Method and device for alloy-dependent sorting of sorted matter

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (10) and a method for alloy-dependent sorting of sorted material, wherein the sorted material is supplied in the form of sorting pieces (13, 14) during a sorting process, and the sorting pieces (13, 14) are sorted according to defined sorting criteria. In order to significantly improve the yield of sorting pieces during a sorting process, the invention has the following features: a) in an analysis step, the sorting pieces (13, 14) to be sorted are analyzed in an analysis device (18) for at least individual alloy elements and their alloy element proportions; b) in a comparison step, the analyzed alloy constituents of the sorting pieces (13, 14) are compared with a predetermined target alloy (34) in a computer device (21);c) in a verification step, it is checked whether the alloy content values of the alloy constituents of the sorting pieces (13, 14) analyzed in the analysis step comply with the target limit values of the target alloy (34); d) in a compilation step, sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b) are compiled into the sorting target fraction (20); e) in an adaptation step, depending on the sorting pieces (13) compiled into the sorting target fraction (20) in step d), the target limit values of the target alloy (34) are temporarily extended such that the target limit values of the target alloy (34a) in the sorting target fraction (20) are complied with overall across all compiled sorting pieces (13), and that sorting pieces (13a, 13b) are also compiled into the sorting target fraction (20) which do not comply with at least individual alloying element proportions of the original target limit values of the target alloy (34);

Description

[0001] The invention relates firstly to a method for alloy-dependent sorting of material to be sorted according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and the preamble of patent claim 7. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a corresponding sorting device and a computer program product.

[0002] Sorting devices and sorting methods generally serve to separate different fractions of a material being sorted from one another. The invention is particularly focused on the field of alloy-dependent sorting of material being sorted, especially scrap. In this type of sorting, the material being sorted, which usually consists of individual pieces being sorted, is sorted according to alloy. For this purpose, at least individual alloying elements of the pieces being sorted, preferably also their alloying element content, are determined. This can be done in various ways.

[0003] A method that is already known from the state of the art is laser-induced plasma spectroscopy, also known as LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy). Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy allows a "characteristic spectral fingerprint" of the sorted pieces to be determined quickly and reliably. A high-intensity laser beam is focused onto the surface of the sorted piece, vaporizing and ionizing a small amount of the near-surface material. This creates a plasma glow whose characteristic spectrum allows conclusions to be drawn about the concentration distribution of the alloying elements.

[0004] In a state-of-the-art sorting method using LIBS analysis, a target alloy is first defined. This specifies the minimum and maximum limits within which individual alloying elements must be present in the sorted pieces to meet the sorting criteria. In this case, only those sorted pieces are sorted in which the examined alloying elements or their alloying element proportions actually lie within all defined limits. Since, with this known solution, all alloying element concentrations must be within the defined limits for a positive sorting decision, and since the sorting criteria are rigid, this can lead to a low yield, meaning that only a few sorted pieces are sorted.All remaining items that do not meet at least one of the specified sorting criteria are separated out or sorted into a residual fraction.

[0005] There is therefore a need to improve the yield when sorting material.

[0006] A solution in this regard is known from DE 10 2016 108 745 A1, in which a composition analysis is first performed on the sorted pieces. This analysis, which is carried out, for example, using the LIBS method, determines information about the composition of the sorted piece on its surface. To prevent this surface information from deviating from the actual overall composition of the sorted piece, volume composition information relating to the sorted piece is assigned to the surface information in a computer device. The actual sorting of the sorted pieces is then carried out based on the volume composition information. The disadvantage here is that the method is complex, since a whole series of reference values for surface information and comparative composition information must be provided in the computer device, which must be determined in advance.In addition, there are strict sorting criteria that the items must meet. Items that do not meet these criteria will be rejected in all cases.

[0007] In order to expand the spectrum of sortable sorting pieces, DE 696 07 971 T2 discloses a solution for sorting material pieces, for example metal scrap, wherein the composition of the sorting pieces is analyzed using a LIBS method. The analyzed sorting pieces are sorted into different starting containers, with different target compositions assigned to the starting containers. After the composition of a sorting piece has been determined, the sorting piece is sorted into a suitable starting container in relation to a target alloy. For this purpose, a specific order is assigned to the starting containers. After the composition of a sorting piece has been determined, a check is carried out to determine whether the sorting piece, when added to a container, exceeds the permissible concentration limits for the container. If it does not, the sorting piece is added to the corresponding container.If the limits are exceeded, a check is carried out to determine whether the sorted item can be added to another container. The last container in the sequence is a residual container, which holds any sorted items that do not fit into any of the other containers. This well-known process is complex and requires significant computational effort, as calculations must be performed for various source containers. Furthermore, the composition of a sorted item must never exceed the specified target concentration in any source container.

[0008] The object of the present invention is to improve a sorting method and a sorting device of the type mentioned above in such a way that the yield of sorted pieces during a sorting process can be increased with the least possible effort.

[0009] This object is achieved according to the invention by the sorting method having the features according to independent patent claim 1, which represents the first aspect of the invention, by the sorting method having the features according to independent patent claim 7, which represents the second aspect of the invention, by the sorting device having the features according to independent patent claim 11, which represents the third aspect of the invention, and by the computer program product having the features according to independent patent claim 15, which represents the fourth aspect of the invention.

[0010] Further features and details of the invention emerge from the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings. Features and details described in connection with one aspect of the invention naturally also apply in full to the other aspects of the invention, and vice versa, so that the disclosure of one aspect of the invention also fully constitutes the disclosure of the other aspects of the invention. In particular, the description of the methods according to the invention also describes features relating to the individual components of the sorting device, and vice versa, so that the disclosure is always fully referenced.

[0011] The basic idea of the present invention is that the yield of sortable pieces from the sorted material can be increased during the sorting process by at least partially compiling or distributing into the sorting target fraction those sortable pieces that would otherwise be rejected in the case of the solutions known from the prior art. In particular, under certain circumstances, which will be explained in detail later, sortable pieces are now also compiled into the sorting target fraction in which the alloying element proportions of the alloying elements lie outside the limits of a defined target alloy. This means that every individual sortable piece no longer has to meet all sorting criteria, i.e., lie within the limits of the target alloy.According to the invention, the totality of those sorting pieces that are compiled to form a sorting target fraction must now meet the search criteria, i.e. lie within the limits of the target alloy.

[0012] In the present invention, a sorting piece that actually exceeds the concentration limits specified for the sorting target fraction may, under certain circumstances, still be sorted into the sorting target fraction. According to the method according to the invention, this is compensated for by other sorting pieces, so that the sorting target fraction as a whole, i.e., the total of the sorting pieces assembled, again complies with the target limits of the target alloy.

[0013] The sorting methods according to the invention are independent of the total mass of the sorting target fraction. With the present invention, it can never occur that the total mass of the sorting target fraction has to be increased until the target alloy's target limits are met again due to individual sorting items that exceed the specified concentration limits but are nevertheless sorted into the sorting target fraction. The limits are met at all times, regardless of the number of sorting items being sorted. Sorting can be aborted at any time.

[0014] Within the meaning of the invention, the "sorting material" is, in particular, a quantity of objects or sorting pieces to be sorted. A "sorting fraction" within the meaning of the invention is, in particular, a specific type of sorting material that has common characteristic properties, such as certain alloying elements, in particular with certain alloying element proportions. A "sorting target fraction" within the meaning of the invention is, in particular, a specific type of sorting material consisting of a quantity of sorting pieces that has / have common characteristic properties, such as certain alloying elements, in particular with certain alloying element proportions, whereby these alloying elements, or their alloying element proportions, as a whole, i.e., on average, comply with the target limit values specified by a target alloy.This means that the sorting pieces compiled in the sorting target fraction meet the sorting criteria specified by the target alloy as a whole, although individual sorting pieces may deviate from these criteria. In particular, a correspondingly developed computer program product now allows not only selecting what is to be sorted from the sorting material, but also determining a target alloy through "completion sorting." This allows a sorting target fraction to be provided in the form of a "ready-to-melt" product, increasing the yield from the feed material.

[0015] The present invention therefore preferably relates to a solution for the complete sorting of sorting material.

[0016] According to the first aspect of the invention, a method for alloy-dependent sorting of sorting material is provided, which has the features of independent claim 1.

[0017] "Alloy-dependent sorting" specifically means that alloying elements contained in the material to be sorted, or in the pieces to be sorted, particularly their alloying element content, represent a sorting criterion for the sorting process. The material to be sorted is sorted in a sorting device, whereby the material to be sorted is provided in the form of pieces to be sorted during a sorting process, particularly within a material stream, and the pieces to be sorted according to defined sorting criteria. The material to be sorted is fed, for example, as a material stream via a feed device and separated into individual pieces by means of a separating device.The material to be sorted, which according to one embodiment is metallic scrap, can be fed from the feed device, such as a bunker, in almost any size class, for example with edge lengths between 25 mm and 800 mm, although the invention is of course not limited to specific values in this regard. Before the material to be sorted is transferred to a transport device, such as a conveyor belt, it is separated according to one embodiment by means of a separating device, for example by means of a vibrating device, so that the individual sorted items of the material to be sorted are distributed at a distance from one another on the transport device and transported on it with as little overlap as possible. For example, the individual sorted items can be accelerated to a transport speed of, for example, up to three meters per second.In this respect, too, the invention is of course not limited to specific concrete values.

[0018] According to the method, the samples to be sorted are analyzed for at least one alloying element and its alloying element content. The alloying element content is, in particular, the proportion of an alloying element in the sample, preferably expressed as a percentage. This can be done in different ways. The analyzed alloying elements are, in particular, those alloying elements that do not comprise the matrix material of the samples.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the samples to be sorted are analyzed for at least individual alloying elements in an analysis device for laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS), particularly with an additional cleaning step. This is an analysis step. The analysis could also be performed using X-ray fluorescence. The only important thing is that the alloying elements or alloying element proportions of the samples can be determined.

[0020] LIBS analysis is preferably used. For this purpose, the analysis device includes a laser device, for example, a high-power laser.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the area of the sorting piece intended for analysis is first cleaned. This cleaning step is, in particular, a process step preceding the analysis step. The analysis then takes place at the cleaned area. According to one embodiment, the cleaning step is carried out using a laser device, which, for example, comprises a high-power laser. According to one embodiment, the laser device for the cleaning step is the same laser device that is also used for the analysis step.

[0022] In practice, the precision of LIBS analysis depends heavily on the surface of the sample being sorted. Samples, such as scrap and metal parts, often exhibit coatings and segregation layers, or severe oxidation, as well as other contaminants. These are caused by the production process and use and often impair or prevent the applicability of the LIBS method. To achieve qualitatively reliable measurement results, it is therefore often necessary to clean or even partially remove the coating from the surfaces. This allows the alloying elements "inside" the sample to be determined. Such a cleaning process, also called ablation, can also be performed with the analysis device using laser radiation. This is already known in the art.

[0023] First, a laser, such as a high-power laser, cleans a small area on the surface of a sorting piece. In a second sub-process, for example, using the same laser, a laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS) measurement is performed on the previously cleaned and stripped surface. The entire process is preferably carried out "on-the-fly," i.e., in a continuous flow using a transport device, such as a conveyor belt. 3D scanning technology built into the analysis device makes it possible not only to follow the sorting piece with the laser beam, but also to sequentially process components of different heights lying next to or behind one another with a laser and analyze them using LIBS.

[0024] Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS) allows the characteristic fingerprint of the material of the sample to be sorted to be determined quickly and reliably. A high-intensity laser beam is focused onto the surface of the sample, preferably after it has been previously cleaned. This beam vaporizes and ionizes a small amount of the near-surface material, especially metal. This creates a plasma glow whose characteristic spectrum allows conclusions to be drawn about the concentration distribution of the alloy components.

[0025] At a high conveyor belt speed, for example 3 m / s, several ablation passes, for example up to 12 ablation passes, can be carried out one after the other. For aluminum, for example, the ablation depth is around 70 µm per pass, for which the analysis device only requires a very short period of time, for example less than 4.5 ms. The numerical values given are purely exemplary and of course not limiting. This performance makes it possible to analyze even heavily contaminated, coated and painted sorting pieces. By evaluating the spectrum, it is possible to determine the exact alloy of the sorting piece and thus not only distinguish between different metals, but also to differentiate precisely and clearly within alloy classes.

[0026] The cleaning and measurement of the precise spectral fingerprint of the sorted pieces takes place within, for example, only six milliseconds. Despite this very short time, the measurement success rate is over 93%. The short processing times allow for the processing of several adjacent sorted pieces or the removal of thicker layers of paint or other relevant coatings for the measurement.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the analysis can be carried out using chemometric and / or machine learning methods that evaluate the LIBS spectra.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the items to be analyzed are pre-filtered, for example based on geometric properties, such as area, volume, weight, shape.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the vast majority of the analyzed and to be sorted pieces have the same basic matrix, for example aluminum, iron, etc.

[0030] According to one embodiment, analyses of coatings on the sorting pieces are carried out, for example before cleaning by laser ablation, which are included in the compilation of the sorting pieces to form the sorting target fraction.

[0031] According to one embodiment, element-specific burn-up is taken into account in the sorting decision.

[0032] According to one embodiment, the analyzed alloying elements, and in particular their alloying element proportions, of the sorting pieces to be sorted are compared with static limit values of alloying elements, in particular the alloying element proportions of at least individual alloying elements, which each sorting piece to be combined into the sorting target fraction must comply with. A sorting piece is only combined into the sorting target fraction if it complies with these static limit values. According to one embodiment, this comparison step takes place after the analysis step.

[0033] In this embodiment, additional static limit values for alloying element proportions of at least individual alloying elements are specified, which each sorting piece to be compiled into the sorting target fraction must comply with. The sorting pieces are compared with the static limit values, in particular in a computer device or a computer program product running on the computer device. Compared to the limit values of the target alloy, these static limit values are additional limit values to the other dynamic or mean-based sorting criteria / decisions described below. A sorting piece is only compiled into the sorting target fraction if it also complies with these static limit values.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the static limit values are, in particular, significantly broader than the limit values of the target alloy. This means, for example, that if the limit values of the target alloy are upper limit values, these limit values are below the static limit values. The same applies to lower limits.

[0035] In this embodiment, all sorted pieces undergo a two-stage process. First, it is checked whether the analytical values of the sorted pieces lie within the static limits. These static limits are, in particular, the same for all sorted pieces and cannot be changed over time. According to one embodiment, the static limits are selected such that they exclude, for example, certain sorted pieces from being sorted into the target fraction even though they might have been determined as "suitable for sorting" in the subsequent "dynamic" process. This will be illustrated by an example. For example, the static limits can be used to exclude cast aluminum, for example, with Si contents of >10%, from being sorted into the sorting target fraction. It would be possible, however, for large batches to still mathematically comply with the Si limit of, for example, 1%.However, there are other factors to consider here. Uncertainties and deviations in mass determination play a very significant role, and many users are undesirable about finding cast aluminum, which is easily identifiable by eye, in the target fraction.

[0036] By taking such static limit values into account, a pre-selection of the items to be sorted is made.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the sorted sample is first analyzed in a first analysis step. In a subsequent first comparison step, according to one embodiment, the analyzed sorted sample is examined in relation to the static limit values by comparing the analyzed alloying elements or alloying element proportions with the corresponding static limit values of the alloying elements or alloying element proportions.

[0038] Once such a first process step has been completed and the sorted items are within the static limits, the next step comes into play, for example, in the form of a second process step. This is described below.

[0039] According to the method, the analyzed alloying elements of the sorted pieces, which in particular meet the criterion of defined static limit values, are compared with a specified target alloy. The target alloy defines target limit values within which individual alloying elements may be present in a sorting target fraction of sorted pieces. According to one embodiment, the target limit values of the target alloy are target ranges characterized by target limit values, for example, an upper target limit value and a lower target limit value. This means that a target alloy is first defined. The target alloy and the target limit values can be specified manually by the user, for example, or remotely.According to one embodiment, the target alloy, in particular the target limit values, are individually entered as input values into a computer device, for example, a corresponding computer program product, before each sorting process. According to another embodiment, the target alloys, in particular the target limit values, can also be preset as specifications in the computer device, for example, in the computer program product. According to another embodiment, several different target alloys, in particular target limit values, are provided in the computer device, for example, in the computer program product, which are selected as needed using a selection function.

[0040] According to one embodiment, the target alloy specifies maximum values of alloy constituents relative to mass.

[0041] According to the method, the alloying element proportions of the sorted pieces determined during analysis are compared with the target limit values of the target alloy. In particular, the weighted mean values of the alloying element proportions are compared with the target alloy.

[0042] The sorted pieces are then compiled into the sorting target fraction in relation to the target alloy and then sorted accordingly.

[0043] Those sorting items that fit the target analysis are always compiled and sorted into the sorting target fraction. This is referred to as positive sorting. Alternatively, negative sorting can also be performed, in which all sorting items are removed that would result in the target analysis of the sorting target fraction not meeting the defined limits at the end of the sorting process.

[0044] According to the method according to the invention, at least individual sorting pieces in which at least individual analyzed alloying element proportions of the alloying elements do not comply with the target limit values of the target alloy are now combined into the sorting target fraction. This means that during the sorting process, not only sorting pieces that comply with the limits of the target alloy are combined into the sorting target fraction, as is already generally known in the prior art. However, according to one embodiment, the combination of such sorting pieces into the sorting target fraction only occurs if the sorting pieces also simultaneously comply with the static limit values described above. Of course, the method according to the invention is also applicable if a comparison with static limit values as described above is not carried out.

[0045] In addition, sorting pieces that do not comply with or meet one or more of the target alloy's limit values, for example, are outside the limit values, are now also included in the sorting target fraction. This means that sorting pieces that, in a direct comparison with the target alloy, should actually have been sorted out are now included in the sorting target fraction.

[0046] To compensate for this, the invention further provides that, depending on these sorting pieces and a determined, for example calculated, current composition of the sorting target fraction, as described in more detail below, the composition of sorting pieces in the sorting target fraction is adjusted such that the target limit values of the target alloy in the sorting target fraction are adhered to overall. According to the present invention, it is no longer necessary for each individual sorting piece to adhere to the target limit values of the target alloy. If a sorting piece is assembled into the target alloy that does not adhere to the target limit values of the target alloy, this is determined during the course of the method. This then results in particular in the current composition of the sorting target fraction.

[0047] The deviations are compensated or balanced, in particular by combining suitable other sorting pieces, which may not comply with the target limits of the target alloy, into the sorting target fraction, so that the sorting target fraction, i.e., the total of the combined sorting pieces, again complies with the target limits of the target alloy. This means that the method, in particular, verifies that the total of the sorting pieces combined into the sorting target fraction complies with the target limits of the target alloy. This can be achieved by means of a compensation step in which the "outliers" are balanced out by the sorting pieces that do not comply with the target limits of the target alloy but are nevertheless combined into the sorting target fraction. This will be explained in more detail below using several exemplary embodiments.

[0048] According to one embodiment, the target sorting fraction is compiled in a computer device. This is described in detail below, particularly in connection with the second aspect of the invention. The sorting target fraction is compiled in the computer device. Based on this, sorting signals are generated in the computer device and transmitted to a sorting device, where the individual items to be sorted are sorted accordingly based on the sorting signals, for example into two or more fractions. A two-fraction sorting is possible, but of course also a multi-fraction sorting is possible. The computer device is, for example, a component of the sorting device, or the sorting device has an interface to the computer device. The computer device can, for example, be a control device of the sorting device. Or the computer device is a component of such a control device.Of course, the computer device can also be provided as a separate component from the control device.

[0049] A more detailed embodiment of how the method according to the first aspect of the invention can be carried out is described below. According to this example, the method comprises the following steps: a) In an analysis step, which preferably takes place in an analysis device of a sorting apparatus, the sorted pieces are analyzed for at least individual alloying elements and their alloying element proportions. b) In a comparison step, which preferably takes place in a computer device associated with the sorting apparatus, the analyzed alloying elements of the sorted pieces are compared with a predetermined target alloy, which defines the target limits within which individual alloying elements may be present in a sorting target fraction of sorted pieces. The alloying element proportions of the alloying elements of the sorted pieces are compared with the target limits of the target alloy. If necessary, a comparison with static limit values is also carried out.c) In a verification step, which preferably takes place in a computer device assigned to the sorting device, a check is carried out to determine whether the alloying element proportions of the alloying elements of the sorted pieces analyzed in the analysis step comply with the target limit values of the target alloy and, if applicable, the static limit values. The comparison step and the verification step can be combined into a single common process step. d) In a compilation step, which preferably takes place in a computer device assigned to the sorting device, sorted pieces are compiled into the sorting target fraction. In particular, those sorted pieces whose alloying element proportions comply with the target limit values are compiled into the sorting target fraction. According to one embodiment, only those sorted pieces that also comply with the static limit values are taken into account.All sorting pieces lying outside the static limit values are then sorted out. e) In an adjustment step, which preferably runs in a computer device assigned to the sorting device, the target limit values of the target alloy are temporarily adjusted, in particular extended, depending on the sorting pieces compiled into the sorting target fraction in step d) and a determined current composition of the sorting target fraction, so that the target limit values of the target alloy in the sorting target fraction are met across all compiled sorting pieces, i.e. in total, and that sorting pieces are also compiled into the sorting target fraction which do not comply with at least individual alloying element proportions of the original target limit values of the target alloy.

[0050] The sorted pieces are analyzed during the sorting process and sorted immediately afterward. This means that after each analysis, a decision must be made immediately as to whether a sorted piece will be sorted or not. In a sorting run, the alloying element proportions of all pieces already sorted into the target fraction are saved, and the current composition of the sorting target fraction is determined from this. For example, a current, particularly weighted, average of the target fraction is calculated. This average must be within the defined target alloy at all times during the sorting process.

[0051] According to one embodiment, which is a control option, the composition of sorting pieces in the sorting target fraction is adjusted such that the sorting pieces of the sorting target fraction, particularly at the end of the sorting process, contain alloying elements with alloying element proportions that lie, in particular on a weighted average, within the target limits. This means that during the sorting process, the sorting target fraction may well contain sorting pieces with alloying element proportions that lie outside the target limits of the target alloy. This is detected and compensated for during the process, particularly in the computer device, for example in a computer program product running in the computer device, preferably automatically.Countermeasures are initiated, particularly in the computer device, for example in a computer program product running in the computer device, to ensure that the sorting target fraction always lies within the target limit values of the target alloy in terms of alloy.

[0052] According to one embodiment, the adjustment is carried out in such a way that at least one first sorting piece with alloying element proportions that does not meet the target limit values, for example because it lies above a limit, which is compiled into the sorting target fraction, is combined with at least one second sorting piece with alloying element proportions that does not meet the target limit values, for example because it lies below the limit or within the limit values, but for example at the lower edge, which is compiled into the sorting target fraction. This takes place, for example, in the computer device or a computer program product running on the computer device. The sorting pieces are selected, in particular in the computer device, such that the alloying element proportions of the second sorting piece at least approximately compensate for the deviations of the alloy content values of the first sorting piece from the target limit values.

[0053] According to one embodiment, the adjustment is carried out in such a way that, in addition to at least one first sorting piece with alloying element contents that do not exhaust the upper target limit values of the target alloy, which is compiled into the sorting target fraction, further sorting pieces with alloy content values that do not meet the target limit values are compiled into the sorting target fraction, such that the further sorting pieces are selected such that the alloying element contents of the further sorting pieces at least approximately compensate for the alloy content values of the first sorting piece falling short of the upper target limit values. As already mentioned, the target limit values of the target alloy are in particular target ranges characterized by target limit values, for example an upper target limit value and a lower target limit value.This occurs, for example, in the computer device or a computer program product running on the computer device.

[0054] Below, some examples are described of how such an adaptation can be implemented.

[0055] In one embodiment, depending on the sorting pieces for which at least individual alloy content values of the analyzed alloy constituents do not comply with the target limit values of the target alloy and which are compiled into the target sorting fraction, the compilation of sorting pieces into the sorting target fraction is adjusted by at least temporarily dynamically regulating at least individual limit values of the target alloy during the sorting process, whereby sorting pieces are compiled into the sorting target fraction whose alloy content values comply with these progression limit values, while the average composition of the sorting target fraction does not fall below and / or exceed the original limit range of the target alloy. In this embodiment, a dynamic adjustment, in particular an increase in the limit values, takes place as long as the target limit values of the sorting target fraction lie within the target alloy.

[0056] In this embodiment, dynamically controlled limits are provided that must be met by each sorting piece that is compiled into the sorting target fraction. These limits are dynamically adjusted to the target alloy, particularly in the computer device or a computer program product running in the computer device. In this example, there is therefore always a limit that each sorting piece must meet. However, this limit can change during the sorting process.

[0057] This will be illustrated by an example. Let's assume that the target alloy for the sorting target fraction requires a limit value of 0.5% Si + / - 0.2% for the alloying element silicon, i.e. a silicon content in the range of 0.3% to 0.7%. The sorting process initially runs with the standard limit values of 0.3% to 0.7%. During the sorting process, for example, an average Si value of 0.6% is established, i.e. closer to the upper end. This is detected, preferably by the computer device or a computer program product running on the computer device. The lower limit value can now be reduced accordingly, e.g. to 0. A part with 0.1% can now also be sorted. This means that the average value decreases over time, for example to 0.31. To prevent it from falling further outside the limits, action must be taken. There are several options: Either the low limit value is raised again and / or the upper limit value is increased.The latter is of course a great advantage for optimising output.

[0058] In another embodiment, depending on the sorting pieces for which at least individual alloying element fractions of the analyzed alloying elements do not comply with the target limits of the target alloy and which are combined into the target sorting fraction, the combination of sorting pieces into the sorting target fraction is adjusted by averaging, in particular weighted, the alloying element fractions of the combined alloying elements of the sorting pieces during the sorting process. This alloying element average is compared with the target limits of the target alloy, and if the alloying element average complies with the target limits, the sorting pieces are combined into the sorting target fraction. This embodiment is characterized by averaging and comparison with the target alloy.

[0059] When weighted averaging is referred to in the context of the present invention, this can be done in different ways, for example, volume-weighted, mass-weighted, area-weighted, and the like. For example, this can be done by addition, which is carried out, for example, in the computer device or a computer program product running on the computer device. An alloy element mean is calculated from the added alloy element proportions. The alloy element mean is compared with the target limit values of the target alloy. If, or as long as, the alloy element mean complies with the target limit values, the sorted pieces are combined into the sorting target fraction.

[0060] The sorting pieces are analyzed during the sorting process and sorted immediately afterwards. This means that after each analysis, a decision must be made immediately as to whether a sorting piece will be sorted or not. In a sorting run, the alloying element proportions of all pieces already sorted into the target fraction are saved, and from this, a current, particularly weighted, average of the target fraction is always calculated. The current sorting piece is also added to this average. The average must lie within the defined target alloy at all times during the sorting process. One advantage of this is that the sorting process can be stopped at any time, and the sorting target fraction always remains within the limits. In this embodiment, the target limit remains constant throughout the entire sorting process.If the analysis of another sorted sample is available, the mean alloying element value of the target fraction is recalculated, including this new sorted sample. If the newly calculated values are still within the target alloy, the corresponding sorted sample is physically sorted into the sorting target fraction. If at least one threshold value is exceeded, the corresponding sorted sample is not sorted. The first sorted sample in a sorting run must always correspond to the target alloy.

[0061] Example: Assume that the target alloy for the sorting target fraction requires a limit of 0.6% Mg + / - 0.2% for the alloying element magnesium. A new sorting run is started. The first sorted piece, whose magnesium content lies within the target alloy, has a Mg content of 0.5% and is therefore sorted. The current average Mg value in the target fraction is therefore also 0.5%, assuming all parts are weighted equally. The next sorted piece has a Mg content of 0.9% and would therefore be outside the target alloy. However, the theoretical new average of the target fraction is now calculated, which would result from the addition of this sorted piece. This would be (0.5% + 0.9%) / 2 = 0.7%. Since the new average value lies within the limit values, the sorted piece with 0.9% Mg is still physically sorted into the sorting target fraction. A third sorted piece with 1.3% Mg would now result in an average value of (0.5%+0.9%+1.3%) / 3 = 0.9%.This sorted piece would then be sorted out and added to the residual fraction. This would allow a significantly higher yield to be achieved compared to conventional solutions, where each individual sorted piece must individually meet the target alloy's target limits in order to be combined into the target alloy.

[0062] In the method, each sorted piece is checked, for example, by the computer device or by means of a computer program product running on the computer device, to determine whether its alloying element proportions still match the target alloy. According to one embodiment, only those sorted pieces that meet the requirements of the static limit values described above are considered.

[0063] For the process, it is advantageous if all sorted pieces have a similar mass. However, this is not mandatory.

[0064] According to one embodiment, the volume and / or geometry of the items to be sorted is therefore determined in an object recognition step. In the former case, in particular, the spatial extent of the items to be sorted is determined, which is useful for determining the mass of the item to be sorted for the final sorting. In the latter case, in particular, the two-dimensional extent of the items to be sorted is also determined. This measurement is important, for example, for determining the center of gravity for the subsequent sorting of the respective items to be sorted. When using an object recognition device, the items to be sorted are grouped into the sorting target fraction, taking their volume and / or geometry into account.

[0065] Appropriate volume / mass detection can be implemented in the process. However, this is not mandatory. In many applications, such as shredder scrap sorting, the items to be sorted are always located within a limited area and are of similar size.

[0066] In other cases, appropriate object recognition can be advantageous when assembling the sorting items into the sorting target fraction, for example, when the sorting items differ in terms of their shape and / or area and / or volume and / or weight. Without the item size being taken into account in the sorting decision, the composition of the sorting fractions may be determined less precisely in such a case, which is relevant if there is a correlation between item size and element content. For example, when assembling the sorting items into the sorting target fraction, weighting can be carried out using the volume of the sorting items, preferably in the computer device or a computer program product running on the computer device.According to one embodiment, the alloying elements or their alloying element proportions of the analyzed sorting piece determined by the analysis device are weighted by the volume of the sorting piece. This can be determined, for example, by light section sensors above the transport device, e.g., a conveyor belt, by X-ray tomography, or the like. According to one embodiment, the alloying elements or their alloying element proportions of the analyzed sorting piece determined by the analysis device are weighted by the mass of the sorting pieces. This means that all alloying element proportions of an analyzed sorting piece are weighted by the mass of the sorting piece.

[0067] According to the second aspect of the invention, a method for compiling a sorting target fraction from a material to be sorted is provided, wherein the material to be sorted is provided in the form of sorting pieces, in particular within a material flow, during a sorting process, which method has the features of independent patent claim 7. The method of the second aspect of the invention is carried out by a computer device. The method according to the second aspect of the invention thus represents, in particular, the sequence of the sorting method according to the first aspect of the invention from the perspective of the computer device. To avoid repetition, reference is therefore also made in full at this point to the statements on the first aspect of the invention and to the general description of the invention.

[0068] According to the second aspect of the invention, in particular, all method steps are executed entirely by computer program instructions on means that, in the context of the invention, fulfill general data processing functions. A "computing device" within the meaning of the present invention is, in particular, a data processing device, an electronic computing device or an electronic computing system, a computer, or the like. A computing device is, in particular, a device that processes data using programmable computing instructions, for example, a computer program product, such as software or an algorithm.

[0069] The method according to the second aspect of the invention is characterized by the following steps carried out in the computer device a) Determining or receiving alloying elements and their alloying element proportions from sorted pieces. The alloying elements and their alloying element proportions are determined, in particular, in an analysis step, for example, by means of an analysis device, for example, using LIBS analysis, preferably with a prior purification step, transmitted to the computer device, and received therein. The transmission can take place via a signal line, wirelessly or wired. A "signal line" in the context of the present invention is, in particular, the connection between an external functional unit and the computer device, for example, from or to the computer device. For receiving, the computer device has an interface, which for differentiation purposes is referred to below as the second interface.An "interface" in the context of the present invention is, in particular, a connection point between the computer device and external functional units, where the exchange of data or control signals takes place. Alternatively, the analysis takes place within the computer device. b) Comparing the alloying element proportions of the alloying elements of the sorted pieces with a predetermined target alloy, which defines target limit values within which individual alloying elements may be present in a sorting target fraction of sorted pieces. According to one embodiment, the target limit values are target ranges, which are delimited, in particular, by an upper limit and a lower limit. This takes place, in particular, within a comparison device of the computer device. According to one embodiment, the computer device has a memory device in which the target alloy and the limit values of the target alloy are stored.The current composition of the sorting target fraction can also be stored in the storage device. For example, the target alloy can be changed by the user as needed. According to another embodiment, the target alloy and its limit values are determined individually before each sorting process. c) Checking whether the alloying element proportions of the alloying elements of the sorting pieces to be sorted comply with the target limit values or target ranges of the target alloy. This is carried out in particular within a checking device of the computer device. d) Compiling suitable sorting pieces to form a sorting target fraction, wherein, depending on these sorting pieces and the determined current composition of the sorting target fraction, the compilation of sorting pieces in the sorting target fraction is adjusted such that the target limit values of the target alloy are complied with overall in the sorting target fraction.In this regard, reference is also made in full to the corresponding statements regarding the first aspect of the invention. The aforementioned method steps take place, in particular, within a compilation device and an adaptation device of the computer device. These two devices can also be provided as a single device.

[0070] In the aforementioned steps, the sorting target fraction is compiled within the computer device by assembling, joining or combining individual sorting items that meet the sorting criteria to form this sorting target fraction.

[0071] e) Generating a sorting signal for the appropriate sorting of the items assembled into the sorting target fraction. A corresponding sorting signal is generated in the computer device for those items assembled into the sorting target fraction, preferably in a sorting signal generating device. The sorting signal is transmitted via an interface of the computer device, the third interface, and via a signal line to a sorting device, where the item is sorted accordingly based on the sorting signal.

[0072] According to one embodiment, the comparison device, the checking device, the compilation device, the adaptation device, and the sorting signal generation device are components of a computer program product, such as software or an algorithm. However, they can also be implemented in the computer device in the form of logic, logic components, or the like. Individual devices can also be combined into a single device.

[0073] After the analysis step, the alloying elements or their alloying element constituents can be compared with static limit values for alloying elements or alloying element proportions as part of a comparison step. According to one embodiment, in the computer device, for example in the comparison device, alloying element proportions of at least individual alloying elements of the sorting pieces to be sorted are additionally compared with static limit values for alloying element proportions that each sorting piece to be combined into the target sorting fraction must comply with. The static limit values can also be stored in the storage device and changed as needed. A sorting piece is only combined into the sorting target fraction if it complies with these static limit values.In this regard, explicit reference is also made here to the corresponding statements in connection with the first aspect of the invention.

[0074] According to one embodiment, depending on the sorting pieces for which at least individual alloying element fractions of the analyzed alloying elements do not comply with the target limit values of the target alloy and which are combined into the target sorting fraction, the combination of sorting pieces into the sorting target fraction is adjusted. This is done in particular in the adjustment device by dynamically regulating at least individual limit values of the target alloy, at least temporarily, during the sorting process. The alloying element fractions of the sorting pieces combined into the sorting target fraction must comply with these progression limit values, while the average composition of the sorting target fraction must not fall below and / or exceed the original limit range of the target alloy. This is the embodiment of the dynamic sorting limits.In this regard, explicit reference is also made here to the corresponding statements in connection with the first aspect of the invention.

[0075] According to another embodiment, depending on the sorting pieces in which at least individual alloying element proportions of the analyzed alloying elements do not comply with the target limit values of the target alloy and which are compiled into the sorting target fraction, the compilation of sorting pieces into the sorting target fraction is adapted by, in particular, weighting and averaging the alloying element proportions of the compiled alloying element proportions of the sorting pieces during the sorting process, comparing the alloying element mean value with the target limit values of the target alloy and, if the alloying element mean value complies with the target limit values, the sorting pieces are compiled into the sorting target fraction.

[0076] In this regard, explicit reference is also made here to the corresponding statements in connection with the first aspect of the invention.

[0077] Depending on the sorting pieces already assembled in the target sorting fraction, whose alloying elements comply with the target limit values of the target alloy on average, in particular on a weighted basis, the following sorting pieces are assembled into the target sorting fraction, each depending on the fulfilment of the condition that they continue to comply with the alloying constituents of the target alloy on average, in particular on a weighted basis, when sorted.

[0078] According to one embodiment, object recognition values relating to the volume and / or geometry of the items to be sorted are received in the computer device. The object recognition values are received in the computer device via a corresponding interface, the first interface, provided by an object recognition device, wherein the first interface is connected to the object recognition device via a signal line. In one embodiment, the signals from the object recognition device are fed to the compilation device so that the items to be sorted are compiled into the sorting target fraction taking into account their volume and / or geometry. This allows, in particular, the alloying elements determined by the analysis device or their alloying element proportions of the analyzed item to be sorted to be weighted with the volume and / or mass of the item to be sorted.In this regard, explicit reference is also made here to the corresponding statements in connection with the first aspect of the invention.

[0079] According to one embodiment, the method according to the first aspect of the invention and / or the method according to the second aspect of the invention can be carried out in situ and / or continuously. In both cases, the method can be adapted live as needed.

[0080] According to the third aspect of the invention, a sorting device is provided which has the features of independent patent claim 11. The sorting device is provided for alloy-dependent sorting of sorted material, wherein the sorted material is fed in during a sorting process in the form of sorting pieces, in particular within a material flow, and the sorting pieces are sorted according to defined sorting criteria. The sorting device is designed in particular to carry out a sorting method according to the first and second aspects of the invention and has means for carrying out the method according to the first or second aspect of the invention. To avoid repetition, reference is therefore made in full at this point to the statements on the first and second aspects of the invention and to the general description of the invention.

[0081] The sorting device has in particular the following features: An analysis device that is configured or provided for analyzing at least individual alloying elements and their alloying element proportions in the sorting pieces to be sorted. The analysis device is connected, for example, via a signal line to the second interface of the computer device of the sorting apparatus. However, the analysis device can also be a component of the computer device. According to one embodiment, the analysis device is provided as a device for laser-induced plasma spectroscopy, in particular with an additional cleaning step. In this regard, explicit reference is also made here to the corresponding statements in connection with the first and second aspects of the invention. A computer device that is configured or provided for compiling a sorting target fraction of sorting pieces.The computer device can, for example, be the control device of the sorting device, or form a component of the control device, or be a component independent of the control device. The computer device, in particular, has means for carrying out the method according to the first or second aspect of the invention.

[0082] According to one embodiment, the computer device is configured to carry out the method according to the second aspect of the invention. To avoid repetition, reference is therefore also made here in full to the statements regarding the first and second aspects of the invention as well as to the general description of the invention.

[0083] The computer system has the following components: A comparison device that is configured or provided for comparing the alloying element proportions of the alloying elements of the sorted pieces with a target alloy that defines target limits within which individual alloy constituents may be present in a sorting target fraction of sorted pieces. In one embodiment, the comparison device is connected to a storage device in which the target alloy and its target limits are stored. The comparison device is further connected to the analysis device, for example via a signal line and the second interface in the computer device. In this regard, explicit reference is also made to the corresponding statements in connection with the first and second aspects of the invention.A checking device which is set up or provided to check whether the alloy content values of the alloy constituents of the sorting pieces analyzed in the analysis step comply with the target limit values of the target alloy. In this regard, explicit reference is also made here to the corresponding statements in connection with the first and second aspects of the invention. The comparison device and the checking device can be combined into a single device. A compiling device which is set up or provided to compile sorting pieces into the sorting target fraction. In this regard, explicit reference is also made here to the corresponding statements in connection with the first and second aspects of the invention.An adjustment device that is configured or provided to adjust the composition of the sorting pieces in the sorting target fraction depending on these sorting pieces and the determined current composition of the sorting target fraction in such a way that the target limit values of the target alloy in the sorting target fraction are met overall. In this regard, explicit reference is also made here to the corresponding statements in connection with the first and second aspects of the invention.

[0084] Depending on the embodiment, the compilation device and the adaptation device may represent different or a common component of the computer device.

[0085] Furthermore, the computer device can have a sorting signal generating device that generates sorting signals for the items to be sorted and transmits them to a sorting system, for example, via the third interface and a signal line connected to it. In this regard, explicit reference is also made here to the corresponding statements in connection with the first and second aspects of the invention. Sorting can be carried out, for example, using high-performance parallel air pulse technology.

[0086] According to one embodiment, the adjustment device is configured for at least temporarily dynamic control of at least individual limit values of the target alloy. In this regard, explicit reference is also made here to the corresponding statements in connection with the first and second aspects of the invention.

[0087] According to one embodiment, the adjustment device is configured to form an alloying element mean value from the individual alloying element proportions of the analyzed alloy constituents of the sorted pieces, to compare the alloy content mean value of the sorting target fraction, including the current sorted piece, with the target limit values of the target alloy, and to combine the sorted pieces into the sorting target fraction if the alloying element mean value complies with the target limit values. In this regard, explicit reference is also made to the corresponding statements in connection with the first and second aspects of the invention.

[0088] According to one embodiment, the sorting device comprises a device for object recognition, which is configured to determine the volume and / or geometry of the items to be sorted. In this regard, explicit reference is also made here to the corresponding statements in connection with the first and second aspects of the invention.

[0089] According to one embodiment, the comparison device is provided for comparing the analyzed alloying elements and their alloying element proportions of the sorting pieces to be sorted with static limit values for alloying element proportions of at least individual alloying elements, which each sorting piece to be combined into the sorting target fraction must comply with. In this regard, explicit reference is also made here to the corresponding statements in connection with the first and second aspects of the invention.

[0090] According to the fourth aspect of the invention, a computer program product is provided which has the features according to independent patent claim 15. The computer program product comprises instructions which, when the computer program product is executed by a computer device, cause the computer device to carry out the steps of the method according to the first and second aspects of the invention. In this regard, explicit reference is also made here to the corresponding statements in connection with the first and second aspects of the invention and to the general description of the invention. The computer program product represents, in particular, software which can be loaded into a computer device, for example a memory thereof, transmitted over a network, or distributed on a data carrier.

[0091] The present invention is not limited to the sorting of specific materials. Some examples are given below. In principle, the invention is suitable for any sorting of sorting pieces, in particular from a material stream, based on their quantitative elemental composition, for example for the sorting of scrap, ores and the like. For example, the invention is suitable for the sorting of metals and metal alloys, for example aluminum alloys, steels with the matrix element iron, or other matrix elements. A preferred field of application is two-fraction sorting or multi-fraction sorting, for example of aluminum. The invention enables sorting according to the alloying elements contained in the aluminum, such as magnesium, silicon, copper, manganese or zinc.The invention can also be used for valuable non-ferrous metals such as copper and brass scrap as well as other non-ferrous metals, even with a tinned surface.

[0092] The invention will now be explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a sorting device in which the invention is implemented or can be implemented; Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the Figure 1 shown sorting device, which cooperates with a computer device to carry out the method according to the invention; and Figure 3 in an enlarged detailed view the Figure 2 computer device shown.

[0093] In the Figures 1 to 3A sorting device 10 is shown, which is provided for alloy-dependent sorting of material to be sorted, for example in the form of shredded scrap, such as aluminum scrap. First, the structural design of the sorting device 10 is described. Then, the sequence of a sorting method using the sorting device 10 is described.

[0094] As from Figure 1As can be seen, a central feature of the sorting device 10 is a transport device in the form of a conveyor belt 15, which moves in the running direction 15a, for example at a speed of up to 3 m / s. Via a feed device 11, for example a hopper, the material to be sorted is fed to a separating device 12, for example a vibrating device, where it is separated and placed on the conveyor belt 15 in the form of sorting pieces 13, 14. An object recognition device 17 serves to determine the volume and / or geometry of the sorting pieces 13, 14. An analysis device 18, which is provided as a device for laser-induced plasma spectroscopy, in particular with an additional cleaning step, serves to analyze the sorting pieces 13, 14 for individual alloy components and their alloy content values. The sorting pieces are checked in the analysis device 18 to determine whether they meet the search criteria.The sorted pieces 13, 14 are then sorted using a sorting system 16, for example, an air pulse sorting system. In . Figure 1 A two-fraction sorting process is shown. Those sorting items 14 that do not meet the sorting criteria are sorted into a first fraction. Those sorting items 13, 13a, 13b that meet the sorting criteria are sorted into a sorting target fraction 20.

[0095] In Figure 2 the sorting device 10 is made of Figure 1 shown in a highly schematic manner, where the interaction with a computer device 21 is also shown. In Figure 2the computer device 21 is part of a control device 19. After leaving the feed device 11 with the singling device 12, the sorted pieces 13, 14 lie on the conveyor belt 15 and first pass the object recognition device 17. The object recognition device 17 is connected to the computer device 21 via a signal line 28. The sorted pieces 13, 14 then pass the analysis device 18 in the running direction 15a of the conveyor belt 15. The analysis device 18 is also connected to the computer device 21 via a signal line 30. Sorting signals are generated in the computer device 21 and are then transmitted to the sorting device 16 via a signal line 32.

[0096] Figure 3shows the computer device 21 in greater detail. The computer device 21 has a first interface 29, via which it is connected to the signal line 28 to the object recognition device 17. Furthermore, the computer device 21 has a second interface 31, via which it is connected to the signal line 30 to the analysis device 18. Sorting signals are transmitted from the computer device 21 via a third interface 33, which is connected to the sorter 16 via the signal line 32. The computer device 21 has several components. First, the computer device 21 has a comparison device 22, which is connected to a memory device 23. A target alloy 34 with target limit values is stored in the memory device 23. Static limit values can also be stored in the memory device.The comparison device 22 is also connected to the second interface 31 and, via the latter, to the analysis device 18. Furthermore, the computer device 21 has a checking device 24, a compiling device 25, an adapting device 26, and a sorting signal generating device 27. The compiling device 25 is connected to the object recognition device 17 via the first interface 29. The sorting signal generating device 27 is connected to the sorter 16 via the third interface 33.

[0097] The following describes the sorting process which is carried out using the sorting device according to the Figures 1 to 3 For a description of the sorting process, please refer to the Figures 1 to 3The aim of the sorting process is to combine suitable sorting pieces 13, 13a, 13b into a sorting target fraction 20, with the aim of improving the yield during the sorting process.

[0098] The material to be sorted in the form of sorting pieces 13, 14 is fed from the feed device 11, separated in the separating device 12 and transferred to the conveyor belt 15, on which the sorting pieces 13, 14, for example with a width of up to two meters, are distributed evenly and as far as possible without overlapping and accelerated to a conveying speed of up to three meters per second in the conveying direction 15a.

[0099] Subsequently, the object recognition device 17, which is configured, for example, in the form of a fast laser scanner, measures the separated sorting items 13, 14 with regard to their surface geometry. This measurement is important for determining the center of gravity for the subsequent sorting 16 of the respective sorting item 13, 14. Furthermore, the object recognition device 17 determines the volume of the sorting items. The values generated by the object recognition device 17 are transmitted to the computer device 21 via the signal line 28 and the first interface 29.

[0100] Immediately following rapid object detection, laser processing with the analysis device 18 follows. First, a high-power laser cleans a small area on the surface of a sorting piece 13, 14. In the second sub-process, laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS) is performed on the previously cleaned and stripped surface using the same laser. The entire process takes place in a continuous flow using the conveyor belt 15. With the help of laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS), the characteristic fingerprint of the sorting pieces 13, 14 can be determined quickly and reliably. A high-intensity laser beam is focused onto the surface and vaporizes a small amount of the metal near the surface. During evaporation, a plasma glow is created, which, with its characteristic spectrum, signals the concentration distribution of the alloy components in the sorting pieces 13, 14.By evaluating this spectrum, it is possible to identify the exact alloy of the sorting pieces 13,14.

[0101] The alloy components provided by the analysis device 18 and their alloy content values of the sorting pieces 13, 14 to be sorted are transmitted to the computer device 21 via the signal line 30 and the second interface 31.

[0102] In the comparison device 22, the alloy content values of the alloy constituents of the sorting pieces 13, 14 are compared with a predetermined target alloy 34, which defines target limits within which individual alloy constituents may be present in the sorting target fraction 20 of sorting pieces. The target alloy 34 is stored in the storage device 23 and can be changed as needed by the user of the sorting device 10. According to one embodiment, in the comparison device 22, the alloy content values of at least individual alloy constituents of the sorting pieces 13, 14 to be sorted are also compared with static limit values of alloy content that each sorting piece to be combined into the target sorting fraction must comply with. The static limit values can also be stored in the storage device 23 and changed as needed.A sorting piece 13,14 is only compiled into the sorting target fraction 20 if it complies with these static limit values.

[0103] The checking device 24 then checks whether the alloy content values of the alloy components of the sorting pieces 13, 14 to be sorted comply with the target limit values of the target alloy 34.

[0104] In the assembly device 25, suitable sorting pieces 13, 13a, 13b are assembled into the sorting target fraction 20. In addition to sorting pieces 13 that comply with the target limit values of the target alloy 34, at least individual sorting pieces 13a, 13b, for which at least individual analyzed alloy content values of the alloy constituents do not comply with the target limit values of the target alloy 34, are also assembled into the sorting target fraction 20. According to one embodiment, the values provided by the object recognition device 17 can also be taken into account in the assembly device 25, so that the sorting pieces 13, 13a, 13 are also assembled into the sorting target fraction 20, taking into account their volume and / or geometry.In this way, in particular the alloy components determined by means of the analysis device 18 or their alloy content values of the analyzed sorting pieces 13, 13a, 13b can be weighted with the volume and / or the mass of the sorting piece.

[0105] Depending on those sorting pieces 13a, 13b which do not comply with the target limit values of the target alloy 34 but are nevertheless compiled into the sorting target fraction 20, the compilation of sorting pieces 13, 13a, 13b into the sorting target fraction 20 is adapted in the adaptation device 26 such that the target limit values of the target alloy 34 in the sorting target fraction 20 are complied with overall.

[0106] For example, the target limit values of the target alloy 34 are temporarily changed such that the target limit values of the target alloy 34a in the sorting target fraction 20 are met overall across all assembled sorting pieces 13, and that sorting pieces 13a, 13b are also assembled into the sorting target fraction 20 which do not meet at least individual alloying element proportions of the original target limit values of the target alloy 34.

[0107] For example, this can be achieved by dynamically controlling at least individual limit values of the target alloy, at least temporarily, during the sorting process. According to another embodiment, during the sorting process, the alloy content values of the analyzed alloy constituents of the sorting pieces 13, 13a, 13b are calculated using a weighted average, wherein the alloying element mean is compared with the target limit values of the target alloy 34, and if the alloying element mean complies with the target limit values, the sorting pieces 13, 13a, 13b are combined into the sorting target fraction 20.

[0108] The computer device 21 generates sorting signals in the sorting signal generating device 27 for the appropriate sorting of the sorting pieces 13, 13a, 13b compiled into the sorting target fraction 20. The sorting signals are transmitted via the third interface 33 and via the signal line 32 to the sorting device 16, where the sorting pieces 13, 13a, 13b, 14 are accordingly sorted based on the sorting signals. In the example shown, as can be seen in particular from Figure 1 As can be seen, this is a two-fraction sorting process. Those sorting items 13, 13a, 13b that were compiled into the sorting target fraction 20 by the computer device 21 represent the first fraction of the sorting process. Those sorting items 14 that do not meet the sorting criteria represent the second fraction and are sorted out accordingly. List of reference symbols

[0109] 10Sorting device 11Feed device for sorting material 12Separation device for sorting material 13Sorting piece 13aFirst sorting piece 13bSecond sorting piece 14Sorting piece 15Conveyor belt 15aDirection of travel of the conveyor belt 16Sorting (two-fraction sorting) 17Device for object recognition 18Analysis device 19Control device 20Target sorting fraction 21Computer device 22Comparison device 23Storage device 24Checking device 25Compilation device 26Adaptation device 27Sorting signal generation device 28Signal line 29First interface 30Signal line 31Second interface 32Signal line 33Third interface 34Target alloy 34aTarget alloy with at least some extended alloy limits

Claims

1. A method for alloy-dependent sorting of sorted material, wherein the sorted material is provided in the form of sorted pieces (13, 14) during a sorting process, in particular within a material flow, and the sorted pieces (13, 14) are sorted according to defined sorting criteria; in which the sorted pieces (13, 14) to be sorted are analyzed for at least individual alloying elements and their alloying element proportions; in which the analyzed alloying elements of the sorted pieces (13, 14) are compared with a predetermined target alloy (34) which defines target limit values ​​within which individual alloying elements may be present in a sorting target fraction (20) of sorted pieces (13), wherein the alloying element proportions of the alloying elements of the sorted pieces (13, 14) are compared with the target limit values ​​of the target alloy (34);and in which the sorting pieces (13,14) are compiled in relation to the target alloy (33) into the sorting target fraction (20); ; characterized by that at least individual sorting pieces (13a, 13b), in which at least individual analyzed alloying element portions of the alloying elements that do not comply with the target limit values ​​of the target alloy (34) are combined into the sorting target fraction (20), and that depending on these sorting pieces (13a, 13b) and the determined current composition of the sorting target fraction (20), the composition of sorting pieces (13, 13a) in the sorting target fraction (20) is adjusted such that the target limit values ​​of the target alloy (34) in the sorting target fraction (20) are complied with overall.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe sorting pieces (13, 14) to be sorted are analyzed for individual alloying elements by means of an analysis device (18) for laser-induced plasma spectroscopy, in particular with an additional cleaning step.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the analyzed alloying elements and their alloying element proportions of the sorting pieces (13, 14) to be sorted are compared with static limit values ​​for alloying element proportions of at least individual alloying elements, which each sorting piece (13, 13a, 13b) to be compiled into the sorting target fraction (20) must comply with, and that a sorting piece (13, 13a, 13b) is only compiled into the sorting target fraction (20) if it complies with these static limit values.

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in thatdepending on the sorting pieces (13a, 13b) in which at least individual alloying element proportions of the analyzed alloying elements do not comply with the target limit values ​​of the target alloy (34) and which are compiled into the sorting target fraction (20), the compilation of sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b) into the sorting target fraction (20) is adapted by at least temporarily dynamically regulating at least individual limit values ​​of the target alloy (34) during the sorting process, and in that the alloying element proportions of the sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b) which are compiled into the sorting target fraction (20) comply with these progression limit values, while the average composition of the sorting target fraction (20) does not fall below and / or exceed the original limit range of the target alloy (34).

5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in thatdepending on the sorting pieces (13a, 13b) in which at least individual alloying element proportions of the analyzed alloying elements do not comply with the target limit values ​​of the target alloy (34) and which are compiled into the sorting target fraction (20), the compilation of sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b) into the sorting target fraction (20) is adapted by, in the course of the sorting process, the alloying element proportions of the compiled alloying element proportions of the sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b) are averaged, in particular in a weighted manner, that the alloying element mean value is compared with the target limit values ​​of the target alloy (34) and that, if the alloying element mean value complies with the target limit values, the sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b) are compiled into the sorting target fraction (20).

6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in thatin an object recognition step, the volume and / or the geometry of the sorting pieces (13, 14) to be sorted is determined, and that the sorting pieces (13) are combined into the sorting target fraction (20) taking into account their volume and / or their geometry.

7. A method carried out by a computer device (21) for assembling a sorting target fraction (20) from a material to be sorted, wherein the material to be sorted is provided during a sorting process in the form of sorting pieces (13, 14), in particular within a material flow, characterized bythe following steps carried out in the computer device (21): a) determining or receiving alloying elements and their alloying element proportions from sorting pieces (13, 14) to be sorted; b) comparing the alloying element proportions of the alloying elements of the sorting pieces (13, 14) with a predetermined target alloy (34) which defines target limit values ​​within which individual alloying elements may be present in a sorting target fraction (20) from sorting pieces (13); c) checking whether the alloying element proportions of the alloying elements of the sorting pieces (13, 14) to be sorted comply with the target limit values ​​of the target alloy (34);d) assembling suitable sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b) to form a sorting target fraction (20), wherein, depending on these sorting pieces (13a, 13b) and the determined current composition of the sorting target fraction (20), the assembly of sorting pieces (13, 13a) into the sorting target fraction (20) is adjusted such that the target limit values ​​of the target alloy (34) in the sorting target fraction (20) are met overall; and e) generating a sorting signal for the appropriate sorting of the suitable sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b).

8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of: comparing analyzed alloying element proportions of at least individual alloying elements of the sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b) to be sorted with static limit values ​​of alloying element proportions which each sorting piece (13, 13a, 13b) to be compiled into the sorting target fraction (20) must comply with, and assembling a sorting piece (13, 13a, 13b) into the sorting target fraction (20) only if it complies with these static limit values.

9. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in thatdepending on the sorting pieces (13a, 13b) for which at least individual alloying element proportions of the analyzed alloying elements do not comply with the target limit values ​​of the target alloy (34) and which are compiled into the sorting target fraction (20), the compilation of sorting pieces into the sorting target fraction (20) is adapted by at least temporarily dynamically regulating at least individual limit values ​​of the target alloy (34) during the sorting process, wherein the alloying element proportions of the sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b) compiled into the sorting target fraction (20) comply with these progression limit values, while the average composition of the sorting target fraction (20) does not fall below and / or exceed the original limit range of the target alloy (34), or by weighting the alloying element proportions of the compiled alloying element proportions of the sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b) in particular during the sorting process,that the alloying element mean value is compared with the target limit values ​​of the target alloy (34) and that, if the alloying element mean value complies with the target limit values, the sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b) are compiled into the sorting target fraction (20).

10. Method according to one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising the step of: receiving object recognition values ​​relating to the volume and / or geometry of the sorting items (13, 13a, 13b) to be sorted and assembling the sorting items into the sorting target fraction (20) taking into account their volume and / or geometry.

11. Sorting device (10) which is provided for alloy-dependent sorting of sorted material, wherein the sorted material is supplied in the form of sorting pieces (13, 14) during a sorting process, in particular within a material flow, and the sorting pieces (13, 14) are sorted according to defined sorting criteria, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 10, comprising • an analysis device (18) which is set up to analyze at least individual alloying elements and their alloying element proportions in the sorting pieces (13, 14) to be sorted; • a computer device (21) which is set up to compile a sorting target fraction (20) of sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b), comprising: • a comparison device (22) which is set up to compare the alloying element proportions of the alloying elements of the sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b, 14) with a target alloy (34) which defines target limit values,within which individual alloying elements may be present in a sorting target fraction (20) of sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b), • a checking device (24) which is set up to check whether the alloying element proportions of the alloying elements of the sorting pieces (13, 14) analyzed in the analysis step comply with the target limit values ​​of the target alloy (34), • a compilation device (25) which is set up to compile sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b) to form the sorting target fraction (20), and • an adaptation device (26) which is set up to adapt the compilation of sorting pieces (13, 13a) in the sorting target fraction (20) depending on these sorting pieces (13a, 13b) and the determined current composition of the sorting target fraction (20) in such a way that the target limit values ​​of the target alloy (34) in the sorting target fraction (20) are complied with overall.

12. Sorting device according to claim 11, characterized in that the analysis device (18) is designed as a device for laser-induced plasma spectroscopy, in particular with an additional cleaning step.

13. Sorting device according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the adaptation device (26) is set up for the at least temporary dynamic control of at least individual limit values ​​of the target alloy (34), or that the adaptation device (26) is set up to form an alloy element mean value from the individual alloy element proportions of the analyzed alloy constituents of the sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b), to compare the alloy content mean value of the sorting target fraction including the current sorting piece (13, 13a or 13b) with the target limit values ​​of the target alloy (34) and to combine the sorting pieces (13, 13a, 13b) into the sorting target fraction (20) if the alloy element mean value complies with the target limit values.

14. Sorting device according to one of claims 11 to 13, further comprising a device for object recognition (17) which is designed to determine the volume and / or the geometry of the sorting pieces (13, 14), and / or comprising that the comparison device (22) is provided for comparing the analyzed alloying elements and their alloying element proportions of the sorting pieces (13, 14) to be sorted with static limit values ​​for alloying element proportions of at least individual alloying elements, which each sorting piece (13, 13a, 13b) to be compiled into the sorting target fraction (20) must comply with, 15. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the computer program product is executed by a computer device (21), cause the computer device (21) to carry out the steps of the method according to one of claims 1 to 10.

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