Method and device for producing a composite body

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a composite body (1) comprising a concrete body (2) and a flat element (3). An underside (3a) of the flat element (3) is adhered to an upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2). An upper side (3b) of the flat element (3) forms an upper side of the composite body (1). An adhesive (4) is applied to at least one sub-region of the underside (3a) of the flat element (3). The flat element (3) is then moved towards the concrete body (2) and pressed onto the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2) from above. The pressing of the flat element (3) onto the concrete body (2) is carried out in a green phase of the concrete body (2), in which the concrete body (2) is dimensionally stable but not yet bonded.

Description

[0001] Method and device for producing a composite body

[0002] This application claims priority from German patent application No. 10 2022 127 331 .8, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] The invention relates to a method for producing a composite body which comprises a concrete body and a planar element, according to which a bottom side of the planar element is glued to a top side of the concrete body, and wherein a top side of the planar element forms a top side of the composite body.

[0004] The invention further relates to a device for producing a composite body which comprises a concrete body and a planar element, wherein a bottom side of the planar element is glued to a top side of the concrete body and a top side of the planar element forms a top side of the composite body.

[0005] The invention also relates to a composite body according to claim 26.

[0006] The current state of the art includes natural stone slabs, tiles, and ceramic slabs for installation, especially outdoors. It has been shown that tiles and ceramic slabs, especially with thicker material, reach their technical and economic limits, especially in so-called unbound construction.

[0007] For efficient technical and economic production, it has proven advantageous if the tile or ceramic plate is used in combination with a concrete body.

[0008] A generic method and a device for producing a composite body which comprises a concrete body and a flat element is known from EP 3 216 776 B1.

[0009] The generic document proposes applying an adhesive to the underside of a solid brick body or a ceramic tile in order to bond the ceramic tile to a concrete body. For this purpose, the ceramic tile is placed in a casting mold used to manufacture or produce the concrete body. The ceramic tile is intended to seal with the side walls of the casting mold. The ceramic tile is placed in the casting mold in such a way that the upper side of the ceramic tile, which later forms the upper side of the composite body, is oriented downwards. The underside of the ceramic tile, to which the adhesive is applied, is thus oriented upwards. After the ceramic tile has been appropriately arranged in the mold, a concrete material is poured into the casting mold. It is proposed to fill the mold in such a way that a concrete layer with a thickness of 1 to 12 cm, preferably 3 to 8 cm, is created.After filling with the concrete material, compaction can be carried out in a generally known manner, preferably in conjunction with vibration. Once the filled concrete material has at least partially hardened, in particular to the extent that the concrete body formed by the concrete material is green-stable or has a green-stable state in which the concrete body is dimensionally stable but not yet set, the composite body formed from the concrete body and the ceramic plate can be removed from the mold and preferably placed in a setting chamber where a higher temperature prevails. In the setting chamber, the concrete body can fully harden.

[0010] EP 3 216 776 B1 proposes, as an alternative to filling the mold with a pourable concrete material, that a hardened concrete body be added to the ceramic plate, which has been placed in the casting mold and coated with an adhesive, and that this hardened concrete body be placed on the underside of the ceramic plate. The hardened concrete body is said to have a concrete with a so-called "open structure." The generic document states that a concrete with an open structure is suitable for bonding with the adhesive applied to the ceramic plate, since the adhesive can penetrate into the pores of the concrete body. The generic document proposes the addition of polymerizable monomers to achieve penetration of the adhesive into the pores of the concrete body. For this purpose, the adhesive applied to the ceramic plate is coated accordingly before the concrete body is placed on the ceramic plate.As a further alternative embodiment, it is proposed that a concrete mass is filled onto the coated surface of the ceramic plate provided with the polymerizable monomers instead of a hardened concrete body.

[0011] For further prior art, reference is also made to EP 3 216 775 B1, which proposes that a primer composition containing monomers forming part of a water-polymerizable polymerization system is used to bond a tile to a concrete body, the primer composition being applied to a surface of the tile and a surface of the concrete body.

[0012] For further prior art, reference is also made to EP 3 231 784 A1.

[0013] A disadvantage of the generic device and the generic method is that the ceramic plate must be inserted precisely into the casting mold for the concrete body so that the pourable concrete material can then be applied or a concrete body with an open structure can be pressed onto the correspondingly positioned ceramic plate.

[0014] In the prior art, particularly due to the increasing demand for composite bodies composed of a ceramic plate and a concrete body, there is a need for a technically and economically advantageous production method that enables a stable connection between the ceramic plate and the concrete body and that also withstands the demands encountered during subsequent use of the composite body, in particular weather conditions (humidity and temperature). The present invention is based on the object of creating a method for producing a composite body comprising a concrete body and a flat element, by which a firm and permanent connection is created between the concrete body and the flat element, and which can be implemented in a technically and economically advantageous manner.

[0015] This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.

[0016] The present invention is also based on the object of creating a device for producing a composite body which has a concrete body and a planar element, by means of which a firm and permanent connection between the concrete body and the planar element can be produced.

[0017] This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 18.

[0018] The present invention is further based on the object of providing a composite body consisting of a concrete body and a planar element, which is produced economically and technically advantageously and in which the concrete body is firmly and permanently connected to the planar element.

[0019] Such a composite body is provided by the features of claim 26.

[0020] The inventive method for producing a composite body comprising a concrete body and a planar element provides for an underside of the planar element to be bonded to an upper side of the concrete body. The upper side of the planar element forms the upper side of the composite body. According to the invention, an adhesive is applied to at least a partial area of ​​the underside of the planar element, and the planar element is then brought to the concrete body and pressed onto the upper side of the concrete body. The pressing of the planar element onto the concrete body is carried out in a green state of the concrete body, in which the concrete body is dimensionally stable but not yet set.

[0021] A green-strength concrete body is understood to mean, in particular, a concrete body in which the main compaction process has been completed but which has not yet set.

[0022] A concrete body in its green state is also referred to in the art as a "green" concrete blank. The green state of the concrete body means that the concrete body has already hardened to such an extent that it retains its shape when it leaves the production mold, the casting mold, or the filling mold, or when it is removed from the mold.

[0023] The flat element coated with adhesive is pressed onto the top of the concrete body while it is still wet. It has proven suitable and sufficient if the adhesive is applied to at least a portion of the underside of the flat element. While it is generally possible to apply the adhesive over the entire underside of the flat element, this is not absolutely necessary to create a firm and permanent bond between the flat element and the concrete body, nor is it necessarily advantageous, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0024] Within the scope of the method according to the invention, it has also been found advantageous if the adhesive is applied only to the underside of the planar element and not additionally to the upper side of the concrete body intended for bonding to the planar element. In contrast to the teaching according to EP 3 216 775 B1, it is considered advantageous in the present case if the adhesive is applied only to one side, i.e., if the adhesive is applied only to at least a partial area of ​​the underside of the planar element.

[0025] The inventors have recognized that a particularly advantageous method for producing a composite body results if, in contrast to the prior art, the flat element, to the underside of which the adhesive is applied, is brought to the concrete body after the adhesive has been applied and pressed onto the top side of the concrete body. This process has proven advantageous compared to bringing the concrete body to the flat element and, in particular, is easier to integrate into concrete block production. A strong and permanently reliable bonding of the flat element to the concrete body can be achieved according to the invention by pressing the flat element onto a concrete body that is in a green state, i.e. in a state in which the concrete body is dimensionally stable but not yet or not yet fully set.It has been shown that this method can achieve a solid and permanently reliable connection between the flat element and the concrete body, even under weather conditions, particularly against moisture and temperature fluctuations. The method according to the invention is not only suitable for connecting a concrete body to a tile body or a ceramic plate, but has also been shown to be suitable for connecting a concrete body to any flat element, preferably made of a different material or a different material from the concrete body.

[0026] In the context of the invention, a composite body is a body which, in addition to the concrete body, has at least one planar element which is preferably made of another material.

[0027] The composite body is preferably a composite stone formed from the concrete body and a flat element, in particular a plate.

[0028] According to the invention, the planar element can be designed as a plate, in particular as a ceramic plate, rubber plate, vinyl plate, checkered plate, stainless steel plate, or metal plate, in particular with a structured upper surface and / or as a tile, natural stone, or laminate. The method according to the invention is particularly suitable when the planar element is designed as a ceramic plate, in particular as a tile.

[0029] The composite bodies according to the invention preferably have vertically extending spacers formed by the concrete body in a generally known manner. Such spacers are known, for example, from EP 2 401 432 B1.

[0030] According to the invention, it can further be provided that a mineral adhesive is used as the adhesive.

[0031] It has been shown that the use of a mineral adhesive can achieve a particularly strong and permanently reliable connection between the flat element and the concrete body.

[0032] According to the invention, it can further be provided that the flat element is moved plane-parallel and / or orthogonally relative to the upper side of the concrete body during the pressing onto the concrete body.

[0033] It has proven particularly advantageous if the flat element is moved plane-parallel and / or orthogonally (vertically) relative to the top surface of the concrete body during the pressing process. Preferably, the flat element is moved during the pressing process. However, it is also possible to move the concrete body or both elements while the flat element is being pressed onto the concrete body.

[0034] Within the scope of the method according to the invention, it has proven particularly advantageous if the concrete body is not moved during the pressing on of the planar element, but the plane-parallel and / or orthogonal movement, preferably an oscillating and / or vibrating movement, is generated only by the planar element.

[0035] It has been shown that by moving the flat element while it is being pressed onto the concrete body, the adhesive can be activated in a particularly advantageous manner and a firm and reliable connection can be created between the flat element and the concrete body.

[0036] In contrast to the prior art, in which compaction and vibration are only performed after the concrete material has been poured into the mold containing the flat element, it has proven advantageous if, while the flat element is being pressed onto the concrete body, the flat element is moved plane-parallel and / or orthogonally relative to the top side of the concrete body. It is advantageous if the flat element is moved in a vibrating and / or oscillating manner relative to the top side of the concrete body during the pressing process.

[0037] It has proven particularly suitable if the flat element is moved in a vibrating and / or oscillating manner relative to the upper side during the pressing process.

[0038] The vibration and / or oscillation occurs at such an intensity that the green-stable concrete body or its shape is not destroyed.

[0039] It has been found to be particularly advantageous if the vibrating and / or oscillating movement has an amplitude of less than 3 mm.

[0040] A movement of the flat element relative to the top of the concrete body has proven particularly suitable for activating the adhesive and creating a strong and permanent bond.

[0041] It has been shown that by pressing the flat element onto the concrete body, the adhesive is distributed in a suitable manner and, through vibration and / or oscillation, the adhesive bonds with the concrete body in a particularly advantageous manner, in particular penetrating into the pores of the concrete body.

[0042] It has been shown that a particularly advantageous composite body can be produced if the concrete body has a water-cement ratio (water-cement ratio in short: w / c ratio) of 0.25 to 0.45, ie a water content of between 25% and 45% of the weight of the cement when the flat element is pressed onto the concrete body, in particular a water-cement ratio of 0.35 to 0.45 has proven to be particularly suitable.

[0043] It has been shown that a particularly advantageous composite body can be produced if the concrete body has a water-to-binder ratio (water-to-binder ratio, in short: w / b value) of 0.25 to 0.45, i.e. a water content of between 25% and 45% of the weight of the binder when the flat element is pressed onto the concrete body, in particular a water-to-binder ratio of 0.35 to 0.45 has proven to be particularly suitable.

[0044] It has been found to be advantageous if the concrete body contains 10% to 25% natural sand 0 to 4 mm, preferably 14% to 22%, in particular 16% to 20% natural sand 0 to 4 mm.

[0045] It has also proven particularly suitable if the adhesive is applied by brushing and / or spraying onto the underside of the flat element. It is advantageous if the adhesive is applied to the underside of the flat element in sections, preferably leaving a peripheral edge of the underside of the flat element free.

[0046] Within the scope of the method according to the invention, it can be provided that the adhesive is applied over the entire underside of the planar element. However, it has proven advantageous if the adhesive is not applied over the entire surface, but preferably only in sections or to a partial area of ​​the underside, preferably in sections over the entire underside. It has proven particularly suitable if a peripheral edge of the underside of the planar element is left free, i.e., adhesive is only applied to a partial area of ​​the underside. It has proven advantageous if, when the planar element is pressed onto the concrete body, no adhesive is squeezed over the edge of the underside of the planar element. This can be achieved advantageously, for example, by leaving a peripheral edge of the underside of the planar element free when applying the adhesive.

[0047] The adhesive can preferably be applied to the underside of the planar element in such a way that the planar element is pushed with the underside oriented upwards beneath an adhesive application device, wherein the adhesive application device applies the adhesive to the underside of the planar element preferably with a notched trowel structure over part of the area, preferably distributed over the entire underside, particularly preferably leaving a peripheral edge free.

[0048] Further advantageous measures to ensure that no adhesive leaks out when the flat element is pressed onto the concrete body are described in more detail below, whereby these measures can also be used in combination with leaving a peripheral edge free and / or as alternatives to this.

[0049] It is advantageous if the adhesive is applied to the underside of the flat element with a notched trowel structure, wherein the adhesive is preferably applied in such a way that the adhesive has a thickness of 3 mm to 10 mm, preferably 4 mm to 8 mm, in particular 5 mm to 7 mm, in the areas in which it has a greater thickness on the underside of the flat element.

[0050] It has proven particularly advantageous if the adhesive is applied using a notched trowel structure. It can be provided that the notched trowel structure is designed in such a way that an adhesive is provided both in the heights (elevations) and in the depths of the structure resulting from the notched trowel. However, it has proven particularly advantageous if no adhesive is provided in the valleys of the notched trowel structure. By pressing the flat element onto the upper side of the concrete body, the adhesive is then distributed, preferably over the entire surface, preferably leaving a peripheral edge free, on the underside of the flat element. According to the invention, it can be provided that the upper side of the concrete body is structured, in particular roughened, and / or provided with grooves and / or ribs and / or a notched trowel structure before the flat element is pressed on.

[0051] To create a strong and permanently reliable connection between the flat element and the concrete body, it has proven particularly suitable if the upper side of the concrete body is structured, in particular roughened, before the flat element is pressed on. Additionally or alternatively, it can also be provided that grooves and / or ribs are incorporated into the upper side of the concrete body and / or the upper side of the concrete body has a notched trowel structure. The aforementioned design of the upper side of the concrete body before the flat element is pressed on can be provided as an alternative, but can also be carried out in conjunction with the adhesive being applied to the underside of the flat element with a notched trowel structure.

[0052] It is advantageous if the top side of the concrete body is structured by a stamp pressed onto the top side of the concrete body during the manufacture of the concrete body, preferably a stamp used to compact the concrete body.

[0053] It has proven particularly suitable to achieve the structuring and / or the grooves and / or the ribs and / or the notched trowel structure in the upper surface of the concrete body by structuring the upper surface of the concrete body using a stamp pressed onto the upper surface of the concrete body during its manufacture. Preferably, the stamp used for this purpose can be the one used in a generally known manner for compacting the concrete body. Such a stamp is typically pressed onto the concrete body while it is still in the casting mold to compact the concrete body.

[0054] According to the invention, it can further be provided that the edge region of the upper side of the concrete body, preferably circumferentially around the upper side of the concrete body, is provided with pockets and / or depressions and / or impressions and / or a chamfer, which are suitable for receiving adhesive displaced by the pressing on of the flat element.

[0055] It has proven particularly advantageous if the upper surface of the concrete body has pockets and / or depressions and / or indentations and / or a chamfer that are suitable for absorbing adhesive displaced by the pressing of the flat element. The pockets, depressions, indentations, or the chamfer can thus serve as a reservoir to absorb adhesive displaced when the flat element is pressed onto the concrete body.

[0056] It is advantageous if the pockets and / or the depressions and / or the indentations and / or the chamfer are or will be introduced by a stamp which is pressed onto the upper side of the concrete body during production of the concrete body, preferably a stamp which is used to compact the concrete body. It has proven to be particularly suitable if the pockets and / or the depressions and / or the indentations and / or the chamfer are already introduced into the concrete body during production of the latter, in particular by a stamp being pressed onto the upper side of the concrete body. Preferably, as already described above with regard to structuring, a stamp can be used for this purpose, which is used anyway to compact the concrete body at a time when the concrete body is still in the casting mould ora production mold, in particular a casting mold of a production mold, wherein the stamp serves to compact the concrete body in a basically known manner.

[0057] The casting molds of a production mold are also called formwork molds.

[0058] According to the invention, it can be provided that the position of the concrete body is determined, preferably measured, before the flat element is pressed on.

[0059] In principle, known methods can be used for this purpose. The position can also be determined using optical sensors. In contrast to the solution known from the generic document, in which the tile is located in a defined position within the casting mold, it is advantageous for automated production of the composite body if the position of the concrete body is determined before the flat element is pressed onto it, thus ensuring high production quality.

[0060] It is advantageous if the position of an entire production layer of concrete bodies is measured, preferably by measuring two diagonally opposite corner points of the production layer.

[0061] It has proven particularly efficient to measure the position of an entire production layer of concrete bodies. The production layer is preferably defined by a production mold used in the manufacture of the concrete bodies and into which the concrete mass is poured to form the concrete bodies. The production mold may have only one casting mold, which then corresponds to the production mold, or the production mold may have multiple casting molds, which then preferably define a production layer of the concrete bodies.

[0062] The measurement of a production layer can preferably be carried out by measuring two diagonally opposite corner points of the production layer or determining their position. From these positions, the position of all concrete bodies in the production layer can then be determined or derived. The position of the concrete bodies in a production layer relative to one another, after the concrete bodies have left the casting mold, is generally not arbitrary, but results from the casting mold or can be derived from it. It has been shown that it is sufficient if two diagonally opposite corner points of the production layer are measured or determined using appropriate sensors.

[0063] To measure a single concrete body, but especially to measure the entire production layer, appropriate measuring instruments can be used within the scope of the method according to the invention, in particular optical sensors that measure the entire layer at once, preferably by measuring opposite points or corner points of the production layer. The position and orientation of the production layer are preferably determined by determining only two points.

[0064] According to the invention, it can further be provided that the underside of the flat element is cleaned of dust, in particular blown off and / or brushed off, before the adhesive is applied.

[0065] It has proven particularly effective to clean the underside of the flat element of dust before applying the adhesive. Blowing or brushing has proven particularly effective in this case. Tiles and ceramic slabs, in particular, are usually sanded, so dust remains on the tile or ceramic slab. Using a blower or a brushing tool, such dust can be removed particularly effectively, improving the bond between the flat element and the concrete body.

[0066] According to the invention, it can further be provided that, after the flat element has been bonded on, the concrete body is fed to a setting area, preferably a setting chamber, with a higher temperature in which the concrete body sets.

[0067] It has proven particularly suitable if, after the flat element has been bonded, the concrete body—that is, the resulting composite body—is fed into a setting area, preferably a setting chamber. The concrete body can then cure accordingly in the setting area or chamber. It has also been shown that this also improves the bond between the flat element and the concrete body, and also the curing of the adhesive.

[0068] It is advantageous if the dimensions of the underside of the planar element substantially correspond to the dimensions of the top side of the concrete body, wherein preferably the extension of the top side of the planar element in a longitudinal direction and a width direction is in each case 1 mm to 40 mm, preferably 2 mm to 30 mm, in particular 3 mm to 20 mm, particularly preferably 4 mm to 10 mm, less than an extension of the top side of the concrete body in the respective direction.

[0069] The aforementioned dimensions have proven particularly suitable for the production of a composite body. It has proven particularly suitable when the extension of the flat element in a longitudinal and a width direction is less than the extension of the top side of the concrete body in the respective direction.

[0070] It can be advantageous if the flat element is glued to the concrete body while the concrete body is still in a production mold or a casting mold in which the concrete body is compacted, or if the flat element is glued to the concrete body after the concrete body has left a production mold or a casting mold in which the concrete body is compacted.

[0071] It has proven particularly advantageous if the flat element is only bonded to the concrete body once the concrete body has left the production mold or the casting mold in which the concrete body is compacted. In this case, it is a green-stable concrete body or a freshly produced and already de-molded concrete body or concrete block. The concrete body is thus located outside the production mold or the casting mold. However, the concrete body has not yet set or is preferably not yet in the setting area or the setting chamber. In this state, the flat element can be applied in a particularly suitable technical and economical manner.

[0072] Alternatively, it is also possible for the flat element to be bonded to the concrete body while the concrete body is still in the production mold or casting mold, where the concrete body is being compacted. The compaction of the concrete body has already taken place, meaning the concrete body is in a green-stable state, but still in the production mold or casting mold. It may be particularly suitable for special applications to bond the flat element to the concrete body in this state.

[0073] One advantage of applying the flat element to the concrete body while it is still in the production mold or casting mold can be that the flat element can be placed precisely, since the position of the concrete body in the production mold or casting mold is still precisely defined. However, pressing and positioning the flat element requires more time than if the concrete body has already left the production mold or casting mold.

[0074] It is advantageous if the flat element is bonded to the concrete body in a state in which it is already dimensionally stable, i.e., after the completion of the main compaction process but not yet fully set. Preferably, the concrete body is no longer in the production mold or casting mold in which it was compacted.

[0075] It is advantageous if the flat elements are fed into the concrete body and pressed onto it in a single operation, preferably using a multi-axis robot, in particular a six-axis robot. An advantageous device according to the invention for producing a composite body is defined in claim 18.

[0076] The device according to the invention for producing a composite body comprising a concrete body and a planar element, wherein an underside of the planar element is glued to an upper side of the concrete body and an upper side of the planar element forms an upper side of the composite body, has an adhesive application device which applies an adhesive to at least a partial area of ​​the underside of the planar element. Furthermore, the device according to the invention has a feed device which brings the planar element provided with the adhesive to the concrete body and presses the underside of the planar element onto the upper side of the concrete body. Furthermore, the invention provides a concrete body provision device in which the concrete body is in a green state in which the concrete body is dimensionally stable but not yet hardened.According to the invention, the feeding device is positioned relative to the concrete body supply device in such a way that the flat element can be pressed onto the green-stable concrete body.

[0077] The device according to the invention enables a particularly advantageous production of a composite body comprising a concrete body and a planar element. The adhesive application device is designed to provide at least a portion of the underside of the planar element with an adhesive or to apply the adhesive there. A cycle time of 3 seconds to 10 seconds, preferably 4 seconds to 6 seconds, is preferably provided for applying the adhesive. The planar element is then brought to the concrete body using the feed device, and the underside of the planar element is pressed onto the top side of the concrete body. The concrete body is located in a concrete body provision device in which the concrete body is in a green-stable state.

[0078] The feed device and the concrete body supply device are positioned such that the flat element can be pressed onto the green-stable concrete body, preferably in a single operation. The feed device can preferably comprise a multi-axis robot, preferably a six-axis robot.

[0079] The concrete body supply device can receive the concrete bodies, preferably a production layer of concrete bodies, from a concrete body manufacturing device. The concrete bodies can still be in the production mold or a casting mold of the production mold, or have preferably already been removed from the production mold or a casting mold of the production mold. The production of the concrete bodies in the concrete body manufacturing plant can basically be carried out in a known manner. The device according to the invention can thus be combined in a particularly advantageous manner with existing concrete body manufacturing devices in which a pourable concrete material is filled into a mold. It is advantageous if an activation device is provided which moves the flat element relative to the upper side of the concrete body during pressing onto the concrete body in order to activate the adhesive.

[0080] It has proven particularly suitable if the flat element is moved relative to the top side of the concrete body during pressing onto the concrete body. However, it is also possible in principle for the concrete body onto which the flat element is pressed to be moved during the pressing process. It is also possible for the device to be designed such that both the flat element and the concrete body are moved when the flat element is pressed onto the concrete body.

[0081] The activation device may preferably comprise a vibration device and / or an oscillation device which causes the planar element to vibrate or oscillate relative, preferably substantially plane-parallel and / or orthogonal to the upper side of the concrete body.

[0082] It is advantageous if a bottom side of a stamp of a concrete body manufacturing device intended for compacting the concrete body is designed in such a way that the stamp structures the top side of the concrete body, in particular roughens it, and / or the stamp introduces pockets and / or depressions and / or impressions and / or a chamfer in the edge region of the top side of the concrete body.

[0083] It has been shown that designing the upper side of the concrete body in such a way that it is structured, in particular roughened, results in the flat element being able to be bonded particularly well to the concrete body. Furthermore, it has been shown that it can also be advantageous if pockets and / or depressions and / or indentations and / or a chamfer are introduced into the edge region of the upper side of the concrete body. The pockets, depressions, indentations or the chamfer can in particular serve as a reservoir to hold material of the adhesive when this is displaced by the pressing on of the flat element. The pockets, depressions, indentations and / or the chamfer are preferably designed in such a way that the adhesive is not forced beyond the upper side of the concrete body.

[0084] Both the structuring and the pockets, depressions, indentations, or chamfers are preferably created using a stamp pressed onto the surface of the concrete body before the concrete body has fully cured. It is advantageous to use the stamp of a concrete body production facility, which is already available to compact the concrete body during production in the production mold.

[0085] According to the invention, it can be provided that a cleaning device is provided to clean the underside of the planar element before the adhesive is applied and / or the top side of the concrete body before the planar element is pressed on, in particular to blow off or brush off dust. It has proven particularly suitable if a cleaning device is provided which is designed such that the underside of the planar element can be cleaned before the adhesive is applied, in particular to blow off or brush off dust therefrom. For this purpose, the cleaning device can be designed as a blower or as a brushing tool, for example as a rotating brush, or can comprise a blower or a brushing tool.Alternatively or additionally, the cleaning device can also be designed such that the upper side of the concrete body can be cleaned before the flat element is pressed onto it, in particular to blow or brush off dust there. For this purpose, the cleaning device can again be designed as a blower or a brushing tool, for example, a rotating brush, or can comprise a blower or a brushing tool.

[0086] The cleaning device can in particular also be designed in two parts or have two or more cleaning modules in order to clean both the underside of the flat element and the top side of the concrete body.

[0087] According to the invention, a measuring device can further be provided in order to determine, in particular to measure, the position of the concrete body on the concrete body supply device.

[0088] It has proven advantageous if the device according to the invention comprises a measuring device which, with the aid of sensors, preferably optical sensors, determines or measures the position of the concrete body onto which the flat element is pressed. It can also be provided that the measuring device is designed to determine, in particular to measure, the position of an entire production layer of concrete bodies. For this purpose, it can be sufficient if the measuring device determines or measures the position of two defined points of the production layer, for example two diagonally opposite corners, so that, supported by a computing device, the position of the individual concrete bodies in the production layer can be determined or calculated accordingly. This is possible because, as a rule, the position of the individual concrete bodies in a production layer relative to one another is known or determined by the production mold.

[0089] According to the invention, a setting area, in particular a setting chamber, with a higher temperature can be provided, into which the composite body can be brought after the flat element has been bonded to the concrete body.

[0090] It has proven advantageous if the concrete body or the composite body is only brought into a setting area, in particular a setting chamber or a drying chamber, in which a higher temperature prevails, in particular a higher temperature than in the concrete body preparation device, after the flat element has been applied or bonded to the concrete body, so that the green-stable concrete body or the green concrete body can harden. Such setting chambers or drying chambers are generally known from the prior art. It is advantageous if the flat element is a plate, in particular a ceramic plate, a rubber plate, a vinyl plate, a checkered plate, a stainless steel plate or a metal plate, in particular with a structured upper side, and / or the flat element is a tile, a natural stone or a laminate.

[0091] It has been shown that the device according to the invention can be used to bond any type of slab, in particular ceramic slabs or tiles, to a concrete body in a particularly advantageous manner. However, the device according to the invention is also particularly suitable for bonding a flat element, such as a rubber slab, a vinyl slab, a checkered sheet, a stainless steel slab, a metal slab, particularly one with a textured surface, a natural stone, or a laminate, to a concrete body.

[0092] It has proven particularly suitable when the adhesive is a mineral adhesive.

[0093] It has been shown that a flat element can be bonded particularly advantageously to a green-stable concrete body using a mineral adhesive.

[0094] It has been shown that if the flat element is bonded to the concrete body in a green state, i.e., while the concrete body is still "wet," less adhesive is required. In this case, an adhesive thickness of 1 mm may be sufficient.

[0095] It has also been shown that prior cleaning of the concrete body and / or the flat element from dust significantly improves the bonding and, in particular, results in less adhesive being required.

[0096] It has also been shown that talc on the underside of the flat element, particularly when it is made of ceramic, is detrimental to the bonding process. It can therefore be advantageous to remove talc from the underside of the flat element before applying the adhesive, preferably by mechanical action, in particular tapping, beating or brushing. The use of a device for ageing concrete blocks, as known in particular from EP 1 893 391 B1, can be advantageous in this case. The impact bodies can act on the underside of the flat element. Instead of the paving stones to be aged, the flat elements to be freed of talc, in particular ceramic tiles, can be transported underneath the impact bodies. The device according to EP 1 893 391 B1 can be operated as described for ageing the paving stones.

[0097] It has also proven advantageous if the two surfaces to be bonded together have a rough surface. The upper side of the concrete body has already proven to be suitable for this purpose. To achieve a roughness on the underside of the flat element as well, it may be advantageous if the underside of the flat element has been treated or roughened using a method or device according to EP 1 893 391 B1 before applying the adhesive.

[0098] It is advantageous if the concrete body has lateral spacer elements formed on the side walls of the concrete body and extending at least over part of the height of the side walls from the underside of the concrete body toward the top of the concrete body. The spacer elements preferably extend in a direction orthogonal to the underside or top of the concrete body.

[0099] It may be sufficient if the spacers are designed in the form of a bead and have a width or thickness of 1 mm to 5 mm, preferably 1 mm to 2 mm.

[0100] The chamfer, which is introduced into the upper side of the concrete body at the edge of the concrete body, can preferably have a width (extension plane-parallel to the upper side) of 2 mm to 8 mm and a depth (extension orthogonal to the upper side) of 2 mm to 8 mm, particularly preferably a width of 5 mm and a depth of 5 mm.

[0101] It has been shown that the bonding between the concrete body and the flat element is particularly good when the flat element is pressed onto the top of the concrete body with a slight vibration.

[0102] The present invention also relates to a composite body comprising a concrete body and a planar element, wherein the composite body is produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 17 and / or a device according to one of claims 18 to 25.

[0103] Features described in connection with one of the subject matters of the invention, specifically the method or device according to the invention, can also be advantageously implemented for the other subject matter of the invention. Likewise, advantages mentioned in connection with one of the subject matters of the invention can also be understood to relate to the other subject matter of the invention.

[0104] It should also be noted that terms such as "comprising," "having," or "with" do not exclude other features or steps. Furthermore, terms such as "a" or "the," which refer to a singular number of steps or features, do not exclude a plurality of features or steps—and vice versa.

[0105] It should be noted that terms such as "first" or "second," etc., are used primarily to distinguish between respective device or method features and are not necessarily intended to imply that features are mutually dependent or related to one another. The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawings and an exemplary embodiment.

[0106] The figures each show preferred embodiments in which individual features of the present invention are illustrated in combination with one another. Features of one embodiment can also be implemented independently of the other features of the same embodiment.

[0107] In the figures, functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

[0108] They show:

[0109] Figure 1 is a schematic representation of part of a device according to the invention or of a method according to the invention for pressing a flat element onto a green-stable concrete body;

[0110] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of part of an apparatus and a method according to the invention for applying an adhesive to the underside of a planar element and for placing a planar element on a conveyor belt and feeding the planar element to an adhesive application device,

[0111] Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-section through a production mold with an exemplary representation of five casting molds, in each of which a concrete body is formed or is being formed, and with a representation of stamps that press down on the concrete body from above in order to compact it and, if necessary, to structure it or to provide it with a chamfer; and

[0112] Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a composite body comprising a concrete body and a planar element, wherein a bottom side of the planar element is bonded to a top side of the concrete body, and a top side of the planar element forms a top side of the composite body.

[0113] The following exemplary embodiment serves to disclose an advantageous method for producing a composite body and to disclose an advantageous device for producing a composite body. A composite body 1 produced according to the method or with the aid of the device is shown in principle in Figure 4.

[0114] The composite body 1 comprises a concrete body 2 and a flat element 3.

[0115] The concrete body 2 has a bottom side 2a and a top side 2b.

[0116] The flat element 3 has a bottom side 3a and a top side 3b. The bottom side 3a of the flat element 3 is bonded to the top side 2b of the concrete body 2.

[0117] As shown in Figure 4, the upper side 3b of the planar element 3 forms an upper side of the composite body 1.

[0118] In the exemplary embodiment, an adhesive 4 is applied to at least a partial area of ​​the underside 3a of the planar element 3. The adhesive 4 is shown (enlarged) in the schematic diagram in Figure 4. The application of the adhesive 4 to the planar element 3 is shown in Figure 2.

[0119] In the exemplary embodiment, the adhesive 4 is provided as a mineral adhesive.

[0120] In a manner not shown in detail, the exemplary embodiment provides that the adhesive 4 is applied to the underside 3a of the flat element 3 in sections, if necessary also over the entire surface, preferably leaving a peripheral edge free.

[0121] In a manner also not shown in detail, it is further provided that the adhesive 4 is applied to the underside 3a of the planar element 3 with a notched trowel structure, wherein the adhesive 4 is preferably applied in such a way that the adhesive 4 has a thickness of 3 mm to 10 mm, preferably 4 mm to 8 mm, in particular 5 mm to 7 mm, in the areas in which it has a greater thickness on the underside 3a of the planar element 3.

[0122] Furthermore, the exemplary embodiment can provide for the upper side 2b of the concrete body 2 to be structured, in particular roughened, and / or provided with grooves and / or ribs and / or a notched trowel structure before the flat element 3 is pressed on. In the exemplary embodiment, a possible structuring of the upper side 2b of the concrete body 2 is not shown in more detail. Structuring of the upper side 2b of the concrete body 2 can be achieved particularly advantageously using a stamp 7, which is described in more detail below and shown by way of example in Figure 3. The exemplary embodiment can further provide for the edge region of the upper side 2b of the concrete body 2, preferably circumferentially around the upper side 2b of the concrete body 2, to be provided with pockets and / or depressions and / or impressions and / or a chamfer 6, which are suitable for absorbing adhesive 4 displaced by the pressing on of the flat element 3.In the exemplary embodiment, Figure 4 shows an exemplary circumferential chamfer 6, which can serve as a reservoir for receiving a displaced adhesive 4.

[0123] In the exemplary embodiment, it can be provided that an underside of a stamp 7 is designed such that the stamp 7 provides the upper side 2b of the concrete body 2 with a chamfer 6 or introduces a chamfer 6 into the upper side 2b of the concrete body 2. Alternatively or additionally, the stamp 7 can also be designed such that it structures the upper side 2b of the concrete body 2, in particular roughens it and / or introduces pockets and / or depressions and / or impressions in the edge region of the upper side 2b of the concrete body 2.

[0124] The stamp 7 may preferably be a stamp 7 which is used for compacting the concrete body in a concrete body production device 8.

[0125] A stamp 7 of a concrete body manufacturing device 8 is illustrated by way of example in Figure 3. Figure 3 shows that the stamp 7 compacts the concrete body 2 or a concrete material located in a production mold 5. The number of casting molds that the production mold has can be arbitrary. The production mold 5 can also have only one casting mold. The production mold 5 is preferably rectangular, in particular square, and preferably has a plurality of casting molds both in the longitudinal direction and in the width direction, e.g. an arrangement of 2 x 2, 2 x 3, 2 x 4, 2 x 5, 3 x 3, 3 x 4, 3 x 5, 4 x 4, 4 x 5, 5 x 5 casting molds.

[0126] The basic structure of a concrete body production facility 8 is well known. Figure 3 shows only a section of the concrete body production facility 8, showing the production mold 5 with the individual casting molds and the stamps 7. The concrete body production facility 8 is also shown in Figure 1 in dashed lines and as an example.

[0127] During the production of concrete bodies or concrete blocks, fresh concrete made from cement, aggregate, and water is typically poured into the individual casting molds of the production mold. The casting molds or production mold are typically made of metal or plastic. The poured fresh concrete solidifies in the casting molds and is compacted using one of the stampers 7. The rigid but not yet hardened concrete body is then removed from the mold and fed to the concrete body supply device 17 (see Figure 1), which is described in more detail below.

[0128] In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that the position of the concrete body 2 is determined, preferably measured, before the flat element 3 is pressed on. For this purpose, the exemplary embodiment preferably provides that the position of an entire production layer 200 of concrete bodies 2 is measured, preferably by measuring two diagonally opposite corner points of the production layer 200.

[0129] Figure 1 shows several production layers 200 of concrete bodies 2 as examples. Each production layer 200 is represented by four concrete bodies 2, which are positioned in a 2 x 2 arrangement.

[0130] For measurement purposes, Figure 1 shows an exemplary measuring device 9 for determining, in particular measuring, the position of the concrete body 2 or a production layer 200. The measuring device 9 is preferably an optical measuring device. The dashed lines in Figure 1 indicate that the measuring device 9 measures two diagonally opposite corners of the production layer 200.

[0131] In the exemplary embodiment, it is preferably provided that the underside 3a of the planar element 3 is cleaned of dust before the adhesive 4 is applied. Figure 2 shows an example of a cleaning device 10, which can be designed such that it cleans the underside 3a of the planar element 3 before the adhesive 4 is applied. In the exemplary embodiment, the cleaning device 10 is designed as a blower. Alternatively, the cleaning device 10 can also be designed as a brushing tool. Alternatively or additionally, the cleaning device 10 can also be provided to clean the upper side 2b of the concrete body 2 before the planar element 3 is pressed on, in particular to blow or brush off dust there. For this purpose, the cleaning device 10 can, if necessary, have two or more, preferably independently operable, cleaning modules.

[0132] In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that the concrete body 2, after the bonding of the flat element 3, i.e., the resulting composite body 1, is fed to a setting area, preferably a setting chamber 11. A higher temperature prevails in the setting chamber 11, so that the concrete body 2 can harden or set. The setting chamber 11 also assists the hardening of the adhesive 4. A setting chamber 11 is shown by dashed lines and as an example in Figure 1.

[0133] In the exemplary embodiment, it is preferably provided that the dimensions of the underside 3a of the planar element 3 substantially correspond to the dimensions of the upper side 2b of the concrete body 2.

[0134] The planar element 3 can preferably have a size of at least 10 cm x 10 cm and preferably of at most 120 cm x 120 cm, whereby the planar element 3 does not have to be square in plan view, but can also have rectangular shapes or other polygonal shapes; round or oval shapes are also possible if necessary. The shape of the concrete body 2 and the composite body created by the bonding is designed accordingly. The extension of the underside 3a of the planar element 3 in a longitudinal direction and a width direction is preferably 1 mm to 40 mm, preferably 2 mm to 30 mm, in particular 3 mm to 20 mm, particularly preferably 4 mm to 10 mm less than an extension of the top side 2b of the concrete body 2 in the respective direction.

[0135] In the exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 shows a particularly preferred method for gluing the planar element 3 to the concrete body 2. In this case, the planar element 3 is glued to the concrete body 2 after the concrete body 2 has left the production mold 5 in which the concrete body 2 is compacted. Alternatively, in a manner not shown in more detail, it can also be provided that the planar element 3 is glued to the concrete body 2 while the concrete body 2 is still in the production mold 5, which is shown by way of example in Figure 3. The gluing of the planar element 3 to a concrete body 2 that is still in the production mold 5 takes place when the concrete body 2 is in a state in which it is green.In principle, however, it would also be possible, for special embodiments, for the flat element 3 to be pressed, in particular in a vibrating manner, onto a concrete material which is in the production mold 5, before a green-stable concrete body 2 has been created from the concrete material.

[0136] The planar element 3 shown in the exemplary embodiment is preferably a plate, in particular a ceramic plate or a tile. However, the planar element 3 can also be another plate, for example a rubber plate, a vinyl plate, a checkered plate, a stainless steel plate, or a metal plate, in particular with a structured upper surface. Alternatively, the planar element 3 can also be formed from natural stone or a laminate.

[0137] As can be seen from Figure 2, in the exemplary embodiment, an adhesive application device 12 is provided which is configured to apply an adhesive 4 to at least a partial area of ​​the underside 3a of the planar element 3. Figure 2 shows by way of example that the planar element 3 is placed on a base, preferably a conveyor belt 14, with the aid of a first multi-axis robot 13, preferably a six-axis robot. The planar element 3 is placed in such a way that the underside 3a of the planar element 3 is oriented upwards. The underside 3a of the planar element 3 can be blown off with the aid of the cleaning device 10. The conveyor belt 14 in the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 2 is configured such that it transports the placed planar elements 3 beneath the adhesive application device 12.During the transport, the adhesive 4 is applied by the adhesive application device 12, preferably with a toothed spatula structure, preferably as described above.

[0138] After the adhesive 4 has been applied to the underside 3a of the flat element 3, the flat element 3 is picked up from the conveyor belt 14 by means of a lifting and turning device 15 and turned such that the underside 3a of the flat element 3 is oriented upward. A lifting and turning device 15 is shown as an example in Figure 1.

[0139] In a manner not further specified, the lifting and turning device 15 can be provided with a gripping unit or gripping hand for picking up the flat element 3. Furthermore, a lifting device can be provided to lift the flat element 3, and a rotating unit can be provided to rotate the gripping unit by 180°, so that the underside 3a of the flat element 3, which was originally oriented upwards on the conveyor belt 14, is oriented downwards. It should be noted that the adhesive 4 can also be applied using a differently designed adhesive application device 12, for example, by spraying or spreading, in particular in any desired orientation of the flat element 3.

[0140] In the exemplary embodiment, another transport device can also be provided instead of a conveyor belt 14. Furthermore, the lifting and turning device 15 can also be replaced by another device, for example, a multi-axis robot.

[0141] In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 1, a feed device 16 picks up the flat element 3 provided with the adhesive 4 after the adhesive 4 has been applied to the underside 3a of the flat element 3. In the exemplary embodiment, this occurs after the lifting and turning device 15 has lifted and rotated the flat element 3. Alternatively, however, picking up can also take place directly after the adhesive application device 12 or directly from the conveyor belt 14 or another transport device.

[0142] In the exemplary embodiment, the feed device 16 is designed as a second multi-axis robot. It should be noted that the use of the term "second multi-axis robot" does not imply that a first multi-axis robot must be provided. In the exemplary embodiment, the second multi-axis robot is preferably designed as a six-axis robot.

[0143] The feed device 16 brings the flat element 3 to the concrete body 2 and presses the underside 3a of the flat element 3 onto the top side 2b of the concrete body 2. The concrete body 2 is located, as shown in Figure 1, on a concrete body supply device 17. In the exemplary embodiment, the concrete body supply device 17 is designed as a transport device, for example as a conveyor belt or conveyor table. The concrete bodies 2 are transported on the concrete body supply device 17 from a concrete body production device 8 in the direction of the setting chamber 11 (see direction of the arrow in Figure 1). The concrete body production device 8 and the setting chamber 11 are shown only as examples and by dashed lines and can, in particular, be positioned spatially significantly apart from one another.

[0144] The concrete body supply device 17 contains concrete bodies 2 that are in a green state, i.e., dimensionally stable but not yet hardened. The feed device 16 is positioned relative to the concrete body supply device 17 such that the flat element 3 can be picked up by the lifting and turning device 15 in one operation, or optionally immediately after the application of the adhesive 4, and pressed onto the green state-stable concrete body 2 by means of the feed device 16.

[0145] In the exemplary embodiment, an activation device 18 is provided, which moves the flat element 3 relative to the upper side of the concrete body 2 during its pressing onto the concrete body 2, preferably vibrating and / or oscillating, in order to activate the adhesive 4. In the exemplary embodiment, the activation device 18 is preferably designed as part of the feed device 16, for example, as the head of the multi-axis robot. The movement of the flat element 3 during its pressing onto the concrete body 2 can also be generated directly by the mobility inherent in a multi-axis robot.

[0146] The activation device 18 can preferably be designed as a vibration and / or oscillation unit.

[0147] After the adhesive 4 has been applied to the underside 3a of the flat element 3, the flat element 3 is brought to the concrete body 2 and pressed onto the top side 2b of the concrete body 2.

[0148] The pressing of the planar element 3 onto the concrete body 2 is shown in principle in Figure 1. The concrete body 2 is in a green state when the planar element 3 is pressed onto it, ie the pressing of the planar element 3 onto the concrete body 2 takes place in a green state of the concrete body 2, in which the concrete body 2 is dimensionally stable but not yet set.

[0149] In the exemplary embodiment, it is shown that the concrete body 2 has already left the production mold 5 shown in principle in Figure 3. However, it is also possible in principle for the flat element 3 to be pressed onto the concrete body 2 while it is still in the production mold 5—in a green state.

[0150] In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that the flat element 3 is moved plane-parallel and / or orthogonally (vertically) relative to the upper side 2b of the concrete body 2 during the pressing onto the concrete body 2. This is preferably achieved by vibrating and / or oscillating the flat element 3 relative to the upper side 2b of the concrete body 2 during the pressing.

Claims

Patent claims Method for producing a composite body (1) which has a concrete body (2) and a planar element (3), according to which an underside (3a) of the planar element (3) is glued to an upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2), and wherein an upper side (3b) of the planar element (3) forms an upper side of the composite body (1), characterized in that an adhesive (4) is applied to at least a partial area of ​​the underside (3a) of the planar element (3) and the planar element (3) is then brought to the concrete body (2) and pressed onto the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2), wherein the pressing of the planar element (3) onto the concrete body (2) is carried out in a green state of the concrete body (2), in which the concrete body (2) is dimensionally stable but not yet set.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat element (3) is moved plane-parallel and / or orthogonally relative to the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2) during the pressing onto the concrete body (2). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flat element (3) is moved in a vibrating and / or oscillating manner relative to the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2) during the pressing. Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the adhesive (4) is applied sectionally to the underside (3a) of the flat element (3), preferably leaving a peripheral edge of the underside (3a) of the flat element (3) free.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the adhesive (4) is applied to the underside (3a) of the planar element (3) with a notched trowel structure, wherein the adhesive (4) is preferably applied in such a way that the adhesive (4) has a thickness of 3 mm to 10 mm, preferably 4 mm to 8 mm, in particular 5 mm to 7 mm, in the areas in which it has a greater thickness on the underside (3a) of the planar element (3). Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that. the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2) is structured, in particular roughened, and / or provided with grooves and / or ribs and / or a toothed spatula structure before the flat element (3) is pressed on.

7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2) is structured by a stamp (7) pressed onto the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2) during the manufacture of the concrete body (2), preferably a stamp which is used for compacting the concrete body (2).

8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the edge region of the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2), preferably circumferentially around the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2), is provided with pockets and / or depressions and / or impressions and / or a chamfer (6) which are suitable for receiving adhesive (4) displaced by the pressing on of the flat element (3).

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the pockets and / or the depressions and / or the impressions and / or the chamfer (6) are or will be introduced by a stamp (7) which is pressed onto the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2) during the manufacture of the concrete body (2), preferably a stamp which is used for compacting the concrete body (2).

10. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the position of the concrete body (2) is determined, preferably measured, before the flat element (3) is pressed on.

11. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the position of an entire production layer (200) of concrete bodies (2) is measured, preferably by measuring two diagonally opposite corner points of the production layer (200).

12. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the underside (3a) of the flat element (3) is cleaned of dust, in particular blown off and / or brushed off, before the adhesive (4) is applied.

13. Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the concrete body (2) after the bonding of the flat element (3) is fed to a setting area, preferably a setting chamber (11), with a higher temperature, in which the concrete body (2) sets.

14. Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the dimensions of the underside (3a) of the flat element (3) substantially correspond to the dimensions of the top side (2b) of the concrete body (2), wherein preferably the extension of the underside (3a) of the flat element (3) in a longitudinal direction and a width direction is in each case 1 mm to 40 mm, preferably 2 mm to 30 mm, in particular 3 mm to 20 mm, less than an extension of the top side (2b) of the concrete body (2) in the respective direction.

15. Method according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the flat element (3) is glued onto the concrete body (2) while the concrete body (2) is still in a production mold (5) in which the concrete body (2) is compacted, or the flat element (3) is glued onto the concrete body (2) after the concrete body (2) has left a production mold (5) in which the concrete body (2) is compacted.

16. Method according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the flat element (3) is designed as a plate, in particular as a ceramic plate, rubber plate, vinyl plate, checkered plate, stainless steel plate or metal plate, in particular with a structured upper side, and / or as a tile, as natural stone or as a laminate.

17. Method according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that a mineral adhesive is used as the adhesive (4).

18. Device for producing a composite body (1) comprising a concrete body (2) and a planar element (3), wherein a bottom side (3a) of the planar element (3) is glued to a top side (2b) of the concrete body (2) and a top side (3b) of the planar element (3) forms a top side of the composite body (1), characterized by an adhesive application device (12) which applies an adhesive (4) to at least a partial area of ​​the bottom side (3a) of the planar element (3), and a feed device (16) which brings the planar element (3) provided with the adhesive (4) to the concrete body (2) and presses the bottom side (3a) of the planar element (3) onto the top side (2b) of the concrete body (2), and wherein a concrete body supply device (17) is provided, in which the concrete body (2) is in a green state, in which the concrete body (2) is dimensionally stable but not yet hardened, and wherein the feed device (16) is positioned relative to the concrete body supply device (17) such that the planar element (3) can be pressed onto the green-state-stable concrete body (2). Device according to claim 18, characterized in that an activation device (18) is provided, which moves the planar element (3) relative to the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2) during the pressing onto the concrete body (2) in order to activate the adhesive (4).Device according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that an underside of a stamp (7) of a concrete body production device (8) provided for compacting the concrete body (2) is designed such that the stamp (7) structures, in particular roughens, the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2), and / or the stamp (7) introduces pockets and / or depressions and / or impressions and / or a chamfer (6) in the edge region of the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2). Device according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that a cleaning device (10) is provided to clean the underside (3a) of the flat element (3) before the adhesive (4) is applied and / or the upper side (2b) of the concrete body (2) before the flat element (3) is pressed on, in particular to blow off or brush off dust.Device according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that a measuring device (9) is provided to determine, in particular to measure, the position of the concrete body (2) on the concrete body provision device (17). Device according to one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that a setting area, in particular a setting chamber (11), with a higher temperature is provided, into which the composite body (1) can be brought after the flat element (3) has been bonded to the concrete body (2). Device according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that. the planar element (3) is a plate, in particular a ceramic plate, a rubber plate, a vinyl plate, a checkered plate, a stainless steel plate or a metal plate, in particular with a structured upper side, and / or the planar element (3) is a tile, a natural stone or a laminate.

25. Device according to one of claims 18 to 24, characterized in that the adhesive (4) is a mineral adhesive.

26. Composite body (1) comprising a concrete body (2) and a flat element (3), wherein the Composite body (1) is produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 17 and / or with a device according to one of claims 18 to 25.

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