Steel shell plate and steel frame, s3RC building structure

Abstract

A tri-layer steel reinforced concrete (S3RC) building structure comprises a steel frame (20), at least one steel shell layer (10), multiple rebars (30, 30A), and a concrete (50). The steel shell layer (10) is mounted on the steel frame (20). The rebars (30, 30A) are connected to the steel frame (20) and located at one side of the steel shell layer (10). The concrete (50) is mounted at the side of the steel shell layer (10) and embeds the rebars (30, 30A). With the steel shell layer (10) and / or the steel frame (20) cover the concrete (50) and the rebars (30, 30A), a tensile resistance of the concrete (50) may be enhanced. If the concrete (50) is shattered, the broken pieces may be covered by the steel shell layer (10), avoiding collapse of the overall structure. The steel shell layer (10) can prevent the concrete (50) from bulging and weathering. Besides, the steel shell layer (10) can also protect the concrete (50) from being affected by the atmosphere and moisture, preventing the concrete (50) from bulging and weathering.

Description

1. Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a building structure, especially to a tri-layer steel reinforced concrete (S3RC) building structure that covers the concrete and the internal steel constructions of walls, columns, beams, and floors with steel plates and steel frames to form a continuous building structure.2. Description of the Prior Arts

[0002] In the civil engineering field, the modem building structures are mainly constructed by the Reinforced Concrete structure (RC structure), and whereby the Steel Reinforced Concrete structure (SRC structure), which includes the Steel Construction structure (SC structure, known as the Steel-Concrete Composite structure or the Structural Concrete structure) as main support, is developed based on the RC structure. The high-rise buildings constructed only with steel frames are not suitable for residential uses since large horizontal displacements would occur to the high floors due to high malleability of steel materials when stricken by earthquakes or horizontal winds, and thus the people on the high floors may feel uncomfortable.

[0003] Besides, in the conventional SRC structure, the columns and the beams are supported by steel frames disposed within, and then embedded by the concrete which has a thickness of about 15 to 20 centimeters. The concrete embeds large main rebars and rebar hoops, and the rebars and the steel frame work together. The construction of the SRC structure needs formworks, rebars assembling and processing, and plastering works.

[0004] Patent publication TWM358176 discloses a reinforced concrete wall, the constructing process of which serially includes light steels assembling, external steel meshes laying, internal rebars installing, and grouting. The construction period of said reinforced concrete wall is short, but the steel-meshed wall surfaces are weak in waterproofness, and thus the waterproof treatment would be required when said reinforced concrete wall is applied to be an exterior wall, and the reinforced concrete wall is not recommended to be applied as a shear wall or a load-bearing wall. Furthermore, the patent publication teaches constructing the steel-meshed wall by assembling several precast steel beams and two steel meshes and cement grouting; and then the two steel meshes would be surface-treated with plastering either manually or by machine after the concrete completes formation with maintenance and drying, and is treated with plaster finish or monolithic treatment in the last to form and modify a layered body, such that the construction of the steel-meshed wall is finished.

[0005] Moreover, the conventional RC, SC, and SRC structures are like the muscles of the musculoskeletal system, and thus the concrete and the rebars are prone to exposure in the air; the structures lack external protections and thus have low tensile resistances, hence easy to be affected and lead to structural deterioration, reducing the earthquake resistance. Once the earthquake occurs, the broken pieces of the concrete would be scattered over, and thus the structure would fall apart immediately. In addition, the conventional RC, SRC, and SC structures are easy to be damaged by the harmful environmental factors due to exposure in the air, for example, the concrete may bulge due to the electrochemical reactions occurring in the concrete or the rebars, or the structural strength may be reduced as the reduction-oxidation reactions occur in the concrete due to moisture, water, or seawater erosion.

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the conventional RC structure, SRC structure, and SC structure, the present invention provides an S3RC building structure to mitigate or obviate the aforementioned problems.

[0007] The main objective of the present invention is to provide a tri-layer steel reinforced concrete (S3RC) building structure that is capable of mitigating the disadvantages of the RC construction, the SRC construction, and the SC construction mentioned in the prior arts.

[0008] The S3RC building structure has an S3RC building structure comprises a steel frame, at least one steel shell layer, multiple rebars, and a concrete. The at least one steel shell layer is mounted on the steel frame. The at least one steel shell layer comprises multiple steel bearing plates arranged side by side, and each one of the steel bearing plates has a main portion and two connecting portions. The main portion is rectangular in shape, and the two connecting portions are connected to and extend away from two opposite edges of the main portion respectively. Each one of the connecting portions protrudes from one of two sides of the at least one steel shell layer. Wherein the two connecting portions between any adjacent two of the steel bearing plates are connected to each other. The rebars are connected to the steel frame and located at one of the two sides of the at least one steel shell layer. The concrete is disposed at the side of the at least one steel shell layer where the rebars are located, and the concrete embeds the rebars.

[0009] To address the issues, another S3RC building structure is provided, which comprises at least one steel shell layer, and the at least one steel shell layer is attached to a surface of a Reinforced Concrete (RC) structure and thus covers the RC structure. Wherein the at least one steel shell layer comprises multiple steel bearing plates arranged side by side, and each one of the steel bearing plates has a main portion and two connecting portions. The main portion is rectangular in shape, and two connecting portions are connected to and extends away from two opposite edges of the main portion respectively. Each one of the connecting portions protrudes from one side of the at least one steel shell layer. Wherein the two connecting portions between any adjacent two of the steel bearing plates are connected to each other.

[0010] To address the issues, another S3RC building structure is provided, which has at least one steel shell layer, and the at least one steel shell layer is attached to a surface of a Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) structure and thus covers the SRC structure. Wherein the at least one steel shell layer comprises multiple steel bearing plates arranged side by side, and each one of the steel bearing plates has a main portion and two connecting portions. The main portion is rectangular in shape, and two connecting portions are connected to and extends away from two opposite edges of the main portion respectively. Each one of the connecting portions protrudes from one side of the at least one steel shell layer. Wherein the two connecting portions between any adjacent two of the steel bearing plates are connected to each other.

[0011] To address the issues, another S3RC building structure is provided, which has at least one steel shell layer, and the at least one steel shell layer is attached to a surface of a Steel Construction (SC) structure and thus covers the SC structure.

[0012] With the steel shell layer and / or the steel frame covering the concrete and the rebars, the tensile resistance of the concrete may be improved from the exterior, enhancing the earthquake resistance; if the earthquake occurs and the concrete is shattered, the broken pieces may be covered by the steel shell layer rather than fall apart, thereby avoiding the collapse of the overall structure. In addition, the steel shell layer can also protect the concrete from being affected by the atmosphere and water, preventing the concrete from bulging and weathering, and thus maintains a fine structure of the concrete. Each one of the columns, beams, walls, and slab structures of the S3RC building structure has at least one steel plate and at least one steel frame, and the walls and the slabs may help improve the tensile resistance of the whole construction, dispersing the external forces and reducing the deformation; when the earthquake occurs, the horizontal inertia force of the earthquake may be counteracted, the shaking degree of the construction may be reduced, the comfort degree would not decrease much, and the likelihood of wall cracking caused by the earthquake may be lowered.In the drawings:

[0013] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional top view of a wall structure and a column structure of an S3RC building structure in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 is a top view of the steel shell layer of the S3RC building structure in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the wall structure of the S3RC building structure in Fig. 1, showing assembly of the rebars and the steel shell layers; Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 1 which shows the column structure; Fig. 5 is a partial perspective view of a slab structure of the S3RC building structure in accordance with the present invention in which the slab structure is a middle-positioned type slab structure; Fig. 6 is a front view of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a partial perspective view of another slab structure of the S3RC building structure in accordance with the present invention in which the slab structure is a top-positioned type slab structure; Fig. 8 is a front view of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the column structure of the S3RC building in Fig. 1, showing a steel tightening ring mounted thereon; Fig. 10 is a partial perspective view of the steel frame of the S3RC building structure, showing a C-shaped steel laterally covering the steel beam by the external side; Fig. 11 is a block diagram of another S3RC building structure, showing an RC structure covered by a steel shell layer; Fig. 12 is a block diagram of another S3RC building structure, showing an SRC structure covered by a steel shell layer; and Fig. 13 is a block diagram of another S3RC building structure, showing an SC structure covered by a steel shell layer.

[0014] With reference to Figs. 1, 5, and 7, a tri-layer steel reinforced concrete (S3RC) building structure in accordance with the present invention comprises at least one steel shell layer 10, a steel frame 20, multiple rebars 30, and a concrete 50. In this disclosure, the steel frame 20 is covered by the rebars 30 and the concrete 50 just like the steel frame 20 is immersed in a reinforced concrete, and the steel shell layer 10 covers the aforementioned structure from the exterior. The whole structure may be divided into two layers including an inner layer and an outer layer, by which the outer layer may be a Steel Construction (SC) structure and the inner layer may be a Reinforced Concrete (RC) structure, and the two layers are fully covered by the steel shell layer 10. The aforementioned structure would show three layers of steel (Steel*3) and a reinforced concrete (RC) on a cross-section, and thus is named "the S3RC building structure."

[0015] Besides, as shown in Figs. 11 to 13, the user may apply the steel shell layer 10 to cover an RC structure, a Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) structure, or an SC structure to achieve the effects of enhancing the structural strength, resisting earthquake, and protecting those building constructions.

[0016] With reference to Figs. 1 and 2, the rebars 30 are connected to the steel frame 20 and located at a side of the steel shell layer 10. The steel shell layer 10 comprises multiple steel bearing plates 11 and multiple fixing units 12, but a configuration of the steel shell layer 10 is not limited thereto, as the steel shell layer 10 may include C-shaped steels or steel sheets.

[0017] The steel bearing plates 11 are arranged side by side, and each one of the steel bearing plates 11 has a main portion 110 and two connecting portions 111. The main portion 110 is rectangular in shape, and the two connecting portions 111 are connected to two opposite edges of the main portion 110 respectively. Each one of the two connecting portions 111 extends along and extends away from the edge of the main portion 110 to which it is connected, protruding from one side of the steel shell layer 10. The two connecting portions 111 between any adjacent two of the steel bearing plates 11 are connected to each other, but a configuration of the connecting portion 111 is not limited thereto.

[0018] To be more precise, in this embodiment, the two connecting portions 111 of each one of the steel bearing plates 11 include a first connecting portion 112 and a second connecting portion 113. The first connecting portion 112 is curved away from the second connecting portion 113 and forms a connecting groove 1121, and the second connecting portion 113 is curved toward the first connecting portion 112. When the adjacent two steel bearing plates 11 are connected to each other, the second connecting portion 113 of one of the steel bearing plates 11 is located in the connecting groove 1121 of the first connecting portion 112 of another one of the steel bearing plates 11, but it is not limited thereto.

[0019] The S3RC building structure in this embodiment comprises a plurality of the fixing units 12, and each one of the fixing units 12 is mounted through the two connecting portions 111 between any adjacent two of the steel bearing plates 11. To be more precise, the fixing unit 12 may be a shear nail which penetrates and engages with the first connecting portion 112 and the second connecting portion 113 that are connected to each other, and thereby fixes the relative positions between the two steel bearing plates 11, and further combines more steel bearing plates 11 to form the steel shell layer 10, but it is not limited thereto. There may be no fixing unit 12 in other embodiments, but directly connecting multiple steel bearing plates 11 to form the steel shell layer 10 by welding.

[0020] The rebars 30 are located at a side of the steel shell layer 10, and the concrete 50 is also located at the same side of the steel shell layer 10, embedding the rebars 30.

[0021] The S3RC building structure in this disclosure may be applied to construct wall structures, column structures, and slab structures, and details about constructing the aforementioned structure are below.

[0022] With reference to Figs. 1 to 3, in the wall structure, the steel frame 20 comprises a steel beam 21 and a steel column 22 which are connected to each other. The steel column 22 extends along an up-down direction and the steel beam 21 extends along a horizontal direction. A number of the steel shell layers 10 is two, and the two steel shell layers 10 are spaced apart from and face towards each other, but it is not limited thereto. The steel shell layers 10 are connected to the steel beam 21 and the steel column 22. The rebars 30 are crisscross connected to each other, and the two steel shell layers 10 are disposed between two baseline C-shaped steels 35. In addition, a distance between the two steel shell layers 10 may be altered according to needs.

[0023] When constructing the wall structure, the steel column 22 and the steel beam 21 of the steel frame 20 may be set first. The two baseline C-shaped steels 35 are mounted on the steel beam 21 according to laser positioning. The two baseline C-shaped steels 35 are disposed spaced apart from each other. The two steel shell layers 10 are connected to the two baseline C-shaped steels 35 respectively, and the two steel shell layers 10 are located between the two baseline C-shaped steels 35. The steel shell layers 10 and the baseline C-shaped steels 35 are preferably connected by welding.

[0024] Next, set multiple horizontal rebars 31 at the side of each one of the steel shell layers 10 which faces towards the other steel shell layer 10, and mount multiple vertical rebars 32 on the horizontal rebars 31. The horizontal rebars 31 and the vertical rebars 32 mounted on each one of the steel shell layers 10 together form an outer rebar mesh 39. The horizontal rebars 31 and the steel shell layers 10 are preferably connected by welding, and the horizontal rebars 31 and the vertical rebars 32 are preferably connected by welding after tied together, but it is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the horizontal rebars 31 may be replaced with stainless steel circulation tubes, thereby building a circulating flow path to control the temperature of the wall structure. In addition, in this embodiment, an interval between any adjacent two of the horizontal rebars 31 is about 50 centimeters, and an interval between any adjacent two of the vertical rebars 32 is about 15 centimeters, but it is not limited thereto, and the aforementioned intervals may be altered according to needs.

[0025] An inner rebar mesh 33 is installed at a central line between the two steel shell layers 10 with laser positioning; in this embodiment, the inner rebar mesh 33 may be provided as a rebar mesh formed by deformed rebars, but it is not limited thereto. Each one of the lattices of the inner rebar mesh 33 may have a length about 10 centimeters and a width about 10 centimeters, but it is not limited thereto, as the intervals among the rebars of the inner rebar mesh 33 may be adjusted according to needs. The two outer rebar meshes 39 are disposed apart from the inner rebar mesh 33 respectively and located between two steel shell layers 10. Distances between each one of the two outer rebar meshes 39 and the inner rebar mesh 33 may be adjusted according to needs. Then the plumbing system, the electrical conduits, and the fire pipelines are installed between the inner rebar mesh 33 and the horizontal rebar 31, and holes reserved for setting the water inlets / outlets, the electrical components, the firework facilities, or the windows are formed on the steel shell layer 10. Next, multiple thickness fixing wall rebars 34 are installed to fix a distance between the two steel shell layers 10. In this embodiment, the distance between any adjacent two of the thickness fixing wall rebars 34 is about 20 centimeters, but it is not limited thereto, as the aforementioned distance may be adjusted according to needs. The installing process of the thickness fixing wall rebar 34 is commonly known in the technical field and thus is omitted here.

[0026] With reference to Figs. 1, 4, and 9, regarding the column structure of this disclosure, the steel shell layer 10 may be arranged along the up-down direction and surround a column space 40, and the steel column 22 of the steel frame 20 is located in the column space 40.

[0027] The steel shell layer 10 of the column structure in this embodiment may be preferably provided by multiple reinforced steel bearing plates 11A connected to each other, and the reinforced steel bearing plates 11A together surround the steel column 22. Each one of the reinforced steel bearing plates 11A is similar to the steel bearing plate 11 in structure by having a main portion 110A and two connecting portions 111A. The two connecting portions 111A are located at two opposite edges of the main portion 110A, and the reinforced steel bearing plates 11A are connected to each other via the connecting portions 111A. One of the main differences between the reinforced steel bearing plate 11A and the steel bearing plate 11 is that the reinforced steel bearing plate 11A is thicker than the steel bearing plate 11, and thus the reinforced steel bearing plate 11A may have a greater strength than the steel bearing plate 11. To be more precise, in this embodiment, a thickness of the steel bearing plate 11 is about 2.8 millimeters, but a thickness of the reinforced steel bearing plate 11A is about 3.2 millimeters, but it is not limited thereto, as thicknesses of the steel bearing plate 11 and the reinforced steel bearing plate 11A may be altered according to needs.

[0028] When constructing the column structure in this disclosure, first the user may base on the baselines of the two adj acent wall structures, specifically the extending line of the horizontal rebars 31 of the steel shell layer 10 which is relatively located external of each one of the two adjacent wall structures, to provide the two edges of the steel column 22 and connect the horizontal rebars 31 to the steel column 22. The horizontal rebars 31 and the steel column 22 are preferably connected by welding. The reinforced steel bearing plates 11A are connected with each other to form the steel shell layer 10, and the reinforced steel bearing plates 11A together surround the steel column 22, such that the steel column 22 is located in the column space 40 formed by the steel shell layer 10. Furthermore, the drainage system, the plumbing system, and / or the electrical conduits may be disposed in the column space 40. In this embodiment, the steel shell layer 10 may be integrally connected to the steel column 22 by welding, specifically the steel shell layers 10 which are relatively located externally of adj acent two of the wall structures are securely connected to the steel column 22 by welding to enhance the structural strength. Thereby, the steel shell layers 10 of the wall structure and the steel bearing plate 11 of the column structure form a continuous structure, and the space within may be grouted in one step, and thus this allows the concrete body to form a continuous integral structure even between the wall structure and the column structure.

[0029] The column structure in this embodiment may further have a steel tightening ring 60, which is located at an external side of the steel shell layer 10, surrounding and mounted on the steel shell layer 10. Specifically, the steel tightening ring 60 in this embodiment may be manufactured by bending a C-shaped steel, and the steel tightening ring 60 is securely connected to the external side of the steel shell layer 10 to tighten the steel shell layer 10 of the column structure, such that the structural strength is enhanced, but it is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the column structure may not have the steel tightening ring 60, or the user may securely connect the steel tightening ring 60 and the steel shell layers 10 which are located relatively external of adjacent two of the wall structures by welding.

[0030] The steel shell layers 10 located externally and the reinforced steel bearing plate 11A may be provided by galvanized steel bearing plates or stainless steel bearing plates to enhance the water-proof effect; in addition, additional rebars may be securely connected to the reinforced steel bearing plates 11A and the connecting portions 111A by welding to enhance the strength. Additional rebars may be securely connected to the reinforced steel bearing plates 11A and the steel shell layers 10 by through-hole reflow welding to enhance the connection of the wall structures and the column structure; the rebars 30 may be securely connected to the reinforced steel bearing plates 11A by through-hole reflow welding with additional rebars, but the constructing way is not limited thereto. The steel tightening ring 60 is securely connected to the reinforced steel bearing plate 11A by welding to enhance the effect of earthquake-resisting. The steel tightening ring 60 may be placed at a bottom part of the building, and the amount of the steel tightening ring 60 may be adjusted according to needs.

[0031] With reference to Figs. 5 to 8, a slab structure in accordance with the present invention would be illustrated in the following paragraphs.

[0032] In the slab structure, the steel frame 20 includes a steel beam 21, and the at least one steel shell layer 10 is disposed along the horizontal direction and connected to the steel beam 21. The steel shell layer 10 is lying down. A plurality of the rebars 30 are crisscross connected to each other and form several rebar meshes, and the rebar meshes are arranged parallel to and spaced apart from each other above the steel shell layer 10.

[0033] With reference to Figs. 5 to 8, to be more precise, the steel beam 21 has a top and a bottom which are opposite to each other, and the slab structure in this disclosure may include different types according to relative positions between the concrete 50 and the steel beam 21, such as a "middle-positioned type" slab structure in which the concrete 50 is placed at the same height position with the steel beam 21 and a "top-positioned type" slab structure in which the concrete 50 is placed on the steel beam 21A. When applied to the middle-positioned type slab structure, please refer to Figs. 5 and 6 for the middle-positioned type slab structure in which the steel shell layer 10 is located at the primary beam bottom 2111 of the primary beam 211 of the steel beam 21, and a plurality of rebar meshes are connected to the steel beam 21; when applied to the top-positioned type slab structure, please refer to Figs. 7 and 8 for the top-positioned type slab structure in which the steel shell layer 10 is connected to the secondary beam top 2121A of the secondary beam 212A of the steel beam 21A.

[0034] The construction of the slab structure may be conducted after the constructions of the aforementioned wall structure and the column structure are finished.

[0035] With reference to Figs. 5 and 6, in the middle-positioned type slab structure in this disclosure, the steel beams 21 include multiple primary beams 211 and multiple secondary beams 212. Two ends of each one of the secondary beams 212 are located at the middle line of the primary beams 211. Preferably, the primary beam 211 and the secondary beam 212 are securely connected to each other by welding, or may further connect with reinforced plates by all-around welding, but it is not limited thereto.

[0036] After reserving space for stairs, multiple holes 213 are drilled along middle lines of the secondary beams 212. An inner diameter of each one of the holes 213 is preferably between 6 and 10 centimeters, and the diameters of the holes 213 in this embodiment are about 8 centimeters, but it is not limited thereto. The rebars 30 are arranged along extending directions of the primary beam 211 and the secondary beam 212, such that the rebars 30 are crisscross connected to each other to form an upper rebar mesh 36 and a lower rebar mesh 37. The upper rebar mesh 36 is located along the middle line of the secondary beam 212, and the rebars of the upper rebar mesh 36 which extend along a length direction of the primary beam 211 are disposed through the holes 213 located along the middle line of the secondary beam 212 and securely connected to the secondary beam 212 by welding. In this embodiment, each one of the lattices of the upper rebar mesh 36 and the lower rebar mesh 37 has a length and a width which are about 10-cm long, but it is not limited thereto.

[0037] The lower rebar mesh 37 is securely connected to the secondary beam bottom 2121 of each one of the secondary beams 212 by welding, and then the steel shell layer 10 is mounted below the lower rebar mesh 37. In this embodiment, the steel shell layer 10 is lying down and is securely connected to the lower rebar mesh 37 by welding, and each one of the steel bearing plates 11 of the steel shell layer 10 is arranged parallel to the primary beam 211, but it is not limited thereto. In addition, multiple rebar supporting chairs 38 may be tied or welded between the upper rebar mesh 36 and the lower rebar mesh 37, thereby building connections between the upper rebar mesh 36 and the lower rebar mesh 37, but it is not limited thereto.

[0038] With reference to Figs. 7 and 8, similarly, in the top-positioned type slab structure, the steel beams 21A include multiple primary beams 211A and multiple secondary beams 212A, and the secondary beams 212A are connected to primary beam tops 2111A of the primary beams 211A and spaced apart from each other. To be more precise, in this embodiment, the primary beams 211A and the secondary beams 212A may be connected together with reinforced plates by bolts, and then undergo all-around welding, but it is not limited thereto.

[0039] After reserving space for stairs, mount the steel shell layer 10 on the secondary beam tops 2121A of a plurality of the secondary beams 212A, and arrange each one of the steel bearing plates 11 of the steel shell layer 10 to be parallel to the primary beam 211A.

[0040] In the top-positioned type slab structure, the rebars 30A are also arranged along extending directions of the primary beam 211A and the secondary beam 212A, such that the rebars 30A are crisscross connected to each other to form an upper rebar mesh 36A and a lower rebar mesh 37A. Similarly, in this embodiment, each one of lattices of the upper rebar mesh 36A and the lower rebar mesh 37A has a length and a width which are about 10-cm long, but it is not limited thereto. The lower rebar mesh 37A is securely connected on the steel shell layer 10 by welding, and then an interval in height is reserved for installing the upper rebar mesh 36A; in this embodiment, the interval between the upper rebar mesh 36A and the lower rebar mesh 37A is about 10 centimeters, but it is not limited thereto, and the interval between the upper rebar mesh 36A and the lower rebar mesh 37A may be adjusted according to needs. To be more precise, the interval may be reserved by one or more rebar supporting chairs 38. The rebar supporting chairs 38 are welded and tied to be fixed on the lower rebar mesh 37A, and the rebar supporting chairs 38 extend to the space above the lower rebar mesh 37A, and then the upper rebar mesh 36A is mounted on the top of the rebar supporting chairs 38, but it is not limited thereto.

[0041] After installation of the steel shell layers 10, the steel frames 20, and the rebars 30 of the column structure, the wall structure, and the slab structure, the concrete 50 is grouted in the wall structure, the column structure, and the slab structure. In addition, when constructing the upper-positioned type slab structure, the concrete 50 may be continued to grout for a thickness about 15 centimeters after grouted from the steel shell layer 10 upward to embed the upper rebar mesh 36A, but it is not limited thereto.

[0042] In addition, components like the frames of doors, windows, and corridors, the plumbing systems, the electrical conduits, and / or the frames of firework boxes may be installed before grouting the concrete 50.

[0043] The process of grouting the concrete 50 is not limited thereto, the user may grout the concrete 50 of the column structure, the wall structure, and the slab structure in one step after finishing installation of the steel shell layers 10, the steel frames 20, and the rebars 30 of the column structure, the wall structure, and the slab structure. In addition, the user may further set another steel shell layer 10 or other laminates on the concrete 50 of the slab structure, especially on the roof, to enhance an overall strength of the S3RC building structure.

[0044] When the construction of one floor of the building is finished and the construction of the next floor is starting, the baseline C-shaped steel 35 is set on a position above the grouting level of the slab structure for 2 to 3 centimeters high to ensure positioning of horizontal surface and elevation, and then the user may securely connect the steel columns 22 and the steel beams 21 of the steel frame 20 by welding, and then repeat the aforementioned constructing processes of the column structure, the wall structure, and the slab structure. Moreover, the user may construct the steel frame 20 for two to four floors, and then conduct constructing the column structures, the wall structures, and the slab structures, and grouting of concrete floor by floor, but it is not limited thereto, as the user may carry out construction in two to four floors as a unit. Besides, as shown in Fig. 10, a C-shaped steel 70 may be horizontally mounted on a site between floors as a reinforcement cover. To be more precise, the C-shaped steel 70 is mounted on the external side of the steel beam 21. The C-shaped steel 70 may be provided as a base for other steel bearing plate structures like eaves or steel rolling doors, but it is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the S3RC building structure may not have the C-shaped steel 70, or the C-shaped steel 70 may be mounted on the internal side of the steel shell layer.

[0045] The S3RC building structure in this disclosure forms the continuous structures like wall structures, column structures, and slab structures with the steel shell layer 10 covering the steel frame 20, the concrete 50, and the rebars 30. Regarding the aforementioned structures, "S3" in the term "S3RC" means "shell-beam-shell" in the slab and wall structures, "ring-shell-frame" in the column structure, and "baseline-shell / shell-baseline" in the wall structure, all of which are tri-layer structures, and thus the S3RC building structure in this disclosure would construct an "S3RC" earthquake-resisting building including the wall, column, and slab structures having the tri-layer steel structure of serially arranged "steel shell layer," "steel frame," and "steel shell layer."

[0046] The S3RC building structure has the advantages below: (1). The steel shell layer 10 can be directly provided as the formwork for grouting the concrete 50 and thus substituting the conventional formwork components, thereby facilitating environmental benefits with reduced deforestation since the conventional formwork panels are usually made of wood; in addition, work required for the plastering and the plaster finish may be reduced during the construction process, and thus the construction waste may be magnificently reduced, facilitating environmental benefits, and reducing time and costs. (2). The steel shell layer 10 blocks the concrete 50 from the external water and atmosphere like an exoskeleton or a steel armor, thereby preventing the cured concrete 50 from weathering which is the reverse reaction of curing in chemistry; furthermore, the concrete 50 would not contact water and air due to being covered, and the compressive strength is enhanced, such that the deterioration time can be prolonged by several times; the steel shell layer 10 may be treated to enhance the waterproof effect; moreover, the steel shell layer 10 is extendable and provides resistance to tensile fracture, as the support to the concrete 50 which is resistant to compression but not resistant to bending; once the concrete 50 is shattered by the earthquake, the broken pieces of the concrete 50 can be covered in the steel shell layer 10 and the column structure, performing a state of bridging or stacking to provide strength and keep supporting, avoiding falling apart. (3). The wall structure which is covered by the steel shell layer 10 may have the horizontal rebars 31 which are connected to the steel shell layer 10 replaced with tubes like galvanized steel tubes or stainless steel tubes; the tubes may connect with a circulation pump to provide cool / warm water to cool down / warm up the wall, and due to a high heat conductivity of the steel shell layer 10, the temperature of the wall and further the indoor temperature may be controlled, hence the usage of air conditioner may be reduced, facilitating environmental protection and energy conservation. (4). Thanks to the steel shell layer 10, objects like the mirror finished stainless steel boards, the hairline finished boards, the colored finished boards, the etching boards, or the decorative boards may be connected to the wall structure around the bathrooms, kitchens, and restrooms by welding, or fixed by nails, without a risk of falling off due to tiles popping up; besides, the user may fix small objects with magnets directly attracted onto the wall structure. (5). The S3RC building structure in this disclosure may obtain the advantages of the steel frame in the conventional SC and SRC constructions, and due to good stiffness and toughness of the steel materials, the S3RC building structure may be applied for constructing mid-rise buildings, improving the disadvantage of the conventional RC construction that requires enlargement of beams and columns, which reduces the available spaces, to prevent surface fractures from occurring in beams and columns; compared with the conventional RC construction, due to the usage of the steel material which has a greater toughness, the building may have more variation in the appearance; during the construction, the steel frame 20 and the steel shell layer 10 may be precast in the factory and assembled after delivered to the building site, the processes may be carried out simultaneously, accelerating the progress and shortening the construction period; the wall structure formed by the steel shell layer 10 may be smooth in horizontal and vertical directions and thus easily meet the requirement or practice of civil engineering.

[0047] Even though numerous characteristics and advantages of the present invention have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and features of the invention, the disclosure is illustrative only. Changes may be made in the details, especially in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of parts within the principles of the invention to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed.

Claims

1. A tri-layer steel reinforced concrete (S3RC) building structure, characterized in that the S3RC building structure comprises: a steel frame (20); at least one steel shell layer (10) mounted on the steel frame (20); the at least one steel shell layer (10) comprising: multiple steel bearing plates (11) arranged side by side; each one of the steel bearing plates (11) having: a main portion (110) being rectangular in shape; and two connecting portions (111) connected to and extending away from two opposite edges of the main portion (110) respectively, and each one of the connecting portions (111) protruding from one of two sides of the at least one steel shell layer (10); wherein the two connecting portions (111) between any adjacent two of the steel bearing plates (11) are connected to each other; multiple rebars (30, 30A) connected to the steel frame (20) and located at one of the two sides of the at least one steel shell layer (10); and a concrete (50) disposed at the side of the at least one steel shell layer (10) where the rebars (30, 30A) are located, and the concrete (50) embedding the rebars (30, 30A).

2. The S3RC building structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one steel shell layer (10) further comprises: multiple fixing units (12), and each one of the fixing units (12) mounted through the two connecting portions (111) between any adjacent two of the steel bearing plates (11).

3. The S3RC building structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the two connecting portions (111) of each one of the steel bearing plates (11) comprises a first connecting portion (112) and a second connecting portion (113), the first connecting portion (112) is curved away from the second connecting portion (113) and forms a connecting groove (1121), and the second connecting portion (113) is curved toward the first connecting portion (112); when any two of the steel bearing plates (11) are connected to each other, the second connecting portion (113) of one of said two steel bearing plates (11) is located in the connecting groove (1121) of the first connecting portion (112) of another one of said two steel bearing plates (11).

4. The S3RC building structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the at least one steel shell layer (10) is arranged along an up-down direction and encloses a column space (40); and the steel frame (20) comprises a steel column (22) disposed in the column space (40).

5. The S3RC building structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the at least one steel shell layer (10) includes multiple reinforced steel bearing plates (11A), and the reinforced steel bearing plates (11A) are connected to each other and together surround the steel column (40).

6. The S3RC building structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the S3RC building structure further comprises: a steel tightening ring (60) surrounding and mounted on the at least one steel shell layer (10).

7. The S3RC building structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the steel frame (20) includes a steel beam (21, 21A) and a steel column (22), and the steel beam (21, 21A) and the steel column (22) are connected with each other; the steel column (22) extends along the up-down direction, and the steel beam (21, 21A) extends along a horizontal direction; a number of the at least one steel shell layer (10) is two, and the two steel shell layers (20) are spaced apart from each other, and each one of the two steel shell layers (20) is arranged along the up-down direction and connected to the steel beam (21, 21A); and the rebars (30) are crisscross connected to each other and form multiple rebar meshes (33, 39), and the rebar meshes (33, 39) are disposed between the two steel shell layers (20) and are spaced apart from each other, and each one of the rebar meshes (33, 39) is connected to the steel column (22).

8. The S3RC building structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the steel frame (20) includes a steel beam (21, 21A), and the steel beam (21, 21A) has a top (2111A, 2121A) and a bottom (2111, 2121) opposite to each other; the at least one steel shell layer (10) is disposed horizontally and connected to the steel beam (21, 21A); and the rebars (30, 30A) are crisscross connected to each other and form multiple rebar meshes (36, 36A, 37, 37A), and the rebar meshes (36, 36A, 37, 37A) are disposed above the at least one steel shell layer (10) and are spaced apart from each other.

9. The S3RC building structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the at least one steel shell layer (10) is located at the bottom (2111, 2121) of the steel beam (21), and each one of the rebar meshes (36, 37) is connected to the steel beam (21).

10. The S3RC building structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the at least one steel shell layer (10) is connected to the top (2121A) of the steel beam (21A).

11. An S3RC building structure, characterized in that the S3RC building structure comprises at least one steel shell layer (10), and the at least one steel shell layer (10) is attached to a surface of a Reinforced Concrete (RC) structure and thus covers the RC structure; wherein the at least one steel shell layer (10) comprises: multiple steel bearing plates (11) arranged side by side; each one of the steel bearing plates (11) having: a main portion (110) being rectangular in shape; and two connecting portions (111) connected to and extending away from two opposite edges of the main portion (110) respectively, and each one of the connecting portions (111) protruding from one side of the at least one steel shell layer (10); wherein the two connecting portions (111) between any adjacent two of the steel bearing plates (11) are connected to each other.

12. An S3RC building structure, characterized in that the S3RC building structure comprises at least one steel shell layer (10), and the at least one steel shell layer (10) is attached to a surface of a Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) structure and thus covers the SRC structure; wherein the at least one steel shell layer (10) comprises: multiple steel bearing plates (11) arranged side by side; each one of the steel bearing plates (11) having: a main portion (110) being rectangular in shape; and two connecting portions (111) connected to and extending outwardly from two opposite edges of the main portion (110) respectively, and each one of the connecting portions (111) protruding from one side of the at least one steel shell layer (10); wherein the two connecting portions (111) between any adjacent two of the steel bearing plates (11) are connected to each other.

13. An S3RC building structure, characterized in that the S3RC building structure comprises at least one steel shell layer (10), and the at least one steel shell layer (10) is attached to a surface of a Steel Construction (SC) structure and thus covers the SC structure.

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