Electric motor, vehicle equipped with said electric motor, and method for operating the electric motor

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric motor (1) comprising: - a rotor (2); and - a stator (3), said rotor (2) being rotatable relative to the stator (3) about a rotational axis (5). Furthermore, a first row (7) of coils comprising a plurality of first coils (8) is provided, said first coils (8) being arranged on the rotor (2) or on the stator (3) in a distributed manner about the rotational axis (5) in a first regular pattern, and a second row (9) of coils comprising a plurality of second coils (10) is provided, said second coils (10) being arranged on the rotor (2) or on the stator (3) in a distributed manner about the rotational axis (5) in a second regular pattern. The first row (7) of coils and the second row (9) of coils are spatially separated on the same component selected from the rotor (2) or the stator (3), and the second coils (10) of the second row (9) of coils can be energized independently of the first coils (8) of the first row (7) of coils.

Description

[0001] ELECTRIC MOTOR, AS WELL AS A VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH THE ELECTRIC MOTOR, AS WELL AS A METHOD FOR OPERATING THE ELECTRIC MOTOR

[0002] The invention relates to an electric motor, a vehicle equipped with the electric motor, and a method for operating the electric motor.

[0003] DE2511452A1 discloses an electric motor.

[0004] The electric motor known from DE2511452A1 is of inadequate quality.

[0005] The object of the present invention was to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an electric motor with an improved design. Furthermore, a vehicle equipped with the electric motor and an improved method for operating the electric motor are to be created.

[0006] This object is achieved by a device and a method according to the claims.

[0007] According to the invention, an electric motor is designed. The electric motor comprises:

[0008] - a rotor;

[0009] - a stator;

[0010] - an axis of rotation, whereby the rotor can be rotated relative to the stator about the axis of rotation.

[0011] Furthermore, a first coil row is formed with a plurality of first coils, wherein the first coils are arranged on the rotor or on the stator in a first regular pattern distributed around the rotational axis. Furthermore, a second coil row is formed with a plurality of second coils, wherein the second coils are arranged on the rotor or on the stator in a second regular pattern distributed around the rotational axis, spatially separated from the first coil row, wherein the second coils of the second coil row can be energized independently of the first coils of the first coil row.

[0012] The electric motor according to the invention has the advantage that the inventive design with two rows of coils allows a large number of operating modes and the electric motor can therefore be used in a variety of ways.

[0013] The term "on the same component" selected from the rotor or stator has the following meaning: If the first row of coils is located on the rotor, the second row of coils is also located on the rotor. If the first row of coils is located on the stator, the second row of coils is also located on the stator.

[0014] The plurality of first coils of the first coil row can be indexed and thus identified as individual coils. Such indexing can be structured as follows: first first coil, second first coil, third first coil, fourth first coil, and so on.

[0015] The plurality of second coils of the second coil row can be indexed and thus identified as individual coils. Such indexing can be structured as follows: first second coil, second second coil, third second coil, fourth second coil, and so on.

[0016] Furthermore, it may be expedient if all of the first coils of the first coil row are arranged offset from the nearest second coil of the second coil row at an offset angle around the rotation axis. This has the advantage that this measure can achieve improved operating behavior of the electric motor.

[0017] In other words, the first coils of the first coil row and the second coils of the second coil row can have the same regular pattern with respect to the angular distribution when arranged around the rotation axis. The regular pattern of the second coils of the second coil row can be offset by the offset angle from the regular pattern of the first coils of the first coil row. Thus, the first coil can be arranged offset from the first coil by the offset angle.

[0018] Furthermore, it can be provided that first iron cores are inserted into the first coils, in particular that the first iron cores each have a first laminated core stack with a plurality of first laminates arranged one above the other, wherein the first iron cores are U-shaped with a first leg and a second leg and a first base connecting the two legs, and wherein the first leg of the first iron cores is in each case arranged within one of the first coils, and that second iron cores are inserted into the second coils, in particular that the second iron cores each have a second laminated core stack with a plurality of second laminates arranged one above the other, wherein the second iron cores are U-shaped with a first leg and a second leg and a second base connecting the two legs, and wherein the first leg of the second iron cores is in each case arranged within the second coils.This has the surprising advantage of improving the efficiency of the electric motor. In particular, the construction of the iron cores from sheet metal can simplify manufacturing.

[0019] Furthermore, the offset angle can be selected such that the second leg of the second iron core is arranged as an extension of the first leg of the first iron core, and the first leg of the second iron core is arranged as an extension of the second leg of the first iron core. These measures can further improve the course of the magnetic field lines, thereby further increasing the efficiency of the electric motor.

[0020] Another advantageous embodiment is one in which the individual first coils of the first coil row can be energized completely independently of one another. This measure allows for precise angular positioning of the rotor relative to the stator. Furthermore, this measure allows for easy adjustment of the rotational speed.

[0021] In an alternative embodiment, the individual first coils of the first coil row can be combined into energization groups, with the first coils of one energization group being energized together and the different energization groups being energized independently of one another. This measure allows for precise angular positioning of the rotor relative to the stator. Furthermore, this measure allows for easy adjustment of the rotational speed.

[0022] In particular, it can be provided that the first coils of the first coil row are combined into a first energization group, a second energization group, and a third energization group. The individual first coils can thus be assigned to the energization groups as follows: first first coil - first energization group; second first coil - second energization group; third first coil - third energization group; fourth first coil - first energization group; fifth first coil - second energization group; sixth first coil - third energization group; and so on.

[0023] In particular, it can be provided that the first coil row and the second coil row comprise the same number of coils. In particular, it can be provided that the number of coils can be divided by three as an integer.

[0024] In particular, the first coil row can comprise twelve coils, with four of the coils being combined to form the first current supply group, four of the coils being combined to form the second current supply group, and four of the coils being combined to form the third current supply group. Such a design of the electric motor provides a surprising advantage with regard to the ratio of motor power to motor weight.

[0025] According to a further development, it is possible to design a parking brake in which a braking element is arranged on the stator so as to be displaceable, in particular displaceable in the axial direction, the braking element being designed for positive engagement with a shaped recess on the rotor. This measure can further improve the universal applicability of the electric motor. In particular, in conjunction with the expanded application possibilities of the first and second coil rows, the parking brake offers surprising technical advantages in use. Especially when the electric motor is used in a vehicle, the integration of a parking brake makes an external parking brake unnecessary. This allows the overall structure of the vehicle to be kept as simple as possible.

[0026] Furthermore, it may be advantageous if a toothing is formed on the brake element and a counter-toothing is formed on the rotor, wherein the toothing can be brought into positive engagement with the counter-toothing. In particular, a parking brake designed in this way can be activated in any position by the toothing, thereby enabling the rotor to be locked in almost any position.

[0027] Furthermore, it can be provided that the first coils of the first coil row are controlled by a first circuit board and the second coils of the second coil row are controlled by a second circuit board, wherein the first coil row and the second coil row are designed for redundant operation. This measure can increase the reliability of the electric motor. In particular, this measure can enable the electric motor to be used in safety-critical applications. If, for example, the electric motor is used for operation in a vehicle and the electric motor is used to provide the necessary braking energy, it may be necessary or unavoidable from a safety perspective for the electric motor to have redundancy, thus creating a redundant braking system. In applications known to date, a separate and independently designed emergency braking system was always used.Due to the inventive design of the electric motor, a separately designed emergency braking system can be omitted, whereby sufficient reliability can be achieved due to the redundancy of the electric motor.

[0028] Additionally, several electric motors can be installed in one vehicle. The individual electric motors can be designed to be redundant. This can be the case, for example, if the electric motors are designed as wheel hub motors.

[0029] Furthermore, it can be provided that the first coil row and the second coil row are arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction on the stator, wherein, viewed in the axial direction, a central rotor disk of the rotor is arranged between the first coil row and the second coil row, wherein the rotor is designed as an internal rotor, wherein central rotor disk magnets are arranged on the rotor disk in a first regular pattern distributed around the axis of rotation, wherein the rotor disk magnets are designed to interact with the first coils of the first coil row and the second coils of the second coil row,wherein the rotor disk magnets in a first arrangement each have a south pole facing the first coil row and a north pole facing the second coil row, and wherein the rotor disk magnets in a second arrangement each have a north pole facing the first coil row and a south pole facing the second coil row, in particular that the first arrangement of the rotor disk magnets and the second arrangement of the rotor disk magnets alternate. Such a configuration has a particularly simple structure and is thus easy to manufacture and, moreover, very robust.

[0030] In particular, it can be provided that the rotor disk magnets are cylindrical. Furthermore, it can be provided that a central axis of the cylindrical rotor disk magnets is parallel to the rotation axis.

[0031] Of course, the rotor disk magnets can also be constructed differently, for example, with a rectangular cross-section. According to a particular embodiment, it is possible for the first coil row and the second coil row to be arranged on the stator at a distance from one another in the axial direction. The rotor is designed as an external rotor and has a first end wall and a second end wall, with the first coil row being assigned to the first end wall and the second coil row being assigned to the second end wall. An electric motor designed in this way has a high power density.

[0032] According to an advantageous development, the rotor can be provided with first air gaps arranged in the first end wall in a first regular pattern distributed around the rotational axis and designed as a reluctance rotor. An electric motor designed in this way has a simple structure and is therefore less prone to failure and, moreover, cost-effective to manufacture.

[0033] In particular, it can be advantageous if first end wall magnets are arranged on the first end wall in a first regular pattern distributed around the axis of rotation, wherein the first end wall magnets are designed to interact with the first coils of the first coil row, wherein the first end wall magnets in a first end wall magnet arrangement each have a south pole facing the first coil row and a north pole facing away from the first coil row, and wherein the first end wall magnets in a second end wall magnet arrangement each have a north pole facing the first coil row and a south pole facing away from the first coil row, in particular that the first arrangement of the first end wall magnets and the second arrangement of the first end wall magnets alternate. This has the advantage that the performance of the electric motor can be further improved by this measure.

[0034] Furthermore, it can be provided that second end wall magnets are arranged on the second end wall in a second regular pattern distributed around the axis of rotation, wherein the second end wall magnets are designed to interact with the second coils of the second coil row, wherein the second end wall magnets in a second end wall magnet arrangement each have a south pole facing the second coil row and a north pole facing away from the second coil row, and wherein the second end wall magnets in a second end wall magnet arrangement each have a north pole facing the second coil row and a south pole facing away from the second coil row, in particular that the first arrangement of the second end wall magnets and the second arrangement of the second end wall magnets alternate. This has the advantage that the performance of the electric motor can be further improved by this measure.

[0035] In particular, it can be provided that the end wall magnets are cylindrical. Furthermore, it can be provided that a central axis of the cylindrical rotor disk magnets is parallel to the rotation axis.

[0036] Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that first jacket magnets are arranged on a jacket radially outer to the first coils, distributed in a first regular pattern around the axis of rotation, wherein the first jacket magnets are designed to interact with the first coils of the first coil row, wherein the first jacket magnets in a first jacket magnet arrangement each have a south pole facing the first coil row and a north pole facing away from the first coil row, and wherein the first jacket magnets in a second jacket magnet arrangement each have a north pole facing the first coil row and a south pole facing away from the first coil row, in particular that the first arrangement of the first jacket magnets and the second arrangement of the first jacket magnets alternate. This has the advantage that the performance of the electric motor can be further improved by this measure.

[0037] Furthermore, it can be provided that second jacket magnets are arranged on a jacket radially outer to the second coils, distributed in a second regular pattern around the axis of rotation, wherein the second jacket magnets are designed to interact with the second coils of the second coil row, wherein the second jacket magnets in a first jacket magnet arrangement each have a south pole facing the second coil row and a north pole facing away from the second coil row, and wherein the second jacket magnets in a second jacket magnet arrangement each have a north pole facing the second coil row and a south pole facing away from the second coil row, in particular that the first arrangement of the second jacket magnets and the second arrangement of the second jacket magnets alternate. This has the advantage that the performance of the electric motor can be further improved by this measure.

[0038] Furthermore, it can be provided that the first end wall of the rotor has a shaped element, wherein a motor connection component is coupled to the shaped element of the rotor, in particular that the shaped element is designed in the form of one or more pins protruding axially from the first end wall. This has the advantage that this measure can reduce the overall number of components. In particular, it can be provided that the pins protruding axially from the first end wall have a thread and can thus serve to receive a rim. In particular, it can be provided that a centering shoulder is arranged in a central region of the rotor. The centering shoulder can serve to center the rim.

[0039] In particular, it can be provided that a motor designed in this way is used as a wheel hub motor.

[0040] A motor connection component can be a component to which the motor is coupled or which is driven by the motor, such as the rim.

[0041] Furthermore, it can be provided that the first iron cores are inserted into the first coils in such a way that an open end of the first leg facing away from the first base and an open end of the second leg facing away from the first base of the first iron cores face toward the first end wall. This measure can further improve the performance of the electric motor.

[0042] Another advantageous embodiment is one in which a motor housing can be provided, with a temperature sensor arranged within this motor housing. This measure can improve the monitorability and thus the durability of the electric motor.

[0043] According to a further development, it is possible for a position sensor to be arranged on the rotor. In particular, a sensor can be provided that interacts with the position sensor. This measure allows the speed and position of the rotor to be monitored with high accuracy.

[0044] In particular, it can be provided that the position sensor is designed in the form of a disk with flanks arranged around the circumference. Furthermore, it can be provided that a position sensor is formed, which serves to detect the position of the position sensor. In particular, it can be provided that the position sensor is designed in the form of a Hall sensor, which detects each of the flanks. In an alternative embodiment, it is also conceivable that the permanent magnets of the motor are used as position sensors for the position sensor, in particular the Hall sensor.

[0045] Furthermore, it may be expedient for the first coil row and the second coil row to be arranged radially spaced from one another on the stator. In particular, an electric motor designed in this way can have a short design in the axial direction and thus be installed in various applications where space is limited. In particular, it can be provided that the first coils are arranged at a first diameter and that the second coils are arranged at a second diameter.

[0046] Furthermore, a braking surface can be formed directly on the rotor, with a brake pad arranged on the stator for frictional engagement with the braking surface. This offers the advantage that the electric motor can also be used as a mechanical brake. This further increases operational reliability. For example, when using the electric motor as a wheel hub motor, this measure can achieve sufficient operational reliability.

[0047] Furthermore, it can be provided that the rotor comprises a first rotor disk and a second rotor disk, wherein the first rotor disk and the second rotor disk are arranged at a distance from one another, wherein the first row of coils is assigned to the first rotor disk and wherein the second row of coils is assigned to the second rotor disk, wherein a first slotted guide is formed in the first rotor disk and a second slotted guide is formed in the second rotor disk, wherein a guide pin is formed which is guided in the first slotted guide and in the second slotted guide, wherein the guide pin is coupled to a connecting piece which extends radially outwards between the first rotor disk and the second rotor disk. This brings with it additional application possibilities for the electric motor.

[0048] According to the invention, a vehicle is designed. The vehicle comprises an electric motor designed according to one of the above embodiments. In particular, it can be provided that the electric motor is designed as a wheel hub motor.

[0049] The use of the electric motor according to the invention as a vehicle motor, particularly as a wheel hub motor, offers the advantage that this measure can surprisingly improve vehicle safety. This can be attributed to the redundancy of the electric motor and its diverse application possibilities.

[0050] According to the invention, a method for operating the electric motor is provided. The second coils of the second coil row are energized in different operating modes independently of the first coils of the first coil row.

[0051] The method according to the invention has the advantage that a large number of operating modes are possible and the electric motor can therefore be used in a variety of ways.

[0052] According to a particular embodiment, it is possible that in a normal operating mode, the first coils of the first coil row and the second coils of the second coil row are energized in such a way that the first coils of the first coil row and the second coils of the second coil row serve to apply a drive torque to the rotor; that in a recuperation mode, the first coils of the first coil row and the second coils of the second coil row are energized in such a way that the first coils of the first coil row and the second coils of the second coil row serve to apply a braking torque to the rotor, wherein the energy generated thereby is fed into the power grid or temporarily stored in an accumulator;that in a hybrid mode, the first coils of the first coil row and the second coils of the second coil row are energized such that the first coils of the first coil row serve to apply a braking torque to the rotor and, at the same time, the second coils of the second coil row serve to apply a driving torque to the rotor, the energy generated in the first coil row being used in the second coil row;

[0053] Operating the electric motor in the aforementioned operating modes is advantageous in a variety of applications. These operating modes are particularly advantageous when used in vehicles, particularly as a wheel hub motor.

[0054] For a better understanding of the invention, it is explained in more detail using the following figures.

[0055] They each show in a highly simplified, schematic representation: Fig. 1 a first embodiment of an electric motor with a motor housing in half section;

[0056] Fig. 2 is a detailed view of the first embodiment of the electric motor;

[0057] Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the electric motor with the motor housing in half section;

[0058] Fig. 4 shows a third embodiment of the electric motor with air gaps instead of magnets;

[0059] Fig. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the electric motor with a radially inner and a radially outer coil row;

[0060] Fig. 6 shows a fifth embodiment of the electric motor with a slotted guide;

[0061] Fig. 7 shows a sixth embodiment of the electric motor with a mechanical friction brake.

[0062] By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the variously described embodiments, identical parts are provided with identical reference symbols or component designations. The disclosures contained throughout the description can be applied analogously to identical parts with identical reference symbols or component designations. Furthermore, the positional information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc., refers to the directly described and illustrated figure, and these positional information must be applied analogously to the new position in the event of a change in position.

[0063] Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of an electric motor 1. The electric motor 1 comprises a rotor 2 and a stator 3. As can be seen from Fig. 1, the electric motor 1 can be designed as an internal rotor. The stator 3 can comprise a motor housing 4. In particular, the motor housing 4 can comprise several individual components. For the sake of clarity, the motor housing 4 is shown in a half-section in Fig. 1, so that the internal components of the electric motor 1 are visible.

[0064] Furthermore, it can be provided that the rotor 2 is rotatable about a rotation axis 5 relative to the stator 3. Furthermore, it can be provided that a rotor shaft 6 is formed, which serves to couple components to be driven to the electric motor 1. As can also be seen from Fig. 1, it can be provided that a first coil row 7 with a plurality of first coils 8 and a second coil row 9 with a plurality of second coils 10 are coupled to the stator 3.

[0065] The individual first coils 8 of the first coil row 7 can be arranged in a regular pattern around the rotation axis 5. In particular, it can be provided that the individual first coils 8 each have the same design. The individual first coils 8 distributed over the circumference can also have an individually indexed designation, for example, a first first coil 8.1, a second first coil 8.2, a third first coil 8.3, etc.

[0066] Fig. 2 shows a detailed section from Fig. 1, with Fig. 2 showing the individual coils 8, 10 and the structure of the coils 8, 10. For clarity, one of the second coils 10 is hidden in Fig. 2. Another of the second coils 10 and also one of the first coils 8 is shown in a half-section, so that the components described below are visible.

[0067] As can be clearly seen in Fig. 2, a first iron core 11 can be provided. The first iron core 11 can comprise a first laminated core 12 made up of several individual first laminates 13. The individual first laminates 13 can be arranged congruently stacked one above the other.

[0068] In particular, it can be provided that the first iron core 11 has a first leg 14 and a second leg 15. The first leg 14 and the second leg 15 can be arranged parallel to one another. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first leg 14 and the second leg 15 are coupled to one another by means of a first base 16. In particular, it can be provided that the first leg 14, the second leg 15, and the base 16 are U-shaped. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first coil 8 surrounds the first leg 14.

[0069] Furthermore, it can be provided that a second iron core 17 is formed. The second iron core 17 can comprise a second laminated core 18 made up of a plurality of individual second laminates 19. The individual second laminates 19 can be arranged congruently one above the other. In particular, it can be provided that the second iron core 17 has a first leg 20 and a second leg 21. The first leg 20 and the second leg 21 can be arranged parallel to one another. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first leg 20 and the second leg 21 are coupled to one another by means of a second base 22. In particular, it can be provided that the first leg 20, the second leg 21 and the base 16 are U-shaped. Furthermore, it can be provided that the second coil 10 surrounds the first leg 20.

[0070] The first leg 14 and the second leg 15 of the first iron core 11 and the first leg 20 and the second leg 22 of the second iron core 17 can face each other at their open end.

[0071] In particular, it can be provided that the first coils 8 are screwed to the motor housing 4 by means of the first iron cores 17, and the second coils 10 are screwed to the motor housing 4 by means of the second iron cores 17. In this case, the first iron cores 17 and the second iron cores 17, respectively, can be screwed directly to the motor housing 4.

[0072] In particular, it can be provided that the first leg 14 of the first iron core 11 and the second leg 21 of the second iron core 17 are arranged opposite one another or in extension of one another. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first leg 20 of the second iron core 17 and the second leg 15 of the first iron core 11 are arranged opposite one another or in alignment with one another. Thus, it can be provided that the first coil 8.1 and the first coil 10.1 are arranged at an offset angle 23 to one another. The offset angle 23 results from the distance between the first leg 14 and the second leg 15 of the first iron core 11.

[0073] As clearly shown in Fig. 2, it can be provided that the first coil 8 and the first iron core 11, as well as the second coil 10 and the second iron core 17, are of identical construction. In particular, it can be provided that the second coil 10 and the second iron core 17 are installed rotated by 180° relative to the first coil 8 and the first iron core 11.

[0074] 1 and 2, it can be provided that a central rotor disk 24 is formed, which, as part of the rotor 2, is rotatable about the rotation axis 5. Rotor disk magnets 25 can be arranged in the central rotor disk 24. The rotor disk magnets 25 can penetrate the central rotor disk 24 in the axial direction. Furthermore, it can be provided that the rotor disk magnets 25 are arranged alternately in the central rotor disk 24 such that the north pole of one of the rotor disk magnets 25 is assigned to the first coil row 7 and the south pole of this rotor disk magnet 25 is assigned to the second coil row 9. The adjacent rotor disk magnet 25 can be designed such that the south pole of this adjacent rotor disk magnet 25 faces the first coil row 7 and the north pole of this adjacent rotor disk magnet 25 faces the second coil row 9.

[0075] The first leg 14 and the second leg 15 of the first iron core 11 can face the central rotor disk 24 at their open ends facing away from the first base 16. In particular, it can be provided that the first iron core 11, together with the central rotor disk 24 or together with the rotor disk magnets 25 arranged in the central rotor disk 24, serves to form the magnetic field lines.

[0076] As can also be seen from Fig. 2, it can be provided that a parking brake 26 is formed in the electric motor 1. In this case, it can be provided that a braking element 27 is received on the stator 3 so as to be displaceable in the axial direction. Furthermore, it can be provided that a shaped recess 28 is formed on the rotor 2, wherein the braking element 27 can be brought into positive engagement with the shaped recess 28 by axial displacement. In the present exemplary embodiment, a toothing 29 is formed on the braking element 27. A mating toothing 30 is formed on the rotor 2 and can interact with the toothing 29. In particular, it can be provided that the mating toothing 30 is arranged on the central rotor disk 24.

[0077] Of course, the parking brake 26 can also be designed differently in a different configuration.

[0078] As schematically indicated in Fig. 1, it can be provided that a first circuit board 31 and a second circuit board 32 are formed. The first circuit board 31 can serve to control the first row of coils 7 and the second circuit board 32 can serve to control the second row of coils 9. The first circuit board 31 and the second circuit board 32 can serve independently of one another to control the respective rows of coils, so that the electric motor 1 can have redundancy for safe operation. In particular, it can be provided that the first circuit board 31 and the second circuit board 32 are controlled by a common controller. In an alternative embodiment, it can be provided that a separate controller is each designed to control the first circuit board 31 and the second circuit board 32.

[0079] Furthermore, a temperature sensor 33 can be arranged within the motor housing 4. The temperature sensor 33 can be used to determine the internal temperature in the motor housing 4.

[0080] As further evident from Fig. 1, a position sensor 34 can be provided, which, together with a corresponding sensor, can be used to determine the angular position of the rotor 2. In particular, the position sensor 34 can be designed in the form of a disk having individual flanks with a toothing similar to a shape s on its outer circumference. The sensor can detect a rising flank and, based on the pitch of the flanks, calculate the current angular position.

[0081] Fig. 3 shows a further and possibly independent embodiment of the electric motor 1, wherein the same reference numerals or component designations are used for the same parts as in the preceding Figs. 1 and 2. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding Figs. 1 and 2.

[0082] The second embodiment of the electric motor 1 from Fig. 3 is shown in a view analogous to Fig. 1.

[0083] As can be seen from Fig. 3, the electric motor 1 can be designed as an external rotor motor. In particular, the motor housing 4 of the external rotor motor can be designed as part of the rotor 2.

[0084] Furthermore, it can be provided that a first end wall 35 is formed and that a second end wall 36 is formed. The first end wall 35 can be assigned to the first coil row 7, and the second end wall 36 can be assigned to the second coil row 9.

[0085] The first end wall 35 and the second end wall 36 can be rigidly coupled to the motor housing 4, or the first end wall 35 and the second end wall 36 can be formed directly in the motor housing 4 and thus form part of the rotor 2. As can also be seen from Fig. 3, it can be provided that first end wall magnets 37 are arranged in the first end wall 35. Furthermore, it can be provided that second end wall magnets 38 are arranged on the second end wall 36.

[0086] The first end wall magnets 37 can be arranged alternately in the first end wall

[0087] 35 can be arranged such that the north pole of one of the first end wall magnets 37 is assigned to the first coil row 7, and the south pole of this first end wall magnet 37 faces outwards. The adjacent first end wall magnet 37 can be designed such that the south pole of this adjacent first end wall magnet 37 faces the first coil row 7, and the north pole of this adjacent first end wall magnet 37 faces outwards.

[0088] Analogously, the second end wall magnets 38 can be arranged alternately in the second end wall

[0089] 36 may be arranged.

[0090] As further indicated in Fig. 3, in addition to or alternatively to the end wall magnets 37, 38, first shell magnets 50 and second shell magnets 51 can be arranged in the motor housing 4. The first shell magnets 50 can be arranged radially outward of the first coil row 7. The second shell magnets 51 can be arranged radially outward of the second coil row 10.

[0091] Furthermore, it can be provided that a shaped element 39 is coupled to the first end wall 35 or to the motor housing 4, which serves for driving or for the positive torque transmission to a motor connection component. In particular, it can be provided that the shaped element 39 is designed in the form of pins protruding axially from the first end wall 35. If the electric motor 1 is designed, for example, as a wheel hub motor, it can be provided that the shaped elements 39 are designed as threaded pins and serve directly to receive a rim.

[0092] As can further be seen from Fig. 3, it can be provided that the first coil row 7 and the second coil row 9 are arranged axially between the first end wall 35 and the second end wall 36.

[0093] Furthermore, it can be provided that the first base 16 of the first iron core 11 and the second base 22 of the second iron core 17 face each other. Furthermore, the first leg 14 and the second leg 15 of the first iron core 11 can face the first end wall 35 and be open toward the first end wall 35. Furthermore, the first leg 20 and the second leg 22 of the second iron core 17 can face the second end wall 36 and be open toward the second end wall 36.

[0094] As can further be seen from Fig. 3, it can be provided that the stator 3 comprises a carrier component 40 which is arranged between the first coil row 7 and the second coil row 9 and serves to receive the first coil row 7 and the second coil row 9.

[0095] Fig. 4 shows a further and possibly independent embodiment of the electric motor 1, wherein the same reference numerals or component designations are used for the same parts as in the preceding Figs. 1 to 3. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding Figs. 1 to 3.

[0096] Fig. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a modification of the external rotor motor from Fig. 3, which may have a fundamentally similar structure to the electric motor 1 from Fig. 3. As can be seen from Fig. 4, it can be provided that a plurality of first air gaps 41 are arranged in the first end wall 35, distributed over the circumference. These first air gaps 41 can be formed instead of the first end wall magnets 37. A reluctance motor can be formed by such an arrangement of first air gaps 41.

[0097] Analogous to the first end wall 35, exhaust gaps can also be arranged in the second end wall 36.

[0098] Fig. 5 shows a further and possibly independent embodiment of the electric motor 1, wherein the same reference numerals or component designations are used for the same parts as in the preceding Figs. 1 to 4. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding Figs. 1 to 4.

[0099] As can be seen from Fig. 5, in this further configuration, the first coil row 7 can be arranged radially outwardly around the second coil row 9. The individual first coils 8 or the individual second coils 10 can be designed as in the previous exemplary embodiments. For the sake of simplicity, reference is made to the previously mentioned embodiments regarding the structure of the coils 8, 10.

[0100] In the embodiment according to Fig. 5, it can be provided that the first iron cores 11 and the second iron cores 17 have the same orientation. In particular, it can be provided that both first end wall magnets 37 for interacting with the first coil 8 and second end wall magnets 38 for interacting with the second coils 10 are arranged in the first end wall 35.

[0101] The electric motor 1 according to Fig. 5 can also be designed as an external rotor.

[0102] Fig. 6 shows a further and possibly independent embodiment of the electric motor 1, wherein the same reference numerals or component designations are used for the same parts as in the preceding Figs. 1 to 5. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding Figs. 1 to 5.

[0103] As can be seen in the exemplary embodiment of the electric motor 1 according to Fig. 6, it can be provided that a first rotor disk 42 and a second rotor disk 43 are formed. The first rotor disk 42 can be assigned to the first coil row 7. The second rotor disk 43 can be assigned to the second coil row 9. Furthermore, it can be provided that a first slotted guide 44 is formed in the first rotor disk 42. Furthermore, it can be provided that a second slotted guide 45 is formed in the second rotor disk 43.

[0104] Furthermore, it can be provided that a guide pin 46 is provided, which engages in the first slotted guide 44 and the second slotted guide 45. Furthermore, it can be provided that a connecting piece 47 is formed, which is coupled to the guide pin 46 and which extends outwards through the motor housing 4. In particular, it can be provided that the first slotted guide 44 and the second slotted guide 45 have an eccentric slotted track. By rotating the first rotor disk 42 and the second rotor disk 43 by means of the first coil row 7 and the second coil row 9, a radial displacement of the guide pin 46 can be achieved.

[0105] By coupling the connecting piece 47 to the guide pin 46, a radial displacement of the connecting piece 47 can be achieved, similar to a crankshaft. In particular, the first slotted guide 44 and the second slotted guide 45 can be arranged spirally in the first rotor disk 42 and the second rotor disk 43, respectively. This measure allows a radial displacement of the guide pin 46 to be achieved upon rotation of the rotor disk 42, 43.

[0106] Fig. 7 shows a further and possibly independent embodiment of the electric motor 1 in an exemplary sectional view, wherein the same reference numerals or component designations are used for the same parts as in the preceding Figs. 1 to 6. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding Figs. 1 to 6.

[0107] As can be seen from Fig. 7, it can be provided that a braking surface 48 is formed on the rotor 2, which serves to interact with a brake pad 49. In particular, it can be provided that the brake pad 49 is axially displaceably coupled to the motor housing 4 and is designed to press against the braking surface 48.

[0108] The embodiments show possible embodiments, whereby it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but rather various combinations of the individual embodiments with each other are also possible and this possibility of variation lies within the skill of the person skilled in the art in this technical field due to the teaching of technical action by means of the objective invention.

[0109] The scope of protection is determined by the claims. However, the description and drawings must be used to interpret the claims. Individual features or combinations of features from the various embodiments shown and described may represent independent inventive solutions. The problem underlying these independent inventive solutions can be derived from the description.

[0110] All information on value ranges in this description is to be understood as including any and all sub-ranges thereof, e.g. the information 1 to 10 is to be understood as including all sub-ranges starting from the lower limit of 1 and the upper limit of 10, ie all sub-ranges begin with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end with an upper limit of 10 or less, e.g. 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1, or 5.5 to 10.

[0111] For the sake of clarity, it should finally be pointed out that, in order to better understand the structure, some elements have been shown out of scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

[0112] Reference symbol list

[0113] Electric motor 29 gearing

[0114] Rotor 30 counter-toothing

[0115] Stator 31 first board

[0116] Motor housing 32 second board

[0117] Rotation axis 33 temperature sensor

[0118] Rotor shaft 34 Position sensor first coil row 35 first end wall first coil 36 second end wall second coil row 37 first end wall magnet second coil 38 second end wall magnet first iron core 39 Form element first laminated core 40 Support component first laminate 41 first air gap first leg first iron core 42 first rotor disc second leg first iron core 43 second rotor disc first base first iron core 44 first link guide second iron core 45 second link guide second laminated core 46 Guide pin second laminate 47 Connecting piece first leg second iron core 48 Braking surface second leg second iron 49 Brake pad core 50 first jacket magnet second base second iron core 51 second jacket magnet

[0119] Offset angle central rotor disc

[0120] Rotor disc magnet

[0121] parking brake

[0122] Brake element

[0123] mold recess

Claims

Patent claims 1. Electric motor (1) comprising: - a rotor (2); - a stator (3), wherein the rotor (2) is rotatable relative to the stator (3) about a rotation axis (5), characterized in that a first coil row (7) is formed with a plurality of first coils (8), wherein the first coils (8) are arranged on the rotor (2) or on the stator (3) in a first regular pattern distributed around the rotation axis (5), and in that a second coil row (9) is formed with a plurality of second coils (10), wherein the second coils (10) are arranged on the rotor (2) or on the stator (3) in a second regular pattern distributed around the rotation axis (5), wherein the first coil row (7) and the second coil row (9) are arranged spatially separated from one another on the same component selected from the rotor (2) or stator (3), wherein the second coils (10) of the second coil row (9) can be energized independently of the first coils (8) of the first coil row (7).

2. Electric motor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that all of the first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) are arranged offset from the nearest second coil (10) of the second coil row (9) at an offset angle (23) about the rotation axis (5).

3. Electric motor (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that first iron cores (11) are inserted into the first coils (8), in particular that the first iron cores (11) each have a first laminated core stack (12) with a plurality of first laminated sheets (13) arranged one above the other, wherein the first iron cores (11) are U-shaped with a first leg (14) and a second leg (15) and a first base (16) connecting the two legs (14, 15), and wherein the first leg (14) of the first iron cores (11) is arranged within one of the first coils (8), and that second iron cores (17) are inserted into the second coils (10), in particular that the second iron cores (17) each have a second laminated core stack (18) with a plurality of second laminated sheets (19) arranged one above the other, wherein the second iron cores (17) are U-shaped with a first leg (20) and a second leg (21) and a second base (22) connecting the two legs (20, 21), and wherein the first leg (20) of the second iron cores (17) is arranged within the second coils (10).

4. Electric motor (1) according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that the offset angle (23) is selected such that the second leg (21) of the second iron core (17) is arranged in extension to the first leg (14) of the first iron core (11) and that the first leg (20) of the second iron core (17) is arranged in extension to the second leg (15) of the first iron core (11).

5. Electric motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) can be energized completely independently of one another, or in that the individual first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) are combined in energization groups, wherein the first coils (8) of one energization group can be energized jointly and the different energization groups can be energized independently of one another.

6. Electric motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a parking brake (26) is formed, wherein a braking element (27) is arranged on the stator (3) so as to be displaceable, in particular displaceable in the axial direction, wherein the braking element (27) is designed for positive engagement with a shaped recess (28) on the rotor (2).

7. Electric motor (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that a toothing (29) is formed on the braking element (27) and that a counter-toothing (30) is formed on the rotor (2), wherein the toothing (29) can be brought into positive engagement with the counter-toothing (30).

8. Electric motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) are controlled by a first circuit board (31) and the second coils (10) of the second coil row (9) are controlled by a second Circuit board (32), wherein the first coil row (7) and the second coil row (9) are designed for redundant operation.

9. Electric motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first coil row (7) and the second coil row (9) are arranged on the stator (3) at a distance from one another in the axial direction, wherein, viewed in the axial direction, a central rotor disk (24) of the rotor (2) is arranged between the first coil row (7) and the second coil row (9), wherein the rotor (2) is designed as an internal rotor, wherein central rotor disk magnets (25) are arranged on the rotor disk (24) in a first regular pattern distributed around the rotation axis (5), wherein the rotor disk magnets (25) are designed to interact with the first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) and the second coils (10) of the second coil row (9),wherein the rotor disc magnets (25) in a first arrangement each have a south pole facing the first coil row (7) and a north pole facing the second coil row (9), and wherein the rotor disc magnets (25) in a second arrangement each have a north pole facing the first coil row (7) and a south pole facing the second coil row (9), in particular that the first arrangement of the rotor disc magnets (25) and the second arrangement of the rotor disc magnets (25) alternate.

10. Electric motor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first row of coils (7) and the second row of coils (9) are arranged on the stator (3) at a distance from one another in the axial direction, wherein the rotor (2) is designed as an external rotor and wherein the rotor (2) has a first end wall (35) and a second end wall (36), wherein the first row of coils (7) is assigned to the first end wall (35) and the second row of coils (9) is assigned to the second end wall (36).

11. Electric motor (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the rotor (2) has first air gaps (41) arranged in the first end wall (35) in a first regular pattern around the axis of rotation (5) and is designed as a reluctance rotor.

12. Electric motor (1) according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that on the first end wall (35) in a first regular pattern around the axis of rotation (5) distributed first end wall magnets (37) are arranged, wherein the first end wall magnets (37) are designed to interact with the first coils (8) of the first coil row (7), wherein the first end wall magnets (37) in a first end wall magnet arrangement each have a south pole facing the first coil row (7) and a north pole facing away from the first coil row (7), and wherein the first end wall magnets (37) in a second end wall magnet arrangement each have a north pole facing the first coil row (7) and a south pole facing away from the first coil row (7), in particular that the first arrangement of the first end wall magnets (37) and the second arrangement of the first end wall magnets (37) alternate.

13. Electric motor (1) according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the first end wall (35) of the rotor (2) has a shaped element (39), wherein a motor connection component is coupled to the shaped element (39) of the rotor (2), in particular that the shaped element (39) is designed in the form of one or more pins projecting axially from the first end wall (35).

14. Electric motor (1) according to one of claims 3 to 13 and 10 to 13, characterized in that the first iron cores (11) are inserted into the first coils (8) in such a way that an open end of the first leg (14) and the second leg (15) of the first iron cores (11) facing away from the first base (16) faces in the direction of the first end wall (35).

15. Electric motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a motor housing (4) is formed, wherein a temperature sensor (33) is arranged within this motor housing (4).

16. Electric motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a position sensor (34) is arranged on the rotor (2).

17. Electric motor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first row of coils (7) and the second row of coils (9) are arranged on the stator (3) at a distance from one another in the radial direction.

18. Electric motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a braking surface (48) is formed directly on the rotor (2), wherein a brake pad (49) is arranged on the stator (3) and serves for frictional interaction with the braking surface (48).

19. Electric motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor (2) comprises a first rotor disk (42) and a second rotor disk (43), wherein the first rotor disk (42) and the second rotor disk (43) are arranged at a distance from one another, wherein the first row of coils (7) is assigned to the first rotor disk (42) and wherein the second row of coils (9) is assigned to the second rotor disk (43), wherein a first slotted guide (44) is formed in the first rotor disk (42) and a second slotted guide (45) is formed in the second rotor disk (43), wherein a guide pin (46) is formed which is guided in the first slotted guide (44) and in the second slotted guide (45), wherein the guide pin (46) is coupled to a connecting piece (47) which extends radially outwards between the first rotor disk (42) and the second rotor disk (43).

20. Vehicle with an electric motor, characterized in that the electric motor is designed according to one of the preceding claims, in particular that the electric motor is used as a wheel hub motor.

21. Method for operating an electric motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second coils (10) of the second coil row (9) are energized in different operating modes independently of the first coils (8) of the first coil row (7).

22. Method according to claim 21, characterized in that in a normal operating mode, the first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) and the second coils (10) of the second coil row (9) are energized in such a way that the first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) and the second coils (10) of the second coil row (9) are used to apply a drive torque to the rotor (2); that in a recuperation mode, the first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) and the second coils (10) of the second coil row (9) are energized such that the first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) and the second coils (10) of the second coil row (9) serve to apply a braking torque to the rotor (2), wherein the energy generated thereby is fed into the power grid or temporarily stored in an accumulator; that in a hybrid mode, the first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) and the second coils (10) of the second coil row (9) are energized in such a way that the first coils (8) of the first coil row (7) serve to apply a braking torque to the rotor (2) and at the same time the second coils (10) of the second coil row (9) serve to apply a driving torque to the rotor (2), wherein the energy generated in the first coil row (7) is used in the second coil row (9).

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