Thermal insulation of a facade or wall of a building by using a fabric acting as a formwork for receiving a loose thermal insulator

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for thermal insulation of a wall (PM) of a building (BA) from the outside, comprising the following steps: - deploying (S1) a first fabric (10) over all or part of the surface of the wall (PM) of the building (BA) at a distance (d) from the wall (PM) so as to form a formwork (11) between the wall (PM) and an inner face (10a) of the fabric (10) facing the wall (PM); and - filling (S3) it with a thermal insulator (20) in order to at least partly fill the internal volume (V) defined by the formwork (11) so as to thermally insulate the building (BA).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Title: Thermal insulation of a facade or wall of a building by using a canvas acting as formwork to receive loose thermal insulation

[0003] Technical field

[0004] The present invention relates to the field of thermal insulation of buildings, and more particularly to the field of rehabilitation and energy renovation.

[0005] One of the objects of the present invention relates to a method for thermally insulating a building, preferably the insulation of a facade (or in the broad sense of a wall) of a building from the outside, using a canvas (such as a textile canvas) acting as formwork.

[0006] The present invention will find numerous advantageous applications for the energy renovation of any building with facades preferably comprising windows, one or more doors and / or solid parts.

[0007] It will be understood that the present invention will find advantageous applications for the energy renovation of buildings of the type of residential buildings, buildings belonging to the community (town halls, hospitals, etc.), warehouses, buildings for professional use (offices, etc.), places receiving the public such as cinemas or others, etc. It will be understood that the present invention will find other advantageous applications, in particular for new buildings.

[0008] Such buildings can be built using traditional construction methods (masonry), timber frame, modular or other methods.

[0009] The present invention may also be applied to interior walls for architectural treatment and / or acoustic correction.

[0010] Prior art

[0011] The challenges of reducing energy consumption have become significant. This is especially true in the current context of geopolitical crisis, where energy prices (gas, electricity, gasoline, etc.) have increased considerably.

[0012] The construction industry is no exception and must reinvent itself to find innovative solutions that are energy efficient while remaining environmentally friendly. Today, there are many thermal insulation solutions for new buildings, i.e., buildings that are currently under construction and are being built entirely from the foundations to the finishing touches.

[0013] On the other hand, the problems linked to the thermal insulation of existing buildings in the context of rehabilitation have long been neglected.

[0014] We also talk about energy renovation.

[0015] To date, there are few innovative solutions for the energy renovation of buildings that are satisfactory and meet all the constraints of buildings.

[0016] Indeed, generally, buildings often present different characteristics depending on their period of construction and include varied architectural details which may have projections.

[0017] However, the solutions known to date are often complex to implement, compromise the architectural qualities / characteristics of existing buildings and are poorly suited to their specificities.

[0018] They are also often cumbersome to implement and, at the same time, expensive. For these reasons, energy renovation projects are often abandoned by the owner(s) who do not perceive the interest and / or profitability of such work in the face of the quotes presented for this type of approach.

[0019] Summary of the present invention

[0020] The present invention aims to improve the situation described above.

[0021] The present invention aims in particular to remedy at least one of the various technical problems mentioned above by proposing a thermal insulation solution that is simple to implement, inexpensive, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0022] According to a first aspect, the subject of the present invention relates to a method of thermal insulation (preferably from the outside) of a wall of a building comprising the following steps:

[0023] - a deployment of a first canvas over all or part of the surface of said wall of the building at a distance from said wall so as to form a formwork between said wall and an internal face of said canvas facing said wall;

[0024] - a filling of a thermal insulator to at least partially fill the internal volume defined by said formwork in order to thermally insulate said building. Thus, thanks to the combination of these technical steps, characteristic of the present invention, it is possible to easily create a formwork using the canvas which makes it possible to form a filling volume between the canvas and the wall.

[0025] Such a volume allows easy filling of thermal insulation to ensure the insulation of the building.

[0026] Using such a first canvas to create formwork makes it easy to insulate any type of building, whether from the outside or the inside.

[0027] It should also be noted that the fabric and the loose thermal insulation together create an acoustically absorbent surface which significantly reduces the reverberation of acoustic noise such as surrounding airborne noise and / or urban noise.

[0028] In addition to effectively insulating a building during renovation, this use of the canvas acting as formwork also improves the acoustic comfort of the public space.

[0029] In an advantageous embodiment, the canvas is a textile canvas.

[0030] In another advantageous embodiment, the canvas is a metal canvas such as for example a canvas comprising a metal mesh.

[0031] Such a wire mesh can, for example, be made of galvanized steel or stainless steel.

[0032] Advantageously, the method according to the present invention comprises a second deployment of a second canvas in front of the first canvas.

[0033] Advantageously, thermal insulation is a rot-proof material. The use of such a material is appreciated for its stability properties in an often humid outdoor environment.

[0034] Advantageously, said thermal insulation is antifungal, or has undergone antifungal treatment.

[0035] The use of such a material prevents the proliferation of fungi and mold that can affect the solidity of the building.

[0036] Advantageously, the thermal insulation is made from a fireproof material.

[0037] Preferably, such a fire-retardant material is configured to achieve fire performance such as a regulatory fire classification required for the type of construction on which the method is applied. The use of such a material is desirable to avoid / limit fire risks. Advantageously, the thermal insulation is a loose-fill material that is capable of being installed by gravity pouring, blowing or insufflation.

[0038] The use of such bulk material allows for simple storage and easy filling.

[0039] Preferably, said thermal insulator is a bio-sourced material.

[0040] Advantageously, said thermal insulation comprises at least one of the following materials: graphite polystyrene beads, polystyrene beads, expanded cork, ecographite, wood fibers, expanded clay beads, hemp straw, cellulose wadding, sheep wool, recycled plastic beads / granules.

[0041] It is understood here that, by thermal insulation, we mean by extension any product having thermal insulation properties which can be implemented by gravity discharge or by blowing.

[0042] The tests carried out on these materials are satisfactory. They allow all of the above criteria to be met.

[0043] Advantageously, said first and / or second fabrics (textile or metallic) comprise a plurality of perforations which, preferably, are distributed homogeneously over the entire surface thereof (i.e. at regular intervals).

[0044] Such perforations allow the fabric to breathe, allow moisture to migrate to the outside and prevent any lasting condensation in the insulating complex.

[0045] Preferably, these are microperforations.

[0046] Advantageously, said first and / or second canvases have dimensions substantially similar to those of the wall of said building. It is thus possible to cover the entire surface of the wall.

[0047] Advantageously, the first canvas comprises in the upper part at least one first opening and in which the filling of the internal volume with the thermal insulation is carried out by this first opening.

[0048] Filling is done, for example, by gravity pouring the thermal insulation. It is also possible to inject or blow the thermal insulation into the filling volume through this first opening.

[0049] Advantageously, the first and / or second fabrics (for example textiles) are made from a material resistant to ultraviolet (UV) rays.

[0050] Alternatively, said first and / or second fabrics (for example textiles) have undergone anti-UV treatment.

[0051] Preferably, said first and / or second fabrics (for example textiles) are made of a waterproof material which is capable of withstanding bad weather. Advantageously, the first fabric comprises at least one second opening in the lower part to allow gravity drainage of said thermal insulation formwork through said second opening.

[0052] Such emptying is advantageous for replacing thermal insulation if necessary, for example.

[0053] Advantageously, the deployment of the first and / or second canvases comprises holding said first and / or second canvases relative to the wall by pinching or any other holding device, by screwing or clipping.

[0054] Advantageously, the whole or part can be easily disassembled and then reassembled to replace a faulty component.

[0055] Advantageously, the splay of the joinery, peripheral or intermediate frames will be support points or lines to stabilize the canvas, in the running part and / or at the edge. Advantageously, the fixed profiles of the doors and windows have an added or integrated splay, the external part of which forms a support for the canvas.

[0056] Advantageously, the first canvas is pretensioned or put under tension by the pressure exerted by the thermal insulation on the canvas.

[0057] Advantageously, the method comprises a prior step of printing an external face of said first and / or second canvases.

[0058] In an advantageous embodiment, the method according to the present invention comprises a deployment of a second canvas which is placed in front of the first canvas to cover the latter and have a perfectly flat surface (the first canvas being slightly deformed by the pressure exerted by the thermal insulation in the formwork volume). Advantageously, the second canvas may also comprise a preliminary step of printing an external face of said second canvas.

[0059] Advantageously, the first or second canvas, here the visible canvas (i.e. the first canvas when there is only one and the second canvas when there are two) can be used to support messages of an informative or advertising nature, allowing for example the owner to receive remuneration. It should be noted that such remuneration can cover at least part of the cost of the intervention relating to the energy renovation of the building. Thus, by its various functional and structural technical characteristics described above, we have a lightweight and easy-to-implement thermal insulation solution that can be adapted to any type of building for efficient energy renovation; such a solution should also not require any structural reinforcement of the facade or the existing building or any specific ground foundation. Description of the attached figures

[0060] Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description below, with reference to the appended figures 1 to 13 which illustrate an exemplary embodiment thereof without any limiting character and in which:

[0061] [Fig.l]

[0062] Figure 1 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention;

[0063] [Fig.2]

[0064] Figure 2 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and on which additional joinery is affixed;

[0065] [Fig.3]

[0066] Figure 3 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and on which additional joinery is affixed;

[0067] [Fig.4]

[0068] Figure 4 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and on which rails are positioned to hold a first canvas in position;

[0069] [Fig.5]

[0070] Figure 5 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and on which a first canvas is deployed;

[0071] [Fig.6]

[0072] Figure 6 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and on which the first canvas is pulled to form the formwork;

[0073] [Fig.7]

[0074] Figure 7 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and on which the first canvas is cut at the level of the openings; [Fig.8]

[0075] Figure 8 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which is the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and which comprises a step of filling with thermal insulation;

[0076] [Fig.9]

[0077] Figure 9 schematically represents a perspective view of a facade of a building which has undergone energy renovation according to the present invention;

[0078] [Fig.10]

[0079] Figure 10 schematically represents a sectional view of a facade of a building after energy renovation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] [Fig. H]

[0081] Figure 11 schematically represents a perspective view of several facades in series which have been the subject of an energy renovation according to the present invention and which presents a first canvas which has undergone printing;

[0082] [Fig.12]

[0083] Figure 12 schematically represents an exploded view of means configured for holding the first canvas in position.

[0084] [Fig.13]

[0085] Figure 13 represents a flowchart of the different stages of the thermal insulation process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention for the energy renovation of a building;

[0086] [Fig.14]

[0087] Figure 14 schematically represents a sectional view of a facade of a building after energy renovation according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0088] Detailed description

[0089] The thermal insulation of a facade of a building according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will now be described in the following with joint reference to Figures 1 to 14.

[0090] As indicated in the preamble, the present invention relates to a thermal insulation solution for a PM facade of a BA building which is simple to implement, inexpensive, which adapts to the architectural specificities of the building and which is environmentally friendly. These various objectives are achieved by the present invention which is described below according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0091] The example described here relates to the thermal insulation of a PM facade of a BA building from the outside, also known by the acronym ITE for External Thermal Insulation. Those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can also be applied to internal thermal insulation.

[0092] In this example, the PM facade of the BA building typically includes several ME joinery elements such as an entrance door and windows (figure 1).

[0093] In this example and as illustrated in figures 2 and 3, we plan beforehand an arrangement of the ME joinery by placing during a step S0 a frame 30 around each of these ME joinery.

[0094] In the example described here, such a frame 30 rests on the splay of the ME joinery and projects relative to the vertical plane formed by the PM facade. It will preferably be noted that, as illustrated in FIG. 10, this frame 30 is configured so as to promote the arrival of light inside the BA building. In this example, a frame with panels inclined at 45° is provided to optimize the arrival of the sun's rays inside the building (via the windows) and not obstruct the view of the outside.

[0095] Preferably, this framing 30 (prefabricated bay blocks and frames) are made of aluminum alloy.

[0096] The concept underlying the present invention is to deploy a first canvas 10 in front of the facade PM at a sufficient distance d from it to form a formwork 11. Such a formwork 11 is characteristic of the present invention.

[0097] In the example described here, the deployment of a textile fabric 10 is provided.

[0098] It should be noted here that this is an example of an embodiment and that the Applicant provides, as an alternative, the deployment of a metal mesh fabric such as a fabric made of galvanized steel or stainless steel. Such a metal mesh fabric would provide good mechanical strength for the formwork.

[0099] For the deployment of such a first canvas 10 (textile or metallic), means for holding in position 40 (figure 12) are placed in the upper and lower parts of the building, which are configured to hold the first textile canvas 10, or even to put it under tension.

[0100] In this example, the holding means 40 consist of a linkage specifically designed for holding. Here, in this example, this linkage takes the form of a so-called holding bar having fixing elements for holding the canvas by pinching (or other means).

[0101] In this example of figure 12, the means 40 for holding the first canvas 10 comprise an end portion BA' of the building BA having a curved shape and a profile 41 one of the faces of which has a shape complementary to that of the end portion B A' so that the first canvas 10 is pinched between the two elements B A' and 10.

[0102] In this example, it is noted that the profile 41 is sized so as to ensure a separation distance d between said facade PM and the first canvas 10.

[0103] As indicated above, the concept underlying the present invention is to form a formwork 11 using this first fabric 10.

[0104] During a step S1, such deployment of the fabric 10 is therefore provided starting from the bottom of the facade PM. The first textile fabric 10 is then held in position by pinching by the bottom holding means 40 (figure 5) then deployed to the upper part to be fixed by pinching during a step S2 using the top holding means 40 (figure 6) and thus cover the facade PM.

[0105] In this example, the first canvas 10 has dimensions substantially similar to those of the facade PM of building B A. It is therefore understood that, as illustrated in figure 6, the canvas 10 covers the entire surface of the facade PM.

[0106] The upper and lower holding means 40 being offset from the facade PM by a separation distance d, a spacing is formed between the internal face 10a of the canvas 10 and the facade PM, which makes it possible to define a volume forming the formwork 11 which will allow filling for thermal insulation.

[0107] Before proceeding with such filling, it is planned to close the side faces of the formwork 11, for example with another canvas (not shown here) or with panels.

[0108] Formwork 11 is therefore closed laterally-frontally, which allows it to be filled from above.

[0109] It should be noted that, if several facades in series are insulated, the formwork is connected to each other and it is sufficient to close the side faces of the ends only.

[0110] It will be noted that the first textile fabric 10 preferably has microperforations distributed homogeneously over its entire surface to promote the breathing of the BA building and thus migrate the humidity towards the outside to avoid any lasting condensation in the thermal insulation 20. In this example, before filling, a cut of the fabric 10 is provided at the level of the openings (figure 7) with the installation of profiles on the peripheral edges of each frame 30.

[0111] Thus, the peripheral frameworks of the frames 30 constitute support points or lines for stabilizing the canvas 30, in the running part and / or at the edge.

[0112] Once the finishing touches have been made to the canvas 10 serving as formwork 11, it is possible, as illustrated in FIG. 8, to bring in a truck and / or a crane capable of filling, during a step S3, the filling volume defined by the formwork 11 using loose thermal insulation 20.

[0113] The choice of thermal insulation 20 was the subject of numerous tests to meet the various challenges and objectives of the present invention.

[0114] The project is indeed ecological in nature, with the aim of being respectful of the environment.

[0115] The choice of a bio-sourced material which has good thermal insulation properties was therefore preferred.

[0116] In this case, such a material must preferably be rot-proof, flame-retardant and anti-fungal. After numerous tests, the thermal insulator 20 used in the context of the present invention is preferably selected from graphite polystyrene and / or expanded cork.

[0117] These two types of thermal insulation perfectly meet the imposed specifications. The use of loose expanded cork granules such as AMORIM or SOCOR and graphite polystyrene beads such as NEOPOR BASF and ECOGRAPHITE is particularly appreciated.

[0118] For example, the carbon footprint of expanded cork is 1.23 kgCO 2 eq / m 2 This is the thermal insulation with the lowest carbon footprint. It is in fact possible to source this type of pellet locally.

[0119] The carbon footprint of graphite polystyrene beads is 1.4 kgCO 2 eq / m 2. It is a material derived from the petroleum industry that can be easily recycled and manufactured using mainly water. Its insulating power is superior to that of expanded cork. It allows thermal insulation target values ​​to be achieved with a lesser thickness than expanded cork (25 centimeters of graphite polystyrene beads compared to 33 centimeters of expanded cork).

[0120] The choice of one of these two thermal insulators is therefore preferred. However, other insulators can be considered, such as expanded cork, ecographite, wood fibers, expanded clay balls, hemp straw, cellulose wadding, sheep wool, recycled plastic balls / granules.

[0121] As illustrated in Figure 8, the filling S3 is carried out in this example by introducing the thermal insulation 20 in bulk via first openings 12 made in the upper part of the fabric 10.

[0122] It is understood that in this example the filling S3 of this insulator 20 is done by gravity pouring.

[0123] Those skilled in the art may consider other techniques for filling S3 of the formwork, such as for example by blowing the thermal insulation 20 into the filling volume of the formwork 11.

[0124] It will be noted that the tensioning of the canvas 10 is done by the pressure exerted by the insulation 20 on the internal face 10a of the canvas 10. It is not necessary to tension the canvas before filling.

[0125] Once completely filled (figure 9), the PM facade is then perfectly insulated over its entire height.

[0126] It should be noted that the first textile fabric 10 may have second openings 13 in the lower part to allow gravity drainage S4 of the thermal insulation 20.

[0127] The presence of these openings 13 is advantageous in that it allows the formwork 11 to be emptied and then, if necessary (humidity, etc.), to be refilled via the first openings 12 with another new insulator 20.

[0128] On the other hand, it should be noted that the pressure exerted by the insulation on the canvas can cause it to deform 10, which can be unsightly (figure 10).

[0129] As illustrated in Figure 14, it is then possible to consider deploying a second 10' canvas. This second 10' canvas is placed in front of the first canvas 10 to cover it and have a perfectly flat surface (the first canvas being slightly deformed by the pressure exerted by the thermal insulation in the formwork volume).

[0130] The holding means 40 are thus adapted to receive this second 10' canvas in the upper and lower portions of the BA building. The same principle is thus provided as that described above with profiles 41 and 42 whose shapes are complementary to pinch the upper and lower portions of the 10' canvas and thus tension this second 10' canvas.

[0131] As illustrated in Figure 11, a pin 43 is then inserted into an opening at each of the elements 41, 42 and B A' to ensure the integral assembly of the elements together. As illustrated in Figure 11, this second textile fabric 10' may also include a prior step of laser printing of the external face 10b' (i.e. the visible facade). Such a face 10b' may thus have an ornamental character as is the case in Figure 11 with the representation of classic brick facades (on the first part) or a more modern representation (on the second part).

[0132] Such an example is advantageous for renovating and / or beautifying a neighborhood.

[0133] This second 10' textile canvas can also be used to support informative or advertising messages, allowing the owner to receive remuneration, for example. It should be noted that such remuneration can cover at least part of the cost of the intervention relating to the energy renovation of the building.

[0134] It is understood that this visible 10b' face can also be used to support informative messages for a cultural or sporting event or for advertising purposes, thus allowing the owner of the building to receive remuneration.

[0135] It will be understood that this printing of the visible face 10b' of the canvas allows individualization of the architectural decoration of the facade of each dwelling while offering great diversity without significant additional cost.

[0136] Thus, the present invention proposes an external thermal insulation technique (ETI) using a bio-sourced thermal insulator which meets the new constraints and requirements of the world of construction and public works for the rehabilitation and energy renovation of buildings with facades mainly comprising windows and solid parts.

[0137] The present invention thus makes it possible to respond pertinently to three inseparable questions in the context of energy renovation:

[0138] - how to reduce the cost of ITE in rehabilitation?

[0139] - how to reduce the carbon footprint of the proposed solutions?

[0140] - how to redefine the aesthetics of treated facades?

[0141] The Applicant further submits that the present invention makes it possible to reduce noise pollution from the street by acting as acoustic insulation.

[0142] It has indeed been noted that this design allows for good absorption of acoustic energy. Instead of reflecting traffic noise, the facades covered with their canvas absorb this energy. The result is a much quieter public space, which also improves the comfort of people in the urban space and in the interior space of their homes. This industrialization of this insulation process by a formwork (by textile or metal canvases) filled with a bio-sourced loose thermal insulation makes it possible to create a real coat which will have the advantage of significantly reducing the building's energy consumption.

[0143] The design of this formwork filled with thermal insulation also makes it suitable for the greatest number of buildings with very varied styles and modenatures.

[0144] The present invention therefore proposes a construction system using existing industrial components, diverted and combined, which make it possible to significantly improve the energy performance of all the facades of existing buildings while enhancing the lives of the people living inside and brightening up the streets.

[0145] It should be noted that this detailed description relates to a particular embodiment of the present invention, but that in no case does this description have any limiting character with respect to the subject of the invention; on the contrary, its objective is to remove any possible imprecision or misinterpretation of the claims which follow.

[0146] It should also be noted that the reference signs placed in parentheses in the following claims are in no way limiting; these signs have the sole purpose of improving the intelligibility and understanding of the following claims as well as the scope of the protection sought.

Claims

Claims 1. Method of thermal insulation of a wall (PM) of a building (BA) comprising the following steps: - a first deployment (SI) of a first canvas (10) over all or part of the surface of said wall (PM) of the building (BA) at a distance (d) from said wall (PM) so as to form a formwork (11) between said wall (PM) and an internal face (10a) of said canvas (10) facing said wall (PM); - a filling (S3) of a thermal insulator (20) to at least partially fill the internal volume (V) defined by said formwork (11) in order to thermally insulate said building (BA).

2. Method according to claim 1, which comprises a second deployment of a second canvas (10') in front of the first canvas (10).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said first (10) and / or second (10') fabrics are made of a textile material.

4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said first (10) and / or second (10') fabrics are made of a metallic material such as for example a metallic mesh made of galvanized steel or stainless steel.

5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said thermal insulator (20) is a rot-proof material.

6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said thermal insulator (20) has undergone an antifungal treatment.

7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said thermal insulator (20) is made of a flame-retardant material.

8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said thermal insulator (20) comprises at least one of the following materials: graphite polystyrene beads, polystyrene beads, expanded cork, ecographite, wood fibers, expanded clay beads, hemp straw, cellulose wadding, sheep wool, recycled plastic beads / granules.

9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said first (10) and / or second (10') fabrics comprise a plurality of perforations distributed homogeneously over the entire surface thereof. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said first (10) and / or second (10') canvases have dimensions substantially similar to those of the wall (PM) of said building (BA). Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the first canvas (10) comprises in the upper part at least one first opening (12) and in which the filling (S3) of said internal volume (V) by said thermal insulator (20) is carried out by said first opening (12). Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the first canvas (10) comprises in the lower part at least one second opening (13) to allow gravity emptying (S4) of said formwork (11) of the thermal insulator (20) through said second opening (13). Method according to any one of the preceding claims, which comprises, following the deployment step (SI), holding (S2) said first (10) and / or second (10') canvas relative to said wall (PM) by pinching.

Images