Clean water production system

Abstract

The invention relates to a clean water production system (1) having a water evaporation device (10) which can be arranged to float on a water surface (11), in particular the sea water surface, and which has a concentrator system (3) for densifying and directing sun rays (8) onto a water surface region (11) within the floating frame arrangement (2) and has a water supply device (12) which is arranged between the water surface (11) and the water surface region (11') exposed to the concentrated sun rays and is designed for metered supply of water from the water surface (11) into the irradiated water surface region (11') so that water is evaporated in the irradiated water surface region (11') by the thermal energy of the concentrated sun rays (8'), wherein the clean water production system (1) further has a drainage device by means of which the evaporated water can be supplied to a clean water collection point, in particular via a condensation device (7), and has at least one mechanically and functionally integrated hydrogen production device (40) and / or a photovoltaic device (7). The clean water production system (1) consists of a plurality of modules (14) which are held together by means of a floating frame arrangement (2), wherein at least one module is designed as an A type, which comprises a water evaporation device (10), and at least one further module is designed as a B type, which comprises a photovoltaic device (7), or is designed as a C type, which comprises a hydrogen production device (40), or a plurality of further modules are present, at least one of which is designed as a B type module and at least one of which is designed as a C type module.

Description

[0001]

[0002] Pure water extraction plant

[0003] The invention relates to a pure water production plant with a water evaporation device that can be arranged floating on a water surface, in particular a seawater surface, which has a concentrator system for condensing and directing solar rays onto a water surface area within the floating frame arrangement and a water supply device arranged between the water surface and the water surface area exposed to the concentrated solar rays, which is designed for the metered supply of water from the water surface into the irradiated water surface area, so that water is evaporated in the irradiated water surface area by the thermal energy of the concentrated solar rays, wherein the pure water production plant further comprises a discharge device by means of which the evaporated water can be fed to a pure water collection point, in particular via a condensation device,and at least one mechanically and functionally integrated hydrogen production device and / or a photovoltaic device. A pure water production system in combination with a system for generating electrical energy from solar energy and an electrolysis device for producing hydrogen is described in US 2005 / 0 109 604 A1. Such a system is relatively complex in its construction and operation.

[0004] DE 203 12 656 U1 describes a pure water production system with a solar desalination plant. A saltwater supply device comprises a floating body with dark, preferably black, absorbent material, from which the absorbed water can evaporate and is then collected via an annular channel.

[0005] DE 20 2017 002 541 U1 also shows a pure water production plant with a desalination device. This device has a transparent cover in a hemispherical or cylindrical shape and an evaporation or collection tray as a freshwater reservoir, which is mounted on buoyant material.

[0006] DE 27 30 839 A1 describes a device for the economical concentration and collection of solar energy with a movable lens arrangement. It also mentions a device for generating condensate and a photovoltaic array.

[0007] DE 10 2008 045 610 A1 describes a system for extracting pure water from natural or industrial water using heat, which intensifies condensate formation and the conversion of this condensate into water. In this process, inlet water enters the interior of a floating structure, where it is evaporated.

[0008] WO 2019 / 223838 A1 presents a device for producing fresh water from seawater, wherein an evaporation tank with an inlet and outlet is provided. Another pure water production system is specified in CN 102923801 A. In this known pure water production system, water is evaporated for desalination using solar heat over a surface of seawater, which is held in a water tank enclosed by a frame, and fed to a condensation device. In order to provide increased heat energy on the water surface for evaporation, the supplied solar radiation is concentrated onto the water in the tank by a concentrator system having a biconvex mirror arrangement. Pure water for further use is obtained from the evaporated water vapor using the condensation device.

[0009] The present invention is based on the object of providing a pure water production plant according to the preamble of claim 1, which offers easily adaptable application possibilities with efficient use of solar energy.

[0010] This object is achieved in a pure water production plant with the features of claim 1. According to the invention, the pure water production plant is composed of several modules which are held together by means of a floating frame arrangement, wherein at least one module is designed as an A-type which comprises a water evaporation device, and at least one further module is designed as a B-type which comprises a photovoltaic device, or as a C-type which comprises a hydrogen production device, or that several further modules are present, of which at least one is designed as a B-type module and at least one as a C-type module.

[0011] The modular design with its various modules and matching frames allows systems for pure water extraction, particularly from seawater, and for the use of pure water in conjunction with electrical energy generation and / or hydrogen production (if necessary in conjunction with another electrical energy source, such as wind power) to be advantageously tailored to the local and climatic conditions of the site. CO2 emissions are avoided.For example, the water supply device arranged between the water surface and the irradiated water surface area forms a barrier between the large water volume containing the water surface and the relatively small volume containing the irradiated water surface area, via which a metered water supply into the small volume is achieved, whereby the heating of the water and the associated evaporation are accelerated compared to direct irradiation of the water surface. The water supply device is advantageously designed such that the amount of water supplied to the small volume corresponds at least approximately to the amount of water evaporated or evaporable in the water surface area. The small volume is also advantageously adjusted so that the radiated thermal energy effectively heats the water in the small volume to achieve the highest possible amount of evaporation (e.g.by at least 10 Kelvin above the temperature of the underlying water surface, for example, to 60 °C to 70 °C at maximum solar radiation). Water not required for hydrogen production can be used for drinking water supply or irrigation purposes. The concentrator system serves to heat the water volume in the area of ​​the water surface and can, for example, also be formed by a pipe system itself that carries the (at least partially) evaporated water.

[0012] The water supply device also advantageously has a heat-insulating structure. The metered water supply or replenishment can be passively self-regulated (e.g., via a float valve arrangement or capillary action) or actively controlled or regulated, whereby an actuator device, e.g., in a valve arrangement, is controlled.The modular arrangement offers advantageous design and usage options in that the floating frame arrangement is at least partially tubular for conducting evaporated water to the clean water collection point, whereby several pipes arranged vertically one above the other can also be present at least partially, and in that the floating frame arrangement has a sub-frame per module and / or further in that the floating frame arrangement is at least partially formed from translucent plastic material, for example, acrylic glass resistant to seawater and the effects of UV radiation, and / or is provided with light-concentrating elements such as converging lenses or a mirror structure or mirror coating. The frame is used simultaneously for the evaporation system and water absorption system or conduit system in addition to its support and coupling function.To absorb thermal radiation, the translucent tubes can be coated black, e.g., with a film or paint, on their lower side facing away from the sun, preferably on the inside, and / or be lined with heat-insulating material on their side facing away from the sun.

[0013] A further advantageous embodiment of the pure water extraction system consists in that the floating frame arrangement has at least one hollow tube, particularly in its geodetically upper region, provided with through-openings through which the water vapor of the evaporated water can be extracted to obtain the pure water. Via the pipe system itself or the sieve-like or grid-like through-openings in the upper region of the particularly inherently stable hollow tube(s), the air enriched with the evaporated water vapor can advantageously be extracted via the tube and fed to the condensation device. The extraction device consists in particular of a vacuum suction pump, which is operated, for example, by electrical energy generated from solar energy (photovoltaics) and / or wind energy (wind generator).Further advantageous design variants of the pure water production system include the concentrator system having at least one converging lens arrangement and / or at least one converging mirror arrangement for condensing the sun's rays by focusing them. To maximize thermal energy generation, the concentrator system can be designed or installed to track the position of the sun, which is dependent on the time of day or, if applicable, the season. The converging lens arrangement can advantageously be designed as a stepped lens arrangement or a Fresnel lens arrangement, so that as little material as possible is required for its construction.

[0014] An advantageous embodiment for further use is that the pure water production plant comprises the hydrogen production device for producing hydrogen from the evaporated water or the pure water obtained by electrolysis.

[0015] For the operation and use of the pure water production plant, it is further advantageously provided that it has a photovoltaic device for providing electrical energy, in particular for operating a suction unit of the suction device and / or the hydrogen production device. Electrical energy can additionally or alternatively also be generated by means of a wind turbine (which is of correspondingly lightweight construction) arranged in particular on a support device on the floating frame, which can supply electrical energy even in the event of little or no solar radiation. The electrical energy can advantageously be stored in a storage system that is also provided, unless required for operation. For additional electrical energy generation, generators are also conceivable, which generate electrical energy from the wave movement of the surrounding water. For example,To operate a low-power suction device, small amounts of energy are required. An advantageous embodiment is that the water supply device has a valve arrangement that prevents water from flowing back from the irradiated water surface area to the water surface.

[0016] A further advantageous embodiment consists in that a water absorption layer is provided or wick-like elements are provided for transporting water from the water surface by capillary action upwards into the irradiated water surface area and that the concentrator system is arranged relative to the geodetically upper side of the water absorption layer during use in such a way that water absorbed is evaporated or vaporized by the thermal energy of the supplied or condensed solar rays.

[0017] By means of the pure water extraction system constructed in this way with the water absorption layer, the evaporation of the water can be increased by means of the heat energy obtained from the condensed solar radiation provided in the area of ​​the surface of the water absorption layer, compared to direct radiation onto the water surface, since cooling effects due to the water volume underneath are significantly reduced. At the same time, a certain degree of self-regulation of the water supply results, since the amount of water supplied by capillary action also depends on the time of day-dependent heat supply and the resulting amount of evaporation. The water absorption layer can be tailored to the expected (e.g., an average) degree of evaporation in order to achieve the most efficient pure water extraction. In particular, the thickness of the water absorption layer (e.g.,between 1 cm and 1 dm or several dm), the choice of material and / or the capillary arrangement, formation, size and density can be optimized to achieve optimal water transport to the surface. For example, sponge-like or flow-like material or knitted fabric made of artificial and / or natural substances (particularly fibers) can be used to create the relevant cavities, pores or channels for the capillary effect, and the mat-like absorption layer can be rigid or more or less flexible. The water can thus be metered into the surface area of ​​the water absorption layer. This simultaneously creates a calm evaporation zone. Salt and dirt-repellent material can be selected, an easy-to-clean or self-cleaning coating can be formed on the underside of the water absorption layer, or a water-permeable (e.g. perforated) coating can be applied in an interchangeable manner.

[0018] Various advantageous embodiments for the application further consist in that the water absorption layer is designed as a mat-like layer which lies on the water surface during use or which is partially immersed in it over its thickness, has cavities acting as capillaries, which is self-floating and / or supported on the water surface by being connected to the floating frame arrangement.

[0019] For continuous operation of the hydrogen production device in different weather conditions, it is also advantageous that fresh water can be additionally supplied to the water surface area via a supply system.

[0020] For efficient utilization of available solar radiation, it is advantageous to have a tracking device by means of which the concentrator system can track the position of the sun to generate the highest possible radiation density on the irradiated water surface area. The tracking device is designed at least to track the time-of-day dependent position of the sun, but can also be designed to track the season-dependent position of the sun for more precise alignment and even more effective use of the radiation output. A control device is advantageously provided for tracking. With this, the time-of-day dependent tracking can be carried out azimuthally and the season-dependent tracking can be carried out according to the elevation or elevation angle.A further advantageous embodiment for operation is that solar modules of the photovoltaic device, which are exposed to solar radiation alone or in addition, can be tracked to the position of the sun by means of the tracking device.

[0021] An advantageous design for both construction and function is that the tracking device has a circularly curved hydraulic cylinder as a drive system, at least for the time-of-day-dependent sun tracking. Such a circular hydraulic cylinder or rotary piston machine is shown, for example, in DE 102007 001 021 B4. It can be made of corrosion-resistant material and / or durable plastic.

[0022] An advantageous design of the pure water production plant with regard to solar radiation conditions (such as sunshine duration throughout the year, geographical location) and local or spatial conditions, as well as, where appropriate, with regard to performance or power requirements, is achieved by having modules that are at least partially similar or dissimilar in terms of geometry and / or function.

[0023] An advantageous adaptation option for this is a modular system for constructing a pure water production plant, wherein several composable modules of an A type are present for constructing the water evaporation device and / or several composable modules of a B type are present for constructing a photovoltaic device, wherein it can advantageously also be provided that several modules of a C type are present for constructing a hydrogen production device, and wherein at least two modules of different types are present.

[0024] The invention will be explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a pure water production plant with a water evaporation device,

[0025] Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a pure water production plant composed of several modules,

[0026] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a tracking device for the pure water production plant with connected components in a schematic view,

[0027] Fig. 4 a schematically illustrated module, for example of an A-type (function of a water evaporation device),

[0028] Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of a corner area of ​​a module, for example of an A-type.

[0029] A pure water production system 1 according to the invention, shown as an example in Fig. 1, has a floating frame assembly 2, which is also used as a support frame for a concentrator system 3 for incident solar rays 8, which is held thereon by means of a support system. The floating frame assembly 2 is designed to float on the water surface 11, for example, a seawater surface. A water supply device 12 is arranged in the area of ​​the water surface 11 surrounded by the floating frame assembly 2.

[0030] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the water supply device 12 is designed as a water absorption layer 4, which is designed to float on or partially over its thickness into the water surface and / or is held on the floating frame 2 by means of suitable fastening means. The (geodetically) upper side of the water supply device 12, for example the water absorption layer 4, is spaced from the rear side of the concentrator system 3, the incident side of the concentrator system 3 facing the sun, in such a way that the solar rays 8 condensed or bundled by the concentrator system 3 are directed as evenly as possible onto the area of ​​the upper side of the water supply device 12 or the water absorption layer 4. The concentrator system 3 and the water supply device 12 as well as the water absorption layer 4 form essential components of a water evaporation device 10, wherein the water supply device 12 orWater absorption layer 4 acts as a transport system for the water from the water surface 11 (in particular, a sea surface or lake) into the surface region of the water absorption layer 4 by means of capillary action. Alternatively to the water absorption layer 4 shown, the water supply device 12 can be designed as an arrangement with a valve device 120, via which water is supplied from the water surface 11 in a metered manner in accordance with the radiation power supplied to the irradiated water surface region or the radiation energy supplied over time, for the most effective evaporation possible.

[0031] The concentrator system 3, which has elements condensing or concentrating the incoming solar rays 8, such as a converging lens arrangement (e.g. in the form of Fresnel lenses) and / or a converging mirror arrangement, is spaced and positioned with respect to the upper side of the water supply device 12 or water absorption layer 4 in such a way that its surface lies close to or in the focal point of the concentrating lens or mirror elements, so that in the area of ​​the surface, i.e. also somewhat below it (in the thickness direction, for example by half, a third or a quarter of the thickness below the surface), a significant heating of the water transported to the surface is achieved for the most effective evaporation possible, and in any case a much stronger evaporation than without a concentrator system. The number of lenses orMirror elements are advantageous for achieving the most effective evaporation of the transported water in coordination with the transport properties and also the thermal conductivity properties of the water supply device 12 or the water absorption layer 4. The impact points of the main rays (not necessarily the focal points) of the bundled beams are advantageously distributed largely evenly on the surface of the irradiated water surface area or the water absorption layer 4, so that the most spatially homogeneous heat distribution possible is achieved in the area of ​​the surface of the irradiated water surface area or the water absorption layer 4. The uniformity of the heat distribution depends, among other things (in addition to the distance and concentration of the condensed beams), also on the thermal conductivity of the water absorption layer 4, such as, for example,appropriate plastic material, thermally conductive, porous ceramic material, possibly also metallic material (e.g. when using a wire mesh at least in the area of ​​the surface of the water supply device 12 such as the water absorption layer 4) or also natural fiber material or a material combination of such materials, whereby a suitable metered supply is produced, for example by capillary action.

[0032] The water evaporated or vaporized on the surface of the water supply device 12, such as the water suction layer 4, rises, particularly in the area below the concentrator system 3, and is sucked out of this space by a suction device having a suction unit 6. For this purpose, the floating frame 2 is advantageously equipped, for example, at least partially with buoyant, in particular inherently stable, hollow tubes 20 through which the water vapor 9 of the evaporated water is sucked out. Additionally or alternatively, as shown in Fig. 3, a dome-shaped collecting screen may be provided for collecting the water vapor, to which a suction unit 6 is connected.

[0033] To obtain pure water, the water vapor is passed through a condensation device 7, and the resulting condensate is collected as pure water. The hollow tubes 20 are provided in their (geodetically) upper region with, for example, sieve-like or grid-like openings through which the air enriched with water vapor 9 is extracted, as indicated by the broad arrows in Fig. 1. Condensate already formed in the hollow tubes 20 (due to the cooling effect of the surrounding water volume) can also be collected and used to obtain pure water. The floating frame arrangement with the transparent hollow tubes forms at least part of the concentrator system for collecting the sun's rays or the heat energy supplied by them.

[0034] In order to achieve the greatest possible energy yield from solar radiation, the pure water production plant 1 advantageously has a tracking device 13, which is constructed, for example, as shown in Fig. 3. The tracking device 13 serves in particular to track the concentrator system 3 according to the position of the sun over the course of the day. In addition, tracking adapted to the height of the sun over the course of the year can also be provided. For the time of day-dependent tracking, for example, a (geodetically) horizontally arranged first hydraulic cylinder 130 in a circular design is provided, while for the season-dependent course of the sun's position, a second circular hydraulic cylinder 131 is provided for tracking, arranged in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the first hydraulic cylinder 130. This allows tracking in the azimuthal direction and, if necessary, in the elevation direction.Such circular hydraulic cylinders are shown in the aforementioned DE 10 2007 001 021 B4. In this case, they are made of a material suitable for use in water, for example, salt water, which is corrosion-resistant, such as durable plastic, or are provided with a moisture-proof enclosure. The tracking device 13, with the drive system designed in this way, has a control device, in particular a regulating device, for precise tracking according to the position of the sun.

[0035] To provide electrical energy, for example, to operate the suction unit 6, a photovoltaic device 5 is advantageously provided, which is, for example, attached to the floating frame arrangement 2 by means of a supporting structure or to which a dedicated module 14 is assigned, for example with its own partial floating frame arrangement. Alternatively or additionally, a wind power plant or wind turbine (small-scale design) can be installed, particularly on the floating frame arrangement 2, to generate electrical energy. The pure water production system 1 can also comprise suitable storage components for storing electrical energy.

[0036] Advantageously, the pure water production plant 1 is provided with a hydrogen production device 40 which generates hydrogen from the obtained pure water on the basis of electrolysis, wherein the electrical energy is also provided by the photovoltaic device 5 or the additional electrical energy sources.

[0037] For pure water production or hydrogen production on a larger scale, the pure water production plant 1 can be designed with a correspondingly large area or can be cascaded from a plurality of smaller (e.g. rectangular or square) pure water production plants 1, which are composed, for example, of individual modules 14, as shown schematically in Fig. 2.

[0038] The pure water production system 1 can be composed of several similar and / or dissimilar modules 14, which can be provided, for example, as components of a modular system. Similar modules 14 correspond in their structural and geometric design and have the same function, whereas dissimilar modules 14 differ in their structural design, geometry, and / or function. Modules 14 of an A-type, for example, correspond in their function to the water evaporation device 10 and are provided with an adapter device so that they can be assembled from several modules of this type to form an enlarged, more efficient water evaporation device 10 compared to their individual application.B-type modules 14 function as a photovoltaic device 7 and have adapter devices for combining them into a larger, more powerful photovoltaic device 7 from multiple modules of this type. C-type modules 14 function as a hydrogen production device 40 and have adapter devices for combining them into a larger, more powerful hydrogen production device 40 from multiple modules of this type. It is also possible to assemble a more or less large and differently geometrically shaped pure water production system 1 from at least two modules 14 of different types, so that the user can assemble a pure water production system 1 that is advantageous for them depending on their needs and local conditions.

[0039] As Fig. 2 shows, the modules 14 can, for example, be rectangular in shape, of equal length and width, and assembled in a row along their long sides via the adapter device and surrounded by a common floating frame arrangement 2. An advantageous embodiment also consists in that each module 14 is provided with its own floating frame arrangement 2 and the floating frames are provided with adapter devices so that the modules 14 can be connected to one another via their floating frames. The adapter devices have mechanical connecting elements for rapid coupling to one another and can also be designed such that they comprise a functional coupling, e.g., for energy transmission. Thus, for example, a water evaporation device 10 with at least one A-type module 14 in combination with at least one B-type module 14 can advantageously be supplied with power as a photovoltaic device 7.Depending on the intensity of the solar radiation, e.g., depending on the geometric width, a pure water production plant 1 with a more or less large water evaporation device 10 or a more or less large photovoltaic device 7 can be used. In a bay or adjacent to an industrial facility, a pure water production plant can also be assembled that is adapted to the course of a coastline, extending more or less in length or width and can also be assembled in a suitable form. For this purpose, modules 14 of different geometric shapes and / or sizes, such as triangular, rectangular, square, hexagonal, or other shapes, are advantageously provided, which can be assembled, for example, like a mosaic or puzzle.

[0040] To calm wave movements, an arrangement of aprons can be provided around the clean water production plant 1.

[0041] To remove or reduce salt or dirt deposits, the pure water production plant 1, in particular the water supply device 12, such as the water suction layer 4, is provided with easily cleanable materials, in particular on the surface facing the salt water, or with a replaceable coating that is water-permeable at required locations.

[0042] Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a module 14 with a square outer geometry, for example an A-type module with the function of a water evaporation device. In order to obtain as much solar energy as possible throughout the day for heating the exposed water surface area or the relevant water volume, one side of the module is directed essentially to the east 0, so that the adjoining sides in a clockwise direction are directed accordingly to the south S, west W and north N. On the east side, transparent hollow tubes 20 or, if appropriate, tube sections movably coupled to one another via intermediate parts run parallel to the relevant module side orin the direction of the relevant side of the floating frame arrangement 2 and thus at right angles to the east direction, so that heat radiation is absorbed over a large area by the hollow tubes 20, which are advantageously made of acrylic glass and which, in this design, form part of the solar radiation concentrator system. The aim here is to capture and couple the heat energy supplied by the sun as effectively as possible in order to evaporate or vaporize the heated seawater volume beneath the relevant water surface area as effectively as possible. For example, the diameter of the hollow tubes 20 is in the range between approximately 10 cm and 80 cm with a wall thickness of the highly transparent wall, in particular made of acrylic glass, of approximately 1 mm or several millimeters, which results in a light transmittance of between 80% and 95% of the incident solar radiation, and in the interior of the hollow tube 20, for example.Temperatures between 50°C and 80°C, for example between 60°C and 70°C, can be achieved for a relatively high degree of evaporation. On the side facing away from the direction of radiation, the hollow tubes 20 can be provided with a black inner coating 200 and / or have a heat insulation layer made of heat-insulating material in order to keep the heat as well as possible inside the hollow tube 20. Evaporated water can then be removed through the interior of the hollow tube by means of the suction device and, in particular condensed, collected in the collection device as pure water. If a tube system is provided with several tube sections, the connecting areas in the form of the intermediate parts are suitably provided with flow-through passages for the air laden with water vapor to flow through. The heat insulation layer, which is preferably arranged inside the hollow tubes 20 and, for example,can have a thickness of about 0.5 cm up to 10 cm, leads to a reduction in the internal air volume of the hollow tubes, whereby the internal air volume can heat up accordingly quickly.

[0043] As Fig. 4 further shows, in the relevant edge area of ​​the module 14, for example, several hollow tubes 20, 20', 20" running horizontally along the relevant module side are arranged vertically or slightly diagonally one on top of the other in order to absorb as much solar radiation as possible into their interior and to evaporate any water present there using the heat generated. Seawater can be introduced into the lower hollow tube 20 of the tube system via a water supply device 12 of the structure described above. Water to be evaporated can be introduced into the hollow tubes 20', 20" arranged above, for example via low-power pumps or passively, e.g. via capillary action, such as wick elements, for example in coordination with the degree of evaporation under the relevant active control or self-regulating.The air laden with water vapor can then be discharged by means of the discharge device as described above and, in particular after condensation, collected.

[0044] As can be seen from Fig. 4, the tube system allows advantageous use to be made of solar radiation coming in from the east after sunrise. Accordingly, the tube system can be set up on the west side W in order to use solar radiation coming in from the west before sunset. Solar radiation coming in from the south in the meantime is used via a tube arrangement with horizontal tubes running perpendicular to the south direction of incidence S, which in this case is arranged at right angles to the south direction S. In order to make the most of the solar radiation coming in from the south, which makes the significant contribution, the transverse orThe arrangement of the hollow tubes 20 arranged at right angles to the south direction S is advantageously distributed completely or largely completely over the entire module surface of the relevant module 14 enclosed by the floating frame arrangement 2, wherein the hollow tubes 20 are designed to be translucent in the manner described above, in particular made of acrylic glass, advantageously coated black on the inside and optionally thermally insulated, and are supplied with water to be evaporated via a water supply device constructed in the manner described above.

[0045] In order to also utilize the floating frame arrangement 2 of the other B-type or C-type modules for pure water production using solar radiation heating, the floating frame arrangements 2 of these modules can also be equipped with a tube system, as used on the east and west sides of the A-type modules (e.g., also on the south side). Thus, the floating frame arrangement 2 of the B and C module types can also contribute to the pure water production of the pure water production systems in addition to its supporting function. The tube system of a floating frame arrangement supporting the entire system can be designed accordingly.

[0046] Fig. 5 shows, by way of example, a corner region of a module 14, for example of the A-type, with hollow tubes 20 formed from several tube sections of a length L via movable connecting regions. Water to be evaporated is supplied to the interior of the hollow tubes, for example via a valve device 120 or, for example, by capillary action. In order to be able to walk on the modules, for example for inspection or maintenance purposes, in this exemplary embodiment a walkway 21 is arranged at least in sections around the outside of the floating frame arrangement 2. The walkway 21 can also be at least partially transparent (e.g., using acrylic glass) and provided with cavities in order to heat the water to be evaporated or seawater contained therein using solar energy and to use it after evaporation for pure water production. A cross-section of a pipe section with the diameter D and a valve for admitting water to be evaporated is shown schematically. Fig.Figure 5 also shows, by way of example, an anchor 15, which can be used, e.g., in all four corner areas, to anchor the respective modules 14 or the clean water production system to several modules 14. Similarly, modules 14 of other geometric shapes can also be anchored at a suitable location, e.g., in a bay.

Claims

Claims 1. A pure water production plant (1) comprising a water evaporation device (10) which can be arranged floatingly on a water surface (11), in particular a seawater surface, and which comprises a concentrator system (3) for condensing and directing solar rays (8) onto a water surface region (11) within the floating frame arrangement (2), and a water supply device (12) arranged between the water surface (11) and the water surface region (11') exposed to the concentrated solar rays, which is designed for the metered supply of water from the water surface (11) into the irradiated water surface region (1T), so that water is evaporated in the irradiated water surface region (1T) by the thermal energy of the concentrated solar rays (8'), wherein the pure water production plant (1) further comprises a discharge device by means of which the evaporated water can be fed to a pure water collection point, in particular via a condensation device (7),and at least one mechanically and functionally integrated hydrogen production device (40) and / or a photovoltaic device (7), characterized in that the pure water production plant (1) is composed of several modules (14) which are held together by means of a floating frame arrangement (2), wherein at least one module is designed as an A-type module comprising a water evaporation device (10), and at least one further module is designed as a B-type module comprising a photovoltaic device (7), or as a C-type module comprising a hydrogen production device (40), or that several further modules are present, of which at least one is designed as a B-type module and at least one as a C-type module. Pure water extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the floating frame arrangement (2) is at least partially tubular for conducting evaporated water to the pure water collection point, wherein a plurality of pipes arranged vertically one above the other can also be present at least partially, and in that the floating frame arrangement (2) has a sub-frame per module (14). Pure water extraction system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the floating frame arrangement (2) is at least partially formed from translucent plastic material and / or is provided with light-concentrating elements, such as converging lenses or a mirror structure or mirror coating.Pure water extraction system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floating frame arrangement (2) has at least one hollow tube (20) provided with through-openings, particularly in its geodetically upper region, through which the water vapor (9) of the evaporated water can be extracted to extract the pure water. Pure water extraction system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concentrator system (3) has at least one converging lens arrangement (30) and / or at least one converging mirror arrangement for condensing the solar rays by focusing them. Pure water production system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrogen production device (40) is designed to produce hydrogen from the evaporated water or the produced pure water by electrolysis. Pure water production system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that electrical energy provided by the photovoltaic device (7) is used for the pure water production system (1), in particular for operating a suction unit (6) of the suction device and / or the hydrogen production device.Pure water production plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water supply device (12) has a valve arrangement (120) which prevents water from flowing back from the irradiated water surface area to the water surface (11), and / or in that the water supply device (12) has a water suction layer (4) for transporting water from the water surface (11) upwards into the irradiated water surface area by capillary action, wherein the concentrator system (3) is arranged relative to the geodetically upper side of the water suction layer during use such that sucked-in water is evaporated by the thermal energy of the condensed solar rays (8).Pure water production plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the water absorption layer (4) is designed as a mat-like layer which, during use, lies on the water surface (11) or is partially immersed in it over its thickness and has cavities acting as capillaries. which is self-floating and / or supported on the water surface (11) by connection to the floating frame arrangement (2).

10. Pure water production plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fresh water can be additionally supplied to the water surface area via a supply system.

11. Pure water production plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a tracking device (13) by means of which at least parts of the concentrator system (3) can be tracked to the position of the sun in order to generate the highest possible radiation density on the irradiated water surface area, and / or that by means of the tracking device (13) solar modules of the photovoltaic device (7) which are exposed to solar radiation can also be tracked to the position of the sun.

12. Pure water production plant according to claim 11, characterized in that the tracking device (13) has a circularly curved hydraulic cylinder as a drive system at least for the time-of-day dependent sun position tracking.

13. Pure water production plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that modules (14) of similar or dissimilar geometry are present. Modular system for constructing a pure water production plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several modular A-type modules (14) are provided for constructing the water evaporation device (10) and / or that several modular B-type modules (14) are provided for constructing a photovoltaic device (7). Modular system according to claim 14, characterized in that several modular C-type modules (14) are also provided for constructing a hydrogen production device (40).

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