Brake device and rail vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a brake device (1) for a rail vehicle, comprising: a wheel set (99), a wheel (9) which can be rotated about a wheel axis (x), an eddy-current brake (2A; 2B) which comprises an eddy-current rotor (22A; 22B) and an eddy-current stator (21A; 21B), and a friction brake (3) which comprises a friction rotor (32) and a friction stator (31), wherein - the eddy-current brake (2A; 2B) and the friction brake (3) can be activated sequentially by a single actuation device (7), - the eddy-current rotor (22A; 22B) has a disc-type design and is connected to one side of the wheel (9) so as to be aligned coaxially to the wheel axis (x), - the eddy-current stator (21A; 21B) can be moved in front of the eddy-current rotor (22A; 22B) in the direction of the wheel axis (x), and - the wheel (9) is provided with a wheel rim (92) that is used as a friction rotor (32) and has an end surface (921) which is oriented radially outwards with respect to the wheel axis (x) and is used as a brake surface and against which the friction stator (31) can be moved.

Description

[0001]Braking device for rail vehicles and rail vehicle The invention relates to a braking device for rail vehicles comprising an eddy current disc brake and a friction disc brake, as well as to a rail vehicle, in particular a bogie, with at least one such braking device. EP2598766B1 discloses a braking device for rail vehicles with an eddy current disc brake and a friction disc brake. The eddy current disc brake comprises a rotating rotor comprising an eddy current path and a rotationally fixed stator carrying an electromagnet whose magnetic field lines induce eddy currents when the rotor moves in the eddy current path, generating an eddy current braking torque. The friction disc brake comprises a rotor acting as a brake disc and brake pads that interact with the brake disc as a stator to generate a friction braking torque.The eddy-current disc brake and the friction disc brake use the same rotor, which serves both as an eddy-current rotor with the eddy-current path and as a friction brake disc. The braking device is controlled by a control unit depending on the operating parameters of the rail vehicle, which include the respective braking requirement of the rail vehicle, which is usually dependent on the speed. Eddy-current disc brakes provide good braking performance at high rail vehicle speeds and thus at a high rotor rotation speed, without any signs of wear. At low speeds, the braking effect of the eddy-current disc brake is reduced, which is why the friction disc brake is activated to stop the rail vehicle. Since the friction disc brake is normally only used at low speeds, correspondingly low signs of wear occur.EP2598766B1 shows a schematic diagram that the eddy-current disc brake with the electromagnet and the friction disc brake are coupled separately to a wheel, which is why they require a correspondingly large amount of space. The eddy-current disc brake can be activated simply by applying current to the electromagnet. Moving parts and mechanical actuators are not required for the eddy-current disc brake. If the eddy-current disc brake has a permanent magnet instead of an electromagnet, this must be guided against the eddy-current path by means of an actuating device to initiate the braking process.Implementing a braking device with an eddy-current disc brake and a friction disc brake, both of which have a mechanical actuation device, results in an additional increase in space requirements and increased manufacturing costs for implementing the braking device. US20170239506A1 discloses a non-movable training device with a brake disc raised from the ground and mounted for rotation. The brake disc has a peripherally radially aligned ring on which an eddy-current brake and a friction brake, which have rotatably mounted braking elements connected to an adjustment device, can act. This device cannot be used with a brake disc that is designed as a wheel and rolls along the ground. US20200300310A1 discloses a braking device with an eddy-current brake and an integrated friction brake that can be actuated axially or axially / radially.In the axially actuated braking device, stationary and rotating discs or rings, which hold interacting elements of eddy current brakes and friction brakes, are movable relative to one another. This device is therefore extremely complex and almost impossible to implement in combination with a rail vehicle wheel. In the axially / radially actuated braking device, magnets are mounted for radial displacement and can each be moved radially by means of a cable. A brake disc of a friction brake is axially movable by means of a rotatably mounted cylinder equipped with helical gearing. The implementation of such a complex braking device with a radially actuated eddy current brake and an axially actuated friction brake is associated with considerable effort and is almost impossible to implement in combination with a rail vehicle wheel. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 The present invention is therefore based on the object of creating an improved braking device for a rail vehicle, which has an eddy current brake with at least one permanent magnet and a friction brake. Furthermore, a rail vehicle, in particular a bogie, is to be realized with such a braking device. Despite the omission of an electromagnet and the use of at least one electromagnet, the braking device is to be constructed even more compactly than the braking device described in the introduction, so that it takes up less space and can be advantageously integrated into a rail vehicle, in particular into a bogie. The invention is also to make it possible to transmit an increased braking effect to a wheel of a rail vehicle. The braking device is to be constructed simply and comprise only a few parts, so that low manufacturing costs and low maintenance costs result.The elements of the braking device should advantageously be accessible and easily detachable from one another, thus resulting in minimal maintenance and repair work. The braking device should provide optimal braking performance in every speed range of the rail vehicle. Wear on the friction brake should be minimized during normal operation of the braking device. However, if the braking device is inactive, no braking effect should occur. This object is achieved with a braking device according to claim 1 and a rail vehicle, in particular a bogie, according to claim 15. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in further claims.The braking device provided for a rail vehicle having at least one wheelset with a wheelset shaft, coaxial with which a wheelset axis runs, comprises - a wheel that is directly or indirectly coupled to the wheelset shaft and that is rotatable about a wheel axis, - at least one eddy current brake comprising a one-piece or segmented eddy current rotor connected to the wheel and a one-piece or segmented eddy current stator that is movable relative to the eddy current rotor, and - at least one friction brake comprising a friction rotor connected to the wheel or integrated into the wheel and a friction stator that is displaceable against the friction rotor (32; 32A, 32B; 92).According to the invention it is provided that - the eddy current brake and the friction brake can be activated sequentially by a single actuating device and a drive device coupled thereto, which can be controlled by means of a control unit, - that the one-piece or segmented eddy current rotor is disc-shaped or annular and is connected to one side of the wheel coaxially aligned with the wheel axis or is integrated into the wheel, - that the at least one one-piece or segmented eddy current stator can be displaced in the direction of the wheel axis in front of the eddy current rotor or can be rotated or pivoted segment by segment against the eddy current rotor, and - that the wheel is provided with a wheel rim which serves as a friction rotor and which has a radially outward-facing end face with respect to the wheel axis, which serves as a braking surface and against which the friction stator can be displaced, preferably perpendicular to the wheel axis.Preferably, the at least one eddy current stator and the at least one friction stator are displaceable parallel to one another. The eddy current brake is preferably designed as an eddy current disc brake. The wheel is aligned coaxially with the wheelset axle and connected to it. For example, a first wheel of a braking device according to the invention is held on one side of the wheelset axle and a second wheel of a further braking device according to the invention is held on the other side of the wheelset axle. Additionally or alternatively, at least one wheel with an associated braking device can also be designed as a brake wheel and aligned coaxially with the wheelset axle, arranged between two running wheels of the wheelset axle, or arranged with the wheel axle spaced from the wheelset axle. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 In a first preferred embodiment, the wheel is designed as a running wheel and provided with a wheel rim which serves as a friction rotor and which, with respect to the wheel axis, has a radially outwardly directed end face which serves as a braking surface and as a running surface and against which the friction stator is displaceable. For example, the rail vehicle comprises at least one wheelset with two rail wheels or running wheels connected to one another by a wheelset shaft, one or both of which are provided with at least one braking device according to the invention. A bogie usually has a front and a rear wheelset, each with two running wheels, which are preferably both provided with at least one braking device according to the invention.In a further preferred embodiment, the wheel is designed as a brake wheel and provided with a wheel rim that serves as a friction rotor and has a radially outward-facing end face with respect to the wheel axis, which serves as a braking surface but not as a running surface and against which the friction stator is displaceable. In this embodiment, it is therefore essential that the wheel rim has an end face and allows the displacement of the eddy current stators. With regard to the braking device according to the invention, the running wheel and the brake wheel thus have the same functional effect. A wheelset of a rail vehicle can be coupled to one or more brake wheels. The at least one brake wheel is either mounted on the wheelset axle and firmly coupled to the wheelset axle.Alternatively, the at least one brake wheel is rotatably mounted with its wheel axle spaced from the wheelset shaft and its wheelset axle, and coupled to the wheelset shaft via a gear and optionally a coupling device. In a preferred embodiment, the brake wheel is held by a drive shaft driven by a drive motor. One or more wheelsets of the rail vehicle, optionally of the bogie, which are provided with a braking device according to the invention are therefore optionally equipped with such a drive motor. When coupling the brake wheel via a gear, it is preferably provided that the brake wheel rotates at a higher speed than the wheelset. This results in increased eddy currents and a correspondingly higher braking power of the eddy current brake, which is why additional braking devices can be completely or partially dispensed with.This also has the advantage that the unsprung mass on the wheelset can be significantly reduced. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 The diameters of the brake wheels can differ from the diameters of the running wheels, but are preferably the same. If the brake wheel is arranged at a distance from the wheelset, it may be provided with a diameter that is reduced at least enough to prevent contact with the wheelset axle. If a wheelset is coupled with brake wheels, the brake wheels, or the brake wheels and the running wheels, can preferably each be provided with at least one braking device according to the invention.With regard to the braking device according to the invention, the impeller and the brake wheel are thus functionally equivalent and can be designed and / or equipped in the same way, which is why the statements regarding the described embodiments of the braking device according to the invention apply equally to the wheel in the embodiment as an impeller or as a coaxially or eccentrically arranged brake wheel. In an alternative embodiment, the wheel is designed as an impeller and is provided with a wheel hub that forms the at least one friction rotor or is provided with the at least one friction rotor that has a radially outward-facing end face with respect to the wheel axis, which serves as a braking surface and against which the associated friction stator is displaceable. An eddy current brake is also provided on one side or on both sides of the impeller.By combining the eddy current brake and the friction brake with a single actuating device, a simple and compact design of the braking device is achieved. The braking device requires little space and can be advantageously mounted on a wheel. By displacing the at least one eddy current stator and the at least one friction stator at least approximately radially and preferably parallel along a radius against the wheel axis or parallel thereto, if necessary via steps, the eddy current brake and the friction brake can be advantageously integrated into the braking device. The braking device can therefore be realized with minimal dimensions and installed advantageously. Due to the small space requirement, several braking devices can also act on a single wheel, a running wheel or a brake wheel.For example, two braking devices are provided which act on the wheel from different directions and are, for example, located diametrically opposite one another with respect to the wheel axis of the SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 wheel. In this case, the braking effect on the wheel can be doubled or further increased by means of the invention. The braking device is preferably designed to be at least partially symmetrical, so that a first eddy current brake and optionally a first friction brake can be implemented on one side of the wheel, a running wheel or brake wheel, and a second eddy current brake and optionally a second friction brake can be implemented on the other side of the wheel. In the preferred embodiment, a single braking device is provided in combination with at least one eddy current brake, preferably between two eddy current brakes, which braking device is applied to the front of the wheel, the running wheel or the brake wheel, orthe wheel rim provided with the front face of the wheel. The action occurs wholly or partially on the front face or the peripheral profile of the wheel, which includes the wheel flange. If the action only affects the wheel rim or the front face without the wheel flange, the front face is only partially stressed. The eddy current rotor of the eddy current brake is preferably disc-shaped or ring-shaped and is preferably coaxially connected to the wheel, the running wheel or the brake wheel, or integrated into it. The eddy current rotor can be of one piece or segmented design. For example, two preferably plate-shaped ferromagnetic metal rings lie one above the other, of which the outer metal ring is preferably particularly resistant to external influences and corrosion, and the inner metal ring is particularly well suited to conducting eddy currents.The outer metal ring or protective ring is preferably dimensioned accordingly thin, so that the protective effect and mechanical strength are essentially guaranteed. The outer metal ring is preferably made of nickel silver, aluminum or stainless steel. The inner metal ring is preferably made of steel. The eddy current rotor or at least part of the eddy current rotor, preferably at least its outwardly exposed side, is preferably provided with a protective layer, for example made of metal or plastic, which is preferably less than 1 mm thick. In a preferred embodiment, the ferromagnetic wheel disc of the wheel, the impeller or the brake wheel, which connects the wheel hub to the wheel rim, forms the eddy current rotor. The wheel disc is preferably machined accordingly, optionally hardened and / or coated or provided with a protective layer. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 In a first embodiment, the eddy current stator is preferably displaceable in front of the eddy current rotor, preferably perpendicular to the wheel axis. In this first embodiment, the eddy current stator can be present in different designs that are adapted to the wheel or rail vehicle. For example, the eddy current stator is designed as a circular segment or as a ring segment, the dimensions of which are preferably adapted to the eddy current rotor and can completely or partially cover a segment thereof. In a further embodiment, the eddy current stator is divided into segments, each of which is pivotally held by a stator holder and which can be pivoted by means of the actuating device between a reset position, in which they are decoupled from the associated eddy current rotor, and a braking position, in which they are coupled to the associated eddy current rotor.The eddy current stator segments are preferably pivotable or can be swiveled through 90°, so that in the basic design they are either aligned parallel to the eddy current rotor and coupled to it in the braking position, or aligned perpendicular to the eddy current rotor and decoupled from it in the reset position. The eddy current stator segments are preferably pivotally mounted such that in the braking position they lie in a plane separated from the eddy current rotor by the smallest possible air gap, and that in the reset position they are as far away from the eddy current rotor as possible. The eddy current stator segments are preferably each held by a magnetic holder, which is provided on the one hand, for example by means of a holding frame, for holding an eddy current stator segment and on the other hand, for example by means of at least one holding arm, for holding the associated holding shaft.By appropriately dimensioning the holding arm, the eddy current stator segment can be pivoted along a desired path against the eddy current stator into the braking position and away from it again into the reset position. The eddy current stator or the eddy current stator segments are preferably designed as one-piece or multi-piece permanent magnets and / or comprise several permanent magnets, optionally hard magnets based on rare earth elements (Nd-Fe-B, Sm-Co). The eddy current stator preferably comprises a holding body with recesses, openings, or bores into which magnets, preferably hard magnets, are inserted. The magnets used can be cylindrical or cuboid-shaped and / or have a polygonal cross-section. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 Just like the eddy current rotor, the eddy current stator can also consist of one or more parts, of which preferably at least one is coated or provided with a protective layer on at least one exposed side. The friction rotor is preferably disc-shaped or annular and is coaxially connected to the wheel or integrated into it. The friction stator can therefore act with its end face or front side or with a long side on the friction rotor, optionally on the wheel rim or part of the wheel hub or a friction rotor connected to the wheel hub. The eddy current stator and the friction stator are preferably held in a fixed position during phases of the braking process, which is why they are referred to as stators. However, the eddy current stator and the friction stator can be guided to a braking position and back to a reset position.In preferred embodiments, the eddy-current stator can also be moved by the eddy-current brake during the braking process, for example, to guide the friction stator against the friction rotor. Appropriate dimensioning, which takes the displacement of the eddy-current stator into account, ensures that the effect of the eddy-current brake remains unchanged when the friction brake is actuated. The at least one eddy-current stator and the friction stator can be rigidly connected to one another or held separately by actuating arms and displaced together. In both embodiments, a single actuating device is provided, which activates the at least one eddy-current brake and the friction brake.The direct connection of the friction stator to the eddy-current stator has the advantage that the friction stator is held by the eddy-current stator, eliminating the need for actuating arms to hold the friction stator. In a particularly simple embodiment (see Fig. 2a), the eddy-current stator serves to hold and / or mount the friction stator. For example, the friction stator is connected to the eddy-current stator by a screw connection or by a positive connection. For example, the eddy-current stator and the friction stator are connected to each other by a dovetail joint, so that the friction stator can be easily mounted and preferably secured, for example, by a screw set, and can also be dismantled and replaced. In this embodiment, the eddy-current brake and the SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 friction brake practically form a single unit, which can be implemented and used particularly advantageously.In a further preferred embodiment, the eddy current stator is held by at least one first actuating arm and the friction stator is held by at least one second actuating arm of the single actuating device and are connected to one another in one piece or by a coupling element. In preferred embodiments, a guide device is provided by means of which the eddy current stator can be guided against the eddy current rotor / or the friction stator can be guided against the friction rotor. The guide device is preferably designed such that the braking effect occurs sequentially, so that during a braking operation at high vehicle speed, the eddy current brake is activated first and only after a reduction in speed is the friction brake selectively activated. The braking device is preferably controlled by means of a control unit depending on the operating parameters of the rail vehicle.The operating parameters preferably include environment-dependent parameters and vehicle-dependent parameters, for example, threshold values, target values / or target curves, and braking requirements, taking into account which the control unit transmits control signals to the braking device to actuate the eddy-current brake and the friction brake sequentially or simultaneously if very strong braking is required. The eddy-current stator(s) and the friction stator(s) can be connected to one another in any desired manner, either in one piece or by means of several connecting parts, rigidly or elastically, so that they can be driven jointly by the drive device.The at least one friction stator is preferably held elastically by means of an elastic element such as a spring, for example a tension spring or a torsion spring, and is optionally displaceably mounted, so that the contact pressure can be selectively increased by compressing the elastic element. Preferably, at least one coupling part is provided, which connects the at least one eddy current stator and the at least one friction stator to one another, optionally via actuating arms that are preferably aligned parallel to one another. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 In a preferred embodiment, the eddy current stator and the friction stator can be displaced jointly or each by means of a guide rail of the guide device, which has a control cam, in front of the eddy current rotor and the friction rotor and jointly against the eddy current rotor and the friction rotor in such a way that first an interaction occurs between the eddy current stator and the eddy current rotor and, upon further displacement, an interaction between the friction stator and the friction rotor. In a preferred embodiment, only the at least one eddy current stator is guided along a control cam. The friction stator can be connected directly to the eddy current stator or displaced separately. The activation of the actuating device for displacing the eddy current stator and the friction stator takes place by means of a drive device which, for example, drives a spindle or has an extendable piston.The spindle engages, for example, in a drive ring or a drive sleeve with an internal thread, which are displaced axially along the spindle when it rotates. Alternatively, the drive device can also have an extendable piston that acts on the actuating device, in particular the actuating arms. There are therefore various options for driving the actuating device. The drive device is, for example, an electric servomotor. If necessary, the drive only occurs in one direction, for example to displace the eddy current stator and the friction stator against the eddy current rotor and the friction rotor or to move them away from the eddy current rotor and the friction rotor. During this process, energy can be stored in a return element, which can return the eddy current stator and / or the friction stator in the opposite direction.If the deactivated braking device is not intended to exert any braking effect, a separating disk is preferably provided within which the eddy current stator can be parked and is preferably at least partially shielded from the outside, preferably from the eddy current rotor and / or from external influences. The separating disk is made, for example, from ferromagnetic material, which short-circuits the magnetic field lines and prevents them from penetrating the eddy current rotor. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 As described above, a rail vehicle, optionally a bogie, can advantageously be equipped with braking devices according to the invention. The wheels of the rail vehicle or the bogie can be equipped with one or more braking devices on one side or both sides. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. In the drawings: Fig.1a shows a bogie 100 with two elastically mounted wheelsets 99, each having two running wheels 9 connected to one another by a wheelset shaft 98, each of which is preferably assigned at least one braking device 1 according to the invention; Fig. 1b shows the bogie 100 of Fig. 1a with wheelsets 99, each having two running wheels 9 connected to one another by a wheelset shaft 98 and two braking wheels 9' arranged coaxially to the wheelset shaft 98, each of which is preferably assigned at least one braking device 1 according to the invention; Fig. 2a shows a braking device 1 according to the invention mounted on a wheel 9 and not yet activated, which has an actuating device 7 connected to a drive device 8, by means of which, controlled by a control unit 10, an eddy current brake 2A, 2B and a friction brake 3A, 3B can be actuated on each side of the wheel 9 (see also Fig. 2b); Fig. 2b shows a longitudinal section through the braking device 1 of Fig.2a and a further optional braking device 1' connected to the wheel 9, which is preferably provided with an actuating device 7 according to Fig. 2a; Fig. 3a shows a further braking device 1 according to the invention, which differs from the braking device 1 of Fig. 2a in that only one friction brake 3 is provided with a friction stator 31, which is displaceable against the wheel rim 92 of the wheel 9, 9', 9'', which serves as a friction rotor 32; SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 Fig. 3b shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 6a during the displacement of the friction stator 31 and the at least one eddy current stator 21A; Fig. 3c shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 6a with the eddy current stator 21A, which is coupled to the eddy current rotor 22A, and with the friction stator 31, which frictionally engages the friction rotor 32 or the end face 921 of the wheel rim 92; Fig. 4a shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 3a from above; Fig. 4b shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 3b from above; Fig.4c shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 3c from above; Fig. 5a shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 3a, looking towards the inside of the wheel 9, 9', 9'' with retracted actuating arms 74C and 74A, 74B; Fig. 5b shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 5a, looking towards the outside of the wheel 9, 9', 9''; Fig. 5c shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 5a, looking towards the inside of the wheel 9, 9', 9'' with partially extended actuating arms 74C and 74A, 74B and partially activated eddy current brakes 2a, 2b; Fig. 5d shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 5c, looking towards the outside of the wheel 9, 9', 9''; Fig. 5e shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 5a, viewed from the inside of the wheel 9, 9', 9'', with fully extended actuating arms 74C and 74A, 74B, and activated eddy current brake 2a, 2b and activated friction brake 3; Fig. 5f shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 5e, viewed from the outside of the wheel 9, 9', 9''; SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 Fig.6a shows a further braking device 1 according to the invention with a friction brake 3 having a friction stator 31 which is displaceable against the wheel rim 92 of the wheel 9, 9', 9'', which serves as a friction rotor 32, and with an eddy current brake 2, 2B which has a stator holder 71, of which a plurality of eddy current stator segments 21B1, ..., 21Bn are rotatably or pivotably held, preferably on each side of the wheel 9, 9', 9'', which can be pivoted between a braking position and a reset position by means of the actuating device 7; Fig. 6b shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 6a with the eddy current brake 2, 2A in the braking position, in which the eddy current stator segments 21A1, ..., 21An have been pivoted against the associated eddy current rotor 22A and are aligned in a plane parallel to the eddy current rotor 22A at the smallest possible distance therefrom; Fig. 6c shows the braking device 1 of Fig.6b with the eddy current brake 2, 2A in the reset position, in which the eddy current stator segments 21A1, ..., 21An have been pivoted away from the associated eddy current rotor 22A and are aligned perpendicularly thereto at the greatest possible distance; Fig. 6d the braking device 1 of Fig. 6a with the eddy current brake 2, 2A in the braking position without the stator holder 71; Fig. 6e the braking device 1 of Fig. 6b with the eddy current brake 2, 2A in the reset position without the stator holder 71; Fig. 7a the braking device 1 of Fig. 6a with an eddy current brake 2, 2A with pivotable eddy current stator segments 21A1, ..., 21An in a further preferred embodiment; Fig. 7b the braking device 1 of Fig. 7a with the eddy current brake 2; 2B in the braking position, in which the eddy current stator segments 21B1, …, 21Bn have been pivoted against the associated eddy current rotor 22B and are aligned parallel to it at the smallest possible distance in a plane; SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 Fig. 7c the braking device 1 of Fig. 7b with the eddy current brake 2, 2B in the reset position, in which the eddy current stator segments 21B1, ..., 21Bn have been pivoted away from the associated eddy current rotor 22A and are aligned perpendicularly thereto at the greatest possible distance; Fig. 8a one of the eddy current stator segments 21A1, ..., 21An; 21B1, ..., 21Bn, which is held by a magnetic holder 753 and pivotable about a holding shaft 72 which is drivable by means of a rotating device 75 which is designed as a lever joint or gear drive; Fig. 8b one of the eddy current stator segments 21A1, ..., 21An; 21B1, ..., 21Bn, which is pivotally held by a holding shaft 72, which is drivable by means of a rotating device 75, which is designed as a lever joint or gear drive; Fig. 9 shows the wheel set 99 of the bogie 100 of Fig. 1b with four braking devices 1 according to the invention, which are assigned to the two running wheels 9 and the two braking wheels 9'; Fig.10 shows the wheelset 99 of the bogie 100 of Fig. 1b with two braking devices 1 according to the invention, which are assigned to the two braking wheels 9', and with two conventional braking devices 1k, which are assigned to the running wheels 9; Fig. 11a shows a wheelset 99, for example for the bogie 100 of Fig. 1a, with a braking device 1 according to the invention with a braking wheel 9'', which is connected to the wheelset shaft 98 of the wheelset 99 by a gear 94 and a coupling device 95 and, in this preferred embodiment, is held by a drive shaft 961, which is connected to a drive motor 96; Fig. 11b shows the device of Fig. 11a from the front; and Fig. 11c shows the device of Fig. 11a from the rear. Fig. 1a shows a bogie 100 of a rail vehicle with two elastically mounted wheel sets 99, each having two running wheels 9, which are driven by a SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 wheelset shaft 98 are held and to which preferably at least one braking device 1 according to the invention is each assigned. Fig. 1b shows the bogie 100 of Fig. 1a with wheel sets 99, each having two running wheels 9 and two brake wheels 9', each of which preferably has at least one braking device 1 according to the invention assigned to it. The running wheels 9 and the two brake wheels 9' are held by the wheelset shaft 98. Fig. 11a shows that a braking device 1 according to the invention can advantageously be realized in which the brake wheel 9'' is spaced from the wheelset shaft 98, but is coupled to it by a gear 94, so that a rotation of the wheelset 99 causes a rotation of the brake wheel 9'' and a rotation of the brake wheel 9'' causes a rotation of the wheelset 99. A gear 94 can thereby realize a transmission ratio greater than, less than, or equal to one. Preferably, the brake wheel 9'' rotates at a higher speed than the wheel set 99.In preferred embodiments, either the running wheel 9 or the brake wheel 9'' can be driven directly or indirectly. The following embodiments of the braking device 1 can be implemented in the same way with running wheels 9 and brake wheels 9', 9'' coupled to the wheelset shaft 98 either fixedly or via a gear. Embodiments relating to a braking device 1 with a running wheel 9 therefore also apply to a braking device 1 with a brake wheel 9' or 9''. One or more braking devices 1 according to the invention can be optionally assigned to one or more running wheels 9 and / or one or more brake wheels 9', 9''. The braking devices 1 according to the invention can also be used in combination with conventional braking devices 1k (see Fig. 10), which are reserved, for example, for emergency braking. In the bogie 100 of Fig.1b, conventional braking devices can thus act on the running wheels 9, and braking devices 1 according to the invention can act on the brake wheels 9. Bogies 100 and wheelsets 99 can thus be easily equipped with braking devices 1 according to the invention by providing the wheelsets 99 with one or more brake wheels 9', to which a braking device 1 according to the invention is assigned, while the conventional braking devices continue to act on the running wheels 9. Even with the use of a braking device 1 according to the invention and a braking wheel 9', a high braking effect can be achieved with little effort, so that the load on the conventional braking devices is reduced. However, it is preferable to replace all conventional braking devices with braking devices according to the invention.The running wheels 9 and the brake wheels 9' can have different or similar dimensions, whereby the wheel rim in the area where the friction brake acts is preferably identical. A running wheel 9 can therefore be converted into a brake wheel 9' by removing the wheel flange. Since the brake wheel 9' is only intended to absorb the braking load, but not the load and the braking load, it is subjected to less stress and can be realized with reduced dimensions and weight. Fig. 2a shows a braking device 1 according to the invention in a first preferred embodiment. The braking device 1 is mounted on a wheel 9 of a rail vehicle, for example on a wheel 9 of a bogie. Braking devices 1 according to the invention are preferably provided on several or all wheels 9 of the rail vehicle, for example of a passenger car, a freight car, or a locomotive. Fig. 2b shows the braking device 1 of Fig.2a in a longitudinal section and another optional braking device 1' connected to the wheel 9, which is preferably provided with an actuating device 7 according to Fig. 2a. In this exemplary embodiment, the two braking devices 1, 1' are located diametrically opposite one another with respect to the wheel axis x. A wheel 9 can therefore advantageously be equipped with two or more braking devices 1 or more, whereby the braking effect is correspondingly increased. Any wheels 9 of rail vehicles that are made entirely or partially of metal can be equipped with the braking device 1 according to the invention. The wheel 9 of the rail vehicle, which is shown in a sectional view in Fig. 2b, has a wheel hub 91 through which the wheel axis x passes and which is connected to a wheel rim 92 by a wheel disc 93. The wheel rim 92 has a wheel profile on the outside with an end face 921, which preferably includes a wheel flange 922.The friction brake can act on the front surface 921 in any desired zones, for example, on the front surface 921 with or without the wheel flange 922, or even only on the wheel flange 922. The braking device 1 according to the invention comprises, on each side of the wheel 9, an eddy current brake 2A; 2B and a friction brake 3A; 3B, each operated by a single mechanical actuating device 7. As shown in SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 Fig. 2b, at least one second braking device 1' can be provided. The actuating devices 7 of all described embodiments of the braking device 1 are connected to a drive device 8, which is controlled by a control unit 10 via control electronics 11. By means of the control unit 10, the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B or the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B and the friction brake 3 according to Fig. 6c or the friction brakes 3A, 3B according to Fig. 2a can be activated according to predetermined operating parameters.At high speeds, braking is typically achieved by means of the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B, and only at low speeds are the friction brake 3 or the friction brakes 3A, 3B typically activated. Operating parameters are fed to the control unit 10 via the communication unit 12 and may already be partially stored within the control unit 10. The control electronics 11 and the communication unit 12 are preferably integrated into the control unit 10. The braking devices 1 according to Fig. 2a and Fig. 3a differ fundamentally in the design of the friction brakes 3 and 3A, 3B, respectively. The eddy current brakes 2A, 2B, however, are interchangeable. The friction brakes 3A and / or 3B according to Fig. 2a are each guided on one side of the wheel 9 against an associated friction rotor 32A, 32B. Each friction stator 31A, 31B is also held by the associated eddy current stator 21A, 21B. The friction brake 3 according to Fig.6a acts with the friction stator 31 on the front side of the wheel rim 92 of a running wheel 9 or a brake wheel 9', 9'', which serves as a friction stator 32. Furthermore, the friction stator 31 is not directly connected to an eddy current stator 21A, 21B, but is held by an actuating arm 74C. The eddy current brakes 2A, 2B of the braking device 1 each comprise an eddy current stator 21A; 21B and an eddy current rotor 22A; 22B, which is connected to the wheel 9, 9', 9'' or integrated into the wheel 9, 9', 9'' and in which the eddy current path is formed. The braking device 1 Fig. 2b comprises eddy current rotors 22A, 22B, which are designed as metal ring plates and are placed concentrically to the wheel axis x on the wheel disc 93 and, for example, screwed in place. Since the wheel disc 93 itself is made of metal, it can also serve as an eddy current rotor 22A; 22B and be shaped as needed. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 Different spacing of the hatched lines symbolizes that the eddy current rotors 22A; 22B can also have two or more rotor parts 221, 222, which are connected to one another and / or to the wheel disc 93 by connecting means, such as connecting screws or mounting screws 225. The rotor part 221, which lies directly against the wheel disc 93, is preferably made of high-quality ferromagnetic steel. The second rotor part 222, which lies on the outside of the first rotor part 221 and is screwed to the first rotor part 221 or preferably to the wheel disc 93, is preferably made of another metal or alloy, preferably nickel silver, nickel-silver, aluminum, or stainless steel.The eddy current stators 21A, 21B, which are designed as permanent magnets or contain permanent magnets 21B, are held by the actuating device 7 and can be guided against the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B to activate the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B, and can be guided back again to deactivate the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B. The eddy current stators 21A, 21B are designed as circular ring segments and preferably have a diameter that approximately corresponds to the width of the plates of the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B. After the activation of the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B, eddy currents form across the entire cross-section of the eddy current stators 21A, 21B while the rail vehicle is traveling, counteracting the movement of the wheel 9, 9', 9''. In a preferred embodiment, the eddy current stators 21A, 21B comprise a plurality of permanent magnets orHard magnets 219 arranged in openings, recesses, or bores 210 of the eddy current stators 21A, 21B. If the recesses 210 are designed as bores, the installation of cylindrical permanent magnets 219 is particularly simple. The permanent magnets 219 can be inserted into the bores 210 and are then held in place by the magnetic force they exert. The permanent magnets 219 can also have a different shape, for example, a cuboid. The permanent magnets 219, which are preferably used with maximum density, can have the same or different magnetic orientations, which change from permanent magnet 219 to permanent magnet 219 by preferably 90° or 180°.In a preferred embodiment, a Halbach array is provided in which the permanent magnets 219 are arranged such that the magnetic flux is almost canceled on one side of the Halbach array, but is intensified on the other side, which faces the associated eddy current rotor 22A; 22B. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23. The magnetization direction of adjacent permanent magnets 219 changes by 90° in the longitudinal direction or along the curved path or circular ring of a row of magnets. The permanent magnets 219 of adjacent lines or circular rings are preferably also offset by 90°. This alternating alignment of the permanent magnets results in a mutual displacement of the magnetic fields, so that the field lines on one side, preferably on the side facing the associated eddy current rotor 22A; 22B, have an increased magnetic flux density.The eddy current rotors 22A, 22B are preferably made of aluminum, stainless steel, nickel silver, nickel-silver, or a similar metal alloy. Nickel silver is a silver-white, shiny alloy of 45%–70% copper, 5%–30% nickel, 8%–45% zinc, possibly with admixtures of trace elements such as lead, tin, or iron. Due to its nickel content, nickel silver is characterized by its particular hardness and corrosion resistance. The friction brakes 3A, 3B of Fig. 2b each comprise a friction stator 31A; 31B and a friction rotor 32A; 32B each connected to the wheel 9. The friction rotor 32A; 32B is ring-shaped and mounted on the wheel hub 91 of the wheel 9. The friction stator 31A; 31B is positively and / or non-positively connected to the front side of the associated eddy current stator 21A; 21B. Relatively, a part of the wheel hub 91 can also form the friction rotor 32A; 32B.Preferably, the friction stator 31A; 31B is positively connected, for example, by a dovetail joint, to the eddy current stator 21A; 21B. When the eddy current stators 21A, 21B move toward the wheel hub 91, the friction stators 31A, 31B are moved along, so that in a first step, the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B are activated, and in a second step, when the friction stators 31A, 31B impact the friction rotors 32A, 32B, the friction brakes 3A, 3B are activated. The eddy current brakes 2A, 2B and the friction brakes 3A, 3B are thus actuated by the same actuating device 7, which is why only a small amount of space is required, and one wheel 9 can also advantageously be equipped with two braking devices 1, 1'. The actuating devices 7 of all braking devices 1 according to the invention can be designed the same or differently and optionally include SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 a guide device 6A, 6B by means of which the eddy current stators 21A, 21B can be moved into a braking position, in which they interact with the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B, and back into a reset position, in which the eddy current stators 21A, 21B are decoupled from the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B. In the embodiment of the braking device 1 according to Fig. 2b, the guide devices 6A, 6B, which are preferably designed as guide rails, each have a control cam 60 into which a guide element 212 projects. This guide element is connected to the associated eddy current stator 21A; 21B by a guide flange 211 and is displaced along the control cam 60 when the eddy current stator 21A; 21B is displaced. In this exemplary embodiment, the control cam 60 is at least approximately Z-shaped and has two straight control sections S1, S3, which are connected to one another by an obliquely running control cam section S2.In the first control cam section S1, the eddy current stators 21A, 21B are displaced parallel to the wheel 9 against the wheel hub 91. In the second control cam section S2, the eddy current stators 21A, 21B are displaced against the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B until they are separated from them only by the narrowest possible air gap. During the displacement in the third control cam section S3, during which the interaction between the eddy current stators 21A, 21B and the eddy current rotors 22A, 22B is maintained, the friction stators 31A, 31B are guided against the wheel hub 91 and thus against the friction rotors 32A, 32B, and the friction brakes 3A, 3B are actuated. The eddy current stators 21A, 21B of the braking device 1 of Fig. 2a are pivotally connected by a drive flange 213 and a coupling bolt 214 to actuating arms 74A, 74B, which are pivotally connected to coupling arms 73A, 73B held by a drive ring 84.The drive ring 84 is axially displaceable along a guide piston or an actuating element 83, optionally a drive spindle, and is coupled to a drive device 8. When the drive ring 84 is displaced, the eddy current stators 21A, 21B and the friction stators 31A, 31B are displaced. The drive device 8, preferably electrically, hydraulically, or pneumatically driven, comprises a drive element 81, for example an extendable piston or an extendable and rotatable drive shaft or drive spindle. By means of the drive element 81, the SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 actuating device 7 is actuated or the drive ring 84 is displaced, which can be done in different ways. The drive ring 84 can be displaced along the guide piston 83 by the extendable piston 81 of the drive device 8.If the guide piston 83 is designed as a drive spindle, the drive ring 84 can be displaced by rotating the drive spindle 83. The drive shaft 81 of the drive device 8 is therefore coupled to the drive spindle 83, after which the drive ring 84 can be moved back and forth by actuating the drive device 8. In conjunction with the drive device 80, braking devices 1 according to the invention in all embodiments can also have return elements 77, by means of which the friction stator and the eddy current stators can be returned, for example, from the braking position to the return position. Fig. 2b shows two return springs 77, which are compressed and loaded against a stop A when the drive ring 84 is displaced, so that they can return the drive ring 84 as soon as the drive device 8 is no longer active. Fig.Figure 2b further schematically shows separating elements 20, which shield and / or protect the eddy current stators 21A, 21B in the reset position. The separating elements 20 can be made of plastic, metal, or a combination thereof. Figures 3a-3c, 4a-4c, and 5a-5f show the braking device 1 in an embodiment with a friction brake 3, whose friction stator 31 is displaceable against the wheel rim 92 or the end face 921 of the wheel 9, 9', 9'', of a running wheel 9, for example, according to Figure 2a, of a brake wheel 9', for example, according to Figure 9, or of a brake wheel 9'', for example, according to Figure 11a. The actuating device 7 and the drive device 8 are shown as examples and serve to displace the at least one eddy current stator 21A, 21B and the friction stator 31 radially to the wheel axis x or inclined thereto, so that the friction stator 31 and the friction rotor 92, 32 can engage with each other correctly, preferably evenly over the entire surfaces.However, just as in the braking device 1 of Fig. 2a, any desired drive devices 8 and any desired actuating devices 7 can be provided. Since in the braking device 1 of Fig. 6a the at least one eddy current stator 21A, 21B and the friction stator 31 are linearly displaced, a drive device 8 having a movable piston 81 can advantageously be provided. In Fig. 3a, the eddy current stators 21A, 21B are still held in a parking space, protected by a preferably provided separating element 20A, 20B. The separating elements 20A, 20B magnetically shield the eddy current stator 21A of the eddy current brake 2A in the reset position and protect it from damaging influences. The eddy current brake 2A and the friction brake 3 are inactive.In the reset position, the eddy current stator 21A is preferably located tightly against the plate-shaped separating element 20A, which covers the side of the eddy current stator 21A facing the eddy current rotor 22A, preferably magnetically insulates it, and protects it from the effects of solid particles and liquids. The separating elements 20A, 20B are preferably made of a diamagnetic material, such as copper. Fig. 3b shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 3a during the displacement of the friction stator 31 and the at least one eddy current stator 21A. It can be seen that the eddy current stator 21A is first coupled to the associated eddy current rotor 22A in order to achieve a braking effect without mechanical friction losses. Fig. 3c shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 3a with the eddy current stator 21A, which is coupled to the eddy current rotor 22A and with the friction stator 31, which is frictionally connected to the friction rotor 32 orthe end face 921 of the wheel rim 92. Also shown are bearing elements 90 of the rail vehicle, by means of which the drive unit 80, optionally an electric motor or a hydraulic or pneumatic drive device, and the transmission lever 88 are held. Also shown are two parallel and spaced-apart drive axes a1, a2. A force exerted by means of the drive sleeve 84 along the first drive axis a1 is transmitted by the transmission lever 88 to the second drive axis a2. Within the transmission path, along which in the described braking device 1 a force is transmitted from the drive device 8 to the friction stator 31, an elastic element, for example a spring, is preferably provided, via which the force is transmitted. In this way, it can be achieved that the pressing force of the SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 friction stator 31; 31A, 31B against the friction rotor 32; 32A, 32B can be increased as desired. By compressing the elastic element, the pressure force can be controlled and easily increased in order to achieve the desired braking effect. Fig. 4a shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 3a from above. Fig. 4b shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 3b from above. Fig. 4c shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 3c from above. Figures 3a, 3b and 3c show that the eddy current stators 21A, 21B and the friction stator 31 are displaced linearly. A control cam can advantageously be dispensed with. Figures 5a-5f show a drive unit 80 with a drive shaft 81, which drives a drive spindle 83 via a gear 82. The drive spindle 83 holds a drive sleeve 84 with an internal thread, which is moved axially forward or backward when the drive spindle 83 rotates.The drive sleeve 84 engages with a coupling pin 85 in a longitudinal slot held in a first lever end piece 881 of a transmission lever 88. The transmission lever 88, which is rotatably held by means of a bearing shaft 86, has a second lever end piece 882 with a longitudinal slot in which a coupling part 73 is held, which connects the actuating arms 74A, 74B of the eddy current stators 21A, 21B and the actuating arm 74C of the friction stator 31 to one another, so that the actuating arms 74C and 74A, 74B can be displaced together radially relative to the wheel 9, 9', 9'' upon rotation of the transmission lever 88. The actuating arms 74C and 74A, 74B are preferably positively guided by a guide device. Fig. 5a shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 3a, viewed from the inside of the wheel 9, 9', 9'' with the actuating arms 74C and 74A, 74B retracted. Fig. 5b shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 5a, viewed from the outside of the wheel 9, 9', 9''. Fig.Fig. 5c shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 5a, viewed from the inside of the wheel 9, 9', 9'', with partially extended actuating arms 74C and 74A, 74B and partially activated eddy current brakes 2a, 2b. Fig. 5d shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 5c, viewed from the outside of the wheel 9, 9', 9''. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 Fig. 5e shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 5a with a view of the inside of the wheel 9, 9', 9'' with fully extended actuating arms 74C and 74A, 74B and activated eddy current brake 2a, 2b and activated friction brake 3. Fig. 5f shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 5e with a view of the outside of the wheel 9, 9', 9''. Fig. 6a and Fig. 7a each show a further braking device 1 according to the invention with a friction brake 3 with a friction stator 31 and with an eddy current brake 2, 2B. The friction stator 31 is displaceable against the wheel rim 92 of the wheel 9, 9', 9'', which serves as a friction rotor 32.The eddy current brake 2, 2B comprises a stator mount 71 with stator mount parts 71A, 71B, of which several eddy current stator segments 21B1, ..., 21Bn are rotatably or pivotably mounted, preferably on each side of the wheel 9, 9', 9''. The eddy current stator segments 21B1, ..., 21Bn are pivotable between a braking position and a reset position by means of the actuating device 7. The actuating device 7 is driven by a drive device 8, which has a drive unit 80 with an extendable piston or an extendable spindle 81. Drives of this type are known as threaded satellite drives, roller screws, planetary roller screws, or linear actuators. A transmission lever 88 is deflected by means of the drive unit 80 or the extendable spindle 81.Any electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic drive devices 80 can be used for the braking devices 1 according to the invention, preferably having a linearly extendable spindle or a linearly extendable piston. The type of drive device 80 is preferably selected taking into account the drive systems or drive media already implemented on the rail vehicle. The transmission lever 88 actuates the actuating device 7 with the actuating levers 74C, 74A, and 74B. The actuating lever 74C actuates the friction stator 31 of the friction brake 3, optionally via a lever mechanism. The actuating levers 74A and 74B actuate the eddy current brake 2 or the eddy current brakes 2A, 2B on both sides of the wheel 9, 9', 9'', optionally via a lever mechanism and a rotating device 75. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 This drive device 8 and actuating device 7 can be used for all of the described braking devices 1. Linear movements and / or rotary movements can be triggered via a lever mechanism from the transmission lever 88 and the actuating levers 74C, 74A, and 74B, as well as an adapted lever mechanism or a lever gear. Rotary movements can be triggered via the lever gear, a lever mechanism, or a gear mechanism. In the eddy current brake 2, 2B of Fig. 6a, the rotary device 75 comprises a gear mechanism. In the eddy current brake 2, 2B of Fig. 7a, the rotary device 75 comprises a lever gear mechanism. The gear mechanism and the lever gear mechanism are described below by way of example with reference to Fig. 8a and Fig. 8b. By means of the actuating device 7 and the rotary device 75, the eddy current stator segments 21B1, ..., 21Bn can be pivoted back and forth between a braking position and a reset position.In Figures 6a and 7a, the eddy current stator segments 21B1, ..., 21Bn are shown in the reset position, in which they have been pivoted away from the associated eddy current rotor 22B and are decoupled from the eddy current rotor 22B while standing perpendicular thereto. Therefore, no eddy currents are generated in the elements of the eddy current brake 2, 2B in the braking position. To optimize the separation between the eddy current stator segments 21B1, ..., 21Bn and the eddy current rotor 22B, a diamagnetic separating layer is preferably pivoted between the eddy current stator segments 21B1, ..., 21Bn and the eddy current rotor 22B in the braking position.Preferably, the eddy current stator segments 21A1, ..., 21An; 21B1, ..., 21Bn are provided on the side facing the associated eddy current rotor 22A, 22B in the reset position with a plate made of diamagnetic material, such as copper, which repels magnetic field lines and decouples the eddy current stator segments 21A1, ..., 21An; 21B1, ..., 21Bn from the eddy current rotor 22A, 22B. Fig. 6a shows that the eddy current stator segments 21B1, ..., 21Bn are pivotally held in the stator mounting parts 71A, 71B of the stator mounting 71 by means of mounting shafts 72. The stator support member 71B is held stationary over a portion of the eddy current rotor 22B and extends over an angular range of approximately 120°. This angular range can be increased to 360° to achieve maximum braking effect. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 By means of the actuating device 7 and the actuating element 74B, a drive part 751 of the rotating device 75 is guided in a circular path around the wheel axis x in order to actuate rotating parts 752 connected to the eddy current stator segments 21B1, ..., 21Bn. For example, the drive part 751 is a rack or a toothed ring, the teeth of which face the rotating parts 752, which are designed as gears, as shown by way of example. The drive part 751 is preferably guided in a guide device 6. In all embodiments of the braking devices 1, guide devices 6, 6A, 6B are therefore preferably provided, by means of which one or more parts of the actuating device 7 are displaceably mounted for moving the eddy current stators 21A, 21B or drive parts 751 and / or the friction stator 31 along a desired guide path.The parts of the actuating device 7, however, can also have sufficient inherent stability or a stable bearing, so that a guide device 6 can be dispensed with in some cases. In all embodiments of the braking devices 1, the elements of the actuating device 7 or the rotatably mounted eddy current stator segments 21A1, ..., 21An, 21B1, ..., 21Bn can optionally be provided with return elements 77 to automatically return them to their starting position. The lever drive of Fig. 7a comprises the actuating lever 74B, which actuates the rotating devices 75, which have a common drive part 751, namely a drive rod, and rotating parts 752 in the form of levers, by means of which the eddy current stator segments 21B1, ..., 21Bn, which are rotatably mounted by means of holding shafts 72, can be pivoted. The eddy current stator segments 21A1, …, 21An, 21B1, …, 21Bn are Fig. 6b shows the braking device 1 of Fig.6a from the other side with the eddy current brake 2, 2A in the braking position, in which the eddy current stator segments 21A1, ..., 21An have been pivoted against the associated eddy current rotor 22A and are aligned parallel to it at the smallest possible distance in a plane. The drive spindle 81 was extended from the drive unit 80 and the transmission lever 88 was rotated counterclockwise, raising the actuating lever 74C of the friction brake 3 and lowering the actuating levers 74A and 74B. During this process, the friction stator 31 was guided against the friction rotor 32, and the eddy current stator segments 21A1, ..., 21An were rotated with their front sides against the eddy current rotor 22A into a plane SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23, which is separated from the eddy current rotor 22A by the smallest possible air gap. Fig. 6c shows the braking device 1 of Fig.6b with the eddy current brake 2, 2A in the reset position, in which the eddy current stator segments 21A1, ..., 21An were pivoted away from the associated eddy current rotor 22A and are aligned perpendicularly thereto at the greatest possible distance. For this purpose, the drive spindle 81 was retracted into the drive unit 80, and the transmission lever 88 was rotated clockwise, whereby the actuating lever 74C of the friction brake 3 was lowered again and the actuating levers 74A and 74B were raised. During this process, the friction stator 31 was moved away from the friction rotor 32, and the eddy current stator segments 21A1, ..., 21An were rotated away from the eddy current rotor 22A. Fig. 6d shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 6a with the eddy current brake 2, 2A in the braking position without the stator holder 71 with the friction stator 31 of the friction brake 3 resting on the friction rotor 32. Fig. 6e shows the braking device 1 of Fig.6b with the eddy current brake 2, 2A in the reset position without the stator holder 71 with the friction stator 31 of the friction brake 3 lifted from the friction rotor 32. Fig. 7b shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 7a with the eddy current brake 2; 2B in the braking position, in which the eddy current stator segments 21B1, ..., 21Bn have been pivoted against the associated eddy current rotor 22B and are aligned in a plane parallel thereto at the smallest possible distance. Fig. 7c shows the braking device 1 of Fig. 7b with the eddy current brake 2, 2B in the reset position, in which the eddy current stator segments 21B1, ..., 21Bn have been pivoted away from the associated eddy current rotor 22A and are aligned perpendicular thereto at the greatest possible distance. Fig.8a shows one of the eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2, which is held by a magnetic holder 753 and rotatable about a holding shaft 72, which is drivable by means of a rotating device 75 designed as a lever joint or gear drive. The rotating device 75 comprises a drive part 751 in the form of a lever, a rack, or a rod with a worm thread. The drive part 751 acts on a corresponding rotating part 752, which is designed as a lever rod, gear, or worm wheel. If the drive part 751 is designed as a lever or rack, the SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 drive part 751 can be axially displaced to rotate the rotating part 752 and thus the associated eddy current stator segment 21A2, 21B2. If the drive part 751 and the rotating part 752 form a worm gear, as shown, the eddy current stator segment 21A2, 21B2 can be rotated by rotating the drive part 751. Fig.Figure 8b shows one of the eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2, which is rotatably held by a holding shaft 72, which can be driven by a rotating device 75, which is designed as a lever joint or gear drive. The holding shaft 72 is guided through the eddy current stator segment 21A2, 21B2 coaxially or axially parallel to the body axis k of the eddy current stator segment and is rigidly connected to it. In this embodiment, eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2 can be aligned close to one another in a plane. It is also shown that several rotating devices 75, which are preferably designed as worm gears, can be driven by a common drive part 751. Figs. 8a and 8b also show return elements 77, by means of which the eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2 can be automatically returned to an end position or central position.This leads to a significant simplification of the actuating device, which subsequently only needs to exert a force in one direction. For example, only a tensile force needs to be transmitted, which is why drive elements 751 in the form of ropes, in particular wire ropes, can also be used, which are deflected via deflection pulleys if necessary. As soon as the tensile force is removed, the eddy current stator segments 21A2, 21B2 are automatically returned. The return elements 77 are, for example, spring elements, such as tension springs or torsion springs. Fig. 9 shows the wheelset 99 of the bogie 100 of Fig. 1b with four braking devices 1 according to the invention, which are assigned to the two running wheels 9 and the two brake wheels 9'. Instead of the braking devices 1 shown, all other described braking devices 1 can be used.The brake wheels 9' differ from the running wheels 9 in this preferred embodiment only by the absence of the wheel flange 922, which has been cut away. Otherwise, the brake wheels 9' are provided with eddy current rotors 22A and / or 22B in the same way, as described with reference to the previously discussed embodiments of the invention. The diameters of the running wheels 9 and the brake wheels 9' are therefore identical, so that the braking devices 1 can be mounted at the same height. This allows for easier assembly of the actuating devices 7 and the driving devices 8, which are operated or operated individually or synchronously. It is possible to actuate all the actuating devices 7 with a reduced number of driving devices 8, for example, with only one driving device 8 or only one drive unit 80. Fig. 10 shows the wheelset 99 of the bogie 100 of Fig.1b with two braking devices 1 according to the invention, which are assigned to the two brake wheels 9'. Symbolically, it is shown that conventional braking devices 1k act on the running wheels 9, each comprising, for example, only one friction brake 3. Also shown is a control unit 10, by means of which the braking devices 1 according to the invention can be activated during normal operation and the conventional braking devices 1k can be additionally activated, for example, for emergency braking or rapid braking. Symbolically, it is also shown that the braking devices 1 according to the invention are operated by only one drive device 8. Fig. 11a shows a wheelset 99, for example a wheelset 99 provided for the bogie 100 of Fig. 1a, with a braking device 1 according to the invention with a brake wheel 9'', which is separate from the wheelset shaft 98 and coupled to the wheelset shaft 98 of the wheelset 99 by a gear 94. Fig. 11b shows the device of Fig.11a from the front. Fig. 11c shows the device of Fig. 11a from the rear. The brake wheel 9'' is not rigidly connected to the wheelset shaft 98, but is spaced from it. The distance between the wheelset axis y and the wheel axis x is greater than the radius of the brake wheel 9'', so that the brake wheel 9'' does not contact the wheelset shaft 98. The braking device 1 is preferably designed identically to the braking devices 1 already described. Typically, the dimensions of the device parts of the braking device 1 are adapted to the dimensions of the brake wheel 9''. The transmission 94 is mounted on the wheelset shaft 98 and comprises transmission elements 942, preferably a gear wheel mounted on the wheelset shaft 98 and a SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 gear wheel mounted on a transmission shaft or drive shaft 961, which are connected to one another by at least one further gear wheel and / or by a strand, for example a chain or a belt.The transmission shaft and the drive shaft 961, which are connected or can be coupled to one another, are preferably held by means of holding devices or bearing devices 101, such as bearing devices 101 of the bogie 100. Likewise, the braking device 1 is preferably held by means of a holding device or bearing devices 101. The braking wheel 9'' is held by a drive shaft 961, which is aligned coaxially with the wheel axis x and which, as shown in this preferred embodiment, is preferably connected to a drive motor 96, whose connecting lines or power supply lines 965 are connected to a controllable power supply device 13. The power supply device 13 can be controlled, for example, by means of the control unit 10 of Fig. 2a or by the vehicle computer.Preferably, at least one coupling device 95 is provided, by means of which the brake wheel 9'' can be coupled to the transmission 94 and / or the motor shaft of the drive motor 96 can be coupled to the transmission shaft or to the drive shaft 961. The motor shaft, however, can also form the drive shaft 961. In the embodiment shown, the drive shaft 961 can be coupled to a transmission shaft 941 of the transmission 94 by the coupling device 95. The transmission shaft 941 is mechanically coupled to the wheelset shaft 98 by gears, chains, or belts. Instead of the braking devices 1 shown, all other described braking devices 1 can be used. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 List of reference symbols 1 braking device according to the invention 1k conventional braking device 10 control unit 100 bogie 101 holding devices 11 drive module 12 communication unit 13 controllable power supply device 19 housing 2; 2A; 2B eddy current brake 20A; 20B separating disc 21A; 21B eddy current stator 21A1, 21A2, …, 21An eddy current stator segments on the outer side of the wheel 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn eddy current stator segments on the inner side of the wheel 210 bore 211 guide flange 212 guide element 213 drive flange 214 coupling bolt 219 magnet 22A; 22B eddy current rotor 221 first rotor part, e.g. steel ring 222 second rotor part, e.g.Nickel silver ring 225 Connecting screws, mounting screws 3; 3A; 3B Friction brake 31A; 31B Friction stator 32A; 32B Friction rotor 6 Guide device 6A; 6B Guide rails 6C Guide plate 60, 60A; 60B Control cam 7 Actuating device 70A; 70B Connecting axis 71 Stator holder 71A; 71B Stator holder parts 72 Holding shafts 73, 73A; 73B Coupling part, coupling parts, coupling arms 74, 74A; 74B, 74C Actuating arms 75 Rotating device SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23 751 Drive part 752 Rotating part 753 Magnetic holder 7531 Holding arm 7532 Holding frame 77 Return element, return spring 79 Coupling bolt 8 Drive device 80 Electric, hydraulic or pneumatic drive unit 81 Drive element, piston, drive shaft 82 Optional gear 83 Actuating element, guide piston, drive spindle 84 Drive ring, drive sleeve 85 Coupling bolt 86 Bearing shaft 88 Transmission lever 881 First lever end piece 882 Second lever end piece 9, 9' Wheel, idler wheel or brake wheel 90 Bearing elements 91 Wheel hub 92 Wheel rim 921 Front surface of the wheel carrier 922 Wheel flange of the wheel carrier 93 Wheel disc 94 Gear 941 Gear shaft 942 Gear elements, transmission means 95 Coupling device 96 Drive motor 961 Motor shaft 965 Power supply cable 98 Wheelset shaft 99 Wheelset SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23.

Claims

1. Braking device (1) for a rail vehicle, which has at least one wheelset (99) with a wheelset shaft (98), coaxial with which a wheelset axis (y) runs, with a wheel (9, 9', 9'') which is directly or indirectly coupled to the wheelset shaft (98) and which is pivotable about a wheel axis (x), with at least one eddy current brake (2A; 2B) which comprises an eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) connected to the wheel (9, 9', 9'') and an eddy current stator (21A; 21B) which is movable relative to the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B), and with at least one friction brake (3; 3A, 3B) which comprises a friction rotor (32; 32A, 32B; 92) connected to the wheel (9, 9', 9'') or integrated therein and a Friction stator (31; 31A, 31B) which is displaceable against the friction rotor (32; 32A, 32B; 92), characterized in that the eddy current brake (2A; 2B) and the friction brake (3;3A, 3B) can be sequentially activated by a single actuating device (7) and a drive device (8) coupled thereto, which can be controlled by means of a control unit (10), that the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) is of one-piece or segmented design and is disc-shaped or annular and is connected to one side of the wheel (9, 9', 9'') in a manner aligned coaxially with the wheel axis (x) or is integrated into the wheel (9, 9', 9''), that the at least one eddy current stator (21A; 21B) is of one-piece or segmented design and is displaceable in the direction of the wheel axis (x) in front of the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) or pivotable in segments against the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B), and that the wheel (9, 9', 9'') is provided with a wheel rim (92) which serves as a friction rotor (32) and which is The wheel axle (x) has a radially outwardly directed end face (921) that serves as a braking surface and against which the friction stator (31) is displaceable. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23; 2. Braking device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a) the wheel (9) is designed as a running wheel for rolling on a rail and the end face (921) is designed as a braking surface and as a running surface, or b) the wheel (9', 9'') is designed as a braking wheel and the end face (921) is designed as a braking surface but not as a running surface, or c) the wheel (9) is designed as a running wheel and is provided with a wheel hub (91) which forms the at least one friction rotor (32A, 32B) or which is provided with the at least one friction rotor (32A, 32B) which has a radially outwardly directed end face (921) with respect to the wheel axis (x), which serves as a braking surface and against which the associated friction stator (31A, 31B) is displaceable.

3. Braking device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that a) the wheel (9') is designed as a brake wheel and is directly connected to the wheelset shaft (98),so that the wheel axis (x) runs coaxially to the wheelset axis (y) of the wheelset shaft (98), or b) that the wheel (9'') is designed as a brake wheel and is connected to the wheelset shaft (98) via a gear (94) or via a coupling device (95) and gear (94) and that the wheel axis (x) runs parallel to the wheelset axis (y) of the wheelset shaft (98) and the distance between the wheel axis (x) and the wheelset axis (y) is greater than the radius of the wheel (9''); or c) that the wheel (9") is designed as a brake wheel and is connected to the wheelset shaft (98) via a gear (94) or via a coupling device (95) and gear (94) and is coupled to a drive motor (96) via a drive shaft, and that the wheel axis (x) runs parallel to the wheelset axis (y) of the wheelset shaft (98), and the distance between the wheel axis (x) and the wheelset axis (y) is greater than the radius of the wheel (9").

4. Braking device (1) according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in thatSBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23, that the at least one eddy current stator (21A; 21B) and the at least one friction stator (31; 31A, 31B) are, on the one hand, directly or indirectly connected to one another and coupled to the drive device (8) by actuating arms (73, 74A, 74B, 74C) of the actuating device (7), and that the at least one eddy current stator (21A; 21B), on the other hand, is held directly or indirectly by the associated actuating arm (74A; 74B) and / or guided by a guide device (6, 6A; 6B) straight or along a curve against the wheel axis (x) and in front of the associated eddy current rotor (22A; 22B), and that the friction stator (31), on the other hand, is held directly or indirectly by the associated actuating arm (74C) and / or guided by the guide device (6, 6A; 6B) straight or along a curve against the Wheel axle (x) and the friction rotor (32). 5.Braking device (1) according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the eddy current stator (21A; 21B) comprises a plurality of eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, ..., 21An; 21B1, 21B2, ..., 21Bn), which are each pivotably held by a stator holder (71, 71A; 71B) and which are pivotable by means of the actuating device (7) between a reset position, in which they are decoupled from the associated eddy current rotor (22A; 22B), and a braking position in which they are coupled to the associated eddy current rotor (22A; 22B).

6. Braking device (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, ..., 21An; 21B1, 21B2, ..., 21Bn) are each held by the stator holder (71, 71A; 71B) by means of a holding shaft (72) and are each pivotable about the associated holding shaft (72) by means of a rotating device (75), wherein the rotating devices (75) are preferably actuated synchronously by the actuating device (7).Braking device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the rotating devices (75) individually or jointly comprise a drive part (751), such as a drive rod or a rack, and a rotating part (752), such as a rotary lever or a gear, wherein the rotating parts (752) are connected to the associated eddy current stator segment (21A1, 21A2, ..., 21An; 21B1, 21B2, ..., 21Bn) and pivotable about the associated holding shaft (72) and from the associated drive part (751), SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.

23. which is coupled to one or more of the rotating parts (752).

8. Braking device (1) according to one of claims 5 - 7, characterized in that a) the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, ..., 21An; 21B1, 21B2, ..., 21Bn) have a body axis (k) and that the holding shafts (72) are guided concentrically or eccentrically to the body axis (k) through the associated eddy current stator segment (21A1, 21A2, ..., 21An; 21B1, 21B2, ..., 21Bn), or b) that the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, ..., 21An; 21B1, 21B2, ..., 21Bn) are each held by a magnetic holder (753), which is each connected to a holding shaft (72), and that the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, …, 21An; 21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn) by the action of the drive part (751) on the holding shafts (72), on the magnet holder (753) or directly on the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, …, 21An;21B1, 21B2, …, 21Bn) are pivotable.

9. Braking device (1) according to one of claims 4 - 7, characterized in that the drive part (751) or the drive parts (751) of the rotating devices (75) of the at least one eddy current stator (21A; 21B) and the at least one friction stator (31; 31A, 31B) are, on the one hand, directly or indirectly connected to one another and coupled to the drive device (8) by actuating arms (73, 74A, 74B, 74C) of the actuating device (7), and that the drive part (751) or the drive parts (751) of the rotating devices (75) of the at least one eddy current stator (21A; 21B) are, on the other hand, directly or indirectly held by the associated actuating arm (74A; 74B) and / or guided by a guide device (6, 6A; 6B) and can be displaced straight or along a curve, and that the friction stator (31) on the other hand held directly or indirectly by the associated actuating arm (74C) and / or guided by the guide device (6, 6A;6B) can be guided straight or along a curve against the wheel axle (x) and the friction rotor (32). SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23; 10. Braking device (1) according to one of claims 1 - 9, characterized in that a) the eddy current stator (21A; 21B) or the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, ..., 21An; 21B1, 21B2, ..., 21Bn) consist of a permanent magnet or preferably comprise cylindrical or cuboid-shaped permanent magnets (219) which are arranged in recesses, openings or bores (210) of a carrier, and / or b) the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) or the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, ..., 21An; 21B1, 21B2, ..., 21Bn) consist of aluminum, stainless steel, nickel silver or an alloy which comprises copper, nickel and / or zinc, and is preferably provided with a protective layer; and / or c) that the segmented eddy current rotor (22A;22B) comprises a first rotor part (221) made of ferromagnetic metal, preferably steel, facing the associated wheel (9', 9''), and an external second rotor part (222) made of aluminum, stainless steel, nickel silver, or an alloy comprising copper, nickel, and / or zinc.

11. Braking device (1) according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the drive device (8) has a drive unit (80) that is operated electrically, hydraulically, or pneumatically, and that has a drive element (81) in the form of a motor shaft, an extendable piston, or an extendable spindle (81), by means of which the actuating device (7) or an adjusting element (83) connected thereto can be driven.

12. Braking device (1) according to one of claims 1-11, characterized in that a) the eddy current stator (21A; 21B) or the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, ..., 21An;21B1, 21B2, ..., 21Bn) and / or the friction stator (31; 31A, 31B) are designed as circular segments or as ring segments; or b) that the eddy current stator (21A; 21B) or the eddy current stator segments (21A1, 21A2, ..., 21An; 21B1, 21B2, ..., 21Bn) and / or the friction stator (31; 31A, 31B) are designed as circular segments or as ring segments which are arranged laterally next to one another SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23; are connected to one another horizontally or which are laterally spaced from one another.

13. Braking device (1) according to one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) is formed by the wheel disc (93) located between the wheel hub (91) and the wheel rim (92) of the wheel (9', 9'') or is an annular disc resting against the wheel disc (93), and in that the friction stator (31A, 31B) encloses the wheel hub (91) as a ring.

14. Braking device (1) according to one of claims 1-13, characterized in that a separating disc (20A; 20B) is provided which at least partially shields the eddy current stator (21A; 21B) in its rest position from the eddy current rotor (22A; 22B) and preferably also from external influences.Rail vehicle, in particular bogie (100), equipped with running wheels (9) or running wheels (9) and at least one brake wheel (9', 9'), the wheel axis (x) of which runs coaxially or at a distance from the wheelset axis (y), at least one of which is equipped with a braking device (1) according to one of claims 1 - 14. 16.Rail vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that a) at least one wheelset (99) is provided which comprises two running wheels (9), to which at least one conventional braking device (1k) or at least one braking device according to one of claims 1 to 14 is assigned, and at least one braking wheel (9'), to which a braking device according to one of claims 1 to 14 is assigned, or b) at least one wheelset (99) is provided which comprises two running wheels (9), to which at least one conventional braking device (1k) or at least one braking device according to one of claims 1 to 14 is assigned, and at least one braking wheel (9'), to which a braking device according to one of claims 1 to 14 is assigned. SBB 22-02 PCT / 14.11.23.

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