Composting plant and process for producing compost

Abstract

The invention relates to a composting plant (1) having a structural-material fill formed by organic structural material, for example straw. The composting plant also comprises at least one distributor system (18) for an organic fermentation product (33) and for an additive material (43) different from the organic fermentation product, wherein the additive material is preferably suitable and / or designed for fixing or binding molecular nitrogen. An open-loop and / or closed-loop control device is also provided, by means of which the at least one distributor system (18) can be controlled in order to distribute organic fermentation product (33) at defined times in defined amounts and / or to distribute additive material (43) at defined times in defined amounts in a controlled manner on and / or in the structural-material fill (6).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Composting plant and process for compost production

[0003] The invention relates to a composting plant according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing compost according to the preamble of claim 36.

[0004] A well-known composting plant has an open-topped composting basin as a composting container, into which straw is introduced as an organic structural material in the form of a structural material bed. Manure is then applied to this bed as a liquid organic fermentation product. With such a composting plant, compost production using manure is possible with a beneficial volume reduction and manure utilization. However, during this type of compost production, some components, such as nitrogen, which are important for compost production, escape. As a result, the compost quality is comparatively low and the commercial marketing of compost produced in this way is compromised. In addition, environmentally harmful substances such as NH3 (ammonia) and N2O (laughing gas) also escape.

[0005] The object of the invention is therefore to create a composting plant and a method for compost production with which compost of high quality can be produced.

[0006] This problem is solved by the features of the independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0007] According to claim 1, a composting plant with a structural material bed made of an organic structural material is provided.

[0008] Furthermore, at least one distribution system is provided for an organic fermentation product and for a dosing material different from the organic fermentation product. Preferably, the dosing material is suitable and / or designed to fix or bind volatile and / or leaching compounds and thus retain them in the structural material bed during and when the dosing material is applied to or introduced into the structural material bed.

[0009] The term "volatile and / or leaching compound" is expressly to be understood in a broad sense and is intended to encompass any liquid and / or gaseous compound, as well as, where appropriate, any liquid and / or gaseous pure substance that is or should be retained in a fertilizer but is at risk of being lost during the composting technique described here. The volatile and / or leaching compounds are preferably nitrogen-containing compounds, preferably ammonia (NH3) and / or ammonium (NH4+) and / or nitrous oxide (N2O), and / or phosphorus-containing compounds, preferably phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), and / or potassium-containing compounds, preferably potassium oxide (K2O), and / or magnesium-containing compounds, preferably magnesium oxide (MgO), and / or sulfur-containing compounds, preferably sulfur sulfate (SO4 2-).

[0010] Furthermore, a control and / or regulating device is provided, by means of which the at least one distribution system can be controlled to distribute organic fermentation product in a defined amount at defined times and / or to distribute dosing material in a defined amount at defined times onto and / or into the structural material bed. This can generally be done in different ways, for example, by metering the organic fermentation product and the dosing material onto and / or into the structural material bed sequentially, overlapping in time, or together (as a fermentation product-dosing material mixture).

[0011] With the composting system according to the invention, in addition to the organic fermentation product, a suitable additive, particularly for a defined additive binding, is also added to the structural material bed, preferably in a predeterminable ratio to the organic fermentation product, thereby achieving a significant improvement in the compost quality of the compost. However, the solution according to the invention not only achieves very good compost quality, but also reduces or minimizes environmentally harmful emissions of environmentally harmful substances, such as NH3 (ammonia) and N2O (laughing gas). The organic structural material for forming the structural material bed is preferably introduced into a composting basin, preferably one that is open at the top.At this point, however, it should be expressly stated that the term "composting basin" is to be understood broadly and comprehensively and ultimately includes any surface or plate on which a layer of structural material rests. This means that the composting basin can, but does not have to, have a basin or tub shape. For example, the composting basin may not have end walls or side walls, but merely form a support surface, or the composting basin may have no end walls and only side walls, to name just one more example.

[0012] According to a particularly preferred specific embodiment, the at least one distribution system (as viewed in the vertical axis direction) is movable above the structural material bed, preferably in a controlled manner by means of the at least one control and / or regulating device. This ensures that, in large-volume composting tanks, the distribution system has a relatively slim design and can be moved to any desired location in a targeted and controlled manner. A complex distribution system covering the entire composting tank can therefore be dispensed with in this case.

[0013] Specifically, the at least one distribution system can be connected or connectable to at least one fermentation product reservoir for organic fermentation product, from which organic fermentation product can be transferred to the distribution system. Furthermore, the at least one distribution system can also be connected or connectable to at least one dosing material reservoir for dosing material, from which dosing material can be transferred to the distribution system. This ensures that the substances to be added are always kept in sufficient quantities, thereby ensuring reliable operation of the system. For this purpose, at least one conveying device can advantageously be provided, by means of which organic fermentation product can be conveyed from the at least one fermentation product reservoir and from the at least one dosing material reservoir to the distribution system. This enables reliable supply of the materials and substances to be added.Particularly advantageous here is a specific embodiment in which, for example, at least one fermentation product conveying device is provided, by means of which organic fermentation product can be conveyed from the at least one fermentation product reservoir to the distribution system, and in which at least one dosing material conveying device is also provided, by means of which dosing material can be conveyed from the at least one dosing material reservoir to the distribution system. This enables a targeted, advantageous dosing of the respective materials at the desired times in a simple and reliable manner.

[0014] The at least one control and / or regulating device is preferably suitable and designed to move the distribution system (viewed in the vertical axis direction) above the structural material bed in a controlled manner and simultaneously to convey organic fermentation product from the at least one fermentation product reservoir by means of the at least one fermentation product conveying device and / or to convey dosing material from the at least one dosing material reservoir by means of the at least one dosing material conveying device. Such controlled dosing enables targeted and controlled operation of the system, with which the organic fermentation product and the dosing material can be dosed onto and / or into the structural material bed sequentially, with temporal overlap, or together (as a fermentation product-dosing material mixture).

[0015] According to a particularly preferred, compact, and structurally less complex embodiment, preferably only a single distribution system is provided, which forms the distribution system for both the organic digestate and the feed material. Depending on the specific design of the composting plant and, in particular, the size of the composting tank, a separate distribution system for the organic digestate and the feed material can also be provided.

[0016] According to a first specific embodiment, for example, a mixing device can be provided upstream of the at least one distribution system, in which the metered material can be controlled and mixed with the organic fermentation product locally upstream of, and thus in advance of, the organic fermentation product being fed to the at least one distribution system in a predeterminable ratio, so that a fermentation product-metered material mixture is already being fed or can be fed to the at least one distribution system. However, with certain metered materials, for example, when adding kieserite, this embodiment variant can potentially lead to problems in that the lines in the distribution system become clogged too quickly.To counteract this problem, it can therefore alternatively be provided that the at least one distribution system, preferably the only distribution system, has or forms a mixing device that is suitable and designed to controllably mix the metered material into the organic fermentation product in a predeterminable ratio before, preferably immediately before, and / or during the application of the organic fermentation product, and thus to distribute a fermentation product-metered material mixture on and / or in the structural material bed. Thus, in this embodiment, the mixing device is arranged in an integral and compact design on the distribution system or is formed by it, so that the metered material can be controlled and mixed into the organic fermentation product in the distribution system in a predeterminable ratio.The mixing device can be arranged at any suitable location, but is preferably arranged at the outlet of the distribution system or alternatively at the inlet of the distribution system.

[0017] Alternatively, it can also be provided that the separate distribution systems for organic fermentation product and dosing material are suitable and designed to distribute dosing material and organic fermentation product separately on and / or in the structural material bed.

[0018] In particular, for a simple and advantageous movement of the distribution system above the structural material bed, it is advantageous if the at least one distribution system has at least one distribution cross member which spans the composting basin and / or the structural material bed at least partially, preferably completely, above the structural material bed and which can be moved above the structural material bed in a controlled manner by means of the at least one control and regulating device. A cross member is understood here in particular to be a mechanical support on which components can be accommodated or arranged. Here too, for example, for a compact design, only a single distribution cross member can be provided which has the single distribution system. Alternatively, however, several distribution cross members can also be provided, each having a distribution system.

[0019] In principle, the at least one distribution cross member can be arranged in any desired manner above the composting basin or above the structural material bed, for example, it can be suspended and held in a movable manner on a support structure spanning the composting basin, for example, it can be suspended or held in a movable manner along at least one support in the manner of a trolley. The at least one support can be stationary or movable. Such a spanning structure can, for example, be a roof structure spanning and covering the composting basin. According to a particularly preferred specific embodiment, however, it is provided that the distribution cross member is supported on the side walls of the composting basin and can be moved along these.For this purpose, the composting basin specifically comprises a preferably plate-shaped bottom wall and two vertical, preferably parallel, side walls that border the bottom wall laterally and in the direction of travel of the distribution cross member. This allows the at least one distribution cross member to be supported on both sides on longitudinal guide rails with guide elements on the side walls in a robust, simple, and space-efficient manner, and to be moved along the side walls in a controlled manner.

[0020] In principle, the at least one dosing material reservoir can be separate from the distribution system and / or can be arranged stationary outside the composting basin, so that the at least one dosing material reservoir is connected to the distribution system by means of a pipe and / or line connection, preferably a permanent and / or lockable connection. In this case, the at least one dosing material reservoir can be connected to the distribution system, for example, via at least one hose and / or pipe, wherein the hose and / or pipe then preferably has a length that takes into account and follows the travel path of the distribution system.Overall, however, this is very complex in terms of manufacturing technology and construction, so that according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present inventive idea, it is provided that the at least one metered material storage device forms part of the distribution system, preferably the at least one metered material storage device is arranged on the distribution system, most preferably the at least one metered material storage device is arranged so that it can be moved along with the distribution traverse.Furthermore, at least one, preferably stationary, dosing material storage device, preferably a storage container, can be provided in the area outside the composting basin, and the distribution system which can be moved above the structural material fill can then have a controllable stop in the area of ​​the at least one dosing material storage device, preferably at a longitudinal end of the composting basin, at which the dosing material storage device which can be moved along with the distribution system can be filled from the at least one associated dosing material storage device, preferably by means of at least one filling line which can be coupled to the dosing material storage device.The at least one dosing material storage tank, which is preferably larger than the dosing material storage tank that can be moved along with the distribution system, can be arranged here, for example, laterally next to or, as seen in the vertical axis direction, above the composting basin.

[0021] What has been stated above for the at least one dosing material storage also applies in a figurative sense to the at least one fermentation product storage:

[0022] For example, the at least one fermentation product storage unit may not be part of the distribution system and / or be arranged stationary outside the composting basin, so that the at least one fermentation product storage unit is connected to the distribution system by means of a pipe and / or line connection, preferably a permanent and / or lockable connection. The fermentation product storage unit may, for example, simply be formed by a channel that runs along one or more sides of a composting basin and in which the organic fermentation product is collected. Alternatively, the fermentation product storage unit may also be designed in another way, for example by a storage container that is connected to the distribution system via at least one hose and / or pipe, wherein the hose and / or pipe then preferably has a length that takes into account and follows the travel path of the distribution system.This can be achieved, for example, using a hose reel with a hose that can be wound up and unwound. The hose reel or reel can be arranged, for example, on the distribution system, for example on the distribution cross member. The winding and unwinding of the hose can be easily adapted to the respective travel path of the distribution system or, in this specific case, to the travel path of the distribution cross member, so that the entire hose does not have to be unwound each time. For this reason, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, the hose is a dimensionally stable hose that can be wound up and unwound and can conduct the liquid organic fermentation product, such as liquid manure, both in the wound up and unwound state.In principle, however, alternatively or additionally, it could also be provided that the at least one or at least one fermentation product storage device forms part of the distribution system, preferably the at least one or at least one fermentation product storage device is arranged on the distribution system, most preferably the at least one or at least one fermentation product storage device is arranged so as to be movable on the distribution traverse.In particular, in conjunction with such a fermentation product storage tank arranged on the distribution system, at least one, preferably stationary, fermentation product storage tank, preferably a storage container, can then be provided in the area outside the composting basin, and the distribution system which can be moved above the structural material fill can then have a controllable stop in the area of ​​the at least one fermentation product storage tank, preferably at a longitudinal end of the composting basin, at which the fermentation product storage tank which can be moved along with the distribution system can be filled from the at least one associated fermentation product storage tank, preferably by means of at least one filling line which can be coupled to the fermentation product storage tank.The at least one fermentation product storage tank, which is preferably larger than the fermentation product storage tank that can be moved along with the distribution system, can be arranged here, for example, to the side next to or, as seen in the vertical axis direction, above the composting basin.

[0023] A particularly simple and functionally reliable distribution of the material to be added to the bed is achieved with a distribution system designed as a distribution pipe system, which has at least one, preferably exactly one, outlet pipe extending over at least a portion of the length of the distributor cross member and having at least one, preferably one, outlet pipe with a plurality of outlet devices, preferably outlet openings, spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction. Alternatively, the distributor cross member can also be formed by at least one, preferably exactly one, outlet pipe with at least one outlet device, preferably by an outlet pipe with a plurality of outlet devices, preferably outlet openings, spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction.In a particularly simple embodiment, the outflow devices can be formed by holes and / or slots, but optionally by channel-shaped overflows.

[0024] The distribution system preferably has at least one mixing and stirring element engaging in the structural material bed, preferably a plurality of mixing and stirring elements spaced apart from one another and engaging in the structural material bed. Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that at least one mixing and stirring element engaging in the structural material bed, preferably a plurality of mixing and stirring elements spaced apart from one another and engaging in the structural material bed, is or are arranged on the distribution system, preferably on the distribution cross member, most preferably on the outlet pipe of the distribution system designed as a distribution pipe system. For example, the distribution system orThe distributor cross member can accommodate a plurality of spaced-apart mixing and stirring elements, for example, directed downwards in the vertical axis direction, engaging in the structural material bed. These mixing and stirring elements can be designed, for example, as mixing and stirring elements that can be moved downwards and / or laterally in the vertical axis direction and can be driven in a controlled rotational manner. The at least one mixing and stirring element is preferably designed as a mixing screw and / or mixing paddle. With such mixing and stirring elements, the structural material bed can be loosened and mixed as needed using the distributor cross member.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment, the distribution system or, preferably, the discharge devices are at least partially suitable and designed to deliver the feed material and organic fermentation product or a fermentation product / feed material mixture directly onto the at least one mixing and stirring element, preferably by spraying or injecting it directly onto the at least one mixing and stirring element. This allows for a very compact design, and distribution can also be carried out quickly without unnecessary loss of time.

[0026] The composting plant can be operated in batch mode, and the produced compost can then be removed from the composting basin after the desired composting time. This can lead to undesirable downtimes, particularly in large or multiple composting plants. As an alternative to batch mode, the composting plant can therefore also be operated in continuous flow mode. For this purpose, the composting plant then preferably has a feed device by means of which the bulk structural material can be moved through the composting basin along a feed direction, preferably controlled by the control and / or regulating device, wherein the feed speed is preferably 1 to 5 meters per day, most preferably 1 to 3 meters per day. At the end of the conveying path, a drying device and / or a pelletizing device can then optionally be provided.

[0027] The feed device can be formed by a conveyor floor, in particular in the form of a conveyor belt, and / or by at least one conveyor screw. A particularly preferred embodiment is one in which the at least one conveyor screw is formed by a conveyor screw that simultaneously forms the mixing and stirring element, as described above. Thus, the at least one conveyor screw is formed by a mixing and stirring element that engages in the structural material bed and is preferably arranged on the distribution system, most preferably on the distribution cross member or on the outlet pipe of the distribution system designed as a distribution pipe system. In order to achieve the desired feed, the at least one conveyor screw is inclined relative to the vertical, viewed in the conveying direction, preferably inclined forward relative to the vertical with a corresponding direction of rotation.Particularly preferred for effective feed is a structure in which two conveyor screws form a conveyor screw pair in the manner of a twin-screw extruder, wherein it is preferably provided that several spaced-apart conveyor screw pairs are provided.

[0028] A key factor in achieving high-quality compost is the uniform distribution of the fermentation product with the added additive material onto and / or into the structural material bed across the entire length and width of the composting basin. For a uniform distribution of the fermentation product with the additive material, a distribution pipe system comprising multiple pipe branches can also be provided as the distribution system. According to a particularly preferred specific embodiment, a structure is proposed in which the distribution pipe system comprises a main pipe connected to the outlet pipe via a pipe system that preferably branches multiple times.

[0029] The concrete implementation of such a particularly advantageous embodiment with a main pipe and an outflow pipe connected to it via a branched piping system can be carried out here, for example, such that the main pipe is guided approximately to the middle of the distributor cross member as far as a first pipe branch, at which an intermediate pipe branches off, which extends with a first intermediate pipe part back in the direction of the main pipe as far as a second pipe branch and with a second intermediate pipe part in the direction away from the main pipe as far as a third pipe branch, wherein a longitudinal pipe is connected to each of the second pipe branch and the third pipe branch. These longitudinal pipes extend, based on the longitudinal direction of the distributor cross member, over a left- and right-hand section of the distributor cross member, preferably approximately over half to one-third of the length of the distributor cross member.In addition, these two longitudinal pipes can each be connected by several standpipes, preferably by several equally spaced standpipes, to the outlet pipe running over the length of the distributor cross member above the structural material bed.

[0030] In addition, one or more valves that can be controlled by the control and / or regulating device can be arranged in the pipes of this distribution pipe system, i.e., in the main pipe and / or the intermediate pipe and / or the longitudinal pipes and / or the standpipes. This allows for an advantageous and simple change of flow diameters and / or the shutoff of individual pipe sections of the distribution pipe system, particularly for a targeted influence on the distribution of the material to be applied.

[0031] For easy removal of the dosing material, it is preferably provided that the at least one dosing material reservoir has a controllable dosing element as a dosing material conveying device, by means of which the dosing material can be discharged from the dosing material reservoir in a controlled manner. For a robust construction, it is preferably provided that the controllable dosing element or the dosing material conveying device is a dosing screw. Specifically, it can, for example, be further alternatively or additionally provided that the at least one dosing material reservoir has a dosing outlet which is connected to an inlet of the distribution system, for example to the main pipe or outlet pipe of the distribution pipe system described above, and / or in which the controllable dosing element is arranged.

[0032] For example, in conjunction with a particularly preferred specific embodiment, it can be provided that the at least one fermentation product conveying device is arranged at an inlet of the distribution system, in particular at an inlet of the distribution system formed by the main pipe or outlet pipe of the above-described distribution pipe system. According to this particularly preferred embodiment, this pipe then forms the inlet of the distribution system, which is connected, preferably by means of a line connection, most preferably by means of a pipe connection, to a fermentation product storage tank and / or fermentation product reservoir arranged outside the composting basin. The dosing outlet of the dosing material reservoir is then preferably connected to the distribution system downstream of the fermentation product conveying device, particularly in the case of a shared distribution system for organic fermentation product and dosing material.This creates a simple and compact design that also enables reliable operation.

[0033] For suitable process management and economical operation of the composting plant, it is preferably designed to be relatively large. According to a preferred embodiment, it is therefore provided that the composting basin has a rectangular base wall, in particular a rectangular base plate as the base wall, wherein it is preferably provided that the rectangular base wall has a length of 50 m to 300 m, most preferably a length of 50 m to 200 m, and / or a width of 10 m to 30 m, most preferably 10 to 20 m, and / or that the width is spanned by the distribution system, preferably by the distribution traverse. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the composting basin has two longitudinal walls as side walls, wherein it is preferably provided that the height of the side walls is 1.5 m to 4 m, preferably 1.5 m to 3 m, so that a suitable height of the structural material fill, for example of approximately 2.0 m, can then be introduced there.

[0034] Varying weather conditions, especially rain ingress into the structural material bed, can disrupt a consistent composting process and potentially lead to a reduction in the quality of the compost. Therefore, it is particularly advantageous to locate the composting basin in a hall under a roof. If gas exchange with the environment is desired, a hall with a roof and at least partially open walls is advantageous.

[0035] Alternatively or additionally, the composting basin may also have two end walls. Alternatively, the composting basin may be open at least on one end (preferably one wide side). This allows vehicles to drive directly onto the bottom wall of the composting basin to introduce the structural material or to spread the finished compost.

[0036] Precise and predeterminable dosing of feed material to the fermentation product can be achieved simply by providing a flow measuring device that is suitable and configured to measure the fermentation product flow rate when the fermentation product conveying device, for example, a fermentation product pump, is activated and feeds a corresponding flow measurement signal to a ratio controller of the control and / or regulating device, the output signal of which is the setpoint for a control element of the control and / or regulating device. This control element, for example, in turn controls a controllable dosing element forming the feed material conveying device, which is suitable and configured to discharge feed material in a predetermined ratio from the feed material reservoir and, for example, ultimately dose it to the organic fermentation product or the structural material bed.Alternatively or additionally, the control element can of course also optionally control the fermentation product conveying device, which is suitable and designed to remove organic fermentation product from the fermentation product storage in a predetermined ratio.

[0037] The flow measuring device can be formed by a separate flow measuring device and / or by a fermentation product conveying device designed as a fermentation product pump, in which the flow rate is derived and determined from the pump speed.

[0038] Alternatively or additionally, this can also be achieved by providing a temperature measuring device that is suitable and designed to measure the temperature of the structural material inoculated with or without dosing material in the structural material bed and supplying a corresponding temperature signal to a ratio controller of the control and / or regulating device, the output signal of which is the setpoint for a control element of the control and / or regulating device. This control element, for example, in turn controls a controllable dosing element forming the dosing material conveying device, which is suitable and designed to discharge dosing material in a predetermined ratio from the dosing material reservoir and, for example, ultimately dose it into the organic fermentation product or the structural material bed.Alternatively or additionally, the control element can optionally also control the digestate conveying device, which is designed and constructed to discharge organic digestate from the digestate storage tank at a predetermined ratio. Temperature measurement can be carried out using suitable temperature sensors, for example, sensors inserted into the bed or contactlessly using infrared sensors.

[0039] Particularly in conjunction with temperature measurement, it can be advantageous to divide the structural material bed into individual zones and perform a temperature measurement in each individual zone, for example, by providing at least one temperature measuring device per zone. This zone-based temperature measurement allows the addition of the added material to be carried out depending on the temperature measured in the respective zone. This allows for very precise and fine adjustment of the compost quality of the structural material bed, especially in a continuous flow process in which the bulk material is moved.

[0040] In principle, any compostable organic structural element, optionally as a mixture of different organic structural elements, can be used for the structural element bed. Straw bed is particularly suitable for the composting plant according to the invention and the composting process that can be carried out therewith, since straw is usually available in large quantities, for example as an agricultural by-product, and is easy to handle. Accordingly, the organic structural material is formed by straw or predominantly by straw.

[0041] The organic fermentation product is preferably a liquid organic fermentation product, preferably manure or predominantly manure, although in principle, various liquid fermentation products can also be used. However, manure is particularly suitable because it is generated in large quantities as a waste product, particularly in large-scale livestock farming, and can be disposed of sustainably using the compost production process according to the invention.

[0042] The dosing material can theoretically be formed by or comprise any suitable macronutrient, such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si).

[0043] Alternatively or additionally, the dosing material may be formed by or comprise any suitable micronutrient, such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and molybdenum (Mo) as well as the non-metals chlorine (Cl) and boron (B).

[0044] Further alternatively or additionally, the dosing material may be formed by rock flour or comprise rock flour, preferably rock flour from at least one of the following starting rocks:

[0045] - Basalt

[0046] - Diabase

[0047] - Lava

[0048] - Quartz

[0049] - Zeolite

[0050] - Granit

[0051] Further alternatively or additionally, the dosing material may be formed by or comprise microorganisms, preferably by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, most preferably Azotobacter.

[0052] However, it is particularly preferred that the metered material comprises or is formed by magnesium oxide (MgO), preferably kieserite, most preferably kieserite with 20 to 30% magnesium oxide (MgO), which can be metered into a nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing organic fermentation product, preferably formed from liquid manure, to form MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) or struvite. The metering is preferably carried out such that the magnesium oxide (MgO), preferably kieserite, most preferably kieserite with 20 to 30% magnesium oxide (MgO), is metered into the nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing organic fermentation product such that 1 kg to 6 kg, preferably 2 kg to 5 kg, most preferably 3 kg, of metered material is metered per m3 of organic fermentation product.As the inventors' experiments have shown, the addition of kieserite to, for example, cattle or pig manure as an organic fermentation product produces MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate), also known as struvite. This MAP is capable of fixing approximately 60 to 80% of the nitrogen in the manure or in the structural material, preferably straw. Phosphorus could then be added for even further nitrogen fixation. This makes it possible to enrich the structural material not only with nitrogen and phosphorus, but also with magnesium through the addition of kieserite, or to retain these elements in the structural material. The MAP complexes only dissolve once they have been spread on a field, for example, and worked into the soil, because the roots then create an acidic environment that not only facilitates the plant's nutrient uptake but also dissolves the MAP complex.The advantage of MAP complexes is that they are so stable that they are not washed out of the soil and therefore do not penetrate into the groundwater.

[0053] A further advantage of MAP formation or MAP complexes is that the leaching of nitrate (NO3) and nitrite (NO2) in the soil can be successfully reduced or avoided, since the MAP formation means that the nitrogen is no longer freely available but is bound in the MAP and can therefore no longer be leached out as nitrate and / or nitrite.

[0054] Alternatively or additionally, the feed material can also be formed from or comprise biochar, preferably biochar produced by pyrolytic carbonization of plant-based raw materials, preferably as charcoal. The biochar acts like a kind of sponge, retaining the substances in the structural material bed.

[0055] The advantages resulting from the process according to the invention are identical to those of the composting plant discussed in detail above. Therefore, to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above explanations.

[0056] The invention is further explained by way of example with reference to a drawing.

[0057] They show:

[0058] Fig. 1 is a perspective, schematic view of an exemplary composting plant according to the invention in the longitudinal direction, Fig. 2 is an exemplary schematic control system or control device for the composting process, and

[0059] Fig. 3 shows a schematic side view of the composting plant of Fig. 1.

[0060] Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a composting plant 1 according to the invention, schematically in perspective and, by way of example, in the longitudinal direction. The composting plant 1 comprises a trough-shaped, for example, concrete, composting basin 2, which is open at the top and serves as a composting container. It is designed with a base plate 3 as the bottom wall and, in the present exemplary embodiment, has a length of 200 m and a width of 20 m, for example. Furthermore, the composting basin 2 has two side walls 4, 5, for example, with a height of approximately 2 m.

[0061] A layer of structural material, in the present embodiment a layer of straw 6, with a layer height of, for example, 1.7 m above the base plate 3 has already been introduced into the composting basin 2.

[0062] The composting facility 1, in particular the composting basin 2, is further housed, for example, in a hall 7, with a hall roof 8 covering the composting basin 2. In the example shown here, the hall sides and the rear wall and / or the front wall are open.

[0063] The composting basin 2 can also be open at a front and / or rear end or wide side wall for easy bulk material transport.

[0064] A distributor cross member 9 forms part of a distribution system, which is designed here as a distribution pipe system 18, for example (and described in more detail below). The distributor cross member 9 extends across the entire width of the composting basin 2 above the straw bed 6 and is supported on both sides on longitudinal guide rails 10, 11 on the side walls 4, 5, for example, by means of guide elements 12, 13, which are designed, for example, as rollers or sliding elements, and can be moved back and forth along the side walls 4, 5 in a controlled and motor-driven manner, as indicated by the double arrows 14, 15. On one side of the distributor cross member 9, a digestate conveying device, designed, for example, as a slurry pump 16, is arranged, which is connected by a pipe connection 17 to a line connection (not shown) to a slurry storage container, also not shown, as a digestate storage device.In the example shown here, the slurry pump 16 is used to pump slurry, as an example of a suitable organic fermentation product, as needed via the distribution pipe system 18 to an outlet pipe 19 extending along the length of the distribution cross member 9 or across the width of the composting basin 2. Outlet openings for slurry application are preferably distributed over the entire length of the outlet pipe, preferably across the entire width of the straw bed, as schematically illustrated by the outlet arrows 20. For this purpose, the outlet pipe 19 can have bores and / or slots and / or overflows as outlet openings.

[0065] To ensure the most uniform discharge pressure at the discharge openings, the distributor pipe system 18 has a main pipe 21 connected to the slurry pump 16, which leads approximately to the middle of the distributor cross member 9 to a first pipe branch 21a, at which an intermediate pipe 22 branches off, which extends with a first intermediate pipe part 22a again in the direction of the main pipe 21 to a second pipe branch 22b and with a second intermediate pipe part 22c in the direction away from the main pipe 21 to a third pipe branch 22d, wherein a longitudinal pipe 23 is connected to each of the second pipe branch 22b and the third pipe branch 22c, which, with respect to the longitudinal direction of the distributor cross member 9, extend over a left- and right-hand part of the distributor cross member 9, here, for example, approximately over half to one-third of the length of the distributor cross member 9 extend.These longitudinal pipes 23 are then connected to the outlet pipe 19 by means of vertically configured standpipes 24, each spaced apart from one another. Motor-operated or manually operable valves (not shown) can also be arranged in at least some of the pipes 21, 22, 23, 24 of the distribution pipe system 18 for adjustment purposes.

[0066] Furthermore, mixing and stirring elements 25, in particular as mixing screws and / or mixing paddles, are arranged on the distributor cross member 9 for mixing and loosening the straw bed 6, which can optionally be extended downwards and / or moved laterally and can be driven in a controlled manner in rotation, of which three mixing and stirring elements 25 are shown next to one another as an example in Figure 1. Furthermore, at least one, here only one, metered material reservoir 26 is arranged on the distributor cross member 9 and can be moved along with it, which can be filled and refilled with metered material from a preferably considerably larger, stationary metered material storage reservoir 27 via a filling pipe 28.

[0067] The dosing material reservoir 26 is connected here, for example, via a dosing outlet and a controllable dosing element forming a dosing material conveying device (shown here in a highly schematic manner as a dosing screw 30) to the main pipe 21 of the piping system 18, specifically downstream of or after the slurry pump 16.

[0068] Filling or refilling of the dosing material reservoir 26 with dosing material from the dosing material storage container 27 is carried out here using a control and regulating device (not explicitly shown), for example when the distributor cross member 9 is in a holding and rest position in the area of ​​the dosing material storage reservoir 27, here merely by way of example at one longitudinal end of the composting basin 2. Such a holding position can be communicated to the refill control for the dosing material via a limit switch (not shown) of the travel control (also not explicitly shown) for the distributor cross member 9. Likewise, a fill level detector 31 can be arranged in the dosing material reservoir 26, which communicates a refill request to a refill control 32 of the dosing material storage reservoir 27, in particular via radio.

[0069] Figure 2 shows, by way of example, a simplified and schematic view of a control and / or regulating device for a predeterminable and precise metering of feed material from the feed material reservoir 26 to a conveyed organic fermentation product, here liquid manure, into the main pipe 21 of the distribution pipe system 18. This control and / or regulating device can, of course, also be the control and / or regulating device with which the distribution traverse 9 is moved in a controlled manner above the straw bed 6.Accordingly, the control and / or regulating device here is preferably suitable and designed to move the distributor traverse 9 in a controlled manner above the straw pile and at the same time to convey liquid manure 33 by means of the liquid manure pump 16 from a liquid manure storage and dosing material 43 by means of a dosing material conveying device in a controlled manner from the at least one dosing material storage, which will be explained in more detail below.

[0070] Specifically, the slurry pump 16 is operated, for example, with an electric motor as the drive device and a pump control 34. For a uniform application of the fermentation product, here slurry (schematically represented by arrow 33), several parameters are taken into account in the pump control 34, in particular, predeterminable application rates 35 in conjunction with the driving states 36 of the distributor cross member 9. From this, a pump speed 37 is determined, at which the slurry pump 16 is operated depending on the process. The respective pump speed 37 can be used as a measure of the pumped slurry quantity. Alternatively, a separate flow measuring device can also be used.

[0071] The pump speed of the slurry pump 16 is fed as a quantity measurement signal (arrow 37) to a ratio controller 38, in which the adjusted percentage dosing share for the dosing material from the dosing reservoir 26 is set. A corresponding dosing quantity signal (arrow 39) is fed as a target value to a dosing controller 40, which actuates a dosing element 42 (shown here in a simplified manner as a control valve) with an output-side control signal (arrow 41), so that dosing material (arrow 43) is mixed into the slurry (arrow 33) at the mixing point 44.

[0072] As can be seen only very schematically from Fig. 3, which shows a partial side view of the composting plant 1 in Fig. 1, a feed device can be provided on the bottom of the composting basin 2, by means of which feed device the structural material fill 6, controlled by the control and / or regulating device, can be moved along a feed direction through the composting basin 2, preferably in a continuous flow process with a feed speed of 1 to 5 meters per day. The feed device is specifically formed here by a conveyor floor 45 in the manner of a conveyor belt. Alternatively or additionally, the feed device could also be formed by the conveyor screws forming the mixing and stirring elements 25. These are then, as shown in Fig. 3, inclined relative to the vertical in the conveying direction.

[0073] For example, carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and silicon (Si) are used as macronutrients as additives to improve compost production and compost quality. Alternatively or additionally, the additive can be formed by at least one of the following substances: iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and molybdenum (Mo), as well as the non-metals chlorine (Cl) and boron (B) as micronutrients.

[0074] Implementation example:

[0075] In a composting plant 1 as described above, in the ratio 1 m 3Manure is mixed with 3 kg of kieserite containing 27% magnesium oxide (MgO) as a dosing material and applied directly to the mixing and stirring elements 25 or incorporated into the straw bed 6 by means of these. This results in the formation of MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) complexes, with which 60 to 80% of the nitrogen in the manure or straw bed can be fixed.

[0076] Composting plant 1 is designed to produce per m 3Tank volume: approx. 12.5 liters of liquid digestate (manure) can be utilized per day. With a tank length of 200m, a tank width of approx. 20m, and a structural material filling height of 1.7m, this results in approx. 30,000 tons of organic digestate or manure per year, with compost production of approx. 9,000 to 10,000 tons per year with 50 to 55% dry matter (TS). For the aforementioned approx. 30,000 tons per year of digestate, approx. 5,000 to 6,000 tons per year of structural material (straw) are used, and approx. 9,000 to 10,000 tons per year of compost with 50 to 55% dry matter are produced.

[0077] List of reference symbols

[0078] 1 composting plant

[0079] 2 composting basins

[0080] 3 Base plate

[0081] 4 side wall

[0082] 5 Side wall

[0083] 6 Straw filling as structural material filling

[0084] 7 Hall

[0085] 8 Hall roof

[0086] 9 Distributor traverse

[0087] 10 Longitudinal guide rail

[0088] 11 Longitudinal guide rail

[0089] 12 Guide element

[0090] 13 Guide element

[0091] 14 double arrows

[0092] 15 double arrows

[0093] 16 Slurry pump or digestate conveying device

[0094] 17 Pipe connection

[0095] 18 Distribution pipe system or distribution system

[0096] 19 Outlet pipe

[0097] 20 outlet arrows

[0098] 21 Main pipe

[0099] 21a first pipe branch

[0100] 22 Intermediate pipe

[0101] 22a first intermediate pipe part

[0102] 22b second pipe branch

[0103] 22c second intermediate pipe part

[0104] 22d third pipe branch

[0105] 23 longitudinal tubes

[0106] 24 standpipes

[0107] 25 Mixing and stirring elements 26 Dosing material storage

[0108] 27 Dosing material storage

[0109] 28 Filling tube

[0110] 30 dosing screw

[0111] 31 Level detector

[0112] 32 Refill control

[0113] 33 Arrow

[0114] 34 Pump control

[0115] 35 Output quantity

[0116] 36 Driving condition

[0117] 37 Arrow

[0118] 38 ratio dividers

[0119] 39 Arrow

[0120] 40 dosing regulators

[0121] 41 Arrow

[0122] 42 Dosing element

[0123] 43 Arrow

[0124] 44 Mixing point

[0125] 45 conveyor floor

Claims

Patent claims 1. Composting plant (1), with a structural material bed (6) made of an organic structural material, preferably with a structural material bed (6) made of an organic structural material introduced into a composting basin (2), with at least one distribution system (18) for an organic fermentation product (33) and for a dosing material (43) different from the organic fermentation product, wherein it is preferably provided that the dosing material is suitable and / or designed to fix and / or bind volatile and / or leaching compounds, preferably nitrogen-containing compounds and / or phosphorus-containing compounds and / or potassium-containing compounds and / or magnesium-containing compounds and / or sulfur-containing compounds, and to retain them in the structural material bed (6), and with a control and / or regulating device by means of which the at least one distribution system (18) can be controlled,to distribute organic fermentation product (33) at defined times in a defined quantity and / or dosing material (43) at defined times in a defined quantity in a controlled manner on and / or in the structural material bed (6).

2. Composting plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one distribution system (18) is movable above the structural material bed (6), preferably controlled by means of the at least one control and / or regulating device above the structural material bed (6).

3. Composting plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the at least one distribution system (18) is connected or connectable to at least one fermentation product storage for organic fermentation product (33), from which organic fermentation product (33) can be transferred into the distribution system (18), and that the at least one distribution system (18) is connected or connectable to at least one metered material storage (26) for metered material (43), from which metered material (43) can be transferred into the distribution system (18).Composting plant according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one conveying device (16, 42) is provided, by means of which organic fermentation product (33) can be conveyed from the at least one fermentation product reservoir and from the at least one dosing material reservoir (26) to the distribution system (18), preferably at least one fermentation product conveying device (16) is provided, by means of which organic fermentation product (33) can be conveyed from the at least one fermentation product reservoir to the distribution system (18) and at least one dosing material conveying device (42) is provided, by means of which dosing material can be conveyed from the at least one dosing material reservoir (26) to the distribution system (18).Composting plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the at least one control and / or regulating device is suitable and designed to move the distribution system (18) above the structural material bed (6) in a controlled manner and to simultaneously convey organic fermentation product (33) from the at least one fermentation product reservoir by means of the at least one fermentation product conveying device (16) and / or to convey dosing material (43) from the at least one dosing material reservoir (26) by means of the at least one dosing material conveying device. Composting plant according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that a single distribution system (18) is provided, which forms both the distribution system (18) for organic fermentation product (33) and for dosing material (43), or that a separate distribution system (18) is provided for each organic fermentation product (33) and dosing material (43). Composting plant according to claim 6, characterized in that a mixing device is provided upstream of the at least one distribution system, in which the metered-in material (43) can be controlled to be mixed into the organic fermentation product (33) locally upstream of and thus in advance of the supply of the organic fermentation product (33) to the at least one distribution system (18) in a predeterminable ratio, so that a fermentation product-metered-in material mixture can be supplied to the at least one distribution system (18).Composting plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the at least one distribution system (18), preferably the only distribution system (18), has and / or forms a mixing device that is suitable and designed to controllably mix the dosing material (43) into the organic fermentation product (33) in a predeterminable ratio before, preferably immediately before, and / or during the application of the organic fermentation product (33), and thus to distribute a fermentation product-dosing material mixture onto and / or into the structural material bed (6). Composting plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the separate distribution systems (18) for organic fermentation product (33) and dosing material (43) are suitable and designed to distribute dosing material (43) and organic fermentation product (33) separately onto and / or into the structural material bed (6).Composting plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one distribution system (18) has at least one distribution cross member (9) which spans the composting basin (2) and / or the structural material bed (6) at least partially, preferably completely, above the structural material bed (6) and which can be moved above the structural material bed (6) in a controlled manner by means of the at least one control and / or regulating device. Composting plant according to claim 10, characterized in that a single distribution cross member (9) is provided which has the single distribution system (18), or that several distribution cross members (9) are provided, each having a distribution system (18). Composting plant according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the composting basin (2) has a preferably plate-shaped bottom wall (3) and two vertical, preferably parallel, side walls (4, 5) laterally delimiting the bottom wall (3), and in that the at least one distributor cross member (9) is supported on both sides on longitudinal guide rails (10, 11) with guide elements (12, 13) on the side walls (4, 5) and can be moved in a controlled manner along the side walls (4, 5). Composting plant according to one of claims 3 to 12, characterized in that the at least one dosing material reservoir (26) is not a component of the distribution system (18) and / or is arranged stationary outside the composting basin (2), and in that the at least one dosing material reservoir (26) is connected to the distribution system (18) by means of a pipe and / or line connection, preferably permanently and / or lockably connected.Composting plant according to one of claims 3 to 12, characterized in that the at least one dosing material reservoir (26) forms a component of the distribution system (18), preferably the at least one dosing material reservoir (26) is arranged on the distribution system (18), most preferably the at least one dosing material reservoir (26) is arranged such that it can be moved along with the distribution cross member (9). Composting plant according to claim 14, characterized in that in the area outside the composting basin (2) at least one, preferably stationary, dosing material storage reservoir (27), preferably a storage container, is provided, and in that the distribution system (18) movable above the structural material fill (6) has a controllable stop in the area of ​​the at least one dosing material storage reservoir (27), preferably at a longitudinal end of the composting basin (2), at which stop the... The at least one dosing material reservoir (26) that is movable along with the distribution system (18) can be filled from the at least one associated dosing material storage reservoir (27), preferably by means of at least one filling line (28) that can be coupled to the dosing material reservoir (26). Composting plant according to one of claims 3 to 15, characterized in that the at least one fermentation product reservoir is not a component of the distribution system and / or is arranged stationary outside the composting basin, and in that the at least one fermentation product reservoir is connected to the distribution system (18) by means of a pipe and / or line connection, preferably is connected permanently and / or in a lockable manner.Composting plant according to claim 16, characterized in that the at least one fermentation product storage unit is connected to the distribution system via at least one hose and / or pipe, wherein it is preferably provided that the hose and / or pipe has a length that is adapted to the respective travel path of the distribution system (18). Composting plant according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that a hose reel is provided, preferably arranged on the distribution system (18), most preferably arranged on the distribution cross member (9), which has a hose that can be wound up and unwound, preferably a dimensionally stable hose that can be wound up and unwound, through which the organic fermentation product can be passed both in the wound up and unwound state.Composting plant according to one of claims 3 to 18, characterized in that the at least one or at least one fermentation product storage forms part of the distribution system (18), preferably the at least one or at least one fermentation product storage is arranged on the distribution system (18), most preferably the at least one or at least one fermentation product storage is arranged so as to be movable on the distribution traverse (9). Composting plant according to claim 19, characterized in that at least one, preferably stationary, fermentation product storage tank, preferably a storage container, is provided in the area outside the composting basin (2), wherein it is preferably provided that the distribution system (18) which is movable above the structural material fill (6) has a controllable stop in the area of ​​the at least one fermentation product storage tank, preferably at a longitudinal end of the composting basin (2), at which stop the fermentation product storage tank which is movable with the distribution system (18) can be filled from the at least one associated fermentation product storage tank, preferably by means of at least one filling line which can be coupled to the fermentation product storage tank.Composting plant according to one of claims 10 to 20, characterized in that the distribution system (18) is designed as a distribution pipe system, and in that the distribution system (18) has at least one outflow pipe (19) extending over at least a partial region of the length of the distribution cross member (9) with at least one outflow device, preferably a plurality of outflow devices spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction, or in that the distribution cross member (9) is formed by at least one outflow pipe (19) with at least one outflow device, preferably with a plurality of outflow devices spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction.Composting plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distribution system (18) has at least one mixing and stirring element (25) engaging in the structural material bed (6), preferably a plurality of mixing and stirring elements (25) spaced apart from one another and engaging in the structural material bed (6), wherein it is preferably provided that on the distribution system (18), preferably on the distribution cross member (9), most preferably on the outlet pipe (19) of the distribution system (18) designed as a distribution pipe system, at least one mixing and stirring element (25) engaging in the structural material bed (6), preferably a plurality of mixing and stirring elements (25) spaced apart from one another and engaging in the structural material bed (6). Mixing and stirring elements (25) engaging in the bed (6) are arranged. Composting plant according to claim 22, characterized in that the distribution system (18), preferably the outflow devices, is at least partially suitable and designed to apply metered-in material (43) and organic fermentation product (33) or a fermentation product-metered-in material mixture directly to the at least one mixing and stirring element (25), preferably to spray or inject them directly onto the at least one mixing and stirring element (25). Composting plant according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the at least one mixing and stirring element (25) is or are formed by a mixing screw and / or a mixing paddle.Composting plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a feed device is provided, by means of which the structural material bed (6), preferably controlled by the control and / or regulating device, can be moved along a feed direction through the composting basin (2), preferably in a continuous flow process, wherein the feed speed is preferably 1 to 5 meters per day. Composting plant according to claim 25, characterized in that the feed device is formed by a conveyor floor (45), in particular in the manner of a conveyor belt, and / or by at least one conveyor screw, preferably by at least one conveyor screw simultaneously forming the mixing and stirring element (25).Composting plant according to claim 26, characterized in that the at least one conveyor screw, seen in the conveying direction, is inclined relative to the vertical, preferably inclined forward relative to the vertical with a corresponding direction of rotation, and / or that two conveyor screws form a conveyor screw pair in the manner of a twin-screw extruder, wherein it is preferably provided that several spaced-apart conveyor screw pairs are provided.

28. Composting plant according to one of claims 21 to 27, characterized in that the distribution system (18) has a main pipe (21) which is connected to the outlet pipe (19) via a preferably multiply branching pipe system.

29. Composting plant according to one of claims 4 to 28, characterized in that the at least one dosing material reservoir (26) has a controllable dosing element as a dosing material conveying device (42), by means of which the dosing material (43) can be discharged from the dosing material reservoir (26) in a controlled manner, wherein it is preferably provided that the controllable dosing element is a dosing screw and / or that the at least one dosing material reservoir (26) has a dosing outlet which is connected to an inlet of the distribution system (18) and / or in which the controllable dosing element is arranged.

30. Composting plant according to claim 29, characterized in that the at least one fermentation product conveying device (16) is arranged at an inlet of the distribution system (18), and in that the dosing outlet of the dosing material storage (26) is connected to the distribution system (18) downstream of the fermentation product conveying device (16) in the case of a common distribution system (18) for organic fermentation product (33) and dosing material (43).

31. Composting plant according to one of claims 4 to 30, characterized in that a flow measuring device is provided which is suitable and designed to measure the fermentation product flow rate when the fermentation product conveying device (16) is activated and to supply a corresponding quantity measurement signal (37) to a ratio adjuster (38) of the control and / or regulating device, the output signal of which is the setpoint (39) for a control element (40) of the control and / or regulating device, wherein it is preferably provided that the control element (40) controls a controllable dosing element (30, 42) as a dosing material conveying device, which is suitable and designed to discharge dosing material (43) in a predetermined ratio from the dosing material storage (26) and / or that the control element (40) controls the fermentation product conveying device (16), which is suitable and designed to remove organic fermentation product (33) in a predetermined ratio from the fermentation product storage.

32. Composting plant according to one of claims 4 to 31, characterized in that a temperature measuring device is provided which is suitable and designed to measure the temperature of the structural material inoculated with or not with dosing material in the structural material bed and to feed a corresponding temperature signal to a ratio adjuster (38) of the control and / or regulating device, the output signal of which is the setpoint (39) for a control element (40) of the control and / or regulating device, wherein it is preferably provided that the control element (40) controls a controllable dosing element (30, 42) as a dosing material conveying device, which is suitable and designed to feed dosing material (43) in a predetermined ratio from the Dosing material storage (26) and / or that the Control element (40) controls the fermentation product conveying device (16), which is suitable and designed to discharge organic fermentation product (33) in a predetermined ratio from the fermentation product storage.

33. Composting plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the organic fermentation product is a liquid organic fermentation product, preferably manure or predominantly manure, and / or that the organic structural material is formed by straw or predominantly by straw.

34. Composting plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metered material (43) comprises or is formed by magnesium oxide (MgO), preferably kieserite, most preferably kieserite with 20 to 30% magnesium oxide (MgO), which can be metered into a nitrogen and phosphorus-containing organic fermentation product, preferably formed by liquid manure, to form MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) or struvite.

35. Composting plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metered material (43) is vegetable carbon, preferably by means of pyrolytic carbonization of vegetable Starting materials, preferably as charcoal, produced biochar, is formed or has such.

36. Method for operating a composting plant (1), in particular for operating a composting plant according to one of the preceding claims, with a structural material bed (6) made of an organic structural material, preferably with a structural material bed (6) made of an organic structural material introduced into a composting basin (2), with at least one distribution system (18) for an organic fermentation product (33) with at least one distribution system (18) for an organic fermentation product (33) and for a dosing material (43) different from the organic fermentation product, wherein it is preferably provided that the dosing material is suitable and / or designed to contain volatile and / or leaching compounds,preferably nitrogen-containing compounds and / or phosphorus-containing compounds and / or potassium-containing compounds and / or magnesium-containing compounds and / or sulfur-containing compounds to fix and / or bind and to hold them in the structural material bed (6), and with a control and / or regulating device by means of which the at least one distribution system (18) is controlled in order to distribute organic fermentation product (33) at defined times in a defined amount and / or metered material (43) at defined times in a defined amount in a controlled manner on and / or in the structural material bed (6).

37. Method according to claim 36, characterized in that the organic fermentation product (33) and the metered material (43) are metered successively, temporally overlapping or together onto and / or into the structural material bed (6).

38. Method according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that the metered material (43) is magnesium oxide (MgO), preferably kieserite, highly preferably kieserite with 20 to 30% magnesium oxide (MgO), or is formed by adding it to a nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing organic fermentation product, preferably formed by liquid manure, to form MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) or struvite. Composting plant according to claim 38, characterized in that the magnesium oxide (MgO), preferably kieserite, most preferably kieserite with 20 to 30% magnesium oxide (MgO), is added to the nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing organic fermentation product in such a way that per m 31 kg to 6 kg, preferably 2 kg to 5 kg, most preferably 3 kg, of organic fermentation product is added. Method according to one of claims 36 to 39, characterized in that the fermentation product flow rate can be measured by means of a separate flow measuring device when the fermentation product conveying device (16) is activated, wherein a corresponding quantity measuring signal (37) can be fed to a ratio adjuster (38), the output signal of which is the setpoint (39) for a control element (40) by means of which the dosing material (43) and organic fermentation product (33) are mixed or dispensed in the predetermined ratio. Method according to claim 40, characterized in that the fermentation product flow rate can be measured by means of a separate flow measuring device and / or can be derived from the measured pump speed when the fermentation product pump as the fermentation product conveying device (16) is activated.Method according to one of claims 36 to 41, characterized in that the temperature of the structural material inoculated with or not with dosing material in the structural material bed can be measured by means of a separate temperature measuring device, wherein a corresponding temperature measuring signal (37) can be fed to a ratio adjuster (38), the output signal of which is the setpoint (39) for a control element (40) by means of which the dosing material (43) is mixed or released with the organic fermentation product (33) in the predetermined ratio.

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