Hot blast nozzle for assembly in the wall of a reactor vessel of reaction chambers and furnaces

Abstract

The invention relates to a hot-fire nozzle (10) for arrangement in the vessel wall of a reactor vessel of process engineering reaction chambers and furnaces, which is formed from a cast material and has a flow channel (14) with a deflection formed by a channel curvature, which serves to conduct sudden and highly pressurised gas flows, in particular air flows, which can be generated by an air cannon arranged outside the vessel wall for the purpose of dissolving material build-up inside the reactor vessel.It is provided that the hot-firing nozzle (10) has an elongated body section (20) which tapers substantially from a first end which can be connected to the air cannon to a second end (24), and a head section (30) which comprises at least one air outlet opening (32), and that a shoulder (25) is formed at the transition from the second end (24) of the body section (20) to the head section (30) on a side of the hot-firing nozzle (10) facing away from the air outlet opening (32).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a hot-fire nozzle according to the preamble of claim 1, as well as to an arrangement of a hot-fire nozzle in a vessel wall of a reactor vessel according to the preamble of claim 10. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] A hot-firing nozzle for dissolving material buildup in process-engineering reaction chambers is known, for example, from DE 20 2017 105 058 U1. The hot-firing nozzle is equipped with a gas flow channel and a deflection formed by a channel bend. An insert made of a ceramic material is provided in the cast material of the hot-firing nozzle in the area of ​​the channel bend. This insert is positioned where the particles entrained by the air flow impinge.

[0003] It is also known to design hot-fire nozzles as plug-in nozzles and to provide them with a flange for attachment to a receiving nozzle which is fastened to the vessel wall. Such a system is disclosed, for example, in DE 20 2018 105 565 U1. The system enables the hot-fire nozzle to be replaced from the outside in the event of wear, i.e. without the assembly personnel having to implement special safety measures due to assembly work that has to be carried out inside the reactor vessel. When used in incinerators in cement plants, for example, this can advantageously prevent assembly personnel from being exposed to highly toxic and carcinogenic chromate-(6) compounds when changing the nozzle. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0004] There is a need for improvements to such hot-firing nozzles, in particular to simplify handling when replacing them in the event of wear and to increase wear resistance, ideally without ceramic inserts, which have proven to be cost drivers in production. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0005] In a hot-fire nozzle according to the invention for arrangement in the vessel wall of a reactor vessel of process-engineering reaction chambers and furnaces, which is formed from a cast material and has a flow channel with a deflection formed by a channel curvature, wherein the flow channel serves to conduct sudden and highly pressurised gas flows, in particular air flows, which can be generated by an air cannon arranged outside the vessel wall for the purpose of dissolving material build-up inside the reactor vessel, it is provided that the hot-fire nozzle has an elongated body section which tapers substantially from a first end adjoining the air cannon to a second end, and that the hot-fire nozzle has a head section which comprises at least one air outlet opening,wherein a shoulder is formed at the transition of the second end of the body portion to the head portion on a side of the hot-fire nozzle facing away from the air outlet opening.

[0006] With the features of the invention, the hot-firing nozzle is functionally designed in two parts, with a head section and an adjoining body section, which are connected to each other via a shoulder. The connection of the head section to the body section via the shoulder is preferably notched.

[0007] After installation in the container wall, both parts of the head section and parts of the body section are arranged within the container wall and sealed with a fireproof material. The head section is preferably precisely matched to the size of the generally cylindrical container wall opening and seals the container wall opening against the penetration of combustion products and harmful particles.

[0008] Below the shoulder, in the area of ​​the body section, there is a gap to the cylindrical through-hole in the vessel wall, which can be filled with a lightweight, refractory material. The tapered body section in this area allows for easier disassembly of the system due to the presence of lower friction. Advantageously, less material can also be used, making the casting lighter and therefore easier to handle for assembly personnel.

[0009] Even more advantageously, the gap also compensates for any stresses that may arise due to different thermal expansion coefficients between the hot-firing nozzle and the container wall. The gap can be filled with a material with a thermal expansion coefficient that lies between the thermal expansion coefficient of the hot-firing nozzle and the thermal expansion coefficient of the container wall.

[0010] Normally, the air outlet opening is oriented downwards (in the direction of gravity) after the nozzle is installed. Therefore, it is advantageous to provide a virtually seamless transition between the body and head sections on the side of the air outlet opening of the hot-firing nozzle. This ensures that the air outlet can be positioned directly on the inside of the container wall, while at the same time, the center of gravity of the hot-firing nozzle is shifted toward the lower end of the container wall opening, thus ensuring a stable position of the hot-firing nozzle within the container wall opening.

[0011] Advantageously, the wall thickness of the body section is essentially constant along its longitudinal extent, and the air flow channel in the body section tapers along its longitudinal extent. The taper of the outer wall of the body section is followed by the inner wall, which has the advantageous effect that the compression of the air flow does not only occur in the head section of the hot-firing nozzle, but rather begins beforehand in the body section. This has the particular advantage that the air is not accelerated again in the head section, but rather, due to Bernoulli's law, already in the body section. This design leads significantly to reduced wear in the area of ​​the head section and to a longer service life.

[0012] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the air flow channel at the transition to the head section is reduced by at least 10-50%, preferably at least 20-50%, even more preferably by 30-50%, relative to the cross-sectional area at the first end that can be closed off to the air cannon, or relative to a maximum cross-sectional area of ​​the air flow channel in the body section. Depending on the design of the hot-firing nozzle, a cross-sectional enlargement may or may not be provided directly after the flange area for connection to the air cannon in the body section. The cross-sectional area is determined perpendicular to the main flow direction of the air stream, or in the longitudinal direction of the elongated hot-firing nozzle.

[0013] Part of the deflection, preferably a substantial deflection, of the air flow occurs in the head section of the hot-firing nozzle. In the context of the present disclosure, a substantial deflection is understood to mean a deflection of 50% of a deflection angle, wherein the deflection angle is defined by the angle of an inflow direction and an outflow direction of the air flow. If the hot-firing nozzle is installed perpendicular to the container wall, a deflection of the air blast by 90° is generally provided. The substantial deflection in the head section then means that at least 45° of the deflection occurs in the head section. In the case of an installation that runs obliquely into the container wall, for example in a funnel wall with an inclination angle of 45°, the deflection is defined accordingly, for example as a 45° angle between the inflow direction and the outflow direction.Even in such a case, it is intended that the essential deflection, i.e. in this example at least 22.5° deflection, takes place in the head section.

[0014] However, by tapering the flow channel in the area of ​​the body section, a portion of the deflection also occurs, preferably a significant deflection of the airflow of up to 10%, 20%, 30%, or up to 50%, in the body section. Because a significant portion of the deflection occurs in the body section, wear on the hot-firing nozzle in the head section is reduced.

[0015] Since temperatures within the vessel are generally very high, shifting part of the airflow deflection to a less hot area of ​​the vessel wall results in less wear due to the concentrated impact of hot air molecules in the head section. Preferably, the deflection by changing the curvature of the flow channel begins at least 50 mm, more preferably at least 100 mm, from the air outlet opening.

[0016] The measures of the invention result in a significant improvement over DE 20 2017 105 058 U1, where the hot-fire nozzle has a tubular body section without a tapered flow channel and an adjoining head section with a sharply tapered flow channel. The deflection occurs exclusively in the head section and not, as in the present invention, partially in the body section. By bringing the deflection forward into a less hot area, less material abrasion occurs.

[0017] In the present invention, it is preferably provided that the wall thickness of the head section is increased in the region of the essential deflection of the air flow, or in other words, that the head region is provided with a sacrificial mass in the region of the essential deflection. Additionally or alternatively, it is possible for the wall section to be reinforced in this region by an insert, in particular a ceramic insert. Ideally, however, wear in the head section is reduced to such an extent due to the geometric taper in the body section that sufficient wear resistance can be achieved in the head section without additional measures such as the ceramic insert.

[0018] In order to use the energy of the air blast generated by the air cannon as concentrated and effectively as possible to remove the deposits within the reaction vessel, a directed air blast is preferred. The head section can have one or more air outlet openings. The air outlet openings enable a burst-like air discharge in a circumferentially limited area of ​​a full circle around the hot-firing nozzle, preferably less than 180°, more preferably less than 120°. The specific design of the air outlet openings, however, is application-dependent and depends in particular on the type of material to be removed, adhesion to the vessel wall, and the like. In a preferred embodiment, two adjacent air outlet openings are provided, which are spaced from one another by a rib.

[0019] The hot-fire nozzle is preferably made of solid material, in particular cast steel, and consists of a heat-resistant cast material.

[0020] In an advantageous embodiment, the hot-fire nozzle is designed as a plug-in nozzle and has a connecting flange for attachment to a receiving nozzle.

[0021] According to a further aspect of the invention, an arrangement of such a hot-fire nozzle is provided in a vessel wall of a reactor vessel of a process reaction chamber or a process refining furnace, wherein the head section of the hot-fire nozzle has a first part protruding from the vessel wall and a second part sunk into the vessel wall.

[0022] Preferably, the hot-fire nozzle is arranged in the container wall in such a way that the deflection of the flow channel by the change in curvature of the flow channel already begins at least 50 mm, more preferably at least 100 mm deep in the container wall.

[0023] After installation in the container wall, for example, it is provided that a longitudinal axis of the hot-firing nozzle and a container wall plane enclose an angle of 45° or 90° as described above, although this is not a limitation for the invention. Rather, a multitude of installation variants are possible. The angle between the hot-firing nozzle and the container wall plane depends primarily on the shape of the container wall plane itself. The hot-firing nozzle is advantageously installed with the air outlet opening and the transition-free section from the head to the body section in the direction of gravity. The hot-firing nozzle is preferably located horizontally in the container wall opening. This is advantageous because the vibrations caused by the air blasts from the air cannon do not significantly change the stable position of the hot-firing nozzle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. The drawings represent the subject matter purely schematically. A person skilled in the art will recognize numerous possible embodiments within the scope of the claims.

[0025] They show: Figure 1 shows a hot-fire nozzle according to a first embodiment of the invention in perspective view, Figure 2 shows the hot-fire nozzle from Figure 1 at a different angle, Figure 3 an arrangement of the hot firing nozzle according Figure 1 in a vessel wall of a reactor vessel in sectional view, Figure 4 the arrangement according to Figure 3 with inserted rib, Figure 5 a hot-fire nozzle according to a second embodiment of the invention in perspective view, Figure 6 the hot-fire nozzle from Figure 5 at a different angle, Figure 7 an arrangement of the hot firing nozzle according to Figure 5 in a vessel wall of a reactor vessel in sectional view and Figure 8 the arrangement according to Figure 7 with rib shown. EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0026] The invention is illustrated by two embodiments, wherein the Figures 1-4 show an installation of a hot-fire nozzle 10 in a container wall 40 at an angle of 90° and Figures 5-8 an arrangement with a hot-fire nozzle 10 and a container wall 40 in the case of installation at an angle of 45°. In the latter case, it can be, for example, an inlet chute for a rotary kiln.

[0027] Figure 1 shows a hot-firing nozzle 10 according to an embodiment of the invention. The hot-firing nozzle 10 is mirror-symmetrical. The hot-firing nozzle has a connecting flange 12 as an insert nozzle, which, as shown in Figures 3 and 4visibly fastened by means of screws to a corresponding receiving socket 48. For this purpose, a plurality of boreholes are provided in the connecting flange 12. The hot-fire nozzle 10 comprises a body portion 20 with a first end 22 that adjoins the connecting flange 12. A second end 24 of the body portion 20 ends at a shoulder 25, which forms the transition to a head portion 30.

[0028] In the illustrated embodiment, the head section 30 comprises, by way of example and without limitation to the invention, two air outlet openings 32, which are spaced apart by a rib 34. The rib 34 stabilizes the head section 30.

[0029] The shoulder 25 is as particularly in Figure 2visibly not formed circumferentially around the elongated body section 20. The body section 20 and the head section 30 merge seamlessly into one another on the side of the air outlet opening 32 of the hot-firing nozzle 10. This advantageously results in the Figures 3 and 4 The installation position of the hot-firing nozzle 10 in the container wall 40 is shown. The air outlet opening 32 is directed downwards. In the lower area, the hot-firing nozzle 10 rests flatly in the through-opening 42 of the container wall 40. The air outlet occurs in a circumferentially limited area, namely, in a circular section of the container wall 40.

[0030] On the side of the shoulder 25, however, only a portion of the head section 30 rests against the through-opening 42 of the container wall 40. A gap 44 is provided below the shoulder 25, which simplifies the disassembly of the hot-firing nozzle 10. The gap 44 can be filled with a refractory sealing material.

[0031] As in Figure 4 As can be clearly seen, the head section 30 protrudes from the container wall 40 by a portion 38. The remaining part of the head section 30, however, is recessed into the container wall 40.

[0032] As in the Figure 3 As can be clearly seen, the inner wall 16 of the body section 20 tapers along its longitudinal extent, while the wall thickness of the body section 20 remains essentially constant. The inner wall 16 of the air flow channel 14 is preferably formed by a continuously differentiable surface which changes its radius of curvature over a wide range. A maximum cross-section 26 (cf. Fig. 3) is present in the connection area 28 to the air cannon, although in this exemplary embodiment not at the end of the component. Up to the shoulder 25, the cross-sectional area of ​​the air flow channel 14 is reduced by approximately 30-50% in this case relative to the maximum cross-sectional area 16 of the air flow channel 14.

[0033] The deflection 18 of the air flow occurs to a significant extent in the region of the head section 30 and, due to the tapering of the inner wall 16 of the body section 20, also to a significant extent in the region of the body section 20. At two exemplary points P1 and P2, which are shown before (P1) the shoulder 25 and after (P2) the shoulder 25 as viewed from the connection to the air cannon, it can be seen that the air flow has already been deflected by 11.2° at point P1. At P2, a deflection of 25° has occurred. In relation to the total deflection of 90° in this case, this corresponds to a percentage of between 12% and 28% at the location of the shoulder 25, which is considered advantageous for the invention. The remaining significant portion of the deflection 18 occurs in the head section 30.

[0034] The head section 30 has a maximum reinforcement 36 in the area where the air blast hits most strongly.

[0035] In Figures 5-8 an alternative embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein here the hot-fire nozzle 10 is somewhat more elongated so that it can be passed through a container wall 40 at an angle of 45°.

[0036] A repeated description of the components is omitted. Components with the same function are designated by the same reference symbols.

[0037] In practice, the hot-firing nozzle 10 is typically installed horizontally, and the container wall 40 is inclined. The hot-firing nozzle 10 thus rests with its full weight on its underside, where the air outlet openings 32 are also located.

[0038] A difference arises with regard to the absolute value of the deflection 18 in the area of ​​the shoulder 25. As can be seen from the example point P3, shortly behind the shoulder 25 a deflection of the air flow of 9.6° has occurred, which corresponds to approximately 21% in relation to the deflection angle of 45°. REFERENCE SYMBOL

[0039] 10 hot-firing nozzle; 12 connecting flange; 14 flow channel; 16 inner wall; 18 deflection; 20 body section; 22 first end; 24 second end; 25 shoulder; 26 maximum cross-section; 28 connecting area; 30 head section; 32 air outlet opening; 34 rib; 36 maximum reinforced area; 38 part protruding from the vessel wall; 40 vessel wall; 42 through opening; 44 gap; 46 connecting flange; 48 receiving nozzle

Claims

1. Hot-fire nozzle (10) for arrangement in the vessel wall (40) of a reactor vessel of process engineering reaction chambers and furnaces, which is formed from a cast material and has a flow channel (14) with a deflection formed by a channel curvature, which serves to conduct sudden and high-pressure gas flows, in particular air flows, which can be generated by an air cannon arranged outside the vessel wall (40) for the purpose of dissolving material build-up inside the reactor vessel, characterized in thatthe hot-firing nozzle (10) has an elongated body section (20) which tapers substantially from a first end connectable to the air cannon to a second end (24), and a head section (30) which comprises at least one air outlet opening (32), and wherein a shoulder (25) is formed at the transition from the second end (24) of the body section (20) to the head section (30) on a side of the hot-firing nozzle (10) facing away from the air outlet opening (32).

2. Hot-fire nozzle (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the body section (20) and the head section (30) on the side of the air outlet opening (32) of the hot-firing nozzle (10) merge into one another essentially seamlessly.

3. Hot-fire nozzle (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wall thickness of the body portion (20) is substantially constant over its longitudinal extent and the air flow channel in the body portion (20) tapers over its longitudinal extent.

4. Hot-fire nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the transition to the head section (30), the cross-sectional area of ​​the air flow channel is reduced by at least 10% to 50%, preferably by at least 20% to 50%, even more preferably by 30% to 50% in relation to the cross-sectional area at the first end connectable to the air cannon or in relation to a maximum cross-sectional area of ​​the air flow channel in the body section (20).

5. Hot-fire nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a significant deflection (18) of the air flow occurs in the head section (30) and a not insignificant deflection (18) occurs in the body section (20).

6. Hot-fire nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall thickness of the head section (30) is increased in the area of ​​a significant deflection of the air flow.

7. Hot-fire nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatthe head section (30) has two adjacent air outlet openings which are spaced from each other by a rib (34).

8. Hot-fire nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air outlet openings (32) of the head section (30) enable a burst-like air outlet in a circumferentially limited area which comprises less than 180°, more preferably less than 120° of a full circle.

9. Hot-fire nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hot-fire nozzle (10) is made of solid material and consists of a heat-resistant cast material.

10. Arrangement of a hot-fire nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims in an opening of a container wall (40) of a reactor vessel of a process reaction chamber or a furnace, characterized in thatthe head section (30) of the hot-firing nozzle (10) has a first part protruding from the container wall (40) and a second part sunk into the container wall (40).

11. Arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that the body section (20) and the head section (30) on the side of the air outlet opening (32) of the hot-firing nozzle (10) fit snugly against the container wall opening.

12. Arrangement according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a longitudinal axis of the hot-fire nozzle (10) and a container wall plane enclose an angle of approximately 45° or approximately 90°.

Images