the handle.

[0016] Preferably, the angular range of the fictitious straight line of the attachment device and the angular range of the fictitious straight line on the offset handle section are identical. This allows the largest pivoting range or the largest opening angle to be achieved. This opening angle can be 200°, within which the attachment device can be pivoted relative to the offset handle section.

[0017] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the length of the stem section is less than 20% of the total length of the stem. The length of the offset stem section preferably extends from the deflector axis to the free end of the offset stem section. This offset and short stem section may be sufficient to increase the pivoting mobility.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the bent stem section is designed as a rod, box, tubular, or stiffening profile. This bent stem section directly adjoins the structure of the stem. The bent stem section can be as wide as or narrower than the stem, viewed from the top side of the stem.

[0019] Alternatively, the offset handle section can be fork-shaped. The offset, fork-shaped handle section has two spaced-apart fork arms that extend to the free end of the offset handle section. The fork-shaped ends of the handle section can be positioned inside or outside the cheeks of the attachment device in order to connect a double bearing point of the attachment device to the attachment axis of the offset handle section, as well as an attachment bearing point to a deflector axis. This arrangement can also create an increased pivoting range of the attachment device to the handle.

[0020] Preferably, both the deflector axis and the attachment axis are located in the fork-shaped cranked stem section.

[0021] The invention, as well as further advantageous embodiments and developments thereof, are described and explained in more detail below with reference to the examples shown in the drawings. The features shown in the description and the drawings can be used individually or in any combination according to the invention. They show:

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic side view of an excavator with a boom, an attachment and a working tool,

[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic side view of a stick for an excavator with a cranked stick section,

[0024] Figure 3 is a perspective view of the handle according to Figure 2, Figure 4 is a perspective view of an attachment device for connection to the handle according to Figure 2,

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic side view of the attachment device according to Figure 4,

[0026] Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view of the attachment device along the line IV-IV in Figure 4,

[0027] Figure 7 is a perspective view of the handle according to Figure 3 with an attachment device according to Figure 4,

[0028] Figure 8 is a schematic side view of the handle according to Figure 1 with an attachment device according to Figure 4 in a first working position,

[0029] Figure 9 is a schematic side view of the arrangement according to Figure 6 in a further working position of the attachment,

[0030] Figure 10 is a perspective view from above of an alternative embodiment of the handle to Figure 3,

[0031] Figure 11 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment to Figure 4 for the handle according to Figure 10, and

[0032] Figure 12 is a perspective view from above of an attachment device according to Figure 11 arranged on the handle according to Figure 10.

[0033] Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of an excavator 11. The excavator 11 comprises a base machine 13 with a boom 12, which is articulated at the end to a stick 14. The boom 12 is moved up and down by a lifting cylinder 19. The boom 12 comprises at least one stick cylinder 18 for controlling a pivoting movement of the stick 14. At least one pressure cylinder 16 is provided on the stick 14, by means of which an attachment device 21 provided on the stick 14 can be controlled. At the end of the stick 14, the attachment device 21 is pivotally mounted in an attachment axis 17. This attachment device 21 can comprise a rotating device 22 with a rotary drive 24 and a coupling 23, in particular a quick-change coupling. The rotating device 22 comprises a drive housing 66. The rotary drive 24 enables the coupling to rotate relative to the drive housing 66 in a rotational axis 26. An interchangeable working device 25 is provided on the coupling 23.To control a pivoting movement of the attachment device 21, a pivot kinematics system 27 is provided. This comprises a deflector 28, which is pivotally connected to the stem 14 at one end via a deflector axis 29. The pivot kinematics system 27 further comprises a coupling 31, which is connected at one end to the deflector 28 via a common pivot axis 35. At the opposite end, the coupling 31 engages a coupling device 33. This coupling device 33 is a component of the attachment device 21 or is mounted on the attachment device 21. The drive housing 66 preferably has a cover surface 67 extending at least in sections, on which the coupling device 33 is provided. The pressure cylinder 16, in particular a piston rod of the pressure cylinder 16, engages the pivot axis 35 of the pivot kinematics system 27.

[0034] Figure 2 shows a schematically enlarged side view of the stem 14. Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the stem 14 according to Figure 2.

[0035] The boom 14 has a main boom section 50. At one end of the main boom section 50 is a boom bearing point 41, by which the boom 14 is pivotally mounted to the boom boom 12. Adjacent to this is a boom cylinder axis 42, in which the boom cylinder 18 of the boom boom 12 engages. From the boom bearing point 41, a lower side 43, designed as a lower chord, extends to the front boom end 48. Opposite, the boom 14 includes an upper side 45, designed as an upper chord. Provided on the upper side 45 is a pressure cylinder bearing 46 for receiving the pressure cylinder 16. The upper side 45 and the lower side 43 are aligned at an acute angle to one another, running in the direction of the deflector axis 29.

[0036] The handle 14 has a bent handle section 51. This bent handle section 51 is provided at the handle end 48. The handle 14 comprises a main handle section 50 with the handle bearing points 41 and 42 and the bent handle section 51. The mounting axis 17 is provided in the bent handle section 51. The bent handle section 51 extends from the deflector axis 29 toward the top side 45 of the handle 14. The bent handle section 51 is bent upwards at an angle a of, for example, 30° to the bottom side 43 of the handle 14. The angle for the bent of the handle section 21 is determined by two fictitious straight lines 52, 53. The straight line 52 extends through the mounting axis 17 and deflector axis 29 of the cranked stem section 51. The straight line 52 extends through the deflector axis 29 and preferably runs parallel to the underside 43 of the stem 14. The straight line 53 can also extend through the deflector axis 29 and stem bearing point 41.

[0037] The length of the offset stem section 51 can be determined from the angle a and a height HS between the mounting axis 17 and the deflector axis 29. The distance between the mounting axis 17 and the deflector axis 29 includes the height HS.

[0038] The offset handle section 51 is the same width as the main section 50 of the handle 14. For very long handles 14, the main handle section 50 can taper towards the offset handle section 51. The width of the offset handle section 51 and the distance between the cheeks 36 of the coupling device 33 are adapted to each other. Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the attachment device 21. Figure 5 shows a schematic side view of the attachment device 21 according to Figure 4.

[0039] The coupling device 33 consists of two spaced-apart cheeks 36. The cheeks 36 can be connected to at least one connecting plate 34 extending between the cheeks 36. The at least one connecting plate 34 can rest against an upper side of the rotating device 22 and can preferably be releasably fastened thereto. A connecting plane 65 is formed between the upper side of the rotating device 22, to which the coupling device 33 is fastened, and the coupling device 33, in particular the connecting plate 34 of the coupling device 33. Each cheek 36 comprises a coupling bearing point 37 and an attachment bearing point 38. The coupling bearing point 37 and the attachment bearing point 38 are offset from one another at a height HK. The attachment bearing point 38 is recessed relative to the coupling bearing point 37. The attachment bearing point 38 of the coupling device 33 is located, for example, in the connecting plane 65.Alternatively, the attachment bearing point 38 can also be offset in the direction of a rotation plane 39 of the rotating device 22 or can be located in this rotation plane 39. The attachment bearing point 38 is offset laterally outwardly relative to the attachment device 21, in particular the rotating device 22, or is assigned to an end face of the rotating device 22.

[0040] The coupling bearing point 37 and the attachment bearing point 38 are arranged at an angle ß to the rotation plane 39, which angle is determined by two fictitious straight lines 56, 57. The fictitious straight line 56 extends through the coupling bearing point 37 and the attachment bearing point 38. The fictitious straight line 57 extends through the rotation plane 39 or is aligned parallel to it. This can also lie in the cover surface 67, which is formed at least in sections, of the drive housing 66 of the rotating device 22. The attachment bearing point 38 can lie on the straight line 57 or lower in the direction of the rotation plane 39, preferably within a height formed by the straight line 57 and the rotation plane 39. The angle ß between the straight lines 56, 57 is preferably provided in a range of 15° to 60°. In particular, an angle ß of 30° is provided. This angle ß preferably corresponds to the angle α.

[0041] Figure 6 shows a schematic sectional view along line VI-VI according to Figure 4. The rotating device 22 has a bevel 69 between the top side or the connection plane 65 and an end face 68 of the rotating device 22. This bevel 69 can, for example, be inclined at an angle of 45° to the connection plane 65. Alternatively, the bevel 69 can also be provided at an angle to the connection plane 85. This bevel 69 makes it possible, in particular, for the attachment bearing point 38 of the cheeks 36 to be offset, on the one hand, closer to the rotating device 22 and / or, on the other hand, downwards relative to the connection plane 65. This arrangement has the particular advantage of enabling a reduced introduction of force from the stem 14 into the attachment device 21, whereby shear forces acting on the coupling device 33 of the attachment device 21 during operation can be reduced.

[0042] The coupling device 33 is preferably connected to the rotating device 22 by a screw connection 83. In particular, one or more connecting plates 34 rest on the upper side of the rotating device 22 and on the slope 69 of the rotating device 22 and are fixed in particular by the screw connection 83. This detachable arrangement of the coupling device 33 to the rotating device 22 also enables increased flexibility through a possible exchange of the coupling device 33 to the rotary drive 24 and the coupling 23.

[0043] By reducing the installation height of the attachment device 21, which can be achieved in particular by relocating the attachment bearing point 38 into the connection plane 65 or below in the direction of the rotation plane 39, the kinematics of the boom 14 and the attachment device 21 are improved to the extent that a loading height and / or a breakout force can be increased. This is particularly the case when the attachment bearing point 38 lies in the rotation plane 39. The attachment device 21 according to Figures 4 to 6 further has the advantage that the integration of the rotary drive 24 and the coupling 23 enables a reduction in the number of hydraulic connections for controlling an implement 25. For example, the number of connections in the coupling 23 can be reduced from five connections to three connections.Two of the ports serve a primary function, namely an inlet and a return port for the working fluid, specifically hydraulic oil. The third port is intended for a so-called leakage oil. The connection or integration of the coupling 23 into the rotary drive 24 allows the hydraulic ports required for controlling the rotary drive to be provided within the rotary drive 24 and / or the coupling 23 and permanently connected to one another.

[0044] Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the handle 14 according to Figure 3 and the attachment device 21 according to Figure 4, which is articulated thereto. The fork-shaped connection 20 is provided between the pivoting kinematics 27 and the attachment device 21. The pivoting kinematics 27 comprises two deflectors 28, each positioned towards an outer side of the handle section 51 and mounted in the deflector axis 29. Opposite each other, these deflectors 28 engage the pivot axis 35 of the pivoting kinematics 27. The coupling 31 of the pivoting kinematics 27 is fork-shaped. The coupling 31 has two coupling arms 64 pointing towards the attachment device 21. These coupling arms 64 preferably each engage an outer side of the cheek 36 of the coupling device 33. The respective ends of the coupling arms 64 are pivotally mounted on the coupling bearing point 37, preferably by a bolt. Opposite the coupling arms 64, the coupling 31 comprises, for example, a coupling stem 65.This coupling rod 65 is narrower in width than the distance between the two coupling arms 64. The coupling rod 65 can include a recess so that a piston rod of the pressure cylinder 16 can be positioned therebetween and engages the pivot axis 35. The height HK of the coupling bearing point 37 and the attachment bearing point 38 of the coupling device 33 advantageously corresponds to the height HS of the offset rod section 51, which is formed by the distance between the attachment axis 17 and the deflector axis 29. The offset rod section 51 is positioned between the cheeks 36. The attachment axis 17 of the offset rod section 51 is aligned with the attachment bearing point 38, so that they are pivotally connected to one another by a bearing pin.

[0045] In this embodiment, the deflectors 28 are, for example, straight. This allows for higher forces to be absorbed. This embodiment is preferably used in compact excavators or medium-sized or large excavators. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the deflectors 28 are C-shaped or curved. This embodiment is preferably used in mini-excavators.

[0046] Figure 8 shows a schematic side view of the handle 14 with the attachment device 21 in a first pivoting or working position. Figure 9 shows the handle 14 with the attachment device 21 in a further pivoting or working position, different from the arrangement in Figure 7.

[0047] The handle 14 with the offset handle section 51 enables the attachment device 21 to be pivoted relative to the fictitious straight line 53 at a pivot angle A of up to 60° toward the underside 43 of the handle 14. Due to the offset mounting bearing point 38 relative to the coupling bearing point 37 and the offset handle section 51, the rotating device 22 can be positioned with respect to its rotation axis almost parallel or parallel to the fictitious straight line 52.

[0048] Figure 9 shows the further pivoting position of the attachment device 21 in the opposite direction to that in Figure 8. A pivoting angle B of up to 160° can be assumed relative to the imaginary straight line 53 through the deflector axis 29. This pivoting position can be assumed by the offset stem section 51. This results in a pivoting angle of up to 220° between the attachment device 21 and the offset stem section 51.

[0049] Figure 10 shows a perspective view from above of an alternative embodiment of the handle 14 according to Figure 2. In this embodiment according to Figure 8, the cranked handle section 51 is designed differently from the embodiment in Figure 3. The cranked handle section 51 is fork-shaped. The cranked handle section 51 comprises two fork arms 61. Both the deflector axis 29 and the attachment axis 17 are provided in the fork arms 61. With regard to the height HS and the angle α between the fictitious straight lines 52 and 53, the same applies to this cranked, fork-shaped handle section 51 as for the embodiment according to Figure 2. Alternatively, the deflector axis 29 can also be located outside the cranked handle section 51 or in the transition area between the handle 14 and the cranked handle section 51.

[0050] Figure 11 shows an alternative embodiment of the attachment device 21 to Figure 4. The attachment bearing point 38 arranged on the cheeks 36 is adapted accordingly for connection to the fork-shaped cranked stem section 51.

[0051] Figure 12 shows a perspective view of the handle 14 with the attachment device 21 pivotably mounted thereon. The outer fork ends of the fork-shaped, offset handle section 51 engage the cheeks 36 on the outside for an articulated connection to the attachment bearing point 38. The deflector 28 of the pivot kinematics 27 engages at one end on the deflector axis 29 on the offset handle section 51 and oppositely on the coupling point 37. In this embodiment, the pivot kinematics 27 has a coupling 31, which is, for example, rod-shaped. Alternatively, it can also be provided that in this embodiment according to Figure 12, the coupling 31 can also be designed as a fork-shaped coupling 31 with two coupling arms 64.Preferably, the coupling 31 can be designed as a welded construction in which two rod-shaped sheets are connected to a web, preferably also made of sheet metal, wherein the rod-shaped sheets engage both the pivot axis 35 and the coupling bearing point 37. Alternatively, the welded construction can also be designed as a cast construction.

[0052] As in the embodiment according to Figures 1 to 9, this fork-shaped cranked stem section 51 creates an analogously large pivoting range.

Claims

Claims Stick for an excavator (11), with an attachment axis (17) provided at a stick end (48), on which an attachment device (21) with a coupling device (33) can be arranged pivotably about the attachment axis (17) on the stick (14), wherein a working device (25) can be fastened to the attachment device (21), with a stick main section (50) which comprises a stick bearing point (41) and a further stick bearing point (42) for a stick cylinder (18), which are arranged offset from one another and provided opposite to the stick end (48) of the stick (14), with a pressure cylinder bearing (46) for a pressure cylinder (16), which is provided on an upper side (45) of the stick main section (50), with a deflector axis (29) for a deflector (28) of a pivoting kinematics (27), wherein the deflector axis (29) is closer to the attachment axis (17) than to the Handle bearing point (41) is positioned, characterized in that - that the stem end (48) comprises a cranked stem section (51) in which the mounting axis (17) is positioned, and that the cranked stem section (51) is cranked upwards relative to the upper side (45) of the main stem section (50). Handle according to claim 1, characterized in that the deflector axis (29) is provided in the transition region between the main handle section (50) and the offset handle section (51), or in that the deflector axis (29) is provided in the offset handle section (51). Handle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the offset handle section (51) is arranged at an angle (α) to the main handle section (50), and the angle (α) is determined by two fictitious straight lines (52, 53), wherein one fictitious straight line (52) extends through the attachment axis (17) and the deflector axis (29), and the other fictitious straight line (53) extends through the deflector axis (29) and is aligned parallel to the underside (43) of the main handle section (50) or extends through the deflector axis (29) and the bearing point (41) of the main handle section (50).Handle according to claim 3, characterized in that the cranked handle section (51) is cranked upwards at an angle (α) of 15° to 45°, preferably 25° to 35°, relative to the underside (43) or the upper side (45) of the main handle section (50). Handle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the attachment axis (17) in the cranked handle section (51) is arranged at a distance (HS) from the deflector axis (29), and preferably the attachment axis (17) lies above the upper side (45) of the main handle section (50). Handle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling device (33) is articulated to an attachment bearing point (38) on the attachment axis (17) of the cranked handle section (51) and a coupling bearing point (37) is provided on the coupling device (33), on which a coupling (31) of the pivoting kinematics (27) and the attachment bearing point (38) engage. is arranged offset relative to the coupling bearing point (37) in the direction of a rotary drive (22) of the attachment device (21). Handle according to claim 6, characterized in that the attachment bearing points (38) are arranged offset from one another by a height (HK) relative to the coupling bearing point (37). Handle according to one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the height (HK) between the coupling bearing point (37) and the attachment bearing point (38) corresponds to the height (HS) between the attachment axis (17) and the deflector axis (29) of the cranked handle section (51).Handle according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the attachment bearing point (38) and the coupling bearing point (37) are arranged at an angle (ß) to a rotation plane (39) of the rotary drive (22) or parallel to the rotation plane (39) of the rotary drive (22), which angle is formed by two fictitious straight lines (56, 57), wherein one fictitious straight line (56) extends through the coupling bearing point (37) and the attachment bearing point (38) and the other fictitious straight line (57) lies in the rotation plane (39) or is aligned parallel thereto and extends through the attachment bearing point (38). Handle according to claim 9, characterized in that the fictitious straight lines (56, 57) are arranged at an angle (ß) of 15° to 45°, preferably 25° to 35°.Handle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cranked handle section (51) has a length of less than 20% of the total length of the handle (14), and preferably the length of the cranked handle section (51) extends from the deflector axis (29) to the free end of the cranked handle section (51). Handle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bent handle section (51) is rod-shaped, box-shaped, tubular, or designed as a stiffening profile. Handle according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the bent handle section (51) is fork-shaped and has two spaced-apart fork arms (61) that extend to the free end (48) of the bent handle section (51). Handle according to claim 13, characterized in that the deflector axis (29) and the mounting axis (17) lie in the fork-shaped bent handle section (51).

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