Method for extracting an extract of interest from at least one plant and / or fungus

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for extracting at least one extract of interest obtained from at least one plant and / or at least one fungus, the method comprising at least the steps of: (a) providing at least one plant and / or at least one fungus; (b) subjecting the plant and / or fungus to at least one extraction cycle comprising: (b1) at least a first step of microwave-assisted extraction, whereby a first aqueous extract is obtained; and (b2) at least a second step of maceration applied to the first aqueous extract obtained in step (b1), whereby the extract of interest is obtained, and wherein steps (b1) and (b2) are carried out without adding an extraction solvent by virtue of the water naturally present in the plant and / or fungus.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] Method for extracting an extract of interest from at least one plant and / or fungus

[0003] The present invention relates to a novel extraction method for extracting an extract of interest from at least one plant and / or at least one fungus.

[0004] Various extraction methods, particularly plant-based ones, are currently available, including maceration extraction and microwave extraction. However, these extraction methods have limitations and / or drawbacks, particularly in terms of complexity, danger and / or ecology.

[0005] Maceration is generally carried out using dry materials, which requires one or more preliminary steps such as dehydration (or drying) of the plant and grinding. However, dehydration is generally time-consuming, expensive and not very environmentally friendly.

[0006] Also, maceration extraction and microwave extraction require the addition of extraction solvents, particularly organic ones (e.g. ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane), which can be dangerous, both for humans (impact on health) and for the environment (water pollution by industrial waste). The use of such solvents also involves one or more additional steps, such as evaporation steps to extract the solvent. Again, these evaporation steps are generally time-consuming, expensive and not very environmentally friendly. Finally, the use of extraction solvents mechanically involves a dilution of the extracts of interest, and therefore lower extraction yields.

[0007] A microwave extraction method on fresh plants without the addition of solvent exists. However, this method is limited to the extraction of volatile compounds only. The extraction product (or “juice”) obtained is therefore an aqueous phase containing very low, or even zero, contents of the extract of interest.

[0008] Optimizing extraction processes remains a constant goal. At the same time, we observe that the market and consumers are increasingly seeking eco-responsible solutions.

[0009] There therefore remains a need for an extraction process free from the aforementioned drawbacks, and in particular for an extraction process that is easy to implement, safe, inexpensive, has satisfactory or even improved production yields, and is also more eco-responsible. The invention aims precisely to meet these objectives. One aim of the invention is therefore to provide a process for extracting an extract of interest from at least one plant and / or at least one fungus that does not have the aforementioned drawbacks.

[0010] The invention relates to a method for extracting at least one extract of interest obtained from at least one plant and / or at least one fungus, the method comprising at least the steps of:

[0011] (a) have at least one plant and / or at least one fungus;

[0012] (b) subjecting the plant and / or fungus to at least one extraction cycle comprising:

[0013] (b1) at least a first microwave extraction step, whereby a first aqueous extract is obtained; and

[0014] (b2) at least a second maceration step applied to the first aqueous extract obtained in step (b1), whereby the extract of interest is obtained, and in which steps (b1) and (b2) are carried out without adding extraction solvent, said method not comprising a step of adding solvent(s) before step (b), and said method not comprising extraction with one or more supercritical fluids.

[0015] In other words, the extraction process is carried out (or implemented) without the addition of extraction solvent.

[0016] Indeed, steps (b1) and (b2) are carried out using the native water of the plant and / or fungus. For the purposes of the present invention, “native water” means the water present naturally and from the outset in the plant and / or fungus, in particular in the cells of the plant and / or fungus.

[0017] Preferably, step (b1) and step (b2) are carried out within the same extraction device, and preferably within the same receptacle.

[0018] An extraction method according to the invention is therefore based on easy, safe and inexpensive implementation while presenting satisfactory, or even improved, extraction yields in extract(s) of interest.

[0019] Furthermore, it proves to be more environmentally friendly since it does not require the addition of extraction solvent. A process according to the invention is therefore more eco-responsible. This advantage is made possible by the fact that steps (b1) and (b2) are carried out using the native water of the plant and / or fungus.

[0020] In other words, an extraction method according to the invention, by implementing an extraction cycle combining two different extraction methods, preferably carried out within the same extraction device, or even the same receptacle, and what is more without adding extraction solvent, proves to have unexpected advantageous effects. Indeed, the maceration carried out in step (b2) from the first aqueous extract obtained at the end of step (b1) allows for optimized extraction, thus making it possible to access extracts even more concentrated in active agent(s) than with conventional extraction methods.

[0021] The invention is all the more unexpected as it goes against the teaching of those skilled in the art since:

[0022] - microwave extraction generally relies on the addition of an extraction solvent, generally of the hydroalcoholic type, and

[0023] - extraction by maceration is classically carried out on dry plants, preferably crushed.

[0024] Finally, the invention is advantageous in that the waste generated remains clean and therefore easily recoverable, reinforcing the sustainable value of this new extraction method.

[0025] Advantageously, an extraction method according to the invention:

[0026] - does not include, before step b), a step of adding solvent(s), in particular hydrophilic (or aqueous) and / or lipophilic and / or amphiphilic solvent(s);

[0027] - does not include a step of adding oil(s);

[0028] - does not include a step of contact with supercritical CO2;

[0029] - does not include a separation step between a fatty phase and an aqueous phase; and / or

[0030] - does not include a heating step in an atmosphere devoid, or essentially devoid of Bone.

[0031] The invention also relates to a composition, in particular cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical or food, comprising at least one extract of interest obtained by means of an extraction process according to the invention, optionally in association with a physiologically acceptable medium.

[0032] The invention finally relates to the use of at least one extract of interest obtained by means of an extraction process according to the invention, for the manufacture of a composition, in particular cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical or food.

[0033] Unless otherwise indicated, in the remainder of this description, the temperature is at room temperature (for example T=25°C ± 2°C) and atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg, or 1,013.10 5 Pa or 10 13 mbar).

[0034] Step (a)

[0035] The plant and / or fungus is cultivated according to any method known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, step (a) is carried out using a plant and / or fungus cultivated according to a vertical cultivation method / device.

[0036] Preferably, the plant and / or fungus is grown under controlled conditions. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “controlled conditions” means an enclosure within which at least the water and hydrometric parameters, the brightness, the temperature and the air quality are controlled and monitored, where appropriate by computer.

[0037] Thus, step (a) of an extraction process according to the invention is advantageously carried out from a plant and / or a fungus cultivated in a culture unit ensuring total control of the culture conditions, in particular ensuring controlled regulation of water, hygrometry, temperature, and at the level of air quality and light supply.

[0038] Concerning the water parameter, the water used for growing the plant and / or mushroom can be chosen from any suitable water source, and in particular can be chosen from city water, rainwater, water from an aquifer. If appropriate or necessary, the water can be treated prior to its use, in particular to remove any trace of contamination, in particular pesticide.

[0039] In particular, the water is depolluted by ultraviolet rays, filters, preferably with pores with a diameter of 0.2 microns, self-purifying microorganisms, such as daphnia (also called "water fleas"), and mixtures thereof.

[0040] Regarding the brightness parameter, sunlight and / or artificial light, such as LED technology, can be used. If sunlight is used, the unit can be adapted, for example, by building a transparent roof.

[0041] Regarding the atmospheric parameter, the unit can be adapted to inject air of controlled quality, temperature and / or humidity.

[0042] Regarding the temperature parameter, a heating or air conditioning system can be used, which may be reversible if necessary.

[0043] The unit is also advantageously adapted to operate in self-sufficiency, that is to say that it produces the energy source(s) necessary for its operation.

[0044] In particular, the energy used to ensure the operation of a unit according to the invention is clean energy (also called green energy), that is to say a primary energy source which produces a low quantity of pollutants when it is transformed into final energy and then used as such.

[0045] Preferably, the energy used to ensure the operation of a unit according to the invention is chosen from solar energy including photovoltaic and thermal energy, wind energy, tidal energy, wave energy, hydroelectric energy, geothermal energy, space solar energy, nuclear energy, and biomass, preferably solar energy.

[0046] In this respect, a particularly suitable cultivation method may be of the "urban farming" type (also called "URBAN VERTICAL FARMING SYSTEM"), that is to say an urban agricultural system, particularly vertical, based on the principle of hydroponics, or even aquaponics.

[0047] Thus, step (a) of an extraction process according to the invention is advantageously carried out from a plant and / or a fungus obtained by hydroponic or aquaponic culture.

[0048] By way of illustration, a suitable agricultural system is a hydroponic system as described for example in EP0010836, WO1996032835, WO2016072042, US2017049064.

[0049] Another suitable agricultural system is an aquaponic system as described for example in WO2015160966 or W02008006172.

[0050] A person skilled in the art will be able to make the necessary adjustments to the unit to meet the “controlled conditions” criterion required according to the invention and ensure the cultivation of the plant and / or fungus and, where appropriate, to enable the unit to produce its own energy source(s).

[0051] Thus, step (a) of an extraction process according to the invention is advantageously carried out from a plant and / or a fungus cultivated under controlled conditions, preferably in a cultivation unit ensuring total control of the cultivation conditions, in particular ensuring controlled regulation of water, hygrometry, temperature, and at the level of air quality and light supply, and in particular obtained by hydroponic or aquaponic cultivation.

[0052] A growing unit as described above is advantageous in that:

[0053] - the cultivation of plants and / or mushrooms is carried out under controlled conditions, making it possible to reduce, or even prevent, the risks of disease and / or contamination,

[0054] - it allows the use of pesticides to be limited, or even completely eliminated, and even allows all contamination by pesticides from surrounding crops to be avoided,

[0055] - the growth of plants and / or fungi is better controlled and can take place all year round, with exceptional production yields,

[0056] - it is not subject to sudden temperature variations, rain, hail, frost or predatory insects, significantly reducing the risks of destruction of plants and / or fungi, and therefore of crops,

[0057] - it can be controlled remotely by computer, - it allows a method of growing plants and / or fungi that is almost self-sufficient in the elements necessary for their survival and growth, in particular water, light, oxygen and / or temperature,

[0058] - it allows a reduction in the need for elements necessary for the growth of plants and / or fungi, in particular water, which can also supply the plants and / or fungi in a closed circuit,

[0059] - it ensures extraction from fresh plants and / or mushrooms, therefore rich in active ingredients of interest, which is more in a non-degraded form,

[0060] - it authorizes the recycling of certain organic waste and excreta resulting in particular from the cultivation and extraction stages to contribute in whole or in part to the growth of future generations of plants and / or fungi, and

[0061] - the unit makes it possible to limit the use of expensive transport and conservation chains in terms of equipment, machinery, fuels and packaging, implying a reduction in CO2 emissions and the need for energy and fossil carbon, and therefore a reduction in the impact on nature and costs.

[0062] Vegetal

[0063] A plant according to the invention may be chosen from plants, in particular mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms; algae; and mixtures thereof, and preferably plants.

[0064] A plant according to the invention may be chosen from a fruit or a vegetable.

[0065] A plant according to the invention may be chosen from an edible or non-edible plant, preferably an edible plant.

[0066] A vegetable can be chosen from garlic, alfalfa (or lucerne), almond, amaranth, dill, aragula, oats, azuki beans, basil, chard (oriole or rose), beetroot, chard, wheat, broccoli, borage, canihua / kaniwa (baby quinoa), carrot, celery (eg Apium graveolens L.), chervil, chia, chicory, cabbage, chives, chives, coriander, watercress, watercress, spelt, spinach (eg Spinacia oleracea L.), fennel (eg Foeniculum Vulgare), fenugreek, squash, sunflower, mung bean, kale (or curly kale), kamut, lentils, red lentils, lentils greens, flax, corn, millet, mizuna, mustard, turnip, onion, barley, parsley, leek, chickpeas, peas (eg cultivated peas (Pisum sativum L.)), purslane, quinoa, radish, horseradish, rice, arugula, buckwheat, rye, sesame, soybeans, tatsoi, clover, cannabis, cucumber (eg Cucumis sativus L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare), broccoli, marshmallow, mallow, lemon balm (eg Lemon balm), pansy (eg wild pansy), yarrow (eg yarrow), Centella Asiatica, evening primrose (eg biennial evening primrose), false pepper, shiso (or Perilla frutescens), purple coneflower, blueberry, blackberry, raspberry, olive (eg Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea), lemon (eg Citrus xlimon), orange (eg Citrus sinensis), pomelo (or pomelo or grapefruit, eg Citrus x paradisi Macfad.), the vine and in particular grapes, strawberries, kiwis, cabbages, rapeseed, lamb's lettuce, melons, papayas, mangoes, peppers, tomatoes, watermelons, lychees, persimmons, apricots, apples, dates, cherries, figs, pears, nectarines, artichokes, shallots, asparagus, eggplants, tea, ginger, and mixtures thereof.

[0067] Mushrooms

[0068] A mushroom according to the invention may be chosen from an edible or inedible mushroom, preferably an edible mushroom.

[0069] A fungus according to the invention may be chosen from Fungi (also called Mycota, Mycetes or fungi), Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes (also called Chytridiomycota or chytrids), Mycetozoa and mixtures thereof, preferably Fungi.

[0070] A mushroom can be chosen from the genera Agaricus, Lentinula, Pleurotus, Grifola, Hypsizygus, Auricularia, Flammulina, Volvariella, Agrocybe, Pholiota, Tricholoma, Tremella, and their mixtures.

[0071] In particular, a mushroom may be chosen from the species Agaricus bisporus (button mushroom), Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom), Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom and other related species), Pleurotus eryngii (holland oyster mushroom), Grifola frondosa (hen-of-the-wood mushroom), Hypsizygus tessulatus (buna-shimeji mushroom), Auricularia auricula-judae (Judas ear mushroom), Flammulina velutipes (velvet-footed collybia), Volvariella volvacea (Asian volvaria), Agrocybe aegerita (poplar pholiota), Pholiota nameko (Asian pholiota), Tricholoma matsutake (matsutake mushroom), Tremella fuciformis (spindle-leaf tremella), and mixtures thereof.

[0072] Preferably, step (b), in particular step (b1), of an extraction method according to the invention is carried out from at least one plant and / or at least one fresh mushroom, and better still from at least one plant and / or at least one fresh frozen mushroom.

[0073] This configuration on fresh, or even frozen, plants and / or mushrooms advantageously makes it possible to reduce, or even prevent, a deterioration in the production yield and / or the quality of the extract of interest. Indeed, particularly in the case of plants, it is known that certain active agents are difficult to preserve over time. This can be explained, in particular, by the establishment of biochemical mechanisms of tolerance to abiotic stresses, for example water and / or oxidative stress, which can lead to an alteration or consumption of said active agents by the plant itself, or even to the production of unwanted molecules likely to interact negatively with the active agent of interest. However, for obvious reasons, the longer the time between the harvesting of a plant and / or a mushroom and the extraction of the active agent(s) it contains, the greater the production yield and / or the greater the quality of the active agent(s) may be altered.

[0074] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "fresh" means a plant and / or a mushroom which has been harvested (for example picked, pulled up or extracted from the ground) for less than 24 hours, preferably less than 12 hours, in particular less than 5 hours, better still less than 3 hours, or even less than one hour, before the extraction step.

[0075] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "frozen" means a fresh plant and / or mushroom which, before step (b), has undergone a freezing step, and therefore a fresh plant and / or mushroom which has been kept at a temperature below 0°C, preferably below 5°C, in particular below 10°C, or even below 15°C, preferably for at least 2 hours, in particular at least 5 hours, and better still for a period of between 2 hours and 7 days, in particular between 5 hours and 5 days, better still between 8 hours and 3 days, and most particularly between 12 hours and 1 day.

[0076] Thus, the extraction method according to the invention may advantageously comprise, before step (b), a step of freezing the plant and / or the fungus. As is apparent from the examples below, the Applicant has observed that freezing further improves the extraction yields.

[0077] Advantageously, an extraction method according to the invention does not comprise, in particular before step (b), a step of drying, dehydration, freeze-drying, grinding, decoction, enfleurage, infusion, addition of solvent(s), extraction by Soxhlet, extraction assisted by sonication, extraction with supercritical fluids, extraction based on the principle of sonoporation, and / or disintegration by ultrasound, and combinations thereof, of the plant and / or the fungus.

[0078] Step (b)

[0079] Step (b), in particular step (b1), can be carried out using any material derived in whole or in part from at least one plant and / or at least one fungus.

[0080] Step (b), in particular step (b1), may be carried out from any plant material derived from a whole plant, in particular from a whole plant, or from any part of said plant, in particular from said plant, such as for example leaves, stems, flowers and flowering tops, seeds, buds, roots, undifferentiated cells or plant stem cells, and mixtures thereof. According to a particular embodiment, step (b), in particular step (b1), may be carried out from a germinated seed (also called germination), a microgreen or a young shoot, generally grown above ground, and preferably a microgreen.

[0081] A sprouted seed is a very early stage of maturity where the plant has a root system, with the cotyledon leaves not being developed or very little developed. The average growing time for most sprouted seeds is less than 10 days, or even less than 5 days, from sowing to harvest. Sprouted seeds have properties, particularly nutritional ones, superior to dry seeds: vitamin and enzyme levels can be significantly increased during the germination process.

[0082] A sprouted seed is therefore a plant that retains its root system and has an earlier stage of maturity than a microgreen.

[0083] A microgreen is a green plant harvested after emergence as shoots. A microgreen has a single central stem that has been cut just above the soil line during harvest (thus devoid of its roots). It has fully developed cotyledon leaves and usually has a pair of very small, partially developed leaves. The average growing time for most microgreens is 10 to 14 days from seeding to harvest.

[0084] A seedling is an early but later stage of maturity than a sprouted seed and microgreen. The average growing time for most seedling plants is more than 10 days, or even more than 15 days, from sowing to harvest.

[0085] In general, sprouted seeds, microgreens, and young shoots contain significantly higher levels of vitamins and carotenoids than their mature plant counterparts.

[0086] The very short cultivation time, the very small size and the high concentration of active ingredient(s) make sprouted seeds, microgreens and young shoots, preferably microgreens, types of plants entirely suitable for the present invention.

[0087] The extract of interest can be obtained from any material from a whole mushroom, or from any part of said mushroom, such as for example the cap, the foot (or stipe), the mycelium, and their mixtures.

[0088] As indicated previously, the manufacture (extraction) of an extract of interest is based on at least one extraction cycle, the cycle comprising two successive different extraction steps (b1) and (b2), preferably carried out within the same extraction device, or even the same receptacle, in which: - the first extraction step consisting of subjecting the plant and / or fungus to at least one microwave extraction sequence without adding extraction solvent, the product obtained from this first microwave extraction being designated as "first aqueous extract"; and

[0089] - the second extraction step consisting of subjecting the first aqueous extract, without adding extraction solvent, to at least one maceration extraction sequence, the product obtained from this second maceration extraction being indifferently designated as “extract of interest”, “second aqueous extract” or “final aqueous extract”.

[0090] Steps (b1) and (b2) of the extraction process according to the invention are carried out without adding extraction solvent, using the native water of the plant and / or fungus. In other words, no extraction solvent is used to carry out step (b1) and the extraction solvent used to carry out step (b2) is the native water extracted from the plant and / or fungus during step (b1).

[0091] According to a particular embodiment, an extraction method according to the invention may comprise several extraction cycles, identical or different, in particular at the level of the power of the microwave extraction, the duration of step (b1) and / or (b2) and / or the respective sequences in step(s) (b1) and / or (b2), as described in more detail below.

[0092] Such a particular embodiment is advantageous in that it makes it possible to further improve the extraction yield.

[0093] Step (b1) - first microwave extraction step

[0094] The microwave extraction step may be referred to interchangeably as a “microwave radiation extraction step”, and is carried out using a microwave radiation heat treatment device.

[0095] This microwave heating technology is particularly suitable for plants and / or fungi because it allows direct heating at the heart of the material for small thicknesses down to the order of a centimeter.

[0096] The microwave extraction device comprises at least one tank and at least one microwave generator with a frequency that may be, for example and without limitation, between 300 MHz and 6,000 MHz, and preferably around the standard frequencies of 2,450 MHz or 915 MHz, is connected via at least one waveguide and flanges to an enclosure. The purpose of the microwave generator(s) is to provide the energy necessary for the heat treatment of the material to be treated. Other heat sources may be added to increase the efficiency of the treatment, such as, for example, hot air or infrared radiation. The enclosure may have dimensions that are, for example and without limitation, between 300 mm and 2,500 mm. One or more air inlet orifice(s) may be placed on the waveguides to allow, for example, their dust removal or cooling.The flanges connecting the waveguide to the input guide may be provided with a quick locking / unlocking system, for example and non-restrictively, by compressed air. At least one window, for example, made of quartz, or any other equivalent material transparent to microwaves, may also be placed between the flanges in order to prevent dust from rising into the waveguide produced, for example, during heating cycles. In one embodiment, the enclosure is pivotally mounted, for example, on a base by means of an axis passing, for example, through the center of gravity of the enclosure. Pivoting means, such as for example a geared motor assembly, may allow the enclosure to be quickly pivoted around its axis. Such a device is described in particular in EP2530059.

[0097] In particular, the microwave extraction device comprises a tilting rotating tank with ultrasound at the bottom of the tank.

[0098] Preferably, the microwave extraction step may be carried out:

[0099] - at a power between 600 W and 6000 W, preferably between 700 W and 5000 W, better between 800 W and 4000 W, and particularly between 1000 W and 2000 W (W = Watts);

[0100] - for a period of between 1 minute and 3 hours, preferably between 2 minutes and 2 hours, better still between 5 minutes and 1 hour, in particular between 1 minute and 30 minutes, or even between 2 minutes and 20 minutes, and better still between 5 minutes and 10 minutes; and / or

[0101] - at a temperature between 20°C and 120°C, preferably between 30°C and 100°C, and better still between 40°C and 80°C.

[0102] Preferably, the extraction step can be carried out for a period of between 1 and 30 minutes, preferably between 2 and 20 minutes, and better still between 5 and 10 minutes.

[0103] Preferably, the microwave extraction device may further comprise at least:

[0104] - a solution for brewing the plant and / or fungus to be treated; and / or

[0105] - a rotating tank forming a cavity preferably made of a refractory metal with low resistivity, driven in rotation by means allowing its speed to be varied so as to optimize the mixing of the plant and / or fungus to be treated. Such an embodiment is described in particular in EP2530059.

[0106] Such embodiments are advantageous in that they allow heat exchange between particles by convection, conduction and, at higher temperatures, by radiation. This permanent exchange allows precise balancing of the temperature of the particles at all times.

[0107] Advantageously, the microwave extraction step can be carried out via flash heat treatment, as described in FR2976062.

[0108] Advantageously, the microwave extraction device may further comprise conventional non-microwave heating means so as to preheat the material to be treated.

[0109] Advantageously, the microwave extraction device may further comprise conventional means for carrying out partial or total vacuum extraction. Preferably, the partial vacuum may advantageously be between 50mb and 300mb.

[0110] In the same extraction cycle, step (b1) of microwave extraction may comprise one or more microwave treatment sequences, identical or different, in particular in terms of their power, temperature and / or duration.

[0111] According to a particular embodiment, the device used for the microwave extraction step is that marketed under the names E200 to E2000, ECT200 to ECT1000 or ECS150 to ECS1000, by the company IDCO. In particular, a device for the microwave extraction step is the E200 marketed by the company IDCO.

[0112] The Applicant's use of this device goes against the recommendations for use of the supplier IDCO. Indeed, the supplier advises using this machine by placing the material to be treated in a receptacle (or bowl or tank) provided with holes, thus allowing the juice extracted during microwave extraction to percolate. In other words, the extraction product, as soon as it is formed, is no longer mechanically in contact with the material to be treated.

[0113] In the context of the present invention, the Applicant dispenses with the receptacle, thus making possible prolonged contact between the plant and / or the mushroom and the extracted juice throughout the microwave extraction step. In addition, this embodiment makes the subsequent maceration step mechanically possible, without handling the first aqueous extract.

[0114] Thus, in an extraction process according to the invention, the first aqueous extract, during step (b), in particular during step (b1) and during step (b2), remains in contact with the plant and / or the fungus.

[0115] Thus, the microwave extraction step is carried out without adding extraction solvent, using only native water, namely the water that is an integral part of the plant and / or fungus from the very beginning, and in particular the water that is an integral part of the cells of the plant and / or fungus. Step (b2) - second extraction step by maceration

[0116] In view of the above, the maceration extraction step is carried out without adding extraction solvent, using only the first aqueous extract, which is particularly advantageous.

[0117] Thus, the extraction solvent considered for this maceration extraction step is the first aqueous extract obtained at the end of step (b1).

[0118] Against all expectations, the Applicant also observed that step (b1) also allows the duration of step (b2) to be shortened, without significant harm to the extraction yield.

[0119] Preferably, step (b2) of extraction by maceration can be carried out for a period of between 1 minute and 5 hours, in particular between 5 minutes and 5 hours, preferably between 10 minutes and 4 hours, better still between 10 minutes and 3 hours, particularly between 1 hour and 2 hours, or even between 20 minutes and 40 minutes.

[0120] In the same extraction cycle, step (b2) of extraction by maceration may comprise one or more maceration treatment sequences, identical or different, in particular in terms of their temperature and / or duration.

[0121] According to a first variant, the maceration extraction step is carried out cold.

[0122] According to a first variant, the maceration extraction step is carried out hot.

[0123] The maceration extraction step is performed after the microwave extraction step. In other words, the maceration extraction step is initiated once the previously performed microwave extraction step is complete.

[0124] In view of the above, the maceration extraction step is carried out with, and within, the same device as that used for the microwave extraction step.

[0125] Preferably, the maceration extraction device may further comprise at least:

[0126] - a solution for brewing the plant and / or fungus to be treated; and / or

[0127] - a rotating tank forming a cavity preferably made of a refractory metal with low resistivity, driven in rotation by means allowing its speed to be varied so as to optimize the mixing of the plant and / or fungus to be treated. Such an embodiment is described in particular in EP2530059.

[0128] Additional step(s)

[0129] According to a particular embodiment, the extraction method according to the invention may further comprise, during step (b1), between steps (b1) and (b2) and / or after step (b2), at least one step (c) of cooling the first aqueous extract and / or the extract of interest.

[0130] This cooling step can be carried out in such a way that the first aqueous extract and / or the extract of interest is evacuated by tilting into a cooler, for example, by air whose air flow is ensured, for example, by a fan. One purpose of this cooler is to accelerate the cooling of the material. Another purpose of this cooler is to recover the heat emitted by the treated material after it leaves the enclosure, during the cooling step. The cooling of the treated material can, for example, be carried out by circulating, over the latter, an air flow, for example, by means of a fan or any other type of equivalent means.

[0131] According to a particular embodiment, the extraction method comprises a cooling step (c) simultaneous with step (b1), or even also with step (b2), carried out at the level of the tank (or receptacle) comprising the plant and / or the fungus. According to this embodiment, the tank of the device is advantageously provided with a double jacket, the cooling being carried out at the level of the external jacket. This embodiment is advantageous in that it makes it possible to condense the volatile materials extracted during step (b1), for example the essential oils, and therefore to optimize the composition and / or the extraction yield of the first aqueous extract, and therefore of the extract of interest.

[0132] According to another particular embodiment, an extraction method according to the invention may further comprise, before step (b), between steps (b1) and (b2) and / or after step (b2), and preferably after step (b2), at least one additional pressing step (d). This pressing step, carried out on the plant and / or the fungus, the first aqueous extract and / or the extract of interest, and preferably on the extract of interest, may be carried out using any suitable device, and in particular using a press. This pressing step ensures solid / liquid separation.

[0133] According to another particular embodiment, an extraction method according to the invention may further comprise, after step (b), and in particular after step (b2), at least one additional step (e) of filtration of the extract of interest. This filtration, carried out on the extract of interest, may be carried out using any suitable device, in particular using a sieve or a filter.

[0134] Filtration advantageously makes it possible to separate, at the level of the extract of interest, the "juice" from any fibers and other solid elements of the plant and / or fungus larger than the pores of the filter of the filtration device. Preferably, this filtration operation makes it possible to remove from the extract of interest any element larger than 0.2 microns (pm), which corresponds to the debacterization threshold.

[0135] Preferably, the filtration step is carried out using a plate filter, which allows descending through a filtration cascade, preferably down to 0.2 microns.

[0136] Advantageously, an extraction method according to the invention further comprises at least one additional pressing step (d) and at least one additional filtration step (e), where appropriate, steps (d) and (e) being simultaneous.

[0137] According to yet another particular embodiment, an extraction method according to the invention may further comprise, after step (b), and in particular after step (b2), at least one additional step (f) of mixing the extract of interest, where appropriate previously pressed and / or filtered, with at least one preservation phase, whereby a “diluted extract of interest” is obtained.

[0138] Preferably, a preservation phase may be chosen from glycerin, propanediol, butylene glycol, propylene glycol, and mixtures thereof, and preferably glycerin. This dilution is advantageous in that it makes it possible to avoid any bacterial growth, and therefore improved preservation of the product obtained from the extraction process according to the invention.

[0139] Preferably, the extract of interest is mixed with at least one preservation solvent in an “extract of interest / preservation phase” ratio of between 10 / 90 and 60 / 40, preferably between 20 / 80 and 50 / 50, and in particular between 30 / 70 and 40 / 60.

[0140] An extraction method according to the invention, in particular the microwave extraction step and the maceration extraction step, is advantageous in that it does not require, at the extraction steps, the addition of extraction solvent, such as, for example, glycerin, water, ethanol, isopropanol, propanediol, and mixtures thereof.

[0141] In particular, an extraction method according to the invention is advantageous in that:

[0142] - in pre-treatment, i.e. before step (b), in particular step (b1), above, it does not require a drying step and / or a grinding step of the plant and / or the mushroom; and / or

[0143] - between steps (b1) and (b2) above, it does not require drying steps and / or grinding steps and / or evaporation steps of the first aqueous extract; and / or

[0144] - in post-treatment, i.e. after step (b2) above, it does not require evaporation steps in extraction solvent(s) at the level of the extract of interest. Extract of interest

[0145] For the purposes of the present invention, an extract of interest comprises at least one active agent. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "active agent" means a compound having a beneficial physiological effect on the element on which it acts. It aims, for example, to protect, maintain in good condition, care for, cure, perfume, flavor or color. The extract of interest is advantageously a cosmetic, dermo-pharmaceutical, pharmaceutical or food agent.

[0146] Preferably, an active agent is selected from polyphenols, proteins, amino acids, peptides, sugars, minerals, vitamins, carotenoids, enzymes, and mixtures thereof.

[0147] Preferably, an active agent is a polyphenol (or "plant tannin", or "biophenol"). Polyphenols are a family of complex molecules that plants produce naturally to defend themselves against various attacks. They are characterized by the presence of at least two phenols associated in more or less complex structures, generally of high molecular weight.

[0148] A polyphenol can be chosen from phenolic acids (catechol, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid), flavones, chlorogenic acid, quinones, and mixtures thereof.

[0149] A polyphenol may be chosen from simple phenols, in particular phenolic acids and coumarins; naphthoquinones; stilbenoids (two C6 rings linked by two carbon atoms); flavonoids, in particular isoflavonoids and anthocyanins; polymerized forms, in particular lignans, lignins, condensed tannins; and mixtures thereof.

[0150] Also, polyphenols are commonly subdivided into flavonoids or non-flavonoids (resveratrol, phenolic acids, lignans).

[0151] A flavonoid-type polyphenol may be selected from a flavone (e.g., quercetin), a flavonol (e.g., catechin), an anthocyanidin, an isoflavone, a flavonone, a catechin, and mixtures thereof.

[0152] A non-flavonoid polyphenol can be chosen from stilbenes (eg resveratrol), phenolic acids, lignan, and mixtures thereof.

[0153] Preferably, the active agent may be selected from resveratrol, catechins, lignans, curcuminoids, and mixtures thereof. Composition

[0154] Preferably, an extract of interest can be used for the field of cosmetics, nutraceuticals, food, pharmaceuticals, etc.

[0155] Thus, an extract of interest can be implemented in a composition, in particular a cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical or food composition.

[0156] Preferably, a composition comprising at least one extract according to the invention is a cosmetic composition, in particular dedicated to the care and / or makeup of a keratin material, and in particular of the skin and / or hair.

[0157] The manufacture of a composition, and in particular the step of adding (or incorporating) the extract of interest according to the invention, falls within the general knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0158] A composition according to the invention may comprise between 0.01% and 20%, preferably between 0.1% and 10%, better still between 0.5% and 5%, and very particularly between 1% and 3%, by weight of extract(s) of interest, where appropriate of diluted extract(s) of interest, relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0159] Generally, such a composition further comprises at least one physiologically acceptable medium.

[0160] In the context of the invention, and unless otherwise stated, the term "physiologically acceptable medium" means a medium appropriate for the application in question, in particular for cosmetic applications, and suitable in particular for the application of a composition of the invention to a keratin material, in particular the skin and / or the hair, and more particularly the skin.

[0161] The physiologically acceptable medium is generally adapted to the nature of the support on which the composition is to be applied, as well as to the aspect in which the composition is to be packaged.

[0162] According to one embodiment, the physiologically acceptable medium is an aqueous phase, preferably in the form of a gel.

[0163] According to another embodiment, the physiologically acceptable medium is an oily phase, preferably in the form of a gel.

[0164] A composition comprising at least one extract of interest according to the invention may be in any form. Such a composition may be, for example, a cream, an emulsion (direct, inverse or multiple), a lotion, a serum, a gel and an oil for the skin (hands, face, feet, etc.), a foundation (liquid, paste), a preparation for baths and showers (salts, mousses, oils, gels, etc.), a hair care product (hair dyes and bleaches), a cleaning product (lotions, powders, shampoos), a hair care product (lotions, creams, oils), a styling product (lotions, hairsprays, brilliantines), a shaving product (soaps, mousses, lotions, etc.), a product intended to be applied to the lips, a sun product, a sunless tanning product, a product for whitening the skin, an anti-wrinkle product.In particular, a cosmetic composition can be an anti-aging serum, a youth serum, a moisturizing serum or a scented water.

[0165] A food composition comprising at least one extract of interest according to the invention may be, for example, a yogurt or a food supplement, in particular a liquid one.

[0166] Preferably, a composition comprising at least one extract of interest according to the invention is an emulsion, preferably macroscopic, that is to say in which the dispersed phase is in the form of drops visible to the naked eye, for example with a diameter of between 100 pm and 3000 pm, preferably between 250 pm and 1500 pm, kinetically stable and optionally monodisperse.

[0167] An emulsion can be a direct (i.e. oil-in-water), inverse (i.e. water-in-oil) or multiple, especially double (i.e. water-in-oil-in-water, oil-in-water-in-oil or oil-in-oil-in-water) emulsion.

[0168] The monodisperse character, as well as a measurement method, are defined in FR3041511.

[0169] Advantageously, an extract of interest according to the invention is implemented in a composition according to the invention in an encapsulated form.

[0170] In particular, a composition comprising at least one extract of interest according to the invention, in particular in which the extract of interest is implemented in an encapsulated form, is manufactured according to a method as described in WO2010063937, WO2012120043 or WO2018167309.

[0171] Preferably, a composition according to the invention is free of surfactant.

[0172] Additional compound(s)

[0173] An extract of interest, or even a composition comprising at least one extract of interest according to the invention, may further comprise at least one additional compound different from the extract of interest and the physiologically acceptable medium mentioned above.

[0174] An extract of interest, or even a composition comprising at least one extract of interest according to the invention, may further comprise at least powders; glitter; coloring agents, in particular chosen from water-soluble or non-water-soluble, fat-soluble or non-fat-soluble, organic or inorganic coloring agents, materials with an optical effect, liquid crystals, and mixtures thereof; particulate agents insoluble in the fatty phase; preservatives; humectants; stabilizers; chelators; emollients; modifying agents chosen from texture, viscosity (for example gelling / aqueous phase texture agents other than the aforementioned base), pH, osmotic force and / or refractive index modifiers, etc., or any usual cosmetic additive; and mixtures thereof.

[0175] The coloring agent is for example chosen from pigments, nacres (glitter), materials with an optical effect, in particular liquid crystals, and mixtures thereof, preferably pigments and / or nacres.

[0176] An extract of interest, or even a composition comprising at least one extract of interest according to the invention, may further comprise at least one biological / cosmetic active ingredient (or active agent) different from the extract of interest. The active agent is advantageously a cosmetic, dermo-pharmaceutical, pharmaceutical or food agent.

[0177] A biological / cosmetic active ingredient may be chosen from moisturizing agents, healing agents, depigmenting agents, UV filters, desquamating agents, antioxidant agents, active ingredients stimulating the synthesis of dermal and / or epidermal macromolecular agents, dermo-contracting agents, antiperspirant agents, soothing agents, anti-wrinkle agents, anti-irritant agents, tightening / smoothing agents, anti-cellulite agents, firming agents, sheathing agents, softening agents, emollient agents, slimming agents, protective / anti-free radical agents, draining agents, anti-inflammatory agents, whitening agents, self-tanning agents, exfoliating agents, agents stimulating cell renewal or stimulating skin microcirculation, absorbing agents, anti-dandruff agents and / or anti-aging agents, and mixtures thereof.

[0178] When the active agent is a pharmaceutical agent, it is advantageously chosen from anticoagulants, antithrombogenics, antimitotic agents, antiproliferation, antiadhesion, antimigration agents, cell adhesion promoters, growth factors, antiparasitic molecules, anti-inflammatories, angiogenics, angiogenesis inhibitors, vitamins, hormones, proteins, antifungals, antimicrobial molecules, antiseptics, antibiotics, and mixtures thereof.

[0179] The food agents are advantageously vegetable or fruit purees such as mango puree, pear puree, coconut puree, onion cream, leek cream, carrot cream, or other preparations that can mix several fruits or vegetables. Alternatively, they are oils such as a food oil, such as olive oil, soybean oil, grape seed oil, sunflower oil, or any other oil extracted from plants, as well as food active ingredients such as probiotics, yeasts, vitamins, minerals, oleoactives, and mixtures thereof.

[0180] An extract of interest, or even a composition comprising at least one extract of interest according to the invention, may further comprise excipients, such as thickeners, or rheology modifiers. These thickeners are, for example, polymers, cross-polymers, microgels, gums or proteins, including polysaccharides, celluloses, polysaccharides, silicone-based polymers and co-polymers, colloidal particles (silica, clays, latex, etc.), and mixtures thereof.

[0181] The additional compound(s), in particular the active ingredient(s), may be hydrophilic or lipophilic.

[0182] Of course, the person skilled in the art will take care to choose the possible additional compound(s) and / or their quantity in such a way that the advantageous properties of an extract of interest, or even of a composition comprising at least one extract of interest according to the invention, are not or are not substantially altered by the envisaged addition. In particular, the nature and / or the quantity of the additional compound(s) depend on the aqueous or fatty nature of the phase considered. These adjustments fall within the competence of the person skilled in the art.

[0183] Throughout the description, including the claims, the expression "comprising a" shall be understood as being synonymous with "comprising at least one", unless otherwise specified. The expressions "between ... and ...", "from ... to ..." and "ranging from ... to ..." shall be understood inclusively, unless otherwise specified.

[0184] The amounts of the ingredients appearing in the examples are expressed as a percentage by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, unless otherwise indicated. The following examples illustrate the present invention without limiting its scope.

[0185] EXAMPLES

[0186] Example 1 - Comparative study.

[0187] This comparative study focuses on the extraction yields of phenolic compounds obtained from borage microshoots (Borago officinalis L.) subjected to different extraction processes. These borage microshoots were obtained from a vertical farm culture and under controlled conditions.

[0188] Table 1 below describes the rating criteria considered. Tables 2a and 2b below provide information on (i) the different extraction processes implemented and (ii) their respective extraction yields of phenolic compounds. The fresh frozen plants underwent a freezing step at -5°C for 8 hours.

[0189] * TA = Ambient Temperature;

[0190] ** Native water = Water naturally present in the plant;

[0191] “* NA = Not Applicable. * TA = Ambient Temperature; ** Native Water = Water naturally present in the plant;

[0192] “* NA = Not Applicable.

[0193] In view of the results presented in Tables 2a and 2b above, it is observed that the extraction process according to the invention (test 5) is the one comprising the fewest unit steps while still having a satisfactory extraction yield, despite the absence of addition of extraction solvent.

[0194] This makes it the most efficient extraction process in terms of ease of implementation, safety, economy and respect for the environment (or eco-responsibility). Unexpectedly, an extraction process according to the invention is therefore particularly relevant from an economic and ecological point of view.

[0195] Example 2 - cosmetic composition for skin care

[0196] The cosmetic composition described in Table 3 below is obtained by means of a microfluidic process as described in WO2019145424.

[0197] * QSP: sufficient quantity for

[0198] ** Diluted extract of interest = extract of interest according to example 1 (i.e. test 5) with a preservation phase (i.e. glycerin) in a 20 / 80 ratio.

[0199] Preparation protocol:

[0200] For the OF:

[0201] - The carbomer is dispersed in the osmosis water and stirred for 2 hours using a deflocculating paddle.

[0202] - Glycerin, Propanediol (Zemea) and xanthan are then added. Following these additions, the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes.

[0203] - Phenoxyethanol (Microcare PE) and Pentylene Glycol (Microcare PTG) are added. The mixture is stirred for 5 min.

[0204] - The diluted extract of interest is then added while stirring.

[0205] - The soda is then added while stirring, until homogenized.

[0206] For the base (BF): The soda and water are mixed using a magnetic bar for 5 min.

[0207] For the IF:

[0208] - Amodimethicone is added to the oil and then mixed using a magnetic bar for 5 min.

[0209] - Heat the oil to 80°C then add the Rheopearl KL2 with magnetic stirring.

[0210] - This mixture is then placed in a water bath heated to 80°C with magnetic stirring for 1 hour.

[0211] The IF solution heated to 80°C is introduced into a syringe connected to a heater to keep the solution hot. To reduce heat loss, the microfluidic device was installed directly at the syringe outlet.

[0212] The microfluidic parameters for manufacturing the cosmetic composition are described in Table 4 below.

[0213] A macroscopic dispersion is obtained comprising a content of fatty phase drops (approximately 9%) and where the drops have an average diameter of approximately 950 pm.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Method for extracting at least one extract of interest obtained from at least one plant and / or at least one fungus, the method comprising at least the steps of: (a) have at least one plant and / or at least one fungus; (b) subjecting the plant and / or fungus to at least one extraction cycle comprising: (b1) at least a first microwave extraction step, whereby a first aqueous extract is obtained; and (b2) at least a second maceration step applied to the first aqueous extract obtained in step (b 1 ), whereby the extract of interest is obtained, and in which steps (b1 ) and (b2) are carried out without adding extraction solvent, said method not comprising a step of adding solvent(s) before step (b), and said method not comprising extraction with one or more supercritical fluids.

2. Method according to claim 1, in which step (a) is carried out using a plant and / or a fungus cultivated under controlled conditions, preferably in a cultivation unit ensuring total control of the cultivation conditions, in particular ensuring controlled regulation of water, humidity, temperature, and air quality and light supply, and in particular obtained by hydroponic or aquaponic cultivation.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the plant is chosen from plants, in particular mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms; algae; and mixtures thereof.

4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plant is chosen from garlic, alfalfa, almond, amaranth, dill, aragula, oats, azuki, basil, Swiss chard, beetroot, chard, wheat, broccoli, borage, canihua / kaniwa, carrot, celery, chervil, chia, chicory, cabbage, chives, chives, coriander, watercress, watercress, spelt, spinach, fennel, fenugreek, squash, sunflower, mung bean, kale, kamut, lentils, red lentils, green lentils, flax, corn, millet, mizuna, mustard, turnip, onion, barley, parsley, leek, chickpeas, peas, purslane, quinoa, radish, horseradish, rice, arugula, buckwheat, rye, sesame, soybeans, tatsoi, clover, cannabis, cucumber, oregano, broccoli, marshmallow, mallow, lemon balm, pansy, yarrow, Centella Asiatica, evening primrose, false pepper, shiso, purple coneflower, blueberry, blackberry, raspberry, olive tree, lemon tree, orange tree, pomelo, vine and in particular grape, strawberry, kiwi, cabbage, rapeseed, lamb's lettuce, melon, papaya, mango, pepper, tomato, watermelon, lychee, persimmon, apricot, apple, date, cherry, fig, pear, nectarine, artichoke, shallot, asparagus, eggplant, tea, ginger, and mixtures thereof.

5. Method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the fungus is chosen from Fungi, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Mycetozoa and mixtures thereof, preferably from the genera Agaricus, Lentinula, Pleurotus, Grifola, Hypsizygus, Auricularia, Flammulina, Volvariella, Agrocybe, Pholiota, Tricholoma, Tremella, and mixtures thereof.

6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which step (b) is carried out from at least one plant and / or at least one fresh mushroom, preferably from at least one plant and / or at least one fresh frozen mushroom.

7. Method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 6, in which step (b) is carried out from a germinated seed, a microgreen or a young shoot, preferably a microgreen.

8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which step (b1) of microwave extraction is carried out: - at a power between 600 W and 6000 W, preferably between 700 W and 5000 W, better between 800 W and 4000 W, and particularly between 1000 W and 2000 W; - for a period of between 1 minute and 3 hours, preferably between 2 minutes and 2 hours, better still between 5 minutes and 1 hour, in particular between 1 minute and 30 minutes, or even between 2 minutes and 20 minutes, and better still between 5 minutes and 10 minutes; and / or - at a temperature between 20°C and 120°C, preferably between 30°C and 100°C, and better still between 40°C and 80°C.

9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which step (b2) of extraction by maceration is carried out for a period of between 5 minutes and 5 hours, preferably between 10 minutes and 4 hours, better still between 10 minutes and 3 hours, particularly between 1 hour and 2 hours, or even between 20 minutes and 40 minutes.

10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the first aqueous extract, during step (b), in particular during step (b1) and during step (b2), remains in contact with the plant and / or the fungus.

11. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which step (b1) and step (b2) are carried out within the same extraction device, and preferably within the same receptacle.

12. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method further comprises, before step (b), between steps (b1) and (b2) and / or after step (b2), at least one additional pressing step (d).

13. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the method further comprises, after step (b2), at least one additional step (e) of filtration.

14. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the method further comprises, after step (b2), at least one additional step (f) of mixing the extract of interest, where appropriate previously pressed and / or filtered, with at least one preservation phase, preferably chosen from glycerin, propanediol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, and mixtures thereof, and preferably glycerin, whereby a diluted extract of interest is obtained.

15. Method according to the preceding claim, in which the extract of interest is mixed with at least one solvent in an “extract of interest / preservation phase” ratio of between 10 / 90 and 60 / 40, preferably between 20 / 80 and 50 / 50, and in particular between 30 / 70 and 40 / 60.

16. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the extract of interest comprises at least one active agent chosen from polyphenols, proteins, amino acids, peptides, sugars, minerals, vitamins, carotenoids, enzymes, and mixtures thereof, preferably polyphenols.

17. Composition, in particular cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical or food, comprising at least one extract of interest obtained by means of an extraction process according to any one of the preceding claims, optionally in association with at least one physiologically acceptable medium.

18. Composition according to the preceding claim, comprising between 0.01% and 20%, preferably between 0.1% and 10%, better still between 0.5% and 5%, and very particularly between 1% and 3%, by weight of extract(s) of interest, relative to the total weight of the composition.

19. Use of at least one extract of interest obtained by means of an extraction process according to any one of claims 1 to 16, for the manufacture of a composition, in particular cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical or food.

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