Method for measuring the concentration of a specific electrolyte in a blood sample

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a blood measuring strip (100) for measuring the specific electrolyte concentration in a blood sample using a read-out device (200), wherein the blood measuring strip (100) has an input region (1) for receiving the blood sample and a measuring region (3) connected to the input region (1), wherein a luminescent indicator dye is arranged in the measuring region (3), the intensity of the luminescence of said luminescent indicator dye being dependent on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample, characterised in that a luminescent reference dye is arranged in the measuring region (3), the intensity and decay time of the luminescence of said luminescent reference dye not being dependent on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample.

Description

[0001] Method for measuring the concentration of a specific electrolyte in a blood sample

[0002] The invention relates to a method for measuring the concentration of a specific electrolyte in a blood sample, preferably the potassium concentration in a blood sample, wherein a provided blood sample is introduced into an inlet region of a blood test strip and at least a portion of the blood sample is guided into a measuring region of the blood test strip; wherein the blood test strip is brought together with a reader, preferably inserted into a reader; wherein the specific electrolyte of the blood sample reacts with a luminescent indicator dye in the measuring region and wherein the indicator dye is excited with light by at least one light source of the reader, wherein the intensity of the luminescence of the indicator dye depends on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample.

[0003] It also relates to a blood test strip for measuring the concentration of a specific electrolyte in a blood sample, preferably the potassium concentration, using a reader, wherein the blood test strip has an input region for receiving the blood sample and a measuring region connected to the input region, wherein a luminescent indicator dye is arranged in the measuring region, the intensity of the luminescence of which depends on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample.

[0004] It also relates to a system for measuring the concentration of a specific electrolyte in a blood sample, preferably the potassium concentration.

[0005] Specific electrolyte concentration refers to the concentration of a specific electrolyte. Therefore, the concentration of a specific electrolyte is not the total concentration of all electrolytes in the blood sample. Typical electrolytes found in a blood sample include sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), lithium (Li + ), chloride (CI ), ammonium (NH4 + ), carbonate (HCO3 ) or iron (Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ ). Preferably, the specific electrolyte is selected from these.

[0006] Measurements using blood test strips have the enormous advantage of enabling fast and accurate measurements anywhere. These measurements are easy to perform and can even be performed by the patient themselves, without professional assistance.

[0007] In this sense, blood means whole blood, pretreated blood or just a component of the blood, for example serum or plasma.

[0008] Blood dipstick test systems are already known for a wide range of blood parameters, especially glucose concentration. However, very few blood dipsticks are known that are suitable for measuring specific electrolytes.

[0009] WO 2022 / 251736 A1 discloses a blood test strip that can determine the potassium concentration of a blood sample with the aid of a reader. This involves an optical method that utilizes ionophores, ion exchangers, and chromoionophores. All of the potassium in the sample is consumed during the chemical reaction, and the amount of potassium ions absorbed influences the color in the test strip. Thus, the potassium concentration is determined colorimetrically. The disadvantage of this method and strip design, however, is that the color change depends on the absolute amount of potassium in the sample. Therefore, a precisely defined amount of blood sample must be absorbed by the blood test strip to determine the potassium concentration. Furthermore, this measurement method is highly pH-sensitive and requires pretreatment of the blood sample.This strong influence of the measurement on the blood sample also makes this measurement method difficult to combine with the determination of other blood parameters in the same blood sample. All of this results in the measurement being either quite inaccurate or the measuring strips being complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the optically measured response depends on a number of other factors, such as the temperature or contamination of the blood sample. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for measuring at least the specific electrolyte concentration in a blood sample and a corresponding blood measuring strip that is cost-effective, yet particularly accurate, robust, and reliable.

[0010] This object is achieved according to the invention in that a luminescent reference dye is excited by the light source, wherein the intensity and the decay time of the luminescence of the reference dye do not depend on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample; in that the light emitted by the indicator dye and the reference dye upon excitation is detected by at least one detector of the reading device; and in that the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample is determined based on the phase shift or decay time of the signal detected by the detector.

[0011] It is also solved by arranging a luminescent reference dye in the measuring area, the intensity and decay time of which luminescence does not depend on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample.

[0012] It is also achieved in that the system comprises a reader and a blood test strip, wherein the blood test strip has an input region for receiving the blood sample and a measuring region connected to the input region, wherein a luminescent indicator dye is arranged in the measuring region, the intensity of the luminescence of which depends on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample, wherein in or on the blood test strip and / or in or on the reader a luminescent reference dye is arranged, the intensity and decay time of the luminescence of which does not depend on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample, and wherein the reader has at least one receiving region for receiving the blood test strip,at least one light source for exciting the indicator dye and the reference dye, and at least one detector for detecting the light emitted by the indicator dye and the reference dye upon excitation. Determination based on the phase shift of the signal detected by the detector means that the phase shift of the detected signal is included in the determination. It can therefore be provided that the determination also includes additional parameters or signals.

[0013] It is particularly useful if a measuring system for measuring the specific electrolyte concentration is provided with a blood test strip according to the invention and a reader, wherein the reader is provided with at least one receiving area for receiving the blood test strip, at least one light source for exciting the indicator dye and the reference dye of the blood test strip, and at least one detector for detecting the light emitted by the excitation of the indicator dye and the reference dye. The receiving area is usually an insertion channel whose cross-section is matched to that of the blood test strip. If necessary, a holding device for the blood test strip can be arranged in the receiving area, and the receiving area is at least partially formed by such a holding device.

[0014] The amplitude, i.e., the intensity of the signal emitted by the indicator dye, depends on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample. However, this amplitude can also be influenced by other factors such as temperature, pH, or impurities.

[0015] It can be provided that the light source has at least two illuminants whose light preferably has the same phase position, i.e. is not phase-shifted from one another. The light source preferably comprises at least one LED. Particularly preferably, it comprises at least two LEDs connected in series. This makes it possible to achieve the same phase position of the LEDs. Preferably, it is at least partially at least one ring LED. The light source can also have a plurality of subunits, which can be spatially and / or electrically separated from one another and each have at least one illuminant such as an LED.

[0016] The reference dye is a dye whose luminescence intensity and decay time do not depend on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample. This is essential for the effect of the reference dye. Preferably, at least one reference dye and at least one indicator dye have at least partially overlapping excitation and / or emission spectra. Preferably, the reference dye is inert, photostable, and / or has a long decay time. Preferably, the decay time of the reference dye is above 1 ps, above 5 ps, preferably above 10 ps, ​​particularly preferably above 50 ps, ​​and most preferably above 100 ps. Preferably, the decay time of the reference dye is at least 10 times longer, particularly preferably at least 50 times longer, and most preferably at least 100 times longer.

[0017] The reference dye preferably comprises at least one metal-ligand complex and / or at least one inorganic phosphor. Metal-ligand complexes generally have higher brightness but may require immobilization in gas-blocking polymers such as polyacrylonitrile. For example, the reference dye may comprise at least one ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex and / or inorganic phosphor, YABCO (chromium(III)-activated yttrium aluminum borate, Cr-YAB), and / or GABCO (chromium(III)-activated gadolinium aluminum borate, Cr-GAB).

[0018] It can be provided that the light source supplies the measuring area with light from at least two sides, wherein the sides preferably lie opposite one another. This can be achieved in particular by multiple subunits of the light source. Preferably, at least two subunits are arranged on opposite sides of the blood test strip when the blood test strip is arranged as intended in the receiving area, preferably when the blood test strip is in a measuring position and / or an adjustment position. Accordingly, it can also be provided that at least two subunits of the light source irradiate the blood test strip from two opposite sides. This can contribute to homogeneous irradiation and thus uniform excitation.

[0019] It can be provided that the indicator dye and / or the reference dye is excited with light from several sides, preferably at least from two opposite sides and / or in a ring shape.

[0020] Preferably, the recording area is darkened from the surroundings. This prevents ambient light, such as sunlight or artificial light sources indoors, from distorting the measurement.

[0021] Preferably, a temporal progression of the signal, in particular the temporal progression of the phase shift, is included in the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration. Particularly when a thicker layer of indicator and / or reference dye is used, it takes a certain amount of time for the blood and thus the electrolyte to reach the indicator dye and interact. The phase angle converges over a time window towards a stable value (steady state), which results from the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample. This steady state can be deduced from the curve progression of the phase angle over the measurement time, and thus the specific electrolyte concentration can be determined, resulting in greater reproducibility and robustness.Accordingly, it is also advantageous if the computing unit is designed to include a temporal course of the signal, in particular the temporal course of the phase shift, in the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration.

[0022] In this respect, it may also be advantageous if the blood test strip has a layer comprising the indicator substance and that the layer has a thickness of at most 20 pm, particularly preferably at most 30 pm and / or at least 5 pm, particularly preferably at least 10 pm.

[0023] It may also be provided that the temporal course of the signal intensity, a luminescence decay time, a kinetics of a signal increase, a spectral shift of the signal or the like is included in the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration.

[0024] Furthermore, it can be provided that the light source excites the reference dye and / or the indicator dye with at least two signals of different frequencies and that the light emitted by the indicator dye and the reference dye as a result of the excitation by the at least two signals is detected by at least one detector of the reader; and that the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample is determined based on the at least two detected signals. Preferably, the excitation with the signals takes place one after the other, as does their detection. This exploits the fact that sometimes the phase shift of the signal of one dye, in particular the reference dye, can depend on the frequency of the excitation signal, but the phase shift of the other dye, in particular the indicator dye, does not depend, or depends to a lesser extent.At higher excitation frequencies, the phase shift of one dye increases due to its longer half-life, which can lead to a substantially uniform output signal. From the signals thus determined, the respective signal components of the reference dye and indicator dye and / or the mixing ratio can be determined, thus increasing the evaluation accuracy. In this case, it is preferably provided that at least one signal has a period that is less than twice the half-life, preferably less than the half-life of a dye, in particular the reference dye, and / or that at least one signal has a period that is greater than twice the half-life, preferably greater than three times the half-life of a dye, in particular the reference dye.In this sense, it is also advantageous if the light source is configured to excite the reference dye and / or the indicator dye with at least two signals of different frequencies and / or the at least one detector of the reading device is configured to detect the light emitted by the indicator dye and the reference dye upon excitation by the at least two signals and / or the computing unit is configured to determine the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample based on the at least two detected signals. Preferably, the excitation with the signals occurs one after the other, as does their detection.

[0025] Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one reference light signal is generated, preferably by the at least one light source and / or at least one reference light source, and that the at least one reference light signal is detected by the at least one detector, and that the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample takes place taking into account the reference light signal detected by the detector. Accordingly, it can also be provided that the reading device has at least one reference light source which is configured to transmit at least one reference light signal to the at least one detector. In this way, a condition and / or a change in the detector, for example aging, can be detected and included in the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration. In particular, this can enable calibration of the measuring electronics in order to increase or standardize the measuring accuracy of the electronics.

[0026] Preferably, at least one parameter such as the phase, the spectrum and / or the intensity of the at least one reference light signal is known and / or defined.

[0027] Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one parameter of a detected reference light signal is stored in at least one electronic memory and / or that at least one parameter of at least one detected reference light signal is compared with at least one parameter of at least one parameter of at least one reference light signal stored in an electronic memory.

[0028] It can also be provided that the reference light signal is directed onto or through the blood test strip before reaching the detector. This additionally allows properties or conditions of the blood test strip to be detected and included in the determination.

[0029] Preferably, the generation and detection of the reference light signal occurs before or after the excitation of the reference dye and indicator dye and the detection of the resulting signal.

[0030] In the measuring area, the indicator dye can be mixed with the reference dye. However, it can also be arranged so that the indicator dye and the reference dye are spatially separated, at least partially. For example, one half of the measuring area can contain the indicator dye and the other half the reference dye. However, it is important that the dyes are arranged in such a way that the measurement of the sum signal of the two light signals from the dyes is possible.

[0031] In particular, it can be provided that the indicator dye and the reference dye are spatially at least partially separated and that the indicator dye is preferably arranged in a first layer of the blood test strip, preferably a first film, particularly preferably a first side of the first film, and the reference dye is arranged in a second layer of the blood test strip, preferably a second film and / or a second side of the first film. The dyes can be applied to the respective film and / or contained therein. It can also be provided that the first and second layers have at least one mixing region in which they mix.

[0032] It can be provided that the indicator dye and reference dye at least partially overlap in projection to the plane of the blood test strip. The plane of the blood test strip refers to the plane along which the blood test strip essentially extends. Typically, the blood test strip is flat and elongated, thus defining the plane.

[0033] Preferably, the reference dye is excited by the light source in the measurement area. In this sense, it is advantageous if the system comprises at least one blood test strip according to the invention.

[0034] It may be advantageous for the reference dye to be arranged in the measuring area of ​​the blood test strip.

[0035] It can also be provided that the reference dye is arranged in another part of the blood test strip and / or that the reference dye is arranged in or on the reading device.

[0036] It can be provided that in at least part of the measuring range, preferably in the entire measuring range, the indicator dye and the reference dye are mixed together and / or present in the same layer and / or in the same polymer matrix. This makes it particularly easy to achieve a constant mixing ratio. "Mixed together" means that the two dyes are blended together. The dyes do not have to be in the same state of aggregation.

[0037] It is particularly advantageous if the indicator dye is arranged in a first layer of the blood test strip, preferably a first film, and the reference dye is arranged in a second layer of the blood test strip, preferably a second film. Accordingly, the measuring area can therefore have two or more different, partially or completely separate parts. The first layer and second layer are at least partially part of the measuring area. This makes it easier to achieve a homogeneous, reproducible mixing ratio. Preferably, the first layer and the second layer are separated from each other by at least one separating layer, wherein the separating layer is preferably a carrier layer such as a carrier film or a carrier plate. This simplifies the construction.In this case, preferably the first layer and the second layer, and particularly preferably also the separation layer, and most preferably all layers between the first and second layers, are transparent to the exciting light from the light source and / or the signal. This enables detection from only one side, the separation layer.

[0038] Preferably, the indicator dye is arranged in a first polymer matrix, and the reference dye is arranged in a second polymer matrix. The first and second polymer matrices are preferably spatially separated from each other. The first and second polymer matrices can be made of the same or different materials.

[0039] The first layer may comprise a polymer matrix and / or the second layer may comprise a polymer matrix, wherein preferably the first and second layers each comprise a polymer matrix.

[0040] By using a reference dye in combination with an indicator dye, e.g., a dye sensitive to the specific electrolyte, such as a potassium-sensitive dye, the dual-lifetime referencing method can be used to measure the specific electrolyte concentration. This enables an accurate measurement that is largely insensitive to impurities and other parameter changes in the blood sample.

[0041] The light emitted by the reference indicator exhibits a decay time or phase shift relative to the excitation signal that is independent of the analyte. By jointly evaluating the sum signal from the light emission of the indicator dye and the reference dye, the electrolyte concentration-related amplitude change of the indicator dye is converted into a robust decay time or phase change. Thus, the specific electrolyte concentration is not calculated based on the amplitude of the luminescence response of the indicator dye alone; instead, a reference value from the measured decay or phase behavior of the overall signal is used to determine the specific electrolyte concentration. By incorporating a decay time or phase shift of the measured signal relative to the light used for excitation, the specific electrolyte concentration can be robustly determined.

[0042] A change in amplitude, e.g., due to contamination, affects both indicators equally and thus compensates for each other. This makes the measurement independent of interference factors, allowing for a simple yet robust measurement using the blood test strip.

[0043] Accordingly, it is particularly advantageous if the reading device has a computing unit designed to evaluate the signal detected by the detector and to determine the specific electrolyte concentration based on the decay time or phase shift.

[0044] The particular advantage of the invention also lies in the fact that the reading device can be constructed simply and thus inexpensively. All that is required is one or more light sources that provide the light at the required wavelengths to excite the indicator and reference dyes, as well as one or more detectors that can detect the light at the wavelengths emitted by these dyes through their luminescence. In the simplest case, this can be achieved by a single light source and a single detector, or alternatively, by two or more of each.

[0045] A further advantage of this method is that luminescent indicator dyes usually bind reversibly to the electrolyte, preferably potassium. This creates an equilibrium between the electrolyte bound to the indicator dye and the free electrolyte or free indicator dye. Thus, the luminescence response of the indicator dye does not depend on the absolute number of free electrolyte ions in the provided blood sample, but rather on the specific electrolyte concentration—which is also to be determined. Thus, it is not important how much blood sample is actually brought to interact with the indicator dye, as long as a minimum amount is available for measurement. This minimum amount, however, is very small and lies in the range of a few microliters, for example, 5–15 microliters.

[0046] Furthermore, the blood sample does not need to be prepared in advance to enable accurate measurement. Another advantage is that the indicator dye is not consumed due to its reversible binding to electrolyte ions. This makes the blood test strips easy to clean and reuse. This enables particularly resource-efficient use, which is particularly important in professional settings such as hospitals, laboratories, or doctor's offices. The fact that such a blood test strip is also easily sterilizable enables simple production and, at the same time, reusability.

[0047] In addition, such a blood test strip can easily be used to determine another parameter, such as pH, glucose, or sodium. The additional or other parameter can also include: electrolyte parameters (Na + , K +, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Li + , Cl", pH, NH4 + , HCO3), degree of hemolysis, hemoglobin, lipids, blood gases (e.g., PO2, PCO2), coagulation parameters, and / or metabolites such as lactate, creatinine, urea, and / or ketones. Since the blood sample does not need to be altered to measure the specific electrolyte concentration, these measurements can even be performed within the same measurement range.

[0048] It can also be provided that the blood test strip has at least one further measuring area, which is preferably configured to measure at least one other parameter (see the list of examples in the last paragraph), and that the at least one measuring area is connected to an input area. In this sense, it can be provided that at least a portion of the blood sample is guided from an input area into at least one further measuring area of ​​the blood test strip, preferably for measuring at least one other parameter.

[0049] The input range of the further measuring range is preferably the same input range of the measuring range, but it can also be provided that the input range of the further measuring range is a further input range which is different from the input range of the measuring range.

[0050] Preferably, at least one further luminescent indicator dye is arranged in this further measuring region, the luminescence of which depends on the at least one other parameter of the blood sample. Preferably, at least one further luminescent reference dye is arranged in this further measuring region, wherein the intensity and decay time of the luminescence of the reference dye do not depend on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample. The further reference dye can comprise the reference dye or correspond to the reference dye. In this sense, it can also be provided that the light emitted by the further indicator dye and the reference dye upon excitation is detected by at least one detector of the reading device; and that the further parameter of the blood sample is determined based on the phase shift of the signal detected by the detector.

[0051] Alternatively, it may also be provided that a different detection method is used for the at least one parameter.

[0052] The measuring range and the at least one further measuring range can be connected in parallel with the input range and / or in series with the input range. Serial means that at least one of the

[0053] Measuring areas are connected to the input area via at least one other measuring area, so that the blood from the input area must first flow through one measuring area before it reaches the other measuring area.

[0054] It can be provided that the measuring area and at least one further measuring area are arranged on different sides of the blood test strip.

[0055] It may also be the case that the measuring area and at least one other measuring area are arranged in different layers of the blood test strip.

[0056] The measuring range refers to a spatial area in which the indicator dye and the reference dye are arranged.

[0057] Preferably, the light source excites the indicator dye and the reference dye with a time-varying light signal, i.e., an oscillating signal such as a sinusoidal light signal or a plus-wave light signal. The detector thus receives the equally oscillating light signals of the two dyes as a response signal, and measurements can be taken continuously and repeatedly, or, in the case of a pulsed light signal, specific time windows of the light pulse or the afterglow after the light source is switched off can be measured. Accordingly, the light source can be configured to generate an oscillating or pulsed light signal.

[0058] The entire blood sample does not need to be fed into the measuring area. It can be designed so that only a certain volumetric portion is fed into the measuring area. It can also be designed so that only certain components are fed into the measuring area, for example, only the blood plasma.

[0059] The above-mentioned procedural steps do not necessarily have to be performed in the specified order. Procedural steps may be performed in a different order and / or may overlap and / or occur simultaneously.

[0060] The control of the light source and / or the detector and / or the evaluation of the measurement results and determination of the specific electrolyte concentration can be carried out by a computing unit of the reading device.

[0061] A luminescent dye is a substance that, upon excitation by light of a specific wavelength, emits light of a specific wavelength, possibly through interaction with another substance (as is the case with an indicator dye with electrolyte ions), or changes the wavelength of the emitted light depending on the interaction with the other substance. Fluorescence and temporally offset phosphorescence are possible modes of action.

[0062] Preferably, the indicator dye responds to the excitation by fluorescence and / or the reference dye responds to the excitation by phosphorescence. This allows a response from the indicator dye without a phase shift relative to the excitation signal and a phase-shifted response from the reference dye to be achieved.

[0063] In order to obtain the clearest possible signal and to avoid falsifications, it can be provided that at least the erythrocytes of the blood sample, preferably all cellular components of the blood sample, are retained from entering the measuring area, preferably by passing the blood sample through a separation membrane before entering the measuring area. Since generally only the extracellular electrolyte concentration is relevant, such filtering does not harm the measurement. This is particularly relevant when determining the potassium concentration, since the intracellular potassium concentration is considerably higher. The same applies mutatis mutandis if it is provided that the blood test strip has a separation membrane between the inlet area and the measuring area to retain at least the erythrocytes of the blood sample, preferably all cellular components of the blood sample.

[0064] Preferably, the measuring region is connected to at least one detection region, the measuring region being arranged along the flow connection between the inlet region and the detection region. In this detection region, at least one property of the blood sample can preferably be optically assessed. For example, it can be determined whether a sufficient blood sample has been introduced into the blood test strip to enable a correct measurement to be carried out. Preferably, the blood test strip is transparent on at least one side in the region of the detection region. In this sense, it is also advantageous if at least one property of the blood sample is assessed by carrying out an optical assessment of a detection region that is in flow connection with the measuring region.

[0065] Particularly preferably, the blood test strip has at least one separation membrane between the measuring area and the detection area to retain at least the erythrocytes of the blood sample, preferably all cellular components of the blood sample. This allows a property or condition of the blood sample, for example, its degree of hemolysis, to be determined in the detection area.

[0066] The necessary blood samples have very small volumes. Therefore, they are usually obtained by puncture, such as fingerstick. This can result in some cells being damaged or destroyed and their intracellular electrolytes entering the liquid component of the blood sample. Since the potassium concentration in the cells, in particular, is significantly higher than in the extracellular space, this can distort the measurement. It is therefore particularly advantageous if the degree of hemolysis in the blood sample is determined, preferably optically and / or preferably by measuring the free hemoglobin in the blood plasma, and if the determined degree of hemolysis is included in the determination of the electrolyte concentration, in particular the potassium concentration. Accordingly, the reader can be configured to determine the degree of hemolysis in the blood sample.This can be achieved, for example, by determining the amount of erythrocytes and / or free hemoglobin in the blood plasma by color determination. Based on this amount, the amount of electrolytes released from the hemolyzed cells is inferred, and this is incorporated into the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration. This integration can, for example, include changing the electrolyte value depending on the determined degree of hemolysis and / or determining the quality of the specific electrolyte measurement depending on the degree of hemolysis. For example, it can be provided that a specific electrolyte measurement is assessed as valid or invalid depending on the determined degree of hemolysis.For example, a specific electrolyte measurement can be assessed as invalid if the degree of hemolysis on a first side is, in particular, above a predetermined threshold value and can be assessed as valid if the degree of hemolysis on a second side is, in particular, below the predetermined threshold value.

[0067] It can be provided that the light source supplies the measuring area with light from one side and the detector detects the light emitted by the excitation from the opposite side or from the same side. This can be achieved by arranging at least part of the recording area between the light source and the detector. In other words, either a transmitted light method can be used, in which the dyes are excited from one side and their light emissions are detected from the opposite side, or a backlight method is used, in which the emitted light is detected from the same side from which the dye is excited. If the transmitted light principle is used, it must be ensured that the light of the respective relevant wavelengths can reach the dyes from both sides and from the dyes to the detector.This can be achieved, for example, by arranging the dyes between transparent holding layers. If the backlight principle is used, it is only necessary that the light of the respective relevant wavelengths can pass from the side facing the detector and the light source to the dyes and from the dyes to the detector. Accordingly, it can also be provided that the measuring area is located between the light source and the detector when the blood test strip is positioned as intended in the receiving area, or that the light source and the detector are located on the same side of the blood test strip when the blood test strip is positioned as intended in the receiving area.

[0068] It is particularly advantageous if, in addition to the specific electrolyte concentration, at least one further blood parameter of the blood sample is determined, preferably using at least one further indicator dye. In this way, more than one blood parameter can be determined using one test strip. In this case, it can be provided that the measurement of the further parameter takes place at a different time or location than the measurement of the specific electrolyte concentration. For example, it can be provided that the measurement of the further parameter takes place in a further measuring area which can be separate from the measuring area for the specific electrolyte concentration or adjacent to it. Accordingly, it can be provided that at least one further measuring area is connected to the transport channel for measuring the further parameter.The same applies if the blood test strip has at least one additional dye for measuring at least one additional BI parameter of the blood sample, wherein this additional dye is preferably arranged spatially separate from the indicator dye. Additional light sources and / or detectors configured to measure the additional BI parameter may also be provided.

[0069] The further blood parameter(s) are preferably selected from the following examples: temperature, pH value, sodium value, potassium value, calcium value, magnesium value, a cholesterol value such as total cholesterol, LDL or HDL, iron value, number of platelets, erythrocytes and / or leukocytes, and / or clotting time. The further blood parameter may further comprise: electrolyte parameters (Li + , Cl", pH, NH4 +, HCO3 ), degree of hemolysis, hemoglobin, lipids, blood gases (e.g. pC , PCO2), coagulation parameters, and / or metabolites such as lactate, creatinine, urea and / or ketones.

[0070] The measurement of the additional parameter can be carried out using a luminescent dye, analogous to the specific electrolyte concentration measurement.

[0071] Alternatively, other measurement methods such as other optochemical methods, spectroscopic methods, or electrochemical methods can be used.

[0072] Furthermore, it can be advantageous that in addition to the specific electrolyte concentration, the temperature of the blood sample is determined, preferably using a temperature-sensitive dye, and that the temperature is preferably determined in a temperature measuring range that differs from the measuring range. Since temperature can have a strong influence on the measurement of the specific electrolyte concentration, this influence can be at least partially compensated for by measuring the temperature of the blood sample. This temperature-sensitive dye can be the reference dye or another dye. In the former case, it can be provided that a further reference measurement is provided. Accordingly, it can be provided that the blood test strip has at least one temperature-sensitive dye for determining the temperature.Alternative temperature measurement methods would be, for example, measuring the infrared radiation of the blood sample or providing an infrared measuring device in the reader to determine the temperature.

[0073] It can also be provided that the reader at least partially regulates the temperature of the blood test strip. Accordingly, the reader can also have a temperature control device for the blood test strip. This allows a defined temperature to be set and its influence on the measurement to be reduced. Preferably, the temperature control is carried out at least partially via at least one Peltier element, particularly preferably of the reader. In this sense, it can be advantageous for the temperature control device to comprise at least one Peltier element. One advantage can be seen in the fact that this also allows the temperature to be measured, particularly at high ambient temperatures.

[0074] It can be provided that the blood sample penetrates a polymer matrix, preferably a hydrogel, in the measuring area, in which the indicator dye and preferably also the reference dye are arranged. Accordingly, it can also be provided that at least in the measuring area a polymer matrix, preferably a hydrogel, in which the indicator dye and the reference dye are arranged is arranged. This enables stable storage of the dyes in the blood test strip, since the polymer matrix can immobilize the dyes. At the same time, it can absorb the blood sample and thus bring it into contact with the dyes. Hydrogels are particularly suitable for this because they are hydrophilic. A further advantage of the polymer matrix is ​​that the ratio of the dyes to one another can be precisely adjusted. The polymer matrix can be prepared first, and then the precisely measured amount of indicator dye and reference dye can be introduced.Alternatively, at least one of the indicator dye or the reference dye can be incorporated into a polymer matrix base and the polymer matrix can then be produced from this.

[0075] The polymer matrix preferably contains at least one reflective substance, for example, titanium oxide, preferably titanium(IV) oxide. This leads to better detectability of the luminescence signals. Accordingly, it can also be provided that the signals from the dyes are reflected by at least one reflective substance, for example, titanium oxide, in the polymer matrix.

[0076] It is particularly advantageous if, prior to applying the blood sample, the indicator dye and preferably also the reference dye, preferably together with the polymer matrix, are applied to a carrier surface of the blood test strip using a continuous or discontinuous coating process, preferably using a dispensing process and / or piezo-jet process and / or with the aid of doctor blade coating and / or screen printing and / or rotary screen printing and / or aerosol jet printing and / or ultrasonic spraying. This enables the cost-effective production of a large number of blood test strips, while simultaneously allowing the precise adjustment of the dye concentration and achieving high measurement accuracy and reproducibility.The same applies if it is provided that the polymer matrix is ​​arranged on a transparent outer film of the blood test strip and is preferably printed by means of a continuous printing process such as a dispensing process and / or piezo jet, and / or is applied by means of doctor blade printing and / or screen printing and / or rotary screen printing and / or aerosol jet printing.

[0077] It is particularly advantageous if the blood sample is guided from the inlet area via a transport channel to the measuring area, and if the air preferably escapes downstream of the measuring area along the transport channel through at least one air outlet opening. In this way, a spatial separation between the inlet area and the measuring area can be achieved and the measuring area can be better protected from external influences or contamination. The same applies if the blood test strip has a transport channel for transporting the blood sample, along which the inlet area and the measuring area are arranged, and if an air outlet opening is preferably provided along the transport channel for the air to escape, and if the measuring area is particularly preferably arranged along the transport channel between the inlet area and the air outlet opening.The air outlet ensures that the blood sample can flow smoothly along the channel and that no excess pressure builds up within the channel. The channel is preferably essentially closed to prevent contamination or tampering.

[0078] It can be provided that a transport material is arranged in the transport channel. This is preferably designed to accelerate the blood flow from the inlet area to the measuring area. The material of the transport material preferably comprises at least one porous membrane material or a fiber material, particularly preferably paper or cellulose.

[0079] It is particularly advantageous if, preferably before the detection of the light emitted by the indicator dye and the reference dye through the excitation, at least one adjustment measurement is carried out, in which a. at least one luminescent adjustment dye is excited with light by at least one light source (201) of the readout device (200) and that; b. the light emitted by the adjustment dye through the excitation is detected by at least one detector (202) of the readout device (200) and that; c. the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration is carried out based on the detected signal of the adjustment dye.

[0080] Alternatively or additionally, at least one adjustment measurement can also be performed after and / or during the detection of the light emitted by the indicator dye and the reference dye upon excitation. Such an adjustment measurement can increase the accuracy of the measurement. The adjustment performed in this way can, for example, be a calibration, an alignment, or a tuning, in which the measured signal of the reference and indicator dye is preferably related to the signal of the adjustment dye. Thus, instead of or in addition to the absolute parameters of the signal of the reference and indicator dye, the relative parameters in relation to the signal of the adjustment dye can also be included in the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration. "The determination based on the detected signal" means that the detected signal is included in the determination.In the case of the adjustment measurement signal, for example, a change in the signal of the reference and indicator dye, for example due to aging, can be detected and the signal can be corrected accordingly.

[0081] It can be provided that the calibration dye is part of the reading device. This allows the calibration measurement to be performed independently of the blood test strips, and no prior placement of the calibration dye is required. In this sense, it can be provided that at least one calibration measurement involves the use of calibration dye that is part of the reading device to perform steps a) and b).

[0082] "Part of the reader" means that the alignment dye cannot be removed or replaced by the user during normal operation. For example, the alignment dye may be incorporated into a coating of the reader.

[0083] It is particularly advantageous if at least one adjustment measurement includes introducing the adjustment dye into the reading device before or during step a).

[0084] It can be provided that an adjustment solution comprising the adjustment dye is introduced into the reading device, for example by dropping or pipetting.

[0085] It can also be provided that an adjustment measuring strip having an adjustment measuring area in which adjustment dye is arranged is brought together with the reading device. A adjustment measuring strip separate from the blood measuring strip allows the use of the same adjustment measuring strip for multiple measurements. It can be provided that the adjustment measuring strip is inserted into the receiving area of ​​the reading device, into which the blood measuring strip is also inserted. It can also be provided that the adjustment measuring strip is inserted into an adjustment receptacle of the reading device. In this way, the blood measuring strip can be measured independently of the adjustment measuring strip.

[0086] Particularly if the calibration dye is to be introduced into the reader before or during step a), it can be advantageous if the same calibration dye is used for calibration measurements until a predetermined interval is reached. This allows the calibration dye to be used multiple times. The interval can comprise a number of measurements from blood test strips and / or a period of time. For example, it can be provided that the calibration dye is used until a set of test strips or a batch of blood test strips is used up. This period can prevent the calibration dye from being used for too long, which could lead to aging-related incorrect measurements.

[0087] It can be provided that an adjustment dye is arranged in an adjustment measurement area of ​​the blood test strip for performing at least one adjustment measurement. This enables adjustment and the actual measurement with only one test strip. In this sense, it is also advantageous if the blood test strip has at least one adjustment measurement area in which at least one luminescent adjustment dye is arranged, and that the adjustment measurement area is preferably connected to the input area.

[0088] It can be provided that at least a portion of the blood sample is introduced into at least one calibration measurement area, preferably of the blood test strip, before or during step a). It can be provided that the intensity and / or decay time of the luminescence of the calibration dye depends on at least one parameter of the blood sample, for example, pH, temperature, or the presence or concentration of at least one substance. This enables better interpretation of the measurement results.

[0089] The connection to the input range can be made directly, for example, via a channel connecting the input range to the calibration measuring range. It can also be made indirectly, for example, via a connection between the calibration measuring range and the measuring range or via a channel connecting the measuring range and the input range.

[0090] It is particularly preferred that the blood test strip

[0091] - is brought together with the reading device (200) in an adjustment position, and that at least one adjustment measurement is carried out in this adjustment position;

[0092] - is brought together with the reading device (200) in a measuring position, and in that in the measuring position o the indicator dye is excited with light by the at least one light source (201) of the reading device (200), wherein the intensity of the luminescence of the indicator dye depends on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample; o the luminescent reference dye is excited by the light source (201), wherein the intensity and the decay time of the luminescence of the reference dye do not depend on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample; o the light emitted by the indicator dye and the reference dye as a result of the excitation is detected by at least one detector (202) of the reading device (200); wherein the adjustment position and the measuring position are different positions. Position here means the spatial arrangement of the reading device in relation to the blood test strip.Preferably, the blood test strip is arranged in the same receiving area of ​​the reader for both the adjustment position and the measurement position. This enables independent adjustment without disturbing the actual measurement and vice versa. Provision can be made for the blood test strip and the reader to be brought together first in the adjustment position or first in the measurement position. In this sense, it is advantageous if the adjustment dye comprises the reference dye and / or a zero indicator dye. If the adjustment dye comprises the reference dye, the adjustment measurement can at least partially comprise the excitation of the reference dye according to the invention, the detection of the light emitted by the indicator dye and the reference dye upon excitation, and the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample based on the phase shift of the signal detected by the detector according to the independent method claim.

[0093] By using the reference dye, at least one property of the reference dye, such as aging of the reference dye, can be detected and included in the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration. The zero indicator dye is a substitute material for the electrolyte-dependent indicator dye. This can be used during calibration. It provides an amplitude at zero phase, i.e., due to the very short luminescence decay time (typically in the ns range) – relative to the temporal resolution of the measurement system and the excitation frequency used – with virtually no measurable phase shift, which is also electrolyte-independent.

[0094] In particular, if the calibration dye comprises the reference dye, it can be provided that a region of the blood test strip represents both the calibration region or a part of the calibration region and the measurement region or a part of the measurement region. In this case, a region can be used dual-purpose.

[0095] It can be provided that the alignment measurement and the actual measurement described above are performed simultaneously. In this regard, it may be useful for the readout device to have at least one additional light source for exciting the alignment dye and / or at least one additional detector for detecting the light emitted by the alignment dye upon excitation. It is particularly advantageous in this regard if the readout device has at least one alignment receiving area for receiving an alignment measuring strip. The alignment measurement can be performed dry or wet.

[0096] Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one adjustment measurement uses at least one reference dye and / or at least one indicator dye of the measuring range, which is also used in the detection of the light emitted by the indicator dye and the reference dye upon excitation, and that this adjustment measurement preferably takes place before at least part of the blood sample is introduced into the measuring range. The adjustment measurement can include the measurement of the decay time, intensity and / or phase shift. Thus, in particular if this adjustment measurement takes place before at least part of the blood sample is introduced, the reference dye and indicator dye can be measured in the dry state in the measuring range. In this way, fluctuations from test strip production, strip-to-strip variations within a batch and / or aging of the test strips can be detected and this calculation can be included.

[0097] According to the invention, a set of test strips for measuring the specific electrolyte concentration in a blood sample using a reader can also be provided, wherein the set comprises at least one blood test strip according to the invention, wherein the set comprises at least one adjustment test strip which has at least one adjustment measuring region in which at least one luminescent adjustment dye is arranged, and wherein the adjustment measuring region is preferably connected to an input region of the adjustment test strip. In addition to the blood test strips according to the invention, the set can also comprise other test strips, in particular blood test strips, for example blood test strips for measuring other blood parameters. By means of such a set, in particular aging of the blood test strips by the adjustment test strip can be included in the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration.Such sets are typically stored and transported together, meaning the test strips are essentially exposed to the same environmental impacts. A system according to the invention may comprise such a set.

[0098] It is advantageous if a hydrophilic transport material, preferably embodied as a hydrophilic film, is arranged in the transport channel and preferably also in the measuring area. This improves the transport of the blood sample along the channel. The blood test strip preferably has a carrier plate. This plate serves to provide the blood test strip with the necessary mechanical strength. This carrier plate can have openings or recesses, for example, the air outlet opening and / or openings that are part of or constitute the inlet area.

[0099] If the transmitted-light method is used, the carrier plate can be transparent, at least in part of the measuring area, or even the entire carrier plate, to allow the light from the light source or the luminescence signals of the dyes to pass through. If the backlight method is used, it is advantageous if the carrier plate is essentially monochrome, preferably black, at least on the side facing the dyes, so that interfering light signals are suppressed as much as possible.

[0100] Preferably, at least a part of the inlet region, at least a part of the measuring region, and / or at least a part of the transport channel is formed by at least one hydrophilic film. This improves the flow of the sample. It is preferably a plastic film, particularly preferably comprising polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and / or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and / or polycarbonate (PC). Preferably, the hydrophilic film has at least one hydrophilic coating and / or hydrophilic surface treatment. Particularly preferably, the hydrophilic coating and / or hydrophilically modified surface is directed toward the measuring region and / or at least a part of the transport channel.

[0101] Such surface treatments may include at least one treatment with acids (e.g. trichloroacetic acid) or alkalis, plasma treatment and / or corona treatment.

[0102] Preferably, the entry area extends across the entire width of the blood test strip. This creates a particularly large entry area and thus facilitates sample application.

[0103] Preferably, the width of the entrance area narrows at least partially toward the measuring area. This improves the flow of the sample toward the measuring area.

[0104] Preferably, the carrier plate and / or the cover film are at least partially interrupted along the entire width of the blood test strip in the region of the entry area. This increases the flexibility of the strip.

[0105] Preferably, at least one indicator dye is selected from the group of coumarin dyes 1 , Carbocyan in- dyes 2 , Benzofuran dyes 3 and / or BODIPY (boron difluoride dipyrromethene) dyes 4 .

[0106] Preferably, a dye with the following structure is used as the indicator dye:

[0107] The blood pressure strip preferably comprises a, preferably thin, injection-molded part and / or a pre-structured film. Preferably, at least part of the input area, transport channel, detection area, air outlet opening, and / or measurement area is arranged in the injection-molded part and / or the film.

[0108] Preferably, at least a part of the blood pressure strip is manufactured or processed by injection molding, deep drawing, thermoforming, hot stamping, extrusion coating, and / or UV stamping.

[0109] The invention will be explained in more detail below using non-limiting embodiments. They show:

[0110] 1 Sandra Ast 2013, et al, Chemistry - a European Journal, Volume 9, Issue 44

[0111] , 2013, 14911 -14917

[0112] 2Roe JN, et al Fiber optic sensor for the detection of potassium using fluorescence energy transfer. Analyst. 1990 Apr;115(4):353-8. doi: 10.1039 / an9901500353

[0113] 3 Szmacinski H, Lakowicz JR. Potassium and sodium measurements at clinical concentrations using phase-modulation fluorometry. Sens Actuators B Chem. 1999 Nov;60(1):8-18. doi: 10.1016 / s0925-4005(99)00235-x

[0114] 4 Muller, Bernhard J. et al. “Red- to NIR-Emitting, BODIPY-Based, K+-Selective Fluoroionophores and Sensing Materials.” Advanced Functional Materials 26 (2016): n. pag. Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a blood pressure test strip according to the invention in a top view;

[0115] Fig. 2 shows the embodiment from Fig. 1 in an exploded view;

[0116] Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of a blood test strip according to the invention;

[0117] Fig. 4 shows the embodiment from Fig. 3 in an exploded view;

[0118] Fig. 5 shows a third embodiment of a blood test strip according to the invention in a plan view;

[0119] Fig. 6 shows the embodiment from Fig. 5 in an exploded view;

[0120] Fig. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of a blood test strip according to the invention in a plan view;

[0121] Fig. 8 shows the embodiment from Fig. 7 in an exploded view;

[0122] Fig. 9 shows a fifth embodiment of a blood test strip according to the invention in a plan view;

[0123] Fig. 10 shows the embodiment from Fig. 9 in an exploded view;

[0124] Fig. 11 shows a sixth embodiment of a blood test strip according to the invention in a plan view;

[0125] Fig. 12 shows the embodiment from Fig. 11 in an exploded view;

[0126] Fig. 13 shows a seventh embodiment of a blood test strip according to the invention in a plan view;

[0127] Fig. 14 shows the embodiment from Fig. 13 in an exploded view;

[0128] Fig. 15 shows an eighth embodiment of a blood test strip according to the invention in a plan view; Fig. 16 shows the embodiment from Fig. 15 in an exploded view;

[0129] Fig. 17 shows a first embodiment of a system according to the invention in a schematic section;

[0130] Fig. 18 shows a second embodiment of a system according to the invention in a schematic section;

[0131] Fig. 19 shows a third embodiment of a system according to the invention in a schematic section;

[0132] Fig. 20 shows a fourth embodiment of a system according to the invention in a schematic section;

[0133] Fig. 21 shows a fifth embodiment of a system according to the invention in a schematic section;

[0134] Fig. 22 shows a sixth embodiment of a system according to the invention in a schematic section;

[0135] Fig. 23 shows a ninth embodiment of a blood test strip according to the invention in an exploded view;

[0136] Fig. 24 the ninth embodiment in a plan view.

[0137] The embodiment of a blood test strip shown in Figures 1 and 2 is—as is typical for such blood test strips—essentially strip-shaped and flat. It has a narrow opening on one wide edge, which represents the inlet region 1. This is fluidically connected to a first part of the transport channel 2a, which leads to a wider measuring region 3. Downstream of the measuring region, another part of the transport channel 2b leads to a slightly less widened region 4, which is fluidically connected to an air outlet opening 5 in a carrier plate 6. While the blood is distributed along the transport channel 2a, 2b in the blood test strip, the air can escape from the transport channel 2b. In the embodiments shown, only one measuring region is provided.Multiple measuring areas can also be provided, whereby these measuring areas can be arranged one behind the other or side by side along the flow direction of the channel. One measuring area can be used to measure the indicator dye, i.e., the specific electrolyte concentration, and the other measuring area can be used to measure at least one other blood parameter. This also applies to other embodiments.

[0138] The blood test strip preferably has a layered structure, as shown in the embodiments of the figures, comprising at least one carrier plate or carrier film, at least one cover film, and at least one reaction layer arranged between the carrier plate and the cover film, which contains the indicator dye and the reference dye. The cover film can serve only to seal off the outer area or, like the carrier plate, can be rigid and thus perform a supporting function.

[0139] The carrier plate 6 is made of black plastic and has the necessary flexural rigidity to allow the blood test strip to be handled properly and inserted into a reader. Alternatively, the carrier plate 6 can also be designed as a carrier foil.

[0140] The carrier plate or carrier film 6 has a substantially flat surface facing the other layers of the blood test strip. The carrier plate 6 is connected to a spacer layer 9, preferably in the form of a film, via a double-sided adhesive tape 7. Its external dimensions and shape are adapted to those of the carrier plate 6. However, its interior features a recess that defines the shape and size of the regions and channels 1-4 described above. The double-sided adhesive tape 7 can also be replaced by any other adhesive layer, for example, a liquid adhesive applied to the carrier layer. Preferably, and as shown in the embodiment, the double-sided adhesive tape 7 also secures the film 8 relative to the carrier plate 6.

[0141] In other words, a spacer layer 9 is provided, the inner contour of which defines the width of at least part of the transport channel 2a, 2b and the measuring area 3. This may also be useful in other embodiments. The spacer layer 9 forms the side walls of areas 1-4.

[0142] A hydrophilic film 8 extends between the spacer layer 9 and the double-sided adhesive tape 7, extending from the entrance area 1, the first part of the transport channel 2a, to the end of the measuring area 3 remote from the entrance area 1. The film 8 forms a top wall for the entrance area 1, the first part of the transport channel 2a, and the measuring area 3. It improves the flow of the blood sample. The film 8 extends beyond the boundary walls of the transport channel 2 and the other areas 1, 3, but this is harmless. This is because the walls of the spacer layer 9 forming areas 1-4 prevent the blood from spreading outside these walls. The film 8 is preferably not permeable to water.

[0143] Furthermore, a cover film 11 is provided, which closes off the side of the spacer layer 9 opposite the carrier plate 6 and thus forms a bottom wall for regions 1-4. At the level of the measuring area, a reaction layer 10 is arranged on the cover film 11. This reaction layer is designed as a hydrogel in which the indicator dye and the reference dye are immobilized. Thus, the inner side of the cover film 11 was used as the carrier surface.

[0144] It can be provided that the reaction layer 10 extends over the boundary walls of the transport channel 2, as shown in the embodiment. Alternatively, it can be provided that the reaction layer 10 is arranged entirely within the boundary walls of the transport channel 2.

[0145] Figures 3-4 show a second embodiment that is very similar to the first. Therefore, only the most significant differences will be discussed here; the above explanations apply here as well, where applicable.

[0146] In this embodiment, the inlet area 1 is arranged on the carrier plate 6 and is preferably circular. Accordingly, a corresponding recess is also provided in the double-sided adhesive tape 7. A separation membrane 12 is arranged between the carrier plate 6 and the hydrophilic film 8, preventing the passage of erythrocytes toward the transport channel 2a. This is particularly advantageous if hemolysis is to be measured in the blood sample based on the hemoglobin content, since only the free hemoglobin causes the blood sample to turn red. Below the inlet area 1, the transport channel 2a is rounded and widened to accommodate a particularly large amount of blood sample.

[0147] The embodiments of Figures 5-16 all have two regions 3a, 3b that are spaced apart from one another but connected to one another via transport channels 2a, 2c. In the embodiments according to Figures 5-12, the regions 3a, 3b are connected serially one behind the other to the inlet region 1; in the embodiments according to Figures 13-16, they are connected in parallel to the inlet region 1 via their own transport channels 2a, 2c and accordingly each have an outlet opening 5a, 5b, which are arranged at widened regions 4a, 4b. The widened regions 4a, 4b are fluidly connected to the regions 3a, 3b via guide channels 2b, 2d.

[0148] The embodiments according to Figs. 6, 7, 13, and 14 have two reaction layers 10a, 10b, which are arranged on the same plane and arranged side by side. The regions 3a and 3b are both part of the measuring region 3. One reaction layer 10a is arranged such that it is at least partially part of the first region 3a, and the other reaction layer 10b is arranged such that it is at least partially part of the second region 3b. Both reaction layers 10a, 10b have polymer matrices, with indicator dye being arranged in the first region 3a and reference dye being arranged in the second region 3b. The dyes are thus separated from one another.

[0149] These embodiments according to Figs. 6, 7, 13, and 14 can also be used to measure two parameters. For this purpose, the reference and indicator dyes would be arranged in one region 3a, 3b, and, for example, at least one dye for determining another parameter would be arranged in the other region 3a, 3b.

[0150] In the embodiments according to Figs. 7-10, 15, and 16, the reference dye and indicator dye are present in different layers, but these are arranged in different planes. Each layer has a reaction layer 10a, 10b, each comprising a polymer matrix in which the respective dye is immobilized. The reaction layer 10a, in which the reference dye is immobilized, overlaps the reaction layer 10b, in which the indicator dye is immobilized. Thus, only the reference dye is arranged in one region 3a, while both the reference dye and the indicator dye are arranged in the other region 3b. Thus, the region 3a can function as an adjustment region by using the reference dye as the adjustment dye. The region 3b functions as the measurement region.

[0151] In the embodiment according to Figs. 9 and 10, the reaction layers 10a, 10b have a width that essentially corresponds to the width of the blood test strip. In the embodiment according to Figs. 15 and 16, the reaction layer 10b has a width that essentially corresponds to the width of the blood test strip. In the embodiment according to Figs. 7 and 8, the reaction layers 10a, 10b have a width that is less than the width of the blood test strip.

[0152] In the embodiment according to Figs. 11 and 12, two cover films 11a, 11b are arranged one above the other, with the reaction layer 10b comprising the indicator dye being arranged on the cover film 11b, which is arranged between the cover film 11a and the spacer layer 9. The reaction layer 10a comprising the reference dye is arranged on the cover film 11a. Thus, the reference dye does not come into contact with the blood. Both cover films 11a, 11b are transparent.

[0153] Fig. 17 shows a system according to the invention with a blood test strip 100 and a reader 200. For example, a blood test strip 100 as described in the previous figures can be used. Shown is a blood test strip 100 with an entrance area 1 on the edge side. Blood has already been introduced into the blood test strip 100 via the entrance area 1 and has already penetrated into the measuring area 3. Next to it, the blood test strip 100 has been inserted into a slot-shaped receiving area 204 of the reader 200.

[0154] A light source 201 radiates light from one side of the blood test strip 100 (preferably onto the side of the cover film 11) onto the measuring area 1, with at least the wavelength or wavelengths with which the indicator dye and the reference dye can be excited. The thus excited indicator dye and the reference dye emit corresponding light signals by means of fluorescence or phosphorescence, which are measured by a detector 202. A computing unit 203, which is connected to the light source 201 and the detector 202 and controls the two parts, receives the measurement data from the detector 202 and calculates the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample from the phase shift of the detected sum signal of the indicator dye and the reference dye with the excitation signal of the light source.

[0155] Fig. 18 shows a modified embodiment of Fig. 17, in which two subunits of the light source 201 are provided, which excite the blood test strip 1 from the same side. The detector 202 is arranged between the subunits.

[0156] Fig. 19 shows a further modified embodiment in which a transmitted light method is used. The light source 201 is arranged on the side of the blood test strip 1 opposite the detector 202.

[0157] Fig. 20 shows a further modified embodiment in which two different measuring regions 3 are provided. One is intended for measuring potassium and the other for measuring another parameter, for example sodium. Accordingly, two light sources 201, detectors 202, and computing units 203 are also provided. In an alternative embodiment, one of the measuring regions 3 can be designed as a detection region 14, and the corresponding light source 31 and detector 202 can be provided to optically determine whether the blood sample has traveled the path to the detection region 14 and / or to determine another property of the blood sample, such as its degree of hemolysis. This indicates that a sufficient blood sample has been introduced into the blood test strip 1 and / or allows conclusions to be drawn about other important properties of the blood sample, such as the degree of hemolysis.

[0158] In such an embodiment, a light source and a detector can also be used to perform an adjustment measurement, for example when a blood test strip according to Fig. 5-12 is used.

[0159] It can also be provided that elements are used twice, in particular that the same computing unit 203 is used for both determinations. In an embodiment according to Fig. 21, the embodiment according to Fig. 17 is expanded to include a reference light source 205. This sends a reference light signal directly to detector 202 without first interacting with the blood test strip 1. For this purpose, it is arranged on the same side of the recording area 204 as the detector. Once the phase, intensity, spectrum and other parameters of the reference light signal are known, contamination, aging or other changes to the detector 202 can be detected by comparing the detected signal with the known reference light signal and included in the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration.

[0160] In an embodiment according to Fig. 22, the embodiment according to Fig. 17 is also expanded to include a reference light source 205. Here, the reference light source 205 is arranged on a side of the receiving area 204 opposite the detector 202. Thus, the reference light signal passes through the blood test strip before being received by the detector. This additionally enables the detection of, for example, contamination of the blood test strip.

[0161] A ninth embodiment of a blood test strip is disclosed in Figs. 23 and 24. This embodiment has an input region 1 that extends across the entire width of the blood test strip. The carrier plate 6 is interrupted in the region of the input region 1. It is preferably constructed in two pieces. This increases flexibility in the area of ​​the input region 1.

[0162] The entrance area 1 narrows towards the measuring area 3. The spacer layer 9 of the blood test strip has walls that are inclined towards each other.

[0163] The cover film 11 extends over the entire length of the blood test strip.

[0164] A part of the input area 1, the transport channel 2a and the measuring area 3 is formed by a film 8.

[0165] The film 8 and the carrier plate 6 have an outlet opening 5 so that air can escape through them.

[0166] The reaction layer of this ninth embodiment preferably contains only indicator dye. The reference dye is preferably arranged in the reader. The carrier plate 6 has a recess 1 in the region of the inlet area, which is laterally delimited by the carrier plate 6. This facilitates the dropwise addition of the sample.

[0167] As shown in Fig. 23, film 8 can also have a recess 1 in the area of ​​the inlet area, which is laterally delimited by film 8. This further facilitates dripping.

[0168] A further preferred embodiment can be designed similarly to Figures 23 and 24, but completely without the carrier plate 6, in that the film 8 is designed to be correspondingly stable so that it completely takes over the function of the carrier plate 6.

[0169] If the carrier plate 6 and / or the film 8 are not transparent, a detection region 14 can be arranged along the transport channel 2b. This detection region 14 can comprise a recess and / or a transparent window region in the carrier plate 6 and / or the film 8. The detection region 14 can serve to monitor the complete filling of the measuring region 3 with the blood sample and / or to determine another property of the blood sample, such as its degree of hemolysis. This monitoring of complete filling and / or the determination of other properties of the blood sample can be performed visually or, preferably, via optical detection in the device.

[0170] The detection area 14 can be arranged in the area of ​​the transport channel 2b - between the measuring area 3 and the air outlet opening 5 in such a way that the filling of the blood measuring strip with a defined volume of the blood sample and / or a defined minimum volume of the blood sample can be ensured and / or checked.

[0171] To ensure and / or verify that the test strip is filled with a defined volume of blood sample, the filling in the transport channel 2b—which occurs and / or is driven by capillary force—can be stopped immediately after the detection zone 14. This can be achieved by providing a change in the channel geometry (e.g., an abrupt increase in the channel height or width) and / or the wettability of at least one of the channel walls that acts as a capillary valve. Similarly, the air outlet opening 5 itself can also function as such a capillary valve.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E 1. A method for measuring the concentration of a specific electrolyte in a blood sample, preferably the potassium concentration, wherein a provided blood sample is introduced into an input region (1) of a blood test strip (100) and at least a portion of the blood sample is guided into a measuring region (3) of the blood test strip (100); wherein the blood test strip (100) is brought together with a reader (200); wherein the electrolyte of the blood sample reacts with a luminescent indicator dye in the measuring region (3), and wherein the indicator dye is excited with light by at least one light source (201) of the reader (200), wherein the intensity of the luminescence of the indicator dye depends on the electrolyte concentration of the blood sample;characterized in that a luminescent reference dye is excited by the light source (201), wherein the intensity and decay time of the luminescence of the reference dye do not depend on the electrolyte concentration of the blood sample; that the light emitted by the indicator dye and the reference dye upon excitation is detected by at least one detector (202) of the reader (200); and that the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample is determined based on the phase shift and / or decay time of the signal detected by the detector (202).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reference dye in the measuring area (3) is excited by the light source.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the indicator dye reacts to the excitation by fluorescence and / or that the reference dye reacts to the excitation by phosphorescence.

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least the erythrocytes of the blood sample, preferably all cellular components of the blood sample, are retained from entering the measuring area (3), preferably by passing the blood sample through a separation membrane (12) before entering the measuring area (3).

5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the degree of hemolysis in the blood sample is determined, preferably optically and / or preferably by measuring the free hemoglobin in the blood plasma, and the determined degree of hemolysis is included in the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration.

6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the light source (201) supplies the measuring area (3) with light from one side and the detector (202) detects the light emitted by the excitation from the opposite side or from the same side.

7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in addition to the specific electrolyte concentration, at least one further blood parameter of the blood sample is determined, preferably with at least one further indicator dye.

8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in addition to the specific electrolyte concentration, the temperature of the blood sample is determined, preferably via a temperature-sensitive dye and that the temperature determination preferably takes place in a temperature measuring range different from the measuring range (3).

9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the blood sample penetrates into a polymer matrix, preferably a hydrogel, in the measuring area, in which the indicator dye and preferably also the reference dye are arranged.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, prior to applying the blood sample, the indicator dye and preferably also the reference dye, preferably together with the polymer matrix, is applied to a carrier surface of the blood test strip (100) via a continuous or discontinuous coating process, preferably via a dispensing process and / or piezo-jet process and / or with the aid of doctor blade dispensing and / or screen printing and / or rotary screen printing and / or aerosol jet printing and / or ultrasonic spraying.

11. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the blood sample is guided from the inlet area (1) via a transport channel (2a, 2b) to the measuring area (3) and that the air preferably escapes downstream of the measuring area (3) along the transport channel (2a, 2b) through at least one air outlet opening.

12. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, preferably before the detection of the light emitted by the indicator dye and the reference dye by the excitation, at least one adjustment measurement is carried out, in which a. at least one luminescent adjustment dye is excited with light by at least one light source (201) of the readout device (200) and that; b. the light emitted by the adjustment dye by the excitation is detected by at least one detector (202) of the readout device (200) and that; c. the determination of the specific electrolyte concentration is carried out based on the detected signal of the adjustment dye.

13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one adjustment measurement comprises that before or during step a) the adjustment dye is introduced into the reading device and / or preferably an adjustment solution comprising the adjustment dye is introduced into the reading device, for example is added dropwise or pipetted in, and / or preferably an adjustment measuring strip having at least one Adjustment measuring area, in which adjustment dye is arranged, is brought together with the reading device (200).

14. Method according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that in order to carry out at least one adjustment measurement, adjustment dye is arranged in at least one adjustment measurement area of ​​the blood test strip.

15. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that at least a part of the blood sample is guided into at least one adjustment measuring area before or during step a) is carried out.

16. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the blood test strip - is brought together with the reading device (200) in an adjustment position, and that at least one adjustment measurement is carried out in this adjustment position; - is brought together with the reading device (200) in a measuring position, and in that in the measuring position o the indicator dye is excited with light by the at least one light source (201) of the reading device (200), wherein the intensity of the luminescence of the indicator dye depends on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample; o the luminescent reference dye is excited by the light source (201), wherein the intensity and the decay time of the luminescence of the reference dye do not depend on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample; o the light emitted by the indicator dye and the reference dye as a result of the excitation is detected by at least one detector (202) of the reading device (200); wherein the adjustment position and the measuring position are different positions.

17. Method according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the calibration dye comprises the reference dye and / or a zero indicator dye.

18. Method according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that in at least one adjustment measurement at least one reference dye and / or at least one indicator dye of the measuring range is used, which is also used in the detection of the light emitted by the indicator dye and the reference dye by the excitation, and that this adjustment measurement preferably takes place before at least part of the blood sample is introduced into the measuring range.

19. Method according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that at least one property of the blood sample is evaluated by carrying out an optical evaluation of a detection region which is in flow connection with the measuring region.

20. Blood test strip (100) for measuring the concentration of a specific electrolyte in a blood sample, preferably the potassium concentration, using a reader (200), wherein the blood test strip (100) has an input region (1) for receiving the blood sample and a measuring region (3) connected to the input region (1), wherein a luminescent indicator dye is arranged in the measuring region (3), the intensity of the luminescence of which depends on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample, characterized in that a luminescent reference dye is arranged in the measuring region (3), the intensity and decay time of the luminescence of which does not depend on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample.

21. Blood test strip (100) according to claim 18, characterized in that the blood test strip (100) has a separation membrane (12) between the input region (1) and the measuring region (3) for retaining at least the erythrocytes of the blood sample, preferably all cellular components of the blood sample.

22. Blood test strip (100) according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the measuring region (3) is connected to at least one detection region (14), wherein the measuring region (3) is arranged along the flow connection between the inlet region (1) and the detection region (14).

23. Blood test strip (100) according to claim 21, characterized in that the blood test strip (100) has at least one separation membrane between the measuring area (3) and the detection area (14) for retaining at least the erythrocytes of the blood sample, preferably all cellular components of the blood sample.

24. Blood test strip (100) according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the blood test strip (100) has a transport channel (2a, 2b) for transporting the blood sample, along which the inlet region (1) and the measuring region (3) are arranged, and that preferably an air outlet opening (5) is provided along the transport channel (2a, 2b) for the escape of the air and that particularly preferably the measuring region (3) is arranged along the transport channel (2a, 2b) between the inlet region (1) and the air outlet opening (5).

25. Blood test strip (100) according to claim 20, characterized in that a hydrophilic transport material, preferably designed as a hydrophilic film (8), is arranged in the transport channel (2a, 2b) and preferably also in the measuring area (3).

26. Blood test strip (100) according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that at least in the measuring area (3) a polymer matrix, preferably a hydrogel, is arranged, in which the indicator dye and the reference dye are arranged.

27. Blood test strip (100) according to claim 22, characterized in that the polymer matrix is ​​arranged on a transparent outer film (11) of the blood test strip (100) and is preferably printed by means of a continuous printing process such as a dispensing process and / or piezo jet, and / or is applied by means of doctor blade printing and / or screen printing and / or rotary screen printing and / or aerosol jet printing.

28. Blood test strip (100) according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the blood test strip (100) has at least one further dye for measuring at least one further blood parameter of the blood sample, wherein this further dye is preferably arranged spatially separated from the indicator dye.

29. Blood test strip (100) according to one of claims 18 to 24, characterized in that the indicator dye and the reference dye are spatially at least partially separated and that preferably the indicator dye is arranged in a first layer of the blood test strip, preferably a first film, particularly preferably a first side of the first film, and the reference dye is arranged in a second layer of the blood test strip, preferably a second film and / or a second side of the first film.

30. Blood test strip (100) according to one of claims 18 to 26, characterized in that the blood test strip has at least one adjustment measuring region in which at least one luminescent adjustment dye is arranged, and that the adjustment measuring region is preferably connected to the input region.

31. Blood test strip (100) according to one of claims 18 to 27, characterized in that the calibration dye comprises the reference dye and / or a zero indicator dye.

32. Set of measuring strips for measuring the concentration of a specific electrolyte in a blood sample, preferably the potassium concentration, using a reader, wherein the set comprises at least one blood measuring strip (100) according to one of claims 18 to 27, characterized in that the set comprises at least one adjustment measuring strip which has at least one adjustment measuring region in which at least one luminescent adjustment dye is arranged, and that the adjustment measuring region is preferably connected to an input region of the adjustment measuring strip.

33. System for measuring the concentration of a specific electrolyte in a blood sample, preferably the potassium concentration, wherein the system comprises a reader (200) and a blood test strip (100), wherein the blood test strip (100) has an input region (1) for receiving the blood sample and a measuring region (3) connected to the input region (1), wherein a luminescent indicator dye is arranged in the measuring region (3), the intensity of the luminescence of which depends on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample, wherein a luminescent reference dye (3) is arranged in or on the blood test strip (100) and / or in or on the reading device (200), the intensity and decay time of the luminescence of which does not depend on the specific electrolyte concentration of the blood sample, and wherein the reading device (200) has at least one receiving area (204) for receiving the blood test strip (100), at least one light source (201) for exciting the indicator dye and the reference dye (3) and at least one detector (202) for detecting the light emitted by the excitation of the indicator dye and the reference dye.

34. System according to claim 29, characterized in that the system comprises at least one blood test strip (100) according to one of claims 11 to 17.

35. System according to one of claims 29 or 30, characterized in that the system comprises a set according to claim 28.

36. System according to one of claims 29 to 31, characterized in that the reference dye is arranged in the measuring area (3) of the blood test strip (100).

37. System according to one of claims 29 to 33, characterized in that the reading device (200) has a computing unit (203) which is designed to evaluate the signal detected by the detector (202) and to determine the specific electrolyte concentration based on the decay time of the luminescence signal and / or phase shift.

38. System according to one of claims 29 to 33, characterized in that the measuring area (3) is arranged between the light source (201) and the detector (202) when the blood measuring strip (100) is arranged as intended in the receiving area (204), or that the light source (201) and the detector (202) are arranged on the same side of the blood measuring strip (100) when the blood measuring strip (100) is arranged as intended in the receiving area (204).

39. System according to one of claims 29 to 34, characterized in that the reading device (200) has at least one further light source for exciting the alignment dye and / or at least one further detector for detecting the light of the alignment dye emitted by the excitation.

40. System according to one of claims 29 to 34, characterized in that the reading device (200) has at least one further light source and / or at least one further detector for detecting the filling of the test strip with the blood sample and / or for determining the degree of hemolysis of the sample. 2024 03 04 MT

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