Framework blade, kit and method for simplified assembly facade cladding for the insulation of a building

Abstract

The present invention relates to a frame blade (1) for cladding and insulating a facade of a building. Said blade (1) has a set of notches (14) arranged along a lateral edge (12), said notches (14) being configured to allow the nesting, in one of the notches (14) of said blade (1), of one of the notches (14') of another similar blade (1') placed perpendicular to said blade (1), the lateral edges provided with notches (14, 14') of the two blades (1, 1') being placed opposite one another, said nesting allowing the immobilization of said two blades (1, 1') in the plane formed by them and taking place along a trajectory (X) perpendicular to said plane, said blade (1) being configured both to form a crosspiece and an upright of said frame.

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of building facade cladding. The present invention relates more particularly to a facade cladding dedicated to the insulation of buildings, the assembly of which is simplified.

[0002] The present invention relates in particular to the framework of a facade cladding, that is to say the supporting structure of such cladding.

[0003] The present invention relates more particularly to a frame blade for cladding the facade of a building having a simplified shape allowing both compact transport and simplified assembly.

[0004] The present invention also relates to cladding for a facade covering, i.e. the exterior covering of such a covering, and to its fixing to a frame.

[0005] The present invention also relates to a kit for facade cladding comprising such blades and / or such cladding, as well as facade cladding methods using these blades and / or this cladding.

[0006] The present invention will thus find numerous advantageous applications in the design and installation of facade cladding. Prior art

[0007] The Applicant notes that, in the field of building cladding, it is increasingly common to prefabricate the cladding frame before its installation, before fixing it to the building. Such prefabrication corresponds to an “off-site” assembly of the frame, as opposed to an “in situ” assembly corresponding to an assembly directly on the building, or near it.

[0008] The frame forms the load-bearing structure, that is, the internal skeleton of the cladding. The frame is composed of a set of uprights and crosspieces, corresponding to vertical and horizontal slats or bars respectively. In some cases, the frame is composed solely of uprights arranged along the building, without crosspieces to connect them.

[0009] The frame is generally made of wood or metal. The sections used for a wooden frame are commonly 45*145mm. The Applicant notes that, in the context of a thermal rehabilitation of an existing building, the frame is used exclusively to receive insulation and to be covered with cladding, the cladding forming the cladding of the facade. The sections commonly used are thus particularly oversized compared to their actual use. Such oversizing requires additional resources for handling the various elements, increases material costs, and results in a higher carbon impact of the cladding, both due to the material used and additional constraints.

[0010] The assembly of the frame, off-site and on-site, is thus a complex operation, which requires heavy tools, lifting equipment, and qualified personnel.

[0011] In the case of work carried out off-site, once assembled, the frame is transported to its installation site, generally by truck. Due to the shape of such a frame, corresponding to an assembly of uprights and crosspieces, it is extremely bulky compared to the actual quantity of material. The transport of this frame is therefore particularly complex. The Applicant thus submits that a truck transporting conventional frame walls can only transport a very limited number of frame walls, for example only 8 frames corresponding to the quantity necessary to clad two houses of a standard size, corresponding to the ground floor, one floor and the attic.

[0012] The Applicant therefore submits that there is currently no satisfactory alternative solution for carrying out the cladding of a facade, particularly in the context of new insulation and / or thermal rehabilitation, which minimizes the qualified human and material resources required for the assembly, transport and installation of the facade cladding. Summary of the invention

[0013] The present invention aims to improve the current situation described above.

[0014] The present invention aims more particularly to remedy the above drawbacks by proposing a blade, a cladding system and a kit for facade cladding allowing simplified assembly. Such simplification makes this assembly accessible to an individual, and reduces the carbon impact of the construction sector.

[0015] In particular, the present invention is dedicated to the insulation of a facade, that is to say to providing a facade cladding comprising insulating means, in particular in the context of a thermal rehabilitation of a building. The present invention can also be used so as to produce a simple cladding, without any particular impact on the insulation. The present invention can for example be used, with respect to a building having a ground floor and an attic, the attic being already insulated, to provide a first insulated cladding at the ground floor level and a second non-insulated cladding at the attic level, completing the structure and appearance of the first cladding.

[0016] To this end, the subject of the present invention relates in a first aspect to a frame blade for cladding and insulating the facade of a building, the blade having substantially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped extending longitudinally along a first axis defining two longitudinal ends separated by a set of lateral edges of the blade.

[0017] Advantageously, the blade has a set of notches arranged along one of the lateral edges, the notches being configured to allow the nesting, in one of the notches of the blade, of one of the notches of another similar blade placed perpendicular to the blade, the lateral edges provided with notches of the two blades being placed opposite one another, the nesting allowing the immobilization of the two blades in the plane formed by them and being done along a trajectory perpendicular to the plane, the blade being configured both to form a crosspiece and an upright of the frame.

[0018] The blade can be made of any material, for example a wooden, metal or composite material blade.

[0019] Preferably, the blade has a relatively planar shape along the first axis. Those skilled in the art will recognize, for example, that the length and width of the blade define the faces (also called "flat") of the blade, the length and thickness define the (lateral) edges of the blade, and the width and thickness define the tips of the blade, i.e., the longitudinal ends. The lateral edges encompass both the faces and the edges of the blade.

[0020] The notches are also preferably arranged along the side edges of the blade, that is to say that the notches cross the entire thickness of the blade, and partially its width.

[0021] Here we understand that the nesting corresponds to the assembly of two blades, one perpendicular to the other, according to their respective notches. The blades are thus maintained at this angle, so that one of the blades forms an upright and the other blade forms a crosspiece of a frame for the cladding and insulation of a building. When the two blades are assembled, the other blade thus extends along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis, the plane being formed by the first axis and the second axis.

[0022] It is also understood that the assembly of the frame simply corresponds to the nesting of a set of blades into each other, via their notches, so as to form the set of uprights and crosspieces. Such an assembly is extremely simple and does not require any sophisticated mechanical tools or special skills.

[0023] The design of the notches for assembling the blades thus helps to allow a single blade to form both an upright and a crosspiece. It is also understood that the entire design of the blade meets the constraints necessary for an upright and a crosspiece, so that the blade can fulfill each role.

[0024] In particular, the framing blade is here dedicated to the cladding and insulation of a building, that is to say to the creation of a cladding specific to insulation. This design thus results in a specific dimensioning and set of constraints, distinguishing the framing blades according to the present invention from the uprights and crosspieces commonly used for facade claddings having structural functions. As stated previously, such cladding may also, in certain cases, be devoid of insulation. Naturally, the non-provision of insulation does not result in additional structural stress on the framing blades.

[0025] The Applicant further submits that this design makes it possible to limit the uprights and crosspieces to their functions of carrying insulation and cladding material. This design is therefore particularly suitable for the manufacture of facade cladding requiring, at most, only these two elements, particularly during the thermal renovation of a building.

[0026] Thanks to the present invention, the assembly of the frame is extremely simplified and can be carried out In Situ as well as Off-Site, directly on or near the façade. As a result, the frame does not need to be transported assembled over long distances, the blades can be transported in a more compact manner, i.e. in greater numbers and / or in lighter vehicles. The tooling, personnel and transport constraints associated with the cladding of a façade are therefore greatly reduced.

[0027] In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the blade is further provided with a first set of fixing holes configured for receiving means for fixing the cladding and the facade insulation.

[0028] Such holes correspond, for example, to through or non-through holes. The fixing means correspond, for example, to pins, fishplates, or any other fixing means known to those skilled in the art and used in the field.

[0029] Preferably, the holes are arranged along the flats of the blade, as defined above, so that, when a plurality of blades are assembled together, the holes are arranged on the lateral faces, left-right or top-bottom, of the blades forming uprights and crosspieces. Optionally, the holes are also arranged along the ends of the blade. This design also allows the arrangement of fixing means at the ends of the frame, as well as the end-to-end assembly of two blades, for example via dowels.

[0030] It is also understood that, when the blades are made of a relatively soft material, for example wood, the fixing means can be screwed directly onto the blade, without requiring prior holes. The placement of holes can, however, still be useful in such a case, as an aid in positioning the fixing means.

[0031] It is further possible to make the assembly between two slats, and by extension the frame in general, more solid by fixing brackets in the fixing holes, each bracket being fixed to two nested slats. In other words, the first set of fixing holes is also configured to receive assembly means between the slat and another nested slat.

[0032] In an embodiment that can be combined with the previous embodiment, the blade is provided with a second set of fixing holes configured to receive means for adjusting the depth of the notches.

[0033] The first set and the second set of fixing holes are for example merged into a single set of fixing holes, the different means being able to be freely fixed on various fixing holes of the blade, according to their design and the different advantages of the position of the fixing holes. Alternatively, the first set and the second set of fixing holes correspond to holes arranged in very distinct positions of the blade.

[0034] Such adjustment means correspond for example to any means forming a stop for the interlocking of the notches of two blades, for example a pin assembled with the fixing holes and extending through the notches.

[0035] It is understood that such means for adjusting the depth of the notches make it possible not to push the blades completely into each other. Each blade has, for example, a lateral edge opposite the lateral edge provided with the notches, the adjustment means being arranged so that, when another similar blade is nested in the blade, the lateral edge provided with the notches on one of the blades is offset relative to the opposite lateral edge on the other similar blade and vice versa.

[0036] In other words, when the slats provided with adjustment means are nested to form a set of uprights and crosspieces, the front (or rear) flank of the uprights has a spacing with respect to the front (or rear) flank of the crosspieces, the concept of front (or rear) flank being taken into account in the arrangement of a facade cladding, the front extending from the facade, and the rear approaching the facade. Thus, depending on whether a stop is installed or not, the flanks are arranged in the same plane or in different planes. In other words, the slats nest together along a trajectory perpendicular to the plane formed by the slats, that is to say along a third axis perpendicular to the first axis and the second axis. When they are nested, the blades have, in relation to each other, an offset along this third axis caused by the adjustment means, in particular between a lateral edge of one blade and the opposite lateral edge of the other blade.This design allows for ventilation space to be maintained or not via the recessed front sides. This design also allows for the installation, in the frame, of insulation with a thickness additional to that of the slats. The same slat can therefore be adapted to form a frame of variable thickness, depending on the needs and constraints of the facade to be dressed and / or insulated.

[0037] Preferably, the fixing holes, in particular the fixing holes of the second set of fixing holes, are at least partially arranged between the notches.

[0038] This design thus makes it easier to accommodate means for adjusting the depth of the notches, for example by assembling a stop with two fixing holes arranged on either side of a notch.

[0039] In a particular embodiment, the notches are uniformly distributed along said first axis.

[0040] This design also simplifies assembly between the slats, without requiring any specific orientation or order in the assembly. A high number of uniformly distributed notches allows both the uprights and crosspieces to be precisely positioned in relation to the facade, by selecting the notches arranged in the correct dimensions, and to facilitate the assembly work, the notches serving as a guide.

[0041] Preferably, the fixing holes are also uniformly distributed, so as to also allow relatively free placement of the fixing means, and by extension the facade cladding and insulation parts.

[0042] In an additional embodiment, the blade has a thickness of less than 4.5 centimeters, preferably between 1 and 2 centimeters, the notches being arranged on the edge of the blade.

[0043] It is understood here that the thickness of the blade corresponds to its smallest dimension, the notches being arranged according to the thickness of the blade, on the side edges. A thickness of less than 4.5 cm is thus less than that of the wooden or metal frames of the prior art.

[0044] The Applicant submits that this thickness makes it possible to optimize the mechanical strength of the frame formed by the assembly of the slats, in particular for a facade with a height of between 3 and 5 meters, while minimizing their weight and volume for reduced bulk during their transport and assembly. Reduced weight slats also make it possible to simplify the lifting of an assembled frame, or of a cladding or a portion of a facade cladding including the slats.

[0045] In yet another embodiment, the blade has a maximum length of 5 meters.

[0046] Preferably, the blade has a length of between 3 and 5 meters.

[0047] It is understood here that a limited length allows simplified transport of the blades, which can be transported in a light vehicle or trailer without requiring a dedicated heavy goods vehicle. A length of approximately 3 meters remains an appropriate dimension for cladding the facade of a dwelling, an upright being able to be used to cladding an entire floor. Similarly, a length of approximately 5 meters is suitable for cladding the facades of buildings in the tertiary sector, particularly offices.

[0048] A plurality of adjacent slats, for example crosspieces, may be assembled together via fixing means, for example fishplates, dowels, legs or brackets, assembled on the fixing holes as described above.

[0049] According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a kit for cladding and insulating a facade of a building, the kit comprising a set of blades according to the first aspect of the present invention, the blades being configured to form a set of crosspieces and uprights of a framework of the cladding and facade insulation.

[0050] It is understood here that the kit comprises a plurality of blades capable of fitting into each other so as to form the crosspieces and the uprights.

[0051] The assembly of the blades thus forms a light framework which can be used as a support for insulation and facade cladding, in particular for insulation materials and cladding.

[0052] Of course, the kit may include a plurality of additional elements necessary for the installation of the cladding and facade insulation. It is also understood that minimizing the number of separate elements simplifies assembly, manufacturing and transport. Such additional elements correspond, for example, to constituent elements of the cladding and facade insulation or to tools used for the installation of the facade cladding.

[0053] In a particular embodiment, the kit further comprises a set of means for adjusting the depth of the notches in the blades.

[0054] It is understood that such means correspond to the depth adjustment means described with regard to the first aspect of the present invention. Preferably, the blades are configured to receive such depth adjustment means according to the fixing holes as described above. The fixing of the adjustment means may vary depending on their specific design, as well as the nature of the blades. It is therefore, for example, also possible for the adjustment means to be fixed directly to wooden blades, without a prior hole, or for the adjustment means to include their own fixing means, for example clamping means on the blades.

[0055] In one embodiment, the kit further comprises a set of rails configured to be fixed to the facade, the rails being provided with brackets configured to receive the uprights.

[0056] It is understood here that the reception of the uprights by the rail brackets allows the facade cladding to be fixed to the building. The rail brackets correspond to parts extending substantially perpendicularly from the rails and forming a support point. The rails are for example configured to extend across the width of the facade, the brackets extending substantially perpendicularly from the facade.

[0057] The rails are made, for example, of aluminum, or any other light and solid material allowing the reception of the uprights, and by extension of the facade cladding.

[0058] Preferably, the kit further comprises a first compression insulator sized to be fixed to the facade between the rails.

[0059] In addition to its thermal insulation functions, compression insulation can compensate for imperfections and protrusions in the facade, such as moldings, so as to present a substantially flat profile.

[0060] The compression insulation is preferably sized to be installed within the thickness of the rails, i.e., so that when the compression insulation and rails are fixed to the façade, the compression insulation does not extend beyond the rails. This design ensures that the compression insulation does not collide with the rest of the cladding, including the studs and rails.

[0061] The compression insulation is, for example, dimensioned with respect to a specific height and / or width, i.e. specifically with respect to a type of facade, for example also taking into account openings for windows or doors. According to another variant, the compression insulation has given maximum dimensions and is configured to be cut to the desired dimensions, so as to adapt it to the dimensions of the facade.

[0062] The kit may additionally include means for securing the compression insulation, for example, securing rosettes configured to be regularly arranged on the surface of the compression insulation.

[0063] We understand here that the use of compression insulation remains optional, and that all the elements of the kit can be installed on the wall without compression insulation.

[0064] In another embodiment, the kit comprises a first set of brackets configured to be fixed to the facade and to receive the uprights or crosspieces. Preferably, each bracket of the first set is configured to be fixed on the one hand to the facade, and on the other hand to an upright.

[0065] It is understood here that the first set of brackets forms an alternative to the rails described above. The uprights are thus either fixed on rails, which are fixed on the facade, or fixed on brackets, which are fixed on the facade.

[0066] In yet another embodiment, the kit includes a second set of brackets configured to secure the uprights and crosspieces together.

[0067] In other words, each bracket in the second set is configured to be fixed on the one hand to a stud, and on the other hand to a crosspiece, preferably to a crosspiece nested on the stud. This design allows the frame to be reinforced. This design optionally allows adjacent, but not nested, studs and crosspieces to be connected to each other, depending on their arrangement on the facade.

[0068] In a particular embodiment, the kit further comprises: a set of second insulators configured to be placed between the uprights and the crosspieces at least partially over the thickness of the frame; and a set of fixing claws configured to be hooked to the uprights and to hold the second insulators in position.

[0069] It is understood here that, when the uprights and crosspieces, that is to say the slats, are assembled together, the uprights being perpendicular to the crosspieces, these form a set of spaces or "boxes" of substantially rectangular shape. The second insulators are then placed inside each space.

[0070] The dimensions of the second insulators may be predetermined, for example based on a predefined center distance between each upright and each crosspiece. According to another variant, the second insulators are packaged in one or more blocks of given dimensions, and capable of being cut according to the dimensions of the spaces between the slats, in particular when the center distance varies between the different uprights and crosspieces of the frame. Second insulators of approximately 15 cm thickness are preferably provided.

[0071] The thickness of the frame corresponds, for example, at least to the width of the slats as defined above, optionally increased by the distance by which the lateral edges of the slats are offset from each other. The thickness of the second insulators is thus, for example, determined so that the second insulators do not extend beyond the thickness of the frame.

[0072] The fixing claws correspond, for example, to bracket-shaped parts, configured to be fixed to the side edges of the uprights or crosspieces, in particular via the fixing holes, and to extend, at the level of the front face of the uprights or crosspieces, towards the inside of each space.

[0073] It is further understood that the fixing claws can be attached to other means themselves fixed to the uprights. Several elements are for example superimposed at the same fixing hole of an upright, depending on the exact assembly.

[0074] Optionally, additional means of fixing the second insulators are provided, for example cables configured to be attached to the notches or fixing holes, and passing through the spaces so as to block the movement of the second insulators.

[0075] The second insulators may be made of flexible, semi-rigid or rigid materials without specific restrictions, provided that the associated fixing means are suitable for holding them in position.

[0076] In a specific implementation mode, the kit further includes: a set of panels configured to form a cladding for the facade cladding; and a set of brackets for fixing the panels.

[0077] Cladding here corresponds to the facade covering of the cladding, in particular in order to protect the facade from rain as well as to define the aesthetic appearance of the facade. The panels can thus be made of a plurality of materials, for example treated wood for waterproofing, metal or a composite material.

[0078] For example, the panels have a line creating a drip-break in the lower part, when they are installed as cladding. The panels are for example configured to be arranged horizontally along the facade, the line creating a drip-break being arranged along the flat of the panels, near one or more side edges.

[0079] The fixing brackets correspond to parts configured to receive and hold the panels in order to create the cladding. The fixing brackets are fixed to the frame, preferably attached to the uprights, for example via pins, so that the panels extend parallel to the crosspieces. In particular, panels arranged horizontally can be held in position by the fixing brackets simply by gravity. The assembly is then greatly simplified, the panels only having to be placed or slid onto the fixing brackets. The Applicant further submits that holding the panels on top of each other by gravity prevents the cladding from being dismantled without tools. In other words, the superposition of the panels forms an assembly that is sufficiently robust to prevent simple manual disassembly. This design thus guarantees both simplified assembly without tools while protecting the final cladding from damage.

[0080] Advantageously, the fixing lugs and the panels are configured so that, when the panels are assembled with the fixing lugs to form the cladding, the panels are arranged adjacent to each other, each end of one panel being covered by another end of an adjacent panel.

[0081] It is understood here that the adjacent panels partially overlap each other. Obviously, a panel placed at the end of the cladding may not overlap or be overlapped by another panel. Preferably, panels are provided extending horizontally, parallel to the crosspieces, and arranged so that the lower end of an upper panel overlaps the upper end of a lower panel. This design thus makes it possible to form, in other words, a mechanical overlap of the panels, preferably a mechanical overlap over the height. Such a mechanical overlap makes it possible to prevent any water infiltration, without resorting to a rain screen. Such a rain screen, as known to those skilled in the art, is indeed a complex part to install.

[0082] On the contrary, installing panels that overlap each other is simpler to implement and does not require any particular skills.

[0083] Preferably, the fixing lugs are configured to be attached to the uprights, each fixing lug being provided with two slots for receiving the panels arranged along two opposite lateral edges of the fixing lugs, each fixing lug extending in a substantially longitudinal direction and each slot extending obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction.

[0084] The receiving slots are then arranged substantially obliquely to the vertical, so as to receive an upper end of a lower panel and a lower end of an upper panel. The panels are then held simply by gravity in the fixing lugs, and mechanically overlap in height.

[0085] For example, the mounting brackets are sized so that when the mounting brackets are attached to the uprights, the receiving slots are offset from the uprights, allowing ventilation between the uprights and the panels. In other words, the mounting brackets maintain a gap between the uprights and the panels, allowing air circulation.

[0086] It is further understood that, according to other variants, the frame receives traditional cladding as known to those skilled in the art, in particular cladding provided with a rain screen. The kit may thus comprise such traditional cladding. It is thus provided, in such an example, that the frame receives plates fixed to the side of the slats so as to receive traditional cladding comprising a rain screen in the face of the edges, vertical lathing fixed to the plates, and cladding arranged directly on the lathing or on counter battens.

[0087] In yet another embodiment, the kit further comprises a set of finishing sheets for sealing the facade cladding, the sheets having a plurality of grooves extending transversely to a length of the sheets, the grooves being configured to allow the folding and / or cutting of the sheets along one of the grooves.

[0088] Here we understand that the sheets allow to complete the cladding and ensure its watertightness, in particular on the ends of the structure or at the windows. The sheets thus allow to create a coping in the upper portion, an anti-rodent grid in the lower portion, corner junctions or window splays, etc. The sheets also have, for example, a return forming a drip breaker in the external part, so as to complete the watertightness of the facade.

[0089] The grooves thus make it possible to adapt the length and / or shape of the sheets without requiring specific tools or skills, in order to adapt the shape of the finishes to the shape of the building. For example, the grooves are arranged regularly along the sheet, for example every 5 centimeters.

[0090] The sheets are, for example, fixed to the crosspieces using fishplates or any other fixing means known to those skilled in the art. For example, angles are provided configured to be arranged on an internal portion (i.e. opposite the facade) of the sheets so as to allow the sheets to be fixed to the rest of the structure.

[0091] In another implementation mode that can be combined with the previous modes, the kit is packaged in the form of a block with a maximum length of 5 meters.

[0092] As stated above, a maximum length of 5 meters is suitable for cladding a facade, with one upright being able to be used to clad an entire floor, and adjacent crosspieces being able to be joined, in particular, via fishplates and / or dowels. More specifically, a length of approximately 3 meters is suitable for cladding a residential facade. Similarly, a length of approximately 5 meters is suitable for cladding the facades of buildings in the tertiary sector. The block preferably has a length of between 3 and 5 meters.

[0093] Packaging the kit in the form of a pack of reduced dimensions makes it much easier to transport, by ensuring that a kit can be transported by a light vehicle or trailer, or that a larger quantity of kits can be transported by a truck. The packaging of the kit can be further optimized by providing dimensions that are multiples of each other, so as to facilitate storage and transport. The Applicant submits in particular that the kit can be packaged in such a way that a truck can transport 20 times more kits than assembled frames, or in other words that the kit is packaged in a volume at least 20 times smaller than that of an assembled frame.

[0094] According to a third aspect, the present invention relates to a set of panels configured to form a cladding of the facade cladding, and a set of fixing lugs for said panels, the fixing lugs and the panels being configured so that, when the panels are assembled with the fixing lugs to form the cladding, the panels are arranged adjacent to each other, each end of a panel being covered by another end of an adjacent panel.

[0095] It is understood here that the third aspect of the present invention relates to a set of panels and fixing brackets as described with respect to the second aspect of the present invention. The same details of embodiment, characteristics and advantages described above with respect to the set of panels and fixing brackets are also applicable with respect to the third aspect of the present invention.

[0096] Such a set of panels thus makes it possible to provide a simple solution for producing cladding for a facade covering, which can be assembled to a frame formed from the slats according to the first aspect of the present invention, or to any other frame known to those skilled in the art. In particular, this set of panels can also be assembled to a heavier frame in projects presenting additional structural constraints, or to a frame comprising only uprights, without crosspieces, as known to those skilled in the art.

[0097] Such a set of panels and fixing brackets may also be packaged in the form of a kit, in particular a kit comprising other additional elements necessary for mounting the facade cladding. This set of panels and fixing brackets may also be integrated into a variety of other kits for producing cladding, for example kits for mounting a complete cladding of a facade, or even a kit for mounting a facade itself. In particular, the kit may comprise the elements described with regard to the second aspect of the present invention. It is clearly understood here that, when said elements require the presence of uprights and / or crosspieces, a kit incorporating these elements is suitable for a cladding whose frame has such uprights and / or crosspieces.

[0098] According to a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for directly installing a facade cladding on a wall using a kit according to the second aspect of the present invention, in which a scaffolding platform is temporarily assembled with some of the notches of the uprights fixed to the facade, the facade cladding being partially installed from the platform and then completed once the platform has been removed from the uprights.

[0099] This first type of assembly is intended for individuals, with a particularly simplified assembly requiring no specialized tools or skills, for buildings whose size is limited to a ground floor not requiring scaffolding. As stated above, this process is particularly advantageous for the installation of a cladding provided with insulation, but can also be used for the installation of a cladding without insulation.

[0100] It is understood here that the wall installation method comprises a plurality of steps corresponding to the installation of the various constituent elements of the kit, and optionally additional elements not included in the kit and used for cladding and / or facade insulation. The kit corresponds, for example, to an assembly comprising at least the slats so as to create the framework, all or part of the other elements being supplied separately from the kit.

[0101] In particular, this direct wall installation process corresponds to a process in which the different elements of the cladding and / or facade insulation are assembled directly on the wall, without requiring prior assembly.

[0102] The installation of a scaffolding platform on the uprights provides easy access to the upper portions of the facade. It is understood that the uprights are arranged to receive the crosspieces according to their notches, that is to say that the notches of the uprights are arranged so as to present horizontal alignments. The platform can therefore be assembled, in the manner of a crosspiece, according to one of these horizontal alignments.

[0103] The platform is, for example, additionally equipped with metal rods forming corbels to stiffen it, or equipped with feet. A platform installed at a maximum height of one meter allows access to approximately 3 meters, corresponding to the average height of the eaves of a single-family house comprising a ground floor and attic. The upper portion of the cladding can therefore be installed from the platform, without requiring dedicated scaffolding or specialized equipment. The lower portion of the cladding can then be installed after removing the platform.The upper portion of the cladding corresponds, for example, to the part of the cladding located above the platform, or to any part of the cladding that is easily accessible when the platform is assembled on the uprights, for example also including lateral portions of the cladding or by removing parts of the cladding that are too close to the platform and difficult to access from the platform. The lower portion of the cladding thus corresponds to the remaining portion of the cladding, once the upper portion has been installed.

[0104] This design allows the installation of the facade cladding of a building, by directly assembling all the parts on the facade, up to a height of 3 meters, and without requiring specialized tools or qualified personnel. The installation of the cladding is therefore greatly simplified, and can be carried out by an individual.

[0105] According to another variant, it is possible to consider the direct installation of the cladding at higher heights, in particular by planning the addition of stairs and / or railings on one or more levels.

[0106] According to a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for indirectly installing a facade cladding on a wall using a kit according to the third aspect of the present invention, the method comprising a projection of the facade onto an offset platform, the facade cladding being assembled on the offset platform according to the projection, then installed on the facade by lifting.

[0107] By remote platform, we mean here any support on which the facade cladding can be assembled, separate from the facade for which the cladding is dedicated. Such an remote platform could for example correspond to a platform of a flatbed truck, close to the facade, or in a separate workshop, for example in the absence of space close to the facade.

[0108] It is understood here that this design corresponds to an assembly of the facade cladding, in particular of the frame from the blades according to the first aspect of the invention, separately from the facade, before its installation and fixing on the facade.

[0109] This design is particularly suitable for installing cladding on large facades, for which direct assembly on the facade would be complex and / or dangerous. Assembly on a remote platform always avoids transport constraints, by assembling the cladding as close as possible to the facade before installation. While such an assembly remains more restrictive than direct installation on the wall, it still requires simpler tools than previously due to the design of the slats. This second type of assembly is intended for professionals, with comparatively simplified assembly, for any building size, particularly for a building with several levels and requiring lifting equipment and the installation of scaffolding. As stated above, this process is particularly advantageous for installing cladding with insulation, but can also be used for installing cladding without insulation.

[0110] The projection of the facade is, for example, carried out at least partially using rulers equipped with lasers, allowing for precise transfer of the dimensions of the facade, in particular the width and position of each desired subdivision, for example the total width of the facade, the width of the windows and doors. The cladding is therefore assembled precisely directly before installation, respecting the dimensions of the facade.

[0111] Thus, through the various functional and structural technical characteristics above, the Applicant proposes a blade for facade cladding, as well as a kit for facade cladding and associated installation processes, allowing simple assembly of the facade cladding frame, from a minimum of basic elements, requiring little material, optimizing transport, and suitable for `In Situ or Off Site` renovation projects of buildings, by individuals or professionals, in particular in order to improve their insulation and energy efficiency. Description of figures

[0112] Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description of the particular and non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the present invention below, with reference to figures 1 to 19 attached and on which: there figure 1schematically illustrates a framework for a facade cladding according to the prior art; the figure 2 schematically illustrates an axonometric view of a frame blade for cladding the facade of a building, according to a particular and non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the present invention; figure 3 schematically illustrates an axonometric view of an imbrication between two blades conforming to the figure 2 ; there figure 4 schematically illustrates the transport of a plurality of facade cladding kits comprising a set of blades conforming to the figure 2 , said kits being packaged in the form of a block; the Figure 5 schematically illustrates a facade of a building receiving rails and a first compression insulator, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; the figure 6 schematically illustrates a facade conforming to the Figure 5 receiving a set of blades conforming to the figure 2assembled so as to form a set of uprights and crosspieces; the figure 7 schematically illustrates a facade conforming to the figure 6 receiving a set of second insulators; the figure 8 schematically illustrates a facade conforming to the figure 7 receiving a set of fixing brackets, a set of panels forming cladding and a set of sealing finishing sheets; the figure 9 schematically illustrates a detailed view of a facade conforming to the figure 8 ; there figure 10 schematically illustrates a first phase of a process for directly installing a facade cladding on a wall using a set of slats conforming to the figure 2 , according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; the figure 11 schematically illustrates a second phase of a laying process in accordance with the figure 10 ; there figure 12 schematically illustrates a third phase of a laying process in accordance with the figures 10 And11 ; there figure 13 schematically illustrates a fourth phase of a laying process in accordance with the figures 10 to 12 ; there figure 14 illustrates a sequence of steps in a laying process in accordance with figures 10 to 13 ; there figure 15 schematically illustrates a first phase of a process of indirect installation on a wall of a facade cladding using a set of blades conforming to the figure 2 , according to an “off-site” embodiment of the present invention; figure 16 schematically illustrates a second phase of a laying process in accordance with the figure 15 ; there figure 17 schematically illustrates a third phase of a laying process in accordance with the figures 15 and 16 ; there figure 18 illustrates a sequence of steps in a laying process in accordance with figures 15 to 17 ; there figure 19 schematically illustrates a facade of a building receiving a first set of brackets, on which are fixed a set of blades conforming to the figure 2assembled so as to form a set of uprights and crosspieces, the blades receiving a second set of brackets for assembling the uprights and crosspieces, according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Detailed description

[0113] A frame blade for facade cladding and insulation, a kit for facade cladding and insulation, a method for direct installation on a wall and a method for indirect installation on a wall of a facade cladding will now be described in what follows with joint reference to figures 1 to 19 The same elements are identified with the same reference signs throughout the description which follows.

[0114] There figure 1describes a 2' frame for a facade cladding known from the prior art. The 2' frame is composed of a set of uprights 21' and crosspieces 22' assembled together, each upright 21' and crosspiece 22' corresponding to a bar or blade made of wood, metal, or even composite material. The 2' frame thus forms a robust structure to support the facade cladding elements.

[0115] As indicated in the preamble to the description, the frame 2' of the prior art corresponds to a relatively heavy and bulky structure, which can be assembled in a dedicated warehouse before being transported to the site of its installation, i.e. to the facade for which the frame 2' is dedicated. By nature, the frame 2' is mainly hollow, or empty, and its transport is particularly restrictive with respect to the actual quantity of material transported. In addition, such a frame 2' is oversized with respect to certain facade cladding operations, in particular thermal renovation operations, which are mainly aimed at providing a new waterproof and insulating cladding, without any additional function. Even when the frame 2' is assembled directly in situ, the installation of the cladding, in particular the assembly of the frame 2', is a complex operation requiring dedicated equipment and qualified personnel.

[0116] One of the objectives of the present invention is to propose a new type of frame manufacturing element allowing optimization of material, simplified assembly accessible by individuals and significantly reduced transport.

[0117] This is made possible in the examples described below, which consider the installation of cladding and insulation on a plurality of facades using the present invention. It will be understood that these examples are not limiting and in particular that the invention can be adapted to numerous facade geometries, without direct limitation.

[0118] According to the example of figures 2 , 3 And 6, a dedicated blade 1 is provided for producing a frame 2. The blade 1 has substantially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and extends longitudinally along a first axis Z. The blade 1 thus defines two longitudinal ends (or “tips”) 11 and lateral edges 12, 13. In this example, the blade 1 also defines edges 12 and faces (or “flats”) 13. The blade 1 thus has a length along the first axis Z, a thickness along a second axis Y and a width along a third axis X.

[0119] As illustrated in the figures 2 And 3 , the blade 1 also has a set of notches 14 arranged along a lateral edge 12, 13, here along an edge 12. The notches 14 therefore extend along the entire thickness of the blade 1, and along a portion of the length and width of the blade 1. Each notch 14 is configured to allow the nesting, in the blade 1, of a notch 14' of another similar blade 1'.

[0120] There figure 3 thus illustrates two blades 1, 1' nested according to one of their notches 14, 14'. This nesting thus corresponds to an assembly of the two blades 1, 1', in which the lateral edges 12, 13 provided with notches 14, 14' are placed opposite each other, and the blades 1, 1' are oriented perpendicularly to each other. In this example, the blade 1 extends along the first axis Z while the other blade 1' extends along the second axis Y. The nesting thus corresponds to a relative translation of the blades 1, 1' along the third axis X, and locks the movement of the blades 1, 1' along the first axis Z and the second axis Y.

[0121] Therefore, the design of the blade 1 allows it to be assembled with at least one other blade 1', so that the two blades 1, 1' extend perpendicular to each other. The two similar blades 1, 1' being configured for the production of a frame 2, these can then alternately play the role of an upright 21 or a crosspiece 22, as illustrated in the figure 6 . For example, it is considered that the blade 1 forms an upright 21 and that the other blade 1' forms a crosspiece 22 of the frame 2. The two blades 1, 1' being structurally identical, they are interchangeable in these roles. In addition, the interlocking of the blades 1, 1' being done by simple manipulation and translation of the blades 1, 1', it does not require any specialized tool.

[0122] As illustrated in the figure 2, the blade 1 has a plurality of notches 14, so as to be able to receive a plurality of other blades 1' in different positions along the first axis Z. It is advantageously provided that the notches 14 are uniformly distributed along the first axis Z, without variation with respect to the orientation of the blade 1 or the distance from the ends 11. The figure 6 thus illustrates a frame 2 composed of a plurality of uprights 21 and crosspieces 22, each upright 21 being assembled with several crosspieces 22 and vice versa.

[0123] As stated above, the blade 1 is sized to form both an upright 21 and a crosspiece 22, that is to say it is sized to be part of the frame 2, in particular a frame 2 for supporting a facade cladding, comprising insulation means, sealing means and finishes. It is thus expected that the blade 1 has a thickness of less than 4.5 cm, in particular between 1 and 2 centimeters, corresponding to its smallest dimension. It is also expected that the blade 1 has a length of between 3 and 5 meters. Such a length allows the production of an upright 21 of a size adapted to a floor of a building, or even to the total height of a single-story building. In addition, the transport of the blades 1 is simplified by limiting their maximum dimension.

[0124] Additionally, a set of fixing holes 15 ( figure 2) provided on the blade 1. The fixing holes 15 are for example provided on the flats 13 of the blade 1. Alternatively or in addition, the fixing holes 15 can also be provided on the ends 11 of the blade 1.

[0125] The fixing holes 15 thus allow, separately from the notches 14, to receive a plurality of fixing means. The fixing holes 15 allow in particular the assembly of a facade cladding on the frame 2. The fixing holes 15 also allow the assembly of adjacent blades 1, for example by arranging dowels according to the ends 11 or by assembling fishplates on the flats 13. This design makes it possible to ensure that a blade 1 with a maximum length of 5 meters can be used for the cladding of a facade of larger dimensions.

[0126] In this example, the blades 1, 1' are nested together so that their edges (or side edges) 12, 12' are located in the same plane (Y, Z). The notches 14, 14' thus extend substantially along half the width of the blades 1, 1' so as to achieve this alignment. According to a variant, provision is made for the fixing holes 15 to be configured to receive means for adjusting the depth of the notches 14, 14', in particular means forming a stop before the two blades 1, 1' are fully nested within each other. This design results in the edge 12 of the blade 1 being offset relative to the edge 12' of the other blade 1'. When the edges 12, 12' of the blades 1, 1' are offset, the frame 2 has a more irregular profile allowing ventilation to be provided between the uprights 21 and the crosspieces 22.Furthermore, the total thickness of the resulting frame 2 is greater than the thickness of the blades 1, 1', allowing more insulation to be accommodated.

[0127] Optionally, the interlocking of the blades 1, 1' can be reinforced by fixing a bracket on the side edges of the two blades 1, 1'. The bracket is for example fixed on the fixing holes 15. Such an example is described below with regard to the figure 19 .

[0128] It is thus understood that the blade 1 according to the present invention is intended to be used in conjunction with a plurality of other similar blades 1', so as to form a framework 2. Advantageously, a kit is provided comprising a plurality of blades 1, 1'. Such a kit thus corresponds to a predetermined number of blades 1, 1' necessary for the cladding and optionally the insulation of a given surface. Due to the simplicity of assembly of the blades 1, 1', the kit can be directly transported to the installation site, for example by truck, before assembly. As illustrated in the figure 4, this kit can thus be packaged in the form of a block 29 of compact dimensions, in particular with a length of between 3 and 5 meters, just like the blades 1, 1'. A block has for example a format of 3 mx 0.3 mx 0.3m, and can be easily stacked in a transport vehicle. The same truck can thus transport a large quantity of kits for the cladding of a large number of buildings, or a light vehicle can transport one or more kits for the cladding of a specific building, without requiring a truck. The Applicant thus estimates that the same truck sized for the transport of 8 frames 2' of the prior art can then transport up to 160 kits according to the present invention, corresponding to a number 20 times higher of frames 2, and by extension of number of facades and associated buildings.

[0129] Once transported, the kit can thus be used for the cladding and insulation of a facade 4 of a building, for example one of the methods described in the figures 5 to 9 , 10 à 13 , Or 14 à 16 .

[0130] THE figures 5 to 9 thus describe the different stages of a method of installing a cladding 3 on a facade 4, from a set of slats 1, 1' according to the present invention. The slats 1, 1', as well as other elements used during this method, may be part of the kit as described above.

[0131] In a first step illustrated by the Figure 5, a set of rails 23 is fixed to the facade 4. The rails 23 are for example fixed along the upper and lower ends of the facade 4, or else along a distance corresponding substantially to the length of a blade 1. The rails 23 are also provided with consoles 231 for receiving the uprights 21 of the frame 2. It can be seen here that the rails 23 extend substantially horizontally. According to another variant, rails 23 are provided extending substantially vertically, the consoles 231 then being configured for receiving the crosspieces 22.

[0132] Additionally, a first compression insulator 24 is fixed to the facade 4, between the rails 23. The first insulator 24 is for example fixed via a plurality of fixing rosettes 241. Such fixing rosettes 241 pass through the first insulator 24 to attach to the facade 4, and has a flat surface holding the first insulator 24 against the facade 4. As illustrated in the Figure 5 , the first insulator 24 is also adapted to the particularities of the facade 4. The first insulator 24 is for example cut to leave openings corresponding to the windows and / or doors of the facade 4, or more generally to any portion of the facade 4 not intended to be covered by the cladding 3. The first insulator 24 is also advantageously sized so as to be laid in the thickness of the rails 23, that is to say so as not to extend from the facade 4 beyond the rails 23, in particular so as not to block the laying of the framework 2 or any other element on the consoles 231. The first insulator 24 remains optional and its laying can be omitted, depending on the insulation needs, or even depending on the surface area of ​​the facade 4. In particular, in the example of the figure 19 described below, facade 4 is devoid of compression insulation.

[0133] In a second stage illustrated by the figure 6, the uprights 21 and the crosspieces 22 are assembled on the facade 4. As stated above, in this example, the uprights 21 are assembled to the rails 23, for example in a regular manner according to the length of the rails 23. Like the first insulator 24, the blades 1, both for the uprights 21 and the crosspieces 22, are adjusted to the dimensions of the facade 4. The length of the blades 1 is for example adjusted by simple cutting, in particular in the case of wooden blades 1, using a saw. The notches 14 also assist in the cutting of the blades 1, by providing a narrower portion to be cut as well as a reference position along the length of the blade 1. In addition, the support of the blades 1 can also be improved by also providing rails at the openings of the facade 4, for example at the supports and lintels of the facade 4, so as to provide support in the upper and lower portions of each upright 21, even when the latter is cut.

[0134] According to a variant of the Figures 5 and 6 , illustrated in the figure 19 , a first set of brackets 23' is provided, which are fixed punctually on the facade 4. The slats 1 are then fixed on the first set of brackets 23' in order to assemble the slats 1 on the facade 4. In particular, punctually arranged vertical fixings are provided, that is to say several brackets arranged along a vertical axis, so as to form several fixing points for the same upright 21.

[0135] Furthermore, as stated above, the assembly between the uprights 21 and the crosspieces 22 can be reinforced by installing a second set of brackets 23", which are then arranged at the level of the interlocking of the uprights 21 with the crosspieces 22.

[0136] It is understood here that the brackets of the first set of brackets 23' (or first brackets 23'), are sized to be fixed on the one hand to the facade 4, on the other hand to a blade 1, in particular at the level of a fixing hole 15. In addition, it is also possible to size the first brackets 23' to leave a space between the facade 4 and the blades 1, as illustrated in the figure 19 . In parallel, the brackets of the second set of 23'' brackets (or second 23" brackets) are sized to be fixed on the one hand to an upright 21, on the other hand to a crosspiece 22 nested in the upright 21.

[0137] In a third stage illustrated by the figure 7 , a set of second insulators 25 is placed between the uprights 21 and the crosspieces 22. The assembly of the uprights 21 and the crosspieces 22 in fact forms a set of empty spaces ( figure 6), in which the second insulators 25 can be arranged and held in position. Thus, just as the first insulator 24 is placed in the thickness of the rails 23, the second insulators 25 are placed in the thickness of the frame 2. The second insulators 25 have, for example, a thickness of approximately 15 cm. Like the first insulator 24, the second insulators 25 are adapted to the dimensions of the empty spaces, for example so as to respect a defined center distance between each upright 21 and crosspiece 22, or even adapted and cut with respect to the specific shape of the frame 2. The second insulators 25 can be made of a flexible, semi-rigid or rigid material, provided that they can be held in position.

[0138] For this purpose, a set of fixing claws 251 is provided, illustrated in the figures 7 And 9, which are attached to the uprights 21 and hold the second insulators 25 in position. In this example, the fixing claws 251 have a right-angle shape, comprising a first portion attached to the flats of the uprights 21, and a second portion extending orthogonally to the first portion, and extending towards the inside of the empty spaces, that is to say towards the second insulators 25. The fixing claws 251 are for example assembled via the fixing holes 15. The fixing claws 251 then form a stop for the second insulators 25. Obviously, other variants can also be provided, in particular fixing claws 251 assembled to the crosspieces 22 or even fixing claws 251 assembled both to the uprights 21 (and / or to the crosspieces 22) and to the second insulators 25.In this same example, strings (or cables) 252 are also provided, configured to hold the second insulators 25 in position. The strings 252 extend in front of the empty spaces, for example diagonally or in any other orientation, so as to form an obstacle with respect to the second insulators 25. The strings 252 are also assembled to the uprights 21 and / or to the crosspieces 22, for example via the notches 14 and / or the fixing holes 15.

[0139] In a fourth stage illustrated by the figures 8 And 9, a set of panels 26 is assembled on the frame 2. The panels 26 form a cladding of the cladding 3 of the facade 4, that is to say they form the exterior covering of the cladding 3. Such panels 26 can be made of a plurality of materials, for example treated wood or composite material. In this example, the panels are arranged longitudinally along the crosspieces 22 of the frame 2, that is to say so as to extend horizontally. The panels 26 are assembled via fixing lugs 27, which are attached to the uprights 21, in particular via the fixing holes 15, for example using pins.

[0140] There figure 9illustrates in more detail the assembly of the fixing lugs 27 and the panels 26. The fixing lugs 27 thus have a first portion configured to be hooked to the uprights 21, from which extends a second portion for receiving the panels 26. Each fixing lug 27 is then provided with a first receiving slot 271 for a lower end of an upper panel 26, and a second receiving slot 272 for an upper end of a lower panel 26, the two receiving slots 271, 272 being arranged along opposite lateral edges of the fixing lug 27. Each panel 26 is thus held by the upper and lower fixing lugs 27. In particular, as illustrated in the figure 8, the fixing lugs 27 are assembled to a plurality of uprights 21, along the facade 4, thus forming a plurality of support points for the panels 26. The panels 26 are for example assembled with the fixing lugs 27 by sliding them in their longitudinal direction. In addition, the space between the first portion and the second portion of the fixing lugs 27 makes it possible to ensure ventilation between the panels 26 and the rest of the cladding 3.

[0141] Advantageously, the second receiving slot 272 is set back from the first receiving slot 271, and the receiving slots 271, 272 extend substantially obliquely relative to the longitudinal direction of the receiving tab 27, so that the receiving slots 271, 272 of two adjacent receiving tabs 27 on the same upright 21 are opposite each other. Thus, when the panels 26 are assembled with the fixing tabs 27, each panel extends substantially obliquely relative to the vertical, the upper end of the panels 26 is set back from the lower end of the panels 26. In other words, the upper end of the panels 26 is closer to the frame 2, and the lower end of the panels 26 is further from the frame 2.This design results in a mechanical covering of the panels 26 over the height of the cladding 3, which improves the sealing of the cladding, by naturally redirecting the drops towards the outside of the cladding 3.

[0142] In a fifth stage, also illustrated by the figures 8 And 9, a set of finishing sheets 28 are assembled on the frame 2. These sheets 28 ensure the sealing of the cladding 3, in particular according to the thickness of the frame 2. The sheets 28 are thus arranged according to the ends of the cladding 3 not covered by the panels 26. In this example, provision is thus made to arrange a coping according to the upper end of the cladding 3, an anti-rodent grid according to the lower end of the cladding 3, as well as a profile following the angles of the opening in the facade 4 and profiles of supports, lintels and panels at the right of the windows. This set of sheets 28 can also be supplemented by sheets 28 at the lateral ends of the cladding 3. The assembly of the sheets 28 on the frame 2 is for example carried out via fishplates assembled to the uprights 21 and / or to the crosspieces 22.

[0143] The method described above can thus be adapted to a plurality of installation scenarios, depending on the material conditions, the constraints of the facade 4, as well as the personnel available for the installation of the cladding 3.

[0144] The example of figures 10 to 14 thus describes a method of directly installing a cladding 3 of a facade 4 on a wall, using the kit described above, and at least partially repeating the steps of the generic method of figures 5 to 9 . More precisely, the figures 10 to 13 describe in detail different phases of the direct laying process, the figure 14 illustrating the complete sequence of process steps.

[0145] In particular, such a direct installation method can be carried out without requiring specialized equipment, lifting means or scaffolding, and is suitable for the production of a cladding 3 of a facade 4 of approximately 3 meters in height, that is to say a template limited to a ground floor. This method can thus at least partially be carried out by individuals, without specific skills.

[0146] As illustrated in the figure 10, rails 23 are laid along the facade 4, and uprights 21 are assembled on the rails 23. Without scaffolding or lifting means, the rails 23 can be laid up to a maximum height of 2 meters. Advantageously, the rails 23 are laid at the level of the threshold, the supports and the lintels of the facade 4. The uprights 21 can extend over the entire height of the facade 4, that is to say up to approximately 3 meters, without requiring any particular tool. The uprights 21 are arranged regularly, for example at the ends of the facade 4, in alignment with the door and window frames, then in equivalent subdivisions between the uprights 21 already laid. For example, the uprights 21 are arranged so as to ensure a maximum center distance of 60 cm between two adjacent uprights 21.

[0147] Additionally, provision is made for the temporary installation of a platform 5 forming scaffolding, and allowing access to an upper portion of the facade 4. The platform 5 is thus temporarily assembled in certain notches 14 of the uprights 21. It is understood here that the assembly of the platform 5 simply corresponds to its insertion into the notches 14. The platform 5 is also stiffened by metal rods 51, illustrated in the figures 11 and 12 , forming crows. The rods 51 prevent the platform 5 from being unstable due to its cantilevered assembly. According to another variant, the platform 5 is provided with feet in place of the rods 51, allowing direct support on the ground. This design is however more dependent on the external environment.

[0148] The platform 5 thus makes it possible to serve as scaffolding, that is to say as support, for the subsequent operations of installing the cladding 3. Thus, as illustrated in the figure 11, from platform 5, additional rails 23 and uprights 21 are laid, corresponding to the rails 23 and uprights 21 arranged at a height greater than 2 meters and which could not have been laid previously, in particular the rail 23 at the upper end of the facade 4 and the uprights 21 above the doors and / or windows. The length of such uprights 21 can be adapted by cutting, from a standard-sized blade 1.

[0149] The first insulator 24 can then be arranged between the rails 23, for example by sliding behind the uprights 21 or by cutting it into a plurality of strips whose width is defined by the uprights 21 and the length defined by the rails 23.

[0150] One or more of the subsequent steps described in relation to the figures 6 to 8 can then be carried out, in particular from platform 5, for the portion of the covering 3 accessible from this platform 5.

[0151] The sleepers 22 are thus placed on the uprights 21. So that the sleepers 22 extend over the entire length of the facade 4, without requiring a blade 1 of excessively large dimensions, a set of fishplates and / or dowels is provided, for example, to allow the assembly of sleepers 22 arranged at the same height. The same type of fishplate assembly can also be envisaged for the rails 23, in order to limit their length.

[0152] Once the crosspieces 22 have been installed, the second insulators 25, the panels 26, and the sheets 28 can also be installed, on the accessible portion of the cladding, as illustrated in the figure 12 . These elements are for example placed as described with regard to the figures 5 to 9 . In particular, the installation of the sheets 28 includes at least the installation of the coping, at the upper end of the cladding 3.

[0153] Once all the elements in the upper portion have been assembled, the platform 5 is removed, and the rest of the cladding 3 is then also installed, as illustrated in the figure 13 . It is understood here that the exact separation between the elements installed from the platform 5 and the elements installed once the platform 5 has been removed may vary depending on the particularities of the facade 4, the exact position of the platform 5, and the relative ease of access to each element. However, there is no particular difference, structural or in terms of installation means, between the part of the cladding 3 installed from the platform 5 and the part of the cladding 3 installed once the platform 5 has been removed. Once the platform 5 has been removed and the rest of the cladding 3 installed, the installation of the cladding 3 on the facade 4 is complete.

[0154] The example of figures 15 to 18 describes another method, which can at least partially repeat the steps of the method described in the figures 5 to 9 This example concerns a method of indirect installation on a wall of a cladding 3 of a facade 4, that is to say a method in which the cladding 3 is at least partially assembled before its installation on the facade 4. More precisely, the figures 15 to 17 describe in detail different phases of the indirect laying process, the figure 18 illustrating the complete sequence of process steps.

[0155] In particular, such an indirect installation method can be implemented with respect to any facade template, and takes advantage of the use of scaffolding and / or lifting means, in particular by professionals. This method can be implemented in the direct vicinity of the facade 4, i.e. in situ, or at least partially at a distance from the facade, i.e. off-site.

[0156] As stated previously, this method comprises the establishment of a scaffolding 6 along the facade 4. This scaffolding is advantageously offset from the facade 4 by a distance greater than the thickness of the cladding 3. This design thus ensures that the cladding 3 can be placed on the facade 4 in the presence of the scaffolding 6. Obviously, the scaffolding 6 remains sufficiently close to the facade 4 to allow interaction with it.

[0157] Once scaffolding 6 is installed, according to the example of the figure 15 , rails 23 are laid. For example, a rail 23 is laid at the threshold of the facade 4, then at each level of the facade 4, at the level of the slab noses. Each pair of rails 23 is thus associated with a floor, with a dimension of approximately 3 meters. It is therefore possible to divide the subsequent steps by floor, and to repeat them floor by floor, taking the rails 23 as a reference.

[0158] As illustrated in the figure 16 , the first insulator 24 is placed between the rails 23, for example like the generic method with respect to the Figure 5 , similarly providing fixing rosettes 241. This design therefore corresponds to a direct installation of the first insulator 24 on the rails 23. According to another variant, it is possible to envisage an assembly of the first insulator 24 with the rest of the covering 3, for example via fixing claws like the second insulators 25.

[0159] In accordance with the concept of indirect installation, and in this same example, a projection 41 of the facade 4 is carried out on a remote platform 7, for example a platform of a truck equipped with lifting means 8, or on any other suitable surface close to the facade 4. The projection 41 is for example carried out at least partially by laser means, for example rulers equipped with lasers allowing precise transfer of the dimensions of the facade 4 on the remote platform 7. The projection 41 can also be carried out at least partially by manually recording the dimensions of the facade 4. Here, the lateral ends of the facade 4, as well as those of the door and window openings of the facade 4, are transferred by a laser trace, while the heights of the supports and lintels are recorded manually.

[0160] The remote platform 7 thus serves as a reference for the installation of all the elements of the cladding 3, for example for carrying out the steps described with regard to the figures 6 to 9 of the generic process.

[0161] In other words, the uprights 21 are arranged on the offset platform 7 according to the projection 41, for example by following the position of the lasers. The uprights 21 are for example held in position by shims arranged on the offset platform 7. Similarly, the crosspieces 22 are placed on the uprights 21 according to the projected dimensions, in particular according to the height of the rails 23, the supports and the lintels of the facade 4. The uprights 21 and the crosspieces 22 then form a base and a reference for the installation of the subsequent elements, in particular the second insulators 25, the panels 26 and the sheets 28, according to the example of figures 7 and 8. In accordance with the concept of the invention, all of the assembly steps of the cladding 3 from the slats 1 can be carried out close to the facade 4, on the remote platform 7, without requiring specialized tools.

[0162] All of these steps thus allow the obtaining of the 3rd dressing of the figure 17, which is then placed on the offset platform 7. As illustrated in this figure, the assembled cladding 3 is then lifted via lifting means 8, so as to place it between the scaffolding 6 and the facade 4, then fixed on the rails 23. It can be seen here that, as stated previously, the cladding 3 is associated with a pair of rails 23, that is to say with a level of the facade 4, so as to limit the constraints on the lifting means and the dimensions of the offset platform 7. The above steps can thus be repeated for each pair of rails 23 of the facade 4, until a complete cladding 3 of the facade 4 is obtained, as illustrated by the figure 18 .

[0163] Thus, it will be understood that the present invention provides a framework blade for producing facade cladding, a kit comprising a set of framework blades, a set of panels allowing the production of ventilated cladding, as well as a plurality of methods using such framework blades, allowing the production of a framework suitable for receiving insulation and sealing means, by simplifying as much as possible the production of this framework so that it can be assembled directly on or near the facade, without requiring assembly prior to transporting the assembled framework to the installation site of the facade cladding.

[0164] It should be noted that this detailed description relates to a particular embodiment of the present invention, but that in no case does this description have any limiting character with respect to the subject of the invention; on the contrary, its objective is to remove any possible imprecision or misinterpretation of the claims which follow.

[0165] It should also be noted that the reference signs placed in parentheses in the following claims are in no way limiting; these signs have the sole purpose of improving the intelligibility and understanding of the following claims as well as the scope of the protection sought.

Claims

1. Blade (1) of a frame (2) for cladding (3) and insulation of a facade (4) of a building, said blade (1) having substantially the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped extending longitudinally along a first axis (Z) defining two longitudinal ends (11) separated by a set of lateral edges (12, 13) of said blade (1), characterized in thatsaid blade (1) has a set of notches (14) arranged along one of said lateral edges (12, 13), said notches (14) being configured to allow the nesting, in one of the notches (14) of said blade (1), of one of the notches (14') of another similar blade (1') placed perpendicular to said blade (1), the lateral edges provided with notches (14, 14') of the two blades (1, 1') being placed opposite each other, said nesting allowing the immobilization of said two blades (1, 1') in the plane formed by them and taking place along a trajectory (X) perpendicular to said plane, said blade (1) being configured both to form a crosspiece (22) and an upright (21) of said frame (2).

2. Blade (1) according to claim 1, said blade (1) being further provided with a first set of fixing holes (15) configured for receiving means for fixing said cladding (3) and said facade insulation (4).

3. Blade (1) according to claim 1 or 2, said blade (1) being further provided with a second set of fixing holes (15) configured for receiving means for adjusting the depth of said notches (14).

4. Blade (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said notches (14) are uniformly distributed along said first axis (Z).

5. Blade (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, which has a thickness of less than 4.5 centimeters, preferably between 1 and 2 centimeters, said notches (14) being arranged on the edge (12) of said blade (1).

6. Blade (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, which has a maximum length of 5 meters.

7. Kit for cladding (3) and insulation of a facade (4) of a building, said kit comprising a set of blades (1, 1') according to one of claims 1 to 6, said blades (1, 1') being configured to form a set of crosspieces (22) and uprights (21) of a frame (2) of said cladding (3) of facade (4).

8. Kit according to claim 7, said kit further comprising a set of means for adjusting the depth of the notches of said blades (1, 1').

9. Kit according to claim 7 or 8, said kit further comprising a set of rails (23) configured to be fixed on said facade (4), said rails (23) being provided with consoles (231) configured to receive said uprights (21).

10. Kit according to claim 9, said kit further comprising a first compression insulator (24) sized to be fixed on said facade (4) between said rails (23).

11. Kit according to claim 7 or 8, said kit further comprising a first set of brackets (23') configured to be fixed on said facade and to receive said uprights (21) or said crosspieces (22).

12. Kit according to one of claims 7 to 11, said kit further comprising: - a set of second insulators (25) configured to be placed between said uprights (21) and said crosspieces (22), at least partially over a thickness of said frame (2); and - a set of fixing claws (251) configured to be hooked to said uprights (21) and to hold said second insulators (25) in position.

13. Kit according to one of claims 7 to 12, said kit further comprising: - a set of panels (26) configured to form a cladding of said cladding (3) of facade (4); and - a set of fixing lugs (27) of said panels (26), said fixing lugs (27) and said panels (26) being configured so that, when said panels (26) are assembled with said fixing lugs (27) to form said cladding, said panels (26) are arranged adjacent to each other, each end of a panel being covered by another end of an adjacent panel.

14. Kit according to claim 13, wherein said fixing lugs (27) are configured to be hooked to said uprights (21), each fixing lug (27) being provided with two receiving slots (271, 272) of said panels (26) arranged along two opposite lateral edges of said fixing lugs (27), each fixing lug (27) extending in a substantially longitudinal direction and each slot (271, 272) extending obliquely with respect to said longitudinal direction.

15. Kit according to one of claims 7 to 14, said kit further comprising a set of sheets (28) for sealing the said cladding (3) of the facade (4), said sheets (28) having a plurality of grooves extending transversely to a length of said sheets (28), said grooves being configured to allow the folding and / or cutting of said sheets (28) according to one of said grooves.

16. Kit according to one of claims 7 to 15, which is packaged in the form of a block (29) with a maximum length of 5 meters.

17. Method for directly installing a facade (4) cladding (3) on a wall using a kit according to one of claims 7 to 16, in which a platform (5) forming scaffolding is temporarily assembled with some of said notches (14) of said uprights (21) fixed to said facade (4), said facade cladding (4) being installed partially from said platform (5), then completed once said platform (5) has been removed from said uprights (21).

18. Method for indirect installation on a wall of a cladding (3) of a facade (4) using a kit according to one of claims 7 to 16, which comprises a projection (41) of said facade (4) onto an offset platform (7), said cladding (3) of a facade (4) being assembled on said offset platform (7) according to said projection (41), then placed on said facade (4) by lifting.

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