Device and method for monitoring and levelling the charge level of batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering. The invention can be used in devices which are installed in a vehicle. The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality of the device. Expansion by means of prompt diagnostic monitoring. And expansion by adapting the battery pack to a more comprehensive set of electrical parameters. The monitoring device and method comprise a battery set (100) (battery).

Description

[0001] c

[0002] 1

[0003] - 1 -

[0004] Device and method for monitoring and leveling the charge level of batteries

[0005] The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering. The invention can be used in devices designed for continuous automatic monitoring. These devices are also designed for balancing the state of charge of batteries connected in parallel and series in a battery pack. This battery pack is installed in the vehicle, for example, in a hybrid car or an electric car.

[0006] A signaling system according to WO 2000005596 and US20170077559 is known from the prior art. This system presents a device and method for controlling batteries connected in parallel and series. The batteries are equipped with a separate power supply, a microcontroller, and a signal transmission system for each horizontal row.

[0007] Also known from the prior art is a battery power source device and a method for determining the current therefor, according to a patent (EP1317045, priority from November 27, 2002, published on October 7, 2009). This is necessary to control and balance the current in the vertical rows of battery blocks when they are connected in parallel and serial in the block. This unit requires expensive current sensors to measure the current consumption in each vertical row.

[0008] A common disadvantage of these analogues is the lack of simultaneous control and equalization of voltage and current.

[0009] The device and method for monitoring and leveling the charge level of the batteries of the battery pack according to RU 2695646 are closest to the proposed invention in terms of technical essence. The device includes:

[0010] - a power supply in the form of a battery pack (BA) with batteries connected in parallel in series. In the power source, each battery of the battery pack (BA) is equipped with a resistor with an equally small value R. One of the leads of the resistor is electrically connected to the positive contact of each battery. The parallel connection of the batteries in the battery pack (BA) for each horizontal row of m batteries is achieved by combining the second terminals of the resistors to a common terminal of the horizontal row of the battery pack. In this case, the number of horizontal rows is equal to n. The vertical rows are formed by connecting the anode of the previous battery in series with the cathode of the next in each horizontal row. In vertical rows, m vertical rows are formed by series connection, with a total number of n batteries in the block m * n.

[0011] The device also includes:

[0012] - Consumption and charging mode system with consumption current sensor;

[0013] - switching control unit;

[0014] - Battery switching unit: - two tires a and b for measuring electrical parameters; - output from the common cable of the h-th row of the battery pack (BA);

[0015] - microcontroller;

[0016] - digital indicators for batteries that are problematic in terms of electrical parameters.

[0017] The disadvantages of the prototype include:

[0018] - the inability to measure and compensate for the imbalance of the currents in the vertical rows of the pack. These imbalances have a significant impact on the batteries' charge level and their service life. This effect occurs when they are connected in a horizontal row via small resistors. If the electrical parameters of the individual batteries are not the same;

[0019] - Lack of continuous monitoring. The lack of the ability to balance the charge level of each individual battery in the block.

[0020] Leveling for current, voltage, resistance and differential power consumption.

[0021] The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality of the device through timely diagnostic monitoring. The present invention also aims to align the block of parallel-serially connected batteries in accordance with a more comprehensive set of electrical parameters. This increases the service life and safety of the battery pack. It also reduces energy consumption during device operation and manufacturing costs.

[0022] The technical result is as follows:

[0023] 1. The proposed device and monitoring method performs the following functions:

[0024] Control of a complex of electrical parameters of each battery. This monitoring enables early diagnosis and identification of problematic batteries. The reset is not only due to voltage imbalances in the horizontal rows, but also to current imbalances in the vertical rows. It is also due to internal resistance imbalances and the different power consumption of the batteries during overcharging and undercharging.

[0025] Display on the digital display block the serial numbers of the row with problematic voltage. Also display additional problematic batteries in a horizontal row. A on the screen to display a bitmap image with two coordinates. Display with brightness modulation by the amplitude value of the differential current consumption of the batteries. When the number of pixels corresponds to the number of batteries in the battery pack.

[0026] Use of control results for a range of electrical parameters. Use for individual adjustment of problematic block batteries.

[0027] The state of charge compensation is performed for each problematic battery proportional to the degree of voltage imbalance. The state of charge compensation is also performed according to the current imbalance, internal resistance, and varying power consumption. The adjustment is performed during recharging. The compensation also occurs at low charge levels, taking into account the battery pack's current consumption.

[0028] ^ Active and passive voltage equalization is performed in horizontal rows. Alignment and supplementary currents are performed in the vertical rows of the block batteries. Implementation is achieved with intensive active equalization using pulse currents with adjustable values ​​greater than one ampere, with an efficiency of over 90%.

[0029] The technical result is achieved by the device and method for monitoring and balancing the charge level of the batteries of the block (battery) containing: - Power supply. Power supply in the form of a block of batteries connected in parallel and series. Power supply connected to the consumption and charging operating system, to the consumption current sensor. Power supply connected to the switching unit of the horizontal battery rows, controlled by the battery switching control unit.

[0030] - common buses a and b for measuring electrical parameters;

[0031] - common termination of the h -th horizontal row to equalise the voltage;

[0032] - digital display block;

[0033] - Microcontroller

[0034] At the same time, each battery in the block is equipped with a resistor with the same small value R. At one end, the resistor is electrically connected to the positive terminal of its battery. The other terminals of the resistors are combined into a common terminal, forming n horizontal rows. Vertical rows are formed by connecting the anode of each previous battery in series with the cathode of the next.

[0035] The difference according to the invention is that the proposed device or method comprises:

[0036] - is additionally equipped with a switching unit for power keys 103 (BKT) from vertical battery rows with a total of m. Each input is connected to the electrical output of the anode of its accumulator of the nth horizontal row of the accumulator block. In this case, the outputs of the power switches of the block with odd serial numbers are combined into a common output. The outputs of the power switches of the block with odd serial numbers are connected to a common bus j. A- outputs of power switches with even serial numbers of the block are combined into a common output. The outputs of the power switches with even serial numbers are connected to a common bus g; - switching unit for power keys with 10 vertical battery rows is additionally equipped with a control unit for switching control devices for power keys with 120 vertical rows (BUKT).The block is based on a demultiplexer with m outputs. Accordingly, the input frequency controlled by the sampling clock is at least m times the sampling frequency f of the horizontal rows of the battery pack from the microcontroller. A at the output with m outputs connected to the switching unit of the current switches of the vertical rows. A connection with the possibility of sequentially supplying the control devices of m current switches of the specified unit with supply voltage. At the same time, a series connection of devices is provided;.

[0037] - Voltage measurement and compensation unit 300 (BIVN) contains: a rectifier 301 (V), a pulse adjustment amplifier 302 (US), a limiting resistor (R303), and is additionally equipped with a voltage divider on two resistors (R301, R302). In this case, the rectifier 301 (B) of the device contains a pulse transformer with a primary and a secondary winding, as well as a full-wave rectifier. In addition, the primary winding of the transformer is connected to common buses for measuring electrical parameters a and b. A secondary winding is connected to the input of a full-wave rectifier. The load of the rectifier is a voltage divider across two resistors (R301, R302).

[0038] The output of the rectifier is connected to the input of the pulse matching amplifier 302 (US). The output of the rectifier is connected via the limiting resistor R303 to the common output of the horizontal row of the battery pack with serial number h. One pulse output of the matching amplifier 302 (US) and the midpoint of the voltage divider connected to the microcontroller 600 (MK).

[0039] - additionally equipped with a current measuring and leveling block 400 (BIVT). The block contains a rectifier 401 (V), a pulse matching amplifier 402 (US), four normally open single-position switches 403, 404, 407, 411 (KI1, KI2, KI3, KI4), pulse inverting 405 (Ul) and non-inverting voltage amplifier 410 (UN), comparator 406 (K), voltage-controlled converter 408 (DS / DS), low-voltage electronic power supply 409 (BPN), and limiting resistor (R401). In this case, the rectifier 401 (B) contains a pulse transformer with two primary and one secondary windings, as well as a full-wave rectifier. In addition, the primary windings of the transformer are oppositely connected to the common buses jg. A midpoint of the primary winding of the transformer is connected to the signal ground.

[0040] The output of rectifier 401 (B) is connected to the input of pulse conditioning amplifier 402 (US). Its output is connected to the microcontroller 600 (MK). The first two buttons are connected to the output of rectifier 401 (B). These are normally open, single-position switches. The key lock is controlled by the 600 (MK) microcontroller. The button outputs are connected to the inputs of the pulse-inverting 405 (Ul) and non-inverting 410 (UN) pulse voltage amplifiers. The inverting and non-inverting voltage pulse amplifiers are connected to the inputs of the first two switches. A at the output is connected to the first input of comparator 406 (K). The comparator is connected to the outputs of the inverting and non-inverting voltage pulse amplifiers via the first input. A is connected to the microcontroller via the second input.The comparator output is connected to the control device for closing the third single-position normally open switch 407 (CL3). The third single-position normally open switch is connected via its input to a voltage-controlled converter. The key lock is controlled by a comparator. A is connected at its output to the rectifier 401 (B) via the limiting resistor R401. The voltage-controlled converter 408 (DC / DC) is connected at its input to the low-voltage electronics power supply 409 (LPV). The converter voltage is controlled by a microcontroller. The converter is connected at its output to the third and fourth single-position normally open switches. The fourth single-position normally open switch 411 (KI4) is connected via its input to a voltage-controlled converter 408 (DC / DC). The key lock is controlled by a microcontroller.A at the output the key is connected via a limiting resistor R401 to a rectifier 401 (B);.

[0041] - Microcontroller 600 (MK) is configured for:

[0042] ^ Set the required clock frequency for polling the switching control unit of the control units of the power switches in the vertical rows. Set the frequency at least m times higher than the frequency f for polling the horizontal rows of the battery pack.

[0043] Receive measurement information from the voltage measuring and balancing unit and the current measuring and balancing unit;

[0044] ^ Determine the average values ​​of voltage and current pulses and their deviations from the average values ​​using program control. Determine the maximum deviation from the average value of the unbalanced voltage of the horizontal rows and the current of the vertical rows using program control, taking the sign into account.

[0045] ^ Calculate the differential power consumption.

[0046] ^ Generate and transmit programmatic control action to balance current in vertical rows;

[0047] ^ Program-controlled generation and transmission taking into account the maximum value and sign of the unbalanced voltage in horizontal rows and the unbalanced current in vertical rows. A also power consumption and charging;

[0048] ^ Perform additional control measures programmatically by aligning the current in vertical rows. If both positive and negative unbalances are present in the horizontal rows, the positive sign of the unbalance voltage in the horizontal rows takes precedence.

[0049] ^ Program-controlled, additionally with a specified frequency to transfer the device and method into measurement mode. Transfer by opening the first and second buttons, closing the fourth button, and applying a reference blocking voltage from the microcontroller output to the comparator input; ^ Program-controlled generation of an emergency shutdown command for the device. Generate in case of unacceptable deviations of the controlled parameters from the specified values;

[0050] ^additionally process the measurement information on voltage, current and differential power consumption programmatically and transmit it to the digital display unit;

[0051] The digital display unit 700 (DIC) contains a digital display of the serial numbers of batteries with problematic electrical parameters. This unit is also equipped with a two-coordinate raster screen. This screen has the same number of pixels as the number of batteries in the battery pack. Pixels for displaying the relative change in power consumption as luma modulation. This parameter is amplitude-controlled when querying horizontal and vertical battery rows. Furthermore, each of the listed display devices is controlled by a microcontroller.

[0052] Another difference is that the limiting resistors of the voltage measuring and compensation units and the current measuring and compensation units also serve as fuses. Resistors with a low R value are also structurally made of a material with high specific electrical resistance. They consist of segments of a resistance band electrically connected between the welding points of adjacent anodes and cathodes of vertical battery rows. The sections of the resistance band are electrically connected by welding to the jumpers of the vertical rows. The segments are structurally identical. The jumpers of the vertical rows are electrically connected to the terminals of adjacent batteries in the vertical rows.

[0053] The proposed invention is explained in more detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0054] They show:

[0055] Fig. 1 is a functional diagram of a device for monitoring and balancing the state of charge of the batteries of the block (battery);

[0056] Fig. 2 a functional diagram of the battery switch block (batteries);

[0057] Fig. 3 is a functional diagram of blocks for measuring and balancing voltages and currents;

[0058] Fig. 4a the design of the installation of the horizontal rows of the battery pack with a resistance band;

[0059] Fig. 4b an equivalent circuit;

[0060] Fig. 5 an oscillogram of the current compensation.

[0061] Leveling during charging with transition to leveling at low load in vertical rows.

[0062] The monitoring device and method according to the proposed invention (Fig. 1) comprises:

[0063] • Battery pack 100 (battery). Block 100 (battery) contains a battery set 101 (BA). Block 100 (battery) consists of batteries connected in parallel and series. Block 100 (battery) contains a battery switching unit 102 (BKA). Unit 100 (battery) is additionally equipped with a power key switching unit 103 (BKT);

[0064] • Battery switching control unit 110 (BUKA); • additional control unit for switching current switches of the vertical rows 120 (BUKT);

[0065] • Consumption and charging system 200 (SDR);

[0066] • additional block for measuring and balancing the voltage 300 (BIVN);

[0067] • additional block for measuring and leveling the current 400400 (BIVT);

[0068] • Current sensor 500 (DT);

[0069] • Microcontroller 600 600 (MK);

[0070] • Digital Display Block 700 (BCI);

[0071] • common rows a and b, measuring the voltage of the horizontal battery rows 101 (BA);

[0072] • general issue of the horizontal row of battery pack 101 (BA) with serial number h;

[0073] • additional rows J and G of the key outputs with odd and even serial numbers of the unit 103 (BKT) for measuring the voltage proportional to the current of the vertical odd and even rows of batteries 101 (BA).

[0074] In this case, the interaction of the blocks listed in the static part of the description is as follows.

[0075] In block 101 (BA) (Fig. 2), each battery is represented by a current source with voltage E and internal resistance Ri. Each battery is equipped with an equally small resistor R. At one end, the resistor R is electrically connected to the positive terminal of its battery. The second terminals of each resistor are combined to form a common terminal of a horizontal battery row, in this case, n horizontal rows of m batteries each, with a total number of batteries in block 101 (BA) n*m.

[0076] The number of common outputs of the horizontal rows is n + 1. In addition, n + 1 common terminals are formed by m resistors of equal value R combined with the negative terminal of block 101 (BA). The terminal of the block is the signal ground.

[0077] In this case, the value of the numerical value of small-value resistors R is selected depending on the variation of the nominal value of the battery voltage and the internal resistance of the battery, which is acceptable for the type of battery used and does not exceed 1 Ohm.

[0078] The vertical rows are created by connecting the anode of each previous battery in series with the cathode of the next. Vertical rows are formed by connecting m vertical rows in series.

[0079] Battery pack 101 (BA) is additionally equipped with an electrical output from the anode of each battery in the nth horizontal row. This output connects it to the input of its key, the power switch switching unit 103 (BKT).

[0080] The horizontal battery bank 102 (BKA) contains a set of keys with a total of n+1 low internal resistance. Each key is connected via an input to the common output of its horizontal accumulator bank. A - Output keys of block 102 (BKA) with odd serial numbers are combined to a common output. The keys of block 102 (BKA) with odd serial numbers are connected to a common bus a. The outputs of the keys with even serial numbers of block 102 (BKA) are combined to a common output. The outputs of keys with even serial numbers are connected to a common bus b.

[0081] The switching unit for horizontal battery banks 102 (BKA) is also equipped with a common output for the horizontal battery bank 101 (BA) with serial number h. The block for batteries 101 (BA) corresponds to a voltage of U *h. Where U is the average voltage across the horizontal battery bank. This value is close to the nominal voltage E of each of the batteries in block 101 (BA).

[0082] The battery pack 101 (BA) (Fig. 2) is additionally equipped with a power switch unit 103 (BKT). The block contains a series of controlled single-position normally open switches, keys with low internal resistance, totaling m. Each of the keys is connected at the input to the electrical output of the anode of its battery in the nth horizontal row of the battery block 101 (BA).

[0083] At the output, the keys of block 103 (BKT) with odd serial numbers are combined into a single output. Block keys with odd serial numbers are connected to a common bus j.

[0084] The outputs of keys with even serial numbers of the BKT block (103) are combined into one output. The outputs of keys with even serial numbers are connected to a common bus g.

[0085] The battery switching control unit 110 (BUKA) (Fig. 1) enables the pairwise connection of two adjacent keys of odd and even horizontal rows of the battery pack 101 (BA) and a connection to common buses for measuring the electrical parameters a and b at a serial sampling rate f.

[0086] The power button switching unit 103 (BKT) is equipped with a control unit for switching the power buttons 120 (BUKT). This unit is based on a demultiplexer with m number of outputs. The demultiplexer serially supplies the control devices of the m buttons of the power button switching unit 103 (BKT) with power. The demultiplexer ensures the closing of the buttons at a polling frequency of the power switches that is not less than m times the polling frequency f of the button of block 110 (BUKA). The consumption and charging system 200 (SDR) is connected between the positive and negative poles of the battery pack 101 (BA).

[0087] The voltage measurement and compensation unit 300 (BIVN) includes a rectifier 301 (V), a pulse matching amplifier 302 (US), a voltage divider comprising two resistors (R301), (R302), and a limiting resistor (R303). In this case, the rectifier 301 (B) consists of a pulse transformer with a primary and a secondary winding. The 301 rectifier (B) consists of a full-wave rectifier. The primary winding of the transformer is connected to common buses for measuring the electrical parameters a and b. The rectifier load is an additional voltage divider comprising two resistors (R301), (R302). The output of the rectifier 301 (V) is connected to the input of the pulse matching amplifier 302 (US). The output of the rectifier is connected to the common output of the horizontal row of the battery pack 101 (BA) with the serial number h via a limiting resistor (R303).The output of the pulse conditioning amplifier 302 (US) and the midpoint of the voltage divider are connected to the microcontroller 600 (MC).

[0088] The monitoring device and method according to the proposed invention is additionally equipped with a current measurement and balancing unit 400 (CUBT) (Fig. 1, 3). This block contains:

[0089] - Rectifier 401 (B);

[0090] - Pulse matching amplifier 402 (US);

[0091] - controlled single-position normally open switches 403 (KI1) and 404 (KI2) (hereinafter referred to as keys);

[0092] - Voltage inverting amplifier 405 (Ul);

[0093] - Comparator 406 (K), button 407 (KI3);

[0094] - voltage controlled converter 408 (DS / DS);

[0095] - Power supply for low voltage electronics 409 (BPN);

[0096] - non-inverting voltage amplifier 410 (UN); - button 411 (CI4);

[0097] - Limiting resistor (R 401).

[0098] In this case, the rectifier 401 (B) is equipped with a pulse transformer with two primary and one secondary windings. The primary windings are connected in opposite directions to the common voltage measurement buses j and g. The outputs of the keys with odd and even serial numbers of block 103 (BKT) are connected proportionally to the current vertical odd and even rows of batteries 101 (BA). The center point of the primary winding is connected to signal ground.

[0099] A full-wave rectifier 401 (B) is connected to the secondary winding. The output of the rectifier is connected to the input of the pulse matching amplifier 402 (US) on the keys 403 (CI1) and 404 (CI2). It is connected to the output of the keys 407 (CI3) and 411 (CI4) via a limiting resistor (R401). The output of the key 403 (CL1) is connected to the input of the inverting voltage amplifier 405 (Ul). The output of the key 404 (CL2) is connected to the input of a non-inverting voltage amplifier 410 (UN). The outputs of the inverting voltage amplifier 405 (Ul) and the non-inverting voltage amplifier 410 (UN) are connected to the first input of the comparator 406 (K). The second input of the comparator receives the reference voltage regulated by microcontroller 600 (MK). The output of comparator 406 (K) controls the closing of button 407 (CL3).

[0100] The input of buttons 407 (KI3) and 411 (KI4) is supplied with the voltage of converter 408 (DS / DS), regulated by microcontroller 600 (MK). The input of converter 408 (DS / DS) is connected to the output of low-voltage electronic power supply 409 (LPV). Closing buttons 403 (KI1), 404 (KI2), and 411 (KI4) connects control devices to microcontroller 600 (MK). Current sensor 500 (DT) is designed to measure the current consumption in the charge consumption system 200 (SDR) and process the measurement results in microcontroller 600 (MK).

[0101] The microcontroller 600 (MK) is electrically connected to the following blocks:

[0102] - blocks 110 (BUKA) and 120 (BUKT) for providing query clock pulses;

[0103] - the block 300 (BIVN) for receiving voltage measurement information;

[0104] - the block 400 (BIVT) for receiving measurement information on the current and for controlling the voltage as well as the current and the control for closing the buttons 403 (CI1) and 404 (CI2) and 411 (CI4);

[0105] - the current sensor 500 (DT) for receiving measurement information about the current;

[0106] - the digital display unit 700 (BCI). This connector is used to digitally display the serial numbers of the batteries of the BA unit (101), which are problematic in terms of electrical parameters, particularly when displaying a bitmap on a two-coordinate display.

[0107] The proposed device and monitoring method work in the following way.

[0108] The workflow for checking and aligning the electrical parameters of Block 100 (battery) in measurement mode and active alignment.

[0109] In measurement mode, keys 403 (CL1) and 404 (CL2) are open. A high blocking voltage is applied to the second input of comparator 406 (K) on microcontroller 600 (MK). The voltage at the voltage-controlled converter 408 (DC / DC) is set equal to the DC voltage at the output of rectifier 301 (V). In this case, key 411 (KI4) is closed. The signal from microcontroller 600 (MK) connects switching batteries 110 (BUKA) (Fig. 1) with n+1 outputs to the input of the dual demultiplexer control unit. When locking keys with low internal resistance in pairs, the switching unit consists of horizontal battery rows 102 (BKA). At a frequency f of the switching control unit 110 (BUKA) on common buses a and b for measuring electrical parameters, positive and negative voltage pulses of rectangular shape alternate with the amplitude.The amplitude is proportional to the voltage across each of the horizontal rows of block 101 (BA) (Fig. 2). For the common tires A and B, these pulses are fed to the input of the voltage measurement and compensation unit 300 (BIVN).

[0110] In block 300 (BIVN) (Fig. 3), the average value of the constant voltage across all horizontal battery rows is calculated at the output of rectifier 301 (B). The rectifier is designed according to full-wave rectification. The generated value, for a given transformation ratio and in the absence of asymmetry of the horizontal rows, is equal in magnitude to the voltage at the output of the horizontal row of the BA battery pack (101) with serial number h.

[0111] If the amplitude of the fault voltage differs across one of the horizontal battery rows, rectangular voltage pulses from the mean value (V) to the mean value of the DC voltage are superimposed at the output of rectifier 301. The amplitude of the rectangular voltage pulses is proportional to the magnitude of the unbalance voltage of the problematic horizontal row (Fig. 5). Furthermore, the positive value of the unbalance voltage pulse corresponds to an overcharge.

[0112] In each series connection of a horizontal row, the anodes of the batteries of the nth horizontal row are connected to a common bus j with low-resistance buttons with odd serial numbers (Fig. 2). Buttons with even serial numbers, connected to a common bus, measure the voltage proportional to the current of the vertical odd and even rows of batteries of block 101 (BA). When switched on by a signal from the microcontroller 600 (MK) with a frequency f*m that is m times the polling frequency of the common rows a and b of the horizontal rows, the control unit switches the control devices of the current switches of the vertical rows 120 (BUKT), the switching unit for the current switches of the vertical rows 103 (BKT).

[0113] When voltage is applied from the common tires J and G to the oppositely connected primary windings of the pulse transformer of the rectifier 401 (V), the average value of the constant voltage is calculated across all vertical battery series. This value, for a given transformation ratio without significant asymmetry of the vertical series, is equal to the voltage at the output of the voltage-controlled converter 408 (DS / DS). The converter value is set equal to the constant component at the output of the rectifier unit for measuring and compensating voltage 300 (BIVN). The rectifier transformer 401 (B) is manufactured according to the full-wave rectification scheme at the output of the rectifier 401 (B) after rectification.

[0114] If the amplitude of the mismatch voltage on one of the vertical battery rows deviates from the average value, rectangular voltage pulses are generated at the output of rectifier 401 (B) (Figure 5). The voltage amplitude is proportional to the magnitude of the mismatch voltage of the problematic vertical current row. Moreover, a positive value of the mismatch voltage pulse corresponds to a weak charge. A negative value corresponds to the charging of the controlled vertical battery row of block 101 (BA).

[0115] In the claimed device for transformers, rectifiers 301 (B) and 401 (B) set the same transformation ratios. At the same time, for the voltage compensation, current measurement, and compensation units, the constant voltage components at the outputs of their rectifiers are the same. Microcontroller 600 (MK) controls the value of the reference voltage at the input of comparator 406 (K) to the maximum amplitude of the error pulses relative to the average value at the output of rectifier 401 (B).

[0116] The results of measuring the average voltage value, the asymmetry relative to the average value, and its magnitude in relation to voltage, current, and calculated differential power consumption in blocks 300 (BIVN) and 400 (BIVT) are transmitted by the microcontroller 600 (MK). The results are passed on to the voltage and current balancing control. They are also transmitted to the digital display block 700 (DDI) for display.

[0117] In block 700 (BCI) on a digital indicator the following is done:

[0118] - digital display of the serial number of the series with a problem voltage;

[0119] - the serial number of the problematic battery in the horizontal row;

[0120] - Displays a two-coordinate bitmap image vertically and horizontally on the screen. The brightness of the battery coordinates is modulated by the amplitude of the differential current draw. The number of pixels corresponds to the number of batteries in the 100-volt battery pack (BA).

[0121] In measurement mode, the amplitude of the voltage imbalance of the horizontal rows is measured simultaneously from the constant voltage of the common output of the horizontal row of battery pack 101 (BA) with serial number h. Active compensation of the voltage imbalance of the problematic horizontal rows is performed, both in the case of overcharging and undercharging. Compensation is performed via the limiting resistor (R303) and the rectifier 301 (B).

[0122] In measurement mode, the unbalance currents of the problematic vertical series are actively compensated simultaneously with the measurement of the amplitude of the current asymmetry in the vertical series from the constant voltage of the voltage-controlled converter 408 (DS / DS). Active compensation occurs both in the case of overcharge and undercharge. Active compensation is achieved via a closed key 411 (KI4), a limiting resistor (R401), and a rectifier 401 (B).

[0123] In this case, the magnitude of the compensating currents does not exceed hundreds of milliamperes. However, with a slight current imbalance, the effect of such compensation is clearly noticeable.

[0124] The workflow for intensive active balancing of the electrical parameters of block 100 (battery).

[0125] The key (KI1) in the horizontal rows and key 411 (KI4) open. This occurs when the value exceeds the threshold set on the microcontroller 600 (MK). Negative pulses of the asymmetry of the vertical rows are received from the rectifier 401 (V) to the voltage-inverting amplifier 405 (Ul) (Figure 5). The amplitude of these pulses is proportional to the overcharge current. After inversion and amplification at the inverting voltage amplifier 405 (Ul), amplified positive pulses are fed to the input of the comparator 406 (K).

[0126] Based on the measurement results, the second input of comparator 406 (K) is supplied with a positive reference voltage from microcontroller 600 (MK). This voltage is proportional to the maximum amplitude of the current imbalance. The voltage is slightly less than the maximum amplitude of the amplified pulses of the current imbalance in the vertical rows. This activates comparator 406 (K) and starts the process of intensive active current equalization (Figure 5). At the same time, microcontroller 600 (MK) sets a voltage at the output of voltage-controlled converter 408 (DS / DS) that is lower than the initial average value.

[0127] When comparator 406 (K) is pulsed, negative pulses are generated via key 407 (KI3). Due to the reduced relative initial average voltage of converter 408 (DS / DS), pulses are generated at the output of key 407 (CL3). Negative pulses are fed through the limiting resistor (R401) to the secondary winding of rectifier-pulse transformer 401 (V). And through the primary winding and buses j and g, measuring the voltage proportional to the current of the vertical battery series 101 (BA) performs the alignment of the problematic vertical series current (Figure 5).

[0128] The pulse transformer of rectifier 401 (B) is used in this case as a reversible element. In this element, rectangular voltage pulses containing measurement information are transmitted from the primary to the secondary winding. Balancing control pulses are transmitted from the secondary winding to the primary winding.

[0129] As the current flow increases, the voltage at the anode decreases. The increased current flows in the problematic vertical row. The increased current is caused by overcharging due to the increased voltage drop across the internal resistance Ri of the corresponding battery in the nth horizontal row (Figure 2). This appears at the output of rectifier 401 (B) as a negative voltage pulse (Figure 5).

[0130] During current balancing, the output of the 401 (V) rectifier is amplified with a significantly amplified negative current balancing voltage pulse. An even greater voltage drop occurs across the internal resistance Ri of the corresponding battery in the nth horizontal row (Figure 2). This reduces the total voltage of the problem vertical row. This leads to a corresponding reduction in the current in the problematic vertical row, thus balancing it. In this case, the voltage imbalance in the horizontal rows is also partially balanced.

[0131] When the battery charging voltage equalizes, the comparator may stop functioning, causing the monitoring device and method to switch to measurement mode. If significant voltage imbalances occur in the horizontal rows at the same time, the voltage of the horizontal battery rows will equalize when the charge is low (Figure 5).

[0132] This cycle is repeated until the unbalance voltage in the horizontal and vertical rows falls below the set threshold. This also reduces the voltage. The voltage is supplied by the output of a voltage-controlled converter 408 (DS / DS). It is proportional to the maximum voltage unbalance in the horizontal rows.

[0133] In addition, the microcontroller 600 (MK) programmatically switches the device and the monitoring method to measurement mode by opening buttons 403 (CL1) and 404 (CL2) at a specified interval. The presence of significant positive imbalance pulses in the horizontal rows during charging is always a priority. Therefore, if negative mismatch pulses of significant amplitude are simultaneously received at the input of the microcontroller 600 (MK), only button 403 (CL1) remains closed. Only when the positive mismatch pulses fall below the threshold significance level in amplitude does button 403 (CL1) open. The maximum positive square-wave error voltage at the output of the rectifier 301 (B) (Figure 5) may be below the set threshold. However, significant negative pulses corresponding to a weak charge may occur. The device's operating frequency can be repeated.

[0134] This closes key 404 (CL2) and opens key 403 (CL1). Rectifier 401 (V) receives positive pulses from the unbalance of the vertical rows. Non-inverting voltage amplifier 410 (UN) receives positive pulses from the unbalance of the vertical rows. After amplification, the amplified positive pulses are input to comparator 406 (K).

[0135] Furthermore, current balancing with a weak charge (Figure 5) occurs in the same way as with an overcharge. However, only in this case, converter 408 supplies a positive voltage (DS / DS). This voltage is proportional to the maximum asymmetry of the horizontal rows with a weak charge, producing positive balancing pulses. For this reason, current balancing with a weak charge involves positive pulses with increased strength (Figure 5).

[0136] If there are no significant positive and negative mismatch pulses in the horizontal rows, both keys 403 (CL1) and 404 (CL2) open, and key 411 (CL4) closes. A voltage-controlled converter 408 (DS / DS) is supplied with a voltage equal to the voltage of the DC component at the output of rectifier 301 (V). Both the device and the monitoring method switch to measurement mode. This also performs active alignment with a weak current through a closed key 411 (CI4) from converter 408 (DS / DS). The combination is invalid if both keys 403 (KI1) and 404 (KI2) are closed simultaneously.

[0137] As a result, voltage equalization in horizontal rows and current equalization in vertical rows is carried out by: continuous passive equalization by small resistors R; continuous active voltage equalization by pulses of frequency f of the voltage of the unbalance of the horizontal rows. From the general output of the horizontal row of the battery pack with serial number h, both in overcharge and undercharge conditions; active current equalization in the vertical row measurement mode. Alignment by pulses with a frequency at least m times higher than the sampling frequency f of the horizontal rows of the battery pack. From a voltage-regulated converter 408 (DS / DS) both in overcharge and undercharge conditions; current leveling, in the intensive active leveling mode in vertical rows.Equalization by pulses with a frequency at least m times higher than the sampling frequency f of the horizontal rows of the battery pack by a voltage-controlled converter 408 (DS / DS). Equalization occurs both in the case of overcharge and undercharge conditions with currents up to several amperes.

[0138] The main effect of active leveling in this mode is achieved by:

[0139] The nth horizontal rows must be selected more carefully. Select them according to the same voltage E and the same internal resistance Ri, as they serve as the reference for this series.

[0140] The limiting resistors of the measuring, voltage compensation, current measuring and compensation units are also fuses.

[0141] To save energy, resistors with a low R value (Figure 2) are structurally made of a material with high specific electrical resistance. They are manufactured in the form of segments of a resistance strip. On one side, they are electrically connected by welding to the jumpers of the vertical rows and are structurally identical (Figure 4a). On the other side, the sections of the resistance strip are electrically connected by welding to a common socket of the horizontal row. The jumpers of the vertical rows are electrically connected to the terminals of adjacent batteries in the vertical rows (Figure 4b). Segments of resistance strip are electrically connected by welding to jumpers of the vertical rows. The segments repeat the configuration. The jumpers of the vertical rows are electrically connected to the terminals of adjacent batteries in the vertical rows.

[0142] The common electrical output of the horizontal row is installed perpendicular to the strip segments. A common socket is electrically connected to the center of each strip segment. A connection of a common electrical output of a horizontal row in the center of a strip section provides a common electrical resistance. The electrical resistance between the anode of each battery (Figure 4b) and the common output of the horizontal row is R.

[0143] The implementation of the device according to the proposed invention in the power plants of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles will make this possible.

[0144] Increase battery pack lifespan. Increase performance by monitoring and balancing current, voltage, internal resistance, and varying power consumption for each problematic battery, while simultaneously balancing overcharged and undercharged batteries. Increase battery lifespan in continuous operation in charging and power consumption modes.

[0145] Improve battery safety. Improve safety by monitoring and balancing current, voltage, resistance, and differential power consumption in each of the batteries in this device. Improve safety by almost instantly detecting batteries with excessive differential current consumption that leads to overheating.

[0146] Ensure good visibility when displaying batteries, which are problematic due to varying energy consumption and lead to overheating. Maintain high clarity when displayed on a two-coordinate display. For high visibility, modulate the brightness by the amplitude value of the relative change in power consumption.

[0147] Reduce energy consumption during device operation and manufacturing costs with this invention. Reduce energy costs by channeling the primary energy of active leveling into current leveling in vertical rows. Use active stress compensation in horizontal rows as an auxiliary device.

[0148] The circuit solution used in the claimed device enables significant savings in the cost of electronic devices. This is because inexpensive switches with relatively high internal resistance can be used for voltage compensation. A switch with low internal resistance can be used for current compensation. However, it has a low operating voltage and no high-voltage decoupling.

[0149] Since the number of horizontal rows is many times greater than the number of vertical rows, the economic effect can be significant. In this case, the primary effect of active balancing is achieved through the current in vertical rows. Voltage balancing in each horizontal row is achieved primarily through passive balancing. Leveling is achieved through small resistors and active leveling for voltage and current.

[0150] Proposed methods enable the control and balancing of the charge level of the batteries of block 100 (batteries) in terms of current and voltage. The proposed method is implemented as follows:

[0151] - The battery switching unit 102 (BKA) performs the switching of n+1 common terminals of the horizontal rows. Rows with odd serial numbers are connected to the bus a for measuring electrical parameters. A row with even serial numbers is connected to the electrical measurement bus b.

[0152] - The common terminal n+1 of the horizontal battery array of block 101 (BA) (Figure 2) is connected to the negative terminal of block 101 (BA). Block 101 (BA) is a signal ground through m resistors of the same small value R. In this case, the value of the small resistors R is selected depending on the nominal voltage spread of the batteries and the internal resistance of the battery acceptable for the battery type used;

[0153] - switching unit of current switches of the vertical rows 103 (BKT) (Figure 2) performs the switching of m electrical lines from the anodes of the batteries of the nth horizontal row of the battery unit 101 (BA) with odd serial numbers by bus j. A with even sequence numbers by bus g ;

[0154] - The control unit switches the horizontal battery rows 110 (BUKA) (Figure 1) in pairs with the supply voltage. Applying voltage to the control devices of two adjacent keys of odd and even horizontal rows of the battery switching unit 102 (BKA), thereby closing them;

[0155] - Control unit for switching control devices of current switches of vertical rows 120 (BUKT) with the number of outputs m, providing supply voltage.

[0156] - Voltage measurement and compensation unit 300 (BIVN) (Figure 3) receives the variable voltage component at the output of rectifier 301 (B). It is obtained from rectangular voltage pulses arriving via the common buses a and b.

[0157] - a pulse matching amplifier 302 (US), which amplifies the variable component proportional to the magnitude of the voltage imbalance of the horizontal rows of the battery pack 101 (BA); - a constant voltage component is obtained from the output of an additional voltage divider across resistors R 301 and R 302. This is transmitted to the microcontroller 600 (MK) for measurement;

[0158] - Compensate the voltage of the horizontal rows imbalance supplied by the common output of the horizontal row of battery pack 101 (BA). With serial number h -value Uh through limiting resistor R 301 ;

[0159] - Current measuring and balancing unit 400 (BIVT) (Figure 3) rectifies rectangular voltage pulses. Voltage pulses are received on a common bus j and g. The DC and AC components of the voltage are obtained at the output of the rectifier 401 (V). U amplifies the variable component proportional to the magnitude of the current asymmetry in the vertical rows of the battery pack 101 (BA);

[0160] - When keys 403 (CL1), 404 (CL2) are open, and key 411 (CL4) is closed, the amplitudes of the rectangular pulses of the variable voltage component are amplified at the output of the pulse matching amplifier 402 (US). A microcontroller 600 (MK) measures the amplitude of the rectangular pulses;

[0161] - When button 411 (terminal 4) is open and the sign of the balancing voltage imbalance pulses is positive, button 403 (terminal 1) is closed. This occurs in horizontal rows to enter the intensive active mode. A, with a negative sign of the voltage imbalance in the horizontal rows, closes button 404 (terminal 2);

[0162] - On comparator 406 (K), alternately compare the amplitude of the vertical row current imbalance pulses with the inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, amplified by pulse amplifiers 405 (Ul) and 410 (UN). For comparison purposes, a reference voltage proportional to the vertical row imbalance amplitude is supplied by the microcontroller 600 (MK) for overcharging and undercharging. The microcontroller 600 (MK) manages the closing of the key 407 (CL3); - The current measurement and balancing unit 400 (BIVT) alternately compares, on comparator 406 (K), the voltage amplitudes of the vertical row imbalance pulses, amplified by the inverting 405 (Ul) and non-inverting 410 (Ul) pulse amplifiers, with a reference voltage supplied by the microcontroller 600 (MK). If the value of the reference voltage is exceeded, the comparator 406 (K) is triggered;

[0163] - Compensating current imbalance pulses are applied to the output of rectifier 401 (B) when balancing is active in measurement mode. The pulses are supplied by a voltage-controlled microcontroller 600 (MK) and converter 408 (DS / DS). They are fed via switch 411 (KI4) and limiting resistor R401 for both overcharge and low charge conditions.

[0164] - Power consumption sensor 500 (DT) (Figure 1) measures power consumption in the consumption and charging system 200 (SDR). The measurement results are transmitted to the microcontroller 600 (MK) for processing.

[0165] The microcontroller 600 (MK) performs:

[0166] - Providing clock pulses for polling the battery switching control unit 110 (BUKA) with the frequency f. And the switching control unit of the control units of the power buttons of the vertical rows 120 (BUKT) with a frequency f * m;

[0167] - Receiving measurement information about the variable voltage component from matching amplifier 302 (US). And receiving measurement information about the constant component from the voltage divider across resistors R301 and R302. A by current from matching amplifier 402 (US) and current consumption sensor 500 (DT);

[0168] - Control of the operating threshold of the comparator K (406); depending on the magnitude of the unbalance voltage in block 300 (BIVN);

[0169] - Control of the closure of buttons 403 (CI1) and 404 (CI2). Depends on the sign of the unbalance voltage in the horizontal rows, proportional to the amplitude of the unbalance voltage in the horizontal rows; - Control of a voltage-controlled converter 408 (DS / DS). Depends on the maximum amplitude of the unbalance voltage in the horizontal rows of block 300 (BIVN). Also dependent on the unbalance current in the vertical rows and the consumption and charging current in system 200 (SDR);

[0170] - Issuing a command to emergency disconnect the device from the power circuit. Issuing a command in case of unacceptable deviations of the controlled parameters from the specified limits;

[0171] - Output of information to the digital display unit 700 (BCI);

[0172] - The digital display unit 700 (BCI) displays the serial numbers of the problematic batteries in terms of voltage and current from unit 101 (BA). A also receives a bitmap with two coordinates and an image with brightness modulation by the amplitude value of the relative change in power consumption by the number of pixels corresponding to the number of batteries in block 101 (BA).

[0173] For economic reasons, the low-value R resistors used in this method (Figure 2) are structurally manufactured in the form of segments of a resistance strip. They are made of a material with high electrical resistance (hereinafter referred to as strips). The welding points of adjacent anodes and cathodes of vertical-row batteries are connected (Figure 4).

[0174] The distance between the welding points for the selected material of the resistance band segment is chosen so that the electrical resistance between them is 4R. Further, the resistance band segments are electrically connected by welding to the jumpers of the vertical rows, repeating their configuration.

[0175] The common outlet of the horizontal row is mounted perpendicular to the strip segments. A common outlet is electrically connected by welding to the center of each strip segment. And by placing a common electrical outlet of a horizontal row in the center of a segment of a resistance strip, they provide a common electrical resistance. The resistance between the anode of each battery (Figure 4) and the common output of the horizontal row is R.

[0176] Example.

[0177] The experiment was conducted while simulating the operation of a fragment of the device and the method for monitoring and balancing the batteries of the battery pack. The total number of batteries connected in parallel in the block is sixteen. Four horizontal rows of four batteries each. The batteries are connected in parallel via small resistors. The batteries are connected to the common output of the horizontal row.

[0178] Using resistors with a nominal value of 0.05 ohms, rows of four batteries connected in parallel were formed. One terminal of the resistors is connected to the battery anode, and the other terminal is connected to the common output of the horizontal row.

[0179] An equivalent battery circuit was used for modeling in the MULTISIM environment. This circuit includes a power supply E. A chain of parallel resistors Ri and capacitor C is connected in series to the power supply. The simulation was performed using numerical values ​​of the parameters for Li-Ion 18650 batteries.

[0180] Electromechanical keys with low contact resistance were used as single-stage locking keys. The clock frequency for interrogating the unit's horizontal battery rows is 50 Hz, and for the vertical row, 200 Hz. Voltage equalization in the horizontal rows in the event of overcharging and undercharging was achieved by applying a compensating voltage supplied from the common output of the horizontal row of battery pack 101 (BA) with serial number h. Current equalization in the vertical battery rows was achieved by supplying compensating pulses from converter 407 (DS / DS).

[0181] On (Figure 5) shows the waveforms:

[0182] Asymmetry of the electrical parameters voltage U and resistance Ri. At the output of rectifier 301 (B) during overcharging and weak charging in the horizontal rows of block 101 (BA). In the form of positive and negative deviations from the average value over a sufficiently long period of time; negative pulses of intense active alignment. Current equalization at the output of rectifier 401 (V). During recharging in the vertical rows of block 101 (BA). After alignment by recharging in the horizontal rows, the sign changes to the opposite for intensive active alignment. Current equalization during significant pulses of weak charging in the horizontal rows;

[0183] Pulses at the output of the comparator 405(K)

[0184] The first oscillogram shows that the amplitude of positive pulses decreases to a value below the threshold set on the comparator. After that, the device switches to intensive active leveling mode with a low charge. This occurs when there is an imbalance in the voltage over time compared to the average value in horizontal rows.

[0185] Intensive active compensation of the current-only overcharge in the vertical rows of block 101 (BA) occurs. A After the overcharge voltage is reduced, the device switches to intensive active leveling mode. After the voltage in the horizontal rows has dropped below the response threshold set on the comparator, batteries are balanced by the current of a horizontal row that are weakly charged by voltage. This can be seen by the change in sign of the current leveling pulses in the vertical rows. In addition, when transitioning from one compensation mode to another, there is a certain pause in the supply of comparator pulses. The comparator pulses (Figures 5, 6, 7, 8) remain positive in all alignment modes.

[0186] List of reference symbols

[0187] 100-battery pack (100) (batteries)

[0188] 101 -Battery pack (101) (BA)

[0189] 102- Switching unit of horizontal battery rows (102) (BKA)

[0190] 103- Switching unit of the current buttons of the vertical accumulator rows (103) (BKT)

[0191] 110- Control unit for switching horizontal battery rows (110) (BUKA)

[0192] 120- Control unit for switching control devices of current switches of vertical rows (120) (BUKT)

[0193] 200 - Consumption and Charging System (200) (SDR)

[0194] 300 - Voltage measuring and compensation unit (300) (BIVN)

[0195] 301 - Rectifier (301) (B). Manufactured according to the full-wave rectification scheme with one primary winding

[0196] 302 - Pulse matching amplifier (302) (DU)

[0197] Limiting resistor (R 301)

[0198] Voltage divider resistors (R302, R303)

[0199] 400-Block for measuring and balancing current (400) (BIVT)

[0200] 401- Rectifier (401) (B). Manufactured according to the full-wave rectification scheme with two primary windings

[0201] 402- - Pulse matching amplifier (402) (US)

[0202] 403 - Single-position locking key 403 (CI1)

[0203] 404 - Single-position locking key (404) (KI2)

[0204] 405- Pulse voltage inverting amplifier (405) (Ul)

[0205] 406-Comparator (406) (K)

[0206] 407 - Single-position locking key (407) (KI3)

[0207] 408- Voltage-regulated converter (408) (DS / DS)

[0208] 409- Power supply for low-voltage electronics (409) (BPN),

[0209] 410 - non-inverting pulse voltage amplifier (410) (UN)

[0210] 411 - Single-position locking key (411) (KI4)

[0211] Limiting resistor (R 401)

[0212] 500 - Consumption current sensor (500) (DT) 600 - Microcontroller (600) (MK)

[0213] 700 - digital display block (700) (BCI)

[0214] - common tires a and b for measuring the voltage of horizontal battery series (101) (BA) :

[0215] - common output of the horizontal row of the battery pack (101) (BA) with serial number h ;

[0216] - common tires j and g Measurement of the voltage proportional to the current of the vertical odd and even battery rows of the block (101) (BA

[0217] - 1, 2, 3,...n, n+1 controlled single-position normally open switches with low internal resistance. Further down in the text, low-resistance switches in horizontal rows;

[0218] - 1, 2, 3...m-1, m controlled single-position normally open switches with low internal resistance. Further below, low-resistance switches in vertical rows are the equivalent circuit of the battery. The circuit is represented as a series connection of a voltage source E and an internal resistance Ri.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. The monitoring device and method comprise a battery block (100) (battery bank) with a battery set (101) (BA) consisting of batteries connected in parallel in series and having the following features: -each set of batteries has a resistance with a small value R, - one output of the resistor is electrically connected to the positive terminal of its battery, - the second terminals of the resistors are combined into a common terminal and form n horizontal rows, -vertical rows of the anodes of each previous battery are connected in series with the cathode of the next battery, -a battery switching unit (102) (BKA), -a battery switching control unit (110) (BUKA), -a consumption and charging system (200) (SPZ), -a voltage measuring and balancing unit (300) (BIVN), -a current sensor (500) (DT), -a microcontroller (600) (MK), -a digital display unit (700) (BCI), -a common tire a and b for measuring the voltage of the horizontal battery series (101) (BA) and the common output of the horizontal battery series (101) (BA) with the serial number h, characterized in that -the battery pack (100) (battery) is equipped with a switching unit for current switches (103) (BKT) for vertical battery rows with a total of m, -a control unit for switching current switches of vertical rows (120) (BUKT), equipped with buses j and g for the outputs of current switches with odd and even serial numbers of the unit (103) (BKT), -the measurement of the voltage is proportional to the current of the vertical battery rows (101) (BA), -the voltage measuring and compensation unit (300) (BIVN) contains a rectifier (301) (V), a measuring and compensation unit (302) (BIV), a limiting resistor (R301), which is additionally equipped with a voltage divider, and two resistors (R301, R302), -the input of the voltage divider is connected to the rectifier (301) (V) and the center point of the voltage divider (R301, R302) is connected to the microcontroller (600) (MK).

2. Device according to claim ^ characterized by a current measuring and compensation unit (400) (BIVT) containing a rectifier (401) (V), a pulse matching amplifier (402) (US), four single-stage normally open switches (KI1, KI2, KI3, KI4), pulse inverting (405) (Ul) and non-inverting (410) (UN) voltage amplifiers, comparator (406) (K), voltage controlled converter (408) (DS / DS), Nie the voltage electronic power supply (409) (BPN) and limiting resistor (R401).

3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the microcontroller additionally enables the control and compensation of currents in vertical rows, the control of a voltage-controlled converter as a function of the energy and the maximum amplitude of the unbalance voltage in the horizontal rows.

4. Unit for measuring and compensating voltage of unbalanced current in vertical series as well as power consumption and charging systems, characterized in that the problem batteries determine the consumed differential power and display a two-coordinate display of problem batteries based on electrical parameters.

5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the digital display unit (700) (BCI) is additionally equipped with a raster two-coordinate screen, the number of pixels of which corresponds to the number of batteries in the battery block (101) (BA), wherein to display the relative change in the power consumption of the batteries in the form of a luminance modulation of the amplitude of this parameter is used when querying horizontal and vertical battery rows.

6. The device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the low-value R resistors are structurally made of a material with high electrical resistance in the form of segments of a resistance strip. One side of these strips is electrically welded to the jumpers of the vertical rows and they are structurally manufactured in the same configuration. The jumpers of the vertical rows are electrically connected to the terminals of adjacent batteries in the vertical rows.

7. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the resistance band are, on the other hand, electrically connected by welding to a common electrical output of the horizontal row.

8. The method according to claim 1 is distinguished by the fact that for the additional switching of current switches, the electrical voltage is switched successively from the anodes of the batteries of the nth horizontal row of the battery pack with odd serial numbers from bus j to serial number bus g.

9. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the control unit for switching the control devices of the current switches has vertical rows which sequentially supply the supply voltage to the control devices of the switching unit.

10. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the current measuring and compensation unit in the measuring mode carries out a simultaneous active current compensation both in the case of overcharge and in the case of low charge from a voltage-controlled converter via a limiting resistor.

11. Method according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the current measuring and leveling block switches to the intensive active leveling mode and that in the case of significantly over- or underestimated currents compared to the average value in the intensive active compensation mode, an alternative comparison is carried out on the comparator.

12. Method according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the unit for measuring and leveling the current in the mode of intensive active leveling of significant unbalanced currents in vertical rows both in overcharge and undercharge is powered by a voltage-controlled microcontroller converter.

13. Method according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the microcontroller (MC) controls the following: - Currents in vertical rows, - a voltage-controlled converter depending on the energy level and the maximum amplitude of the unbalance voltage in the horizontal rows of the voltage measuring and balancing unit, - the unbalance current in vertical rows / lines and the current of the consumption and charging system, and that the MC determines the differential power of batteries and determines an XY indication of batteries with problems based on their electrical parameters.

14. Method according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the digital display unit performs a digital display of the serial numbers of batteries with voltage and current problems in the device and that the block is additionally equipped with a bitmap with two coordinates, the number of pixels corresponding to the number of accumulators in the block.

15. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the transformation ratios of the converters of the voltage measuring and balancing units and the current measuring and balancing units are selected by a numerical value.

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