Sailing ship

Abstract

Sailing ship (1), in particular a cargo sailing ship, having a sail (3) and a fastening element (2), wherein the sail (3) is fastened to the outside of the sailing ship (1) via the fastening element (2), wherein the fastening element (2) is configured to rotate the sail (3) about a first axis of rotation (6), wherein the first axis of rotation (6) is substantially parallel to a vertical axis (7) of the sailing ship (1) in an operating position of the sail (3), wherein a cross-sectional area of the sail (3) along a first portion (4) of the sail (3) decreases with increasing distance from the fastening element (2), wherein the cross-sectional area of the sail (3) along a second portion (5) of the sail (3) increases with increasing distance from the fastening element (2), wherein the second portion (5) is arranged between the fastening element (2) and the first portion (4). The invention also relates to a sail (3) and to a method for orienting a sail (3).

Description

[0001] sailing ship

[0002] The invention relates to a sailing ship, in particular a cargo sailing ship, comprising a sail and a fastening element, wherein the sail is fastened to the outside of the sailing ship via the fastening element, wherein the fastening element is configured to rotate the sail about a first axis of rotation, wherein the first axis of rotation is substantially parallel to a vertical axis of the sailing ship in an operating position of the sail, and wherein a cross-sectional area of ​​the sail decreases along a first section of the sail with increasing distance from the fastening element. Furthermore, the invention relates to a sail and a method for aligning a sail.

[0003] Sails for sailing ships known in the prior art typically comprise a sailcloth comprising a fabric and / or a plastic material. Orienting a sailcloth in response to airflow can be challenging. In strong winds, the sailcloth may need to be reefed to prevent damage to the sail and excessive heeling of the sailing ship. This means reducing the sail area, e.g., by furling it.

[0004] Wing-shaped sails are also known, allowing for easier alignment than with canvas. A wing-shaped sail is disclosed in EP 0 989 939 B1, where spars are enclosed in a canvas covering to form a double-sided sail with a flexible surface. US 10,633,057 B1 teaches a wing-shaped sail comprising a fabric or plastic and stretched over an inner frame. A wing-shaped sail is also described in FR 2349494 A1. To align the sail, it can be rotated about a rotation axis, which, in the sail's operating state, is parallel to a vertical axis of the sailing vessel.

[0005] EP 2 420 438 A1 shows a transport ship with a wingsail. The wingsail has a mast that is pivotally attached to a frame and can be pivoted from a stationary position to a storage position.

[0006] WO 2018 / 039705 Al shows a ship with a crescent-shaped sail.

[0007] WO 2013 / 070070 A1 shows a ship with a mast structure and a rigid wingsail. The wingsail has a main part connected to the mast structure by means of a primary tilting device.

[0008] Other ships with sails are known, for example, from US 2014 / 144362 Al, FR 91964 E or US 2015 033998 Al.

[0009] It is an object of the invention to provide a sail which enables both good alignment depending on the wind direction and good utilization of wind energy.

[0010] This object is achieved according to the invention in that in the sailing vessel of the type mentioned at the outset the cross-sectional area of ​​the sail increases along a second section of the sail with increasing distance from the fastening element, wherein the second section is arranged between the fastening element and the first section.

[0011] Since, according to the invention, the sail tapers in the second section toward the fastening element and thus also has an aerodynamically optimized profile, the torque can be reduced, making the sail easy to align even in strong winds. At the same time, wind energy can be effectively utilized, since the inflow area is comparatively large in a region of the sail where the end regions of the first and second sections are located and face each other.

[0012] The decrease in the cross-sectional area of ​​the sail along the first section and / or the increase in the cross-sectional area of ​​the sail along the second section are preferably continuous. This allows for a more uniform flow. It can also simplify the manufacture of the sail.

[0013] The first section is preferably longer than the second section. This allows a good balance to be achieved between ease of handling and good utilization of wind energy. The ratio of the length of the first section to the length of the second section is preferably at least 2:1, more preferably at least 4:1, and particularly preferably in the range from 2:1 to 10:1. Experience has shown that the ratio decreases with increasing sail size. For example, with smaller sails the first section is comparatively large, which can result in a ratio of up to 10:1; preferably the ratio is in the range from 5:1 to 10:1. For very large sails the ratio can be reduced to as low as 2:1; for large sails the ratio is preferably in the range from 2:1 to 6:1.

[0014] Depending on the size of the vessel, the sail has a length of at least 10 m, preferably at least 20 m, even more preferably at least 40 m, even more preferably at least 60 m.

[0015] Preferably, the sail has a length-to-width ratio of at least 10:1, more preferably at least 20:1, even more preferably at least 40:1, even more preferably at least 60:1, particularly preferably in the range of 20:1 to 60:1. The narrower the sail, the easier it is to align, even in strong winds. The taller the sail, the better the wind energy can be harnessed. The larger the sailing vessel, the higher the ratio is preferably.

[0016] The sail can be attached to a deck of the sailing vessel. Preferably, the sail is attached in the immediate vicinity of a longitudinal side of the sailing vessel. This means that the sail is positioned at the edge of the sailing vessel. Then, a central area of ​​the deck of the sailing vessel can be fully available for other purposes, for example, for storing goods to be transported, especially containers.

[0017] Preferably, a distance between the sail and the longitudinal side remote from the sail is at least 10 times the distance between the sail and the longitudinal side arranged in the immediate vicinity of the sail, more preferably at least 20 times, particularly preferably at least 30 times.

[0018] According to the invention, one end of the sail is connected to the fastening element. The fastening element preferably has a joint, particularly preferably a swivel joint or ball joint. This allows the sail to be easily rotated about the first rotation axis.

[0019] Preferably, the fastening element is designed to pivot the sail about a second axis of rotation. The second axis of rotation is substantially parallel to a transverse axis of the sailing ship. The sail can then be pivoted such that a longitudinal axis of the sail is substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the sailing ship, which is referred to as the rest position of the sail. The rest position can reduce the risk of damage to the sail or sailing ship, for example in the event of a storm. Furthermore, in particular when the sail is attached in the immediate vicinity of the longitudinal side of the sailing ship, the central region of the sailing ship, in particular the central region of the deck of the sailing ship, can be kept clear even when the sail is in the rest position.

[0020] The fastening element may comprise a hinge joint, a roller joint, or a rotary joint configured to pivot the sail about the second rotation axis. The fastening element may also comprise a ball joint configured to rotate the sail about the first rotation axis and pivot about the second rotation axis.

[0021] Preferably, the leading edge of the sail has a twist of at least 0.1° (across the length of the sail), more preferably at least 2°, and even more preferably at least 5°. This twist allows a comparatively large portion of the wind energy to be converted into propulsion energy, allowing the sailing vessel to be propelled particularly efficiently. It is preferred if the twist of the leading edge (across the length of the sail) is in the range of 0.1 to 5°, more preferably 1 to 5°, and particularly preferably 1 to 3°.

[0022] The sail preferably has a hollow profile. A lightweight construction can increase the sail's stability while still allowing the sail to remain easy to handle.

[0023] Preferably, the hollow profile is closed, especially at the end of the sail farthest from the fastening element. This provides better protection for the interior of the hollow profile.

[0024] The hollow profile preferably comprises a fiber-reinforced plastic, preferably a glass-fiber-reinforced and / or carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic. The hollow profile can then exhibit high rigidity while remaining lightweight. The plastic preferably comprises an epoxy resin. The sail can then exhibit not only good mechanical properties but also good resistance to environmental influences, such as UV light.

[0025] The hollow profile can comprise a first cover layer, a core layer, and a second cover layer. This allows the sail to be designed to be particularly stable. The core layer can comprise a foam, which can comprise a plastic, in particular a polyurethane. The first and / or second cover layer can comprise the fiber-reinforced plastic.

[0026] The hollow profile can have a first shell and a second shell that are connected to each other along two longitudinal sides. This allows the hollow profile to be easily manufactured, especially if it comprises a fiber-reinforced plastic. The first shell and the second shell can be glued together along their two longitudinal sides, preferably with an adhesive that preferably comprises an epoxy resin. A concave side of the first shell can face a concave side of the second shell.

[0027] The sail can have a strut arranged in the hollow profile. The strut can be substantially perpendicular to an inner side of the hollow profile and can serve to absorb a thrust force. The strut preferably has a U-shaped or I-shaped profile. This allows the strut to be better connected to the hollow profile, thereby increasing the rigidity, in particular the flexural rigidity, of the sail. The strut can be glued to the hollow profile, preferably with an adhesive that preferably comprises an epoxy resin.

[0028] The strut is preferably arranged at least in the area where the end regions of the first and second sections are located, facing each other. Due to the comparatively large cross-sectional area of ​​the sail in this area, the strut can then significantly improve the stiffness of the sail. Preferably, the strut extends over at least 30% of the height of the sail, more preferably over at least 50%.

[0029] The strut preferably comprises a fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic. The strut can then exhibit high rigidity while remaining lightweight.

[0030] The sailing vessel may have a control unit for controlling the sail. Thus, the sail can be rotated about the first rotation axis and, if necessary, pivoted about the second rotation axis. The control unit may have a motor configured to rotate the sail about the first rotation axis and, if necessary, pivot it about the second rotation axis. The motor may be arranged in the fastening element or connected to the fastening element.

[0031] The sailing ship preferably has at least two sails, preferably two to twenty sails, more preferably two to twelve sails, in particular six to eight sails. This makes it possible to increase the amount of propulsion energy generated, so that the sailing ship can be driven quickly. The number of sails can vary depending on the size of the sailing ship. For larger sailing ships, a number of eight or more sails is preferred. Preferably, two sails are arranged opposite one another in the immediate vicinity of the long sides of the sailing ship. It is particularly preferred if two sails arranged one after the other in the immediate vicinity of the same long side of the sailing ship are at a different distance from the long side of the sailing ship. This staggered arrangement means that all of the sails can be pivoted into a rest position without hindering one another.Preferably, sails arranged on the same long side are pivoted alternately by 90° and -90° around the second rotation axis. This allows the sails to be arranged in a particularly space-saving manner in the rest position.

[0032] Alternatively, all sails arranged one after the other in close proximity to the same long side of the sailing vessel can have the same distance from the long side of the sailing vessel. The fastening elements of sails arranged one after the other can be of different heights. The sails can then be arranged one above the other in the rest position. This also allows a space-saving arrangement in the rest position. The height of a fastening element refers to the extent of the fastening element in a direction parallel to the vertical axis of the sailing vessel.

[0033] The sailing vessel preferably has a rail for receiving the fastening element. The rail can be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vessel. The sail can then be moved along the rail and fixed in any position. If several sails are arranged on the same longitudinal side of the sailing vessel, all of the associated fastening elements are preferably accommodated in the same rail. The distance between the sails can then be varied, for example to push a sail to leeward out of the slipstream of a sail to windward.

[0034] Preferably, the sail is a rotor blade. In this application, a rotor blade is understood to mean the rotor blade of a wind turbine for converting wind energy into electrical energy. According to the invention, a discarded rotor blade can also be used as a sail, which can significantly contribute to sustainability, since discarded rotor blades are usually only thermally recycled or buried in the ground.

[0035] If the sail is a rotor blade, the fastening element preferably comprises a wheel hub. The sail can then be attached to the fastening element in a similar manner to a rotor blade on a wind turbine rotor. The sail can be rotatably mounted in the wheel hub so that it can be rotated about the first rotation axis. Furthermore, the wheel hub can be configured to pivot the sail about the second rotation axis.

[0036] The sailing vessel can have an engine, such as a diesel engine or electric motor, as additional propulsion, e.g., for maneuvering in a harbor basin. In a preferred embodiment, the sailing vessel is a cargo ship, in particular a container ship, constructed as a (conventional) motor vessel (e.g., with diesel propulsion) and retrofitted with the sail according to the invention. In this way, existing cargo ships can be made more climate-friendly.

[0037] The invention further relates to a sail for a sailing ship, in particular a cargo sailing ship, wherein the sail can be fastened to the outside of the sailing ship via a fastening element, and wherein a cross-sectional area of ​​the sail decreases along a first section of the sail with increasing distance from the fastening element, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of ​​the sail increases along a second section of the sail with increasing distance from the fastening element, wherein the second section is arranged between the fastening element and the first section.

[0038] This sail may have one or more features of the sail attached to the sailing vessel. The sail is designed to be attached to a fastening element on the outside of the sailing vessel, in particular to the deck of the sailing vessel. For this purpose, the sail may have an anchoring element for anchoring to the fastening element.

[0039] The invention further relates to a method for aligning a sail, comprising the steps:

[0040] (a) providing the sailing vessel according to the invention, and

[0041] (b) Rotating the sail around the first rotation axis.

[0042] The sail can be aligned in step (b) depending on the wind direction by rotating it around the first rotation axis.

[0043] If the fastening element is configured to pivot the sail about a second axis of rotation, the sail can also be in the rest position in step (a). Then, the method before step (b) comprises a further step (a1) between steps (a) and (b): pivoting the sail about the second axis of rotation. In doing so, the sail can be brought from the rest position to the operating position. In strong winds, the sail can also be arranged in a position that is between the rest position and the operating position in order to prevent damage to the sail and still propel the sailing vessel efficiently. In this position, the longitudinal axis of the sail is preferably at an angle in the range of 10° to 80° to the longitudinal axis of the sailing vessel, more preferably from 20° to 70°.

[0044] In this description, the "vertical axis" of a sailing vessel is understood to mean an axis which, when the vessel is in operation, is essentially perpendicular to the water surface.

[0045] The invention particularly comprises the following

[0046] Forms of implementation:

[0047] 1. Sailing ship, in particular a cargo sailing ship, comprising a sail and a fastening element, wherein the sail is fastened to the outside of the sailing ship via the fastening element, in particular to a deck of the sailing ship, preferably wherein the fastening element is designed to rotate the sail about a first axis of rotation, in particular wherein the first axis of rotation is substantially parallel to a vertical axis of the sailing ship in an operating position of the sail, and wherein a cross-sectional area of ​​the sail decreases along a first section of the sail with increasing distance from the fastening element, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of ​​the sail increases along a second section of the sail with increasing distance from the fastening element, wherein the second section is arranged between the fastening element and the first section.

[0048] 2. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the decrease in the cross-sectional area of ​​the sail along the first section and / or the increase in the cross-sectional area of ​​the sail along the second section are continuous.

[0049] 3. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that the first section is longer than the second section, wherein the ratio of the length of the first section to the length of the second section is preferably at least 2:1, more preferably at least 4:1, particularly preferably in the range from 2:1 to 10:1.

[0050] 4. Sailing vessel according to one of embodiments 1 to 3, characterized in that the sail has a length of at least 10 m, preferably at least 20 m, more preferably at least 40 m, in particular at least 60 m.

[0051] 5. Sailing ship according to one of embodiments 1 to 4, characterized in that the sail has a length-to-width ratio of the sail of at least 10:1, preferably at least 20:1, more preferably at least 40:1, even more preferably at least 60:1, particularly preferably in the range from 20:1 to 60:1. 6. Sailing ship according to one of embodiments 1 to 5, characterized in that the sail is attached in the immediate vicinity of a longitudinal side of the sailing ship.

[0052] 7. Sailing vessel according to one of the embodiments 1 to 6, characterized in that the fastening element has a joint for rotating the sail, preferably a roller joint, a swivel joint or a ball joint.

[0053] 8. Sailing vessel according to one of embodiments 1 to 7, characterized in that the fastening element is arranged to pivot the sail about a second axis of rotation, preferably wherein the second axis of rotation is substantially parallel to a transverse axis of the sailing vessel.

[0054] 9. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 8, characterized in that the fastening element has a hinge joint, a ball joint or a rotary joint which is designed to pivot the sail about the second axis of rotation.

[0055] 10. Sailing vessel according to one of embodiments 1 to 9, characterized in that an inflow surface of the sail has a twist of at least 0.1°, more preferably at least 2°, even more preferably at least 5°.

[0056] 11. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 10, characterized in that the inflow surface has a twist in the range of 0.1 to 5°, more preferably from 1 to 5°, particularly preferably from 1 to 3°.

[0057] 12. Sailing vessel according to one of embodiments 1 to 11, characterized in that the sail has a hollow profile.

[0058] 13. Sailing ship according to embodiment 12, characterized in that the hollow profile is closed. 14. Sailing ship according to embodiment 12 or 13, characterized in that the hollow profile comprises a fiber-reinforced plastic.

[0059] 15. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 14, characterized in that the fiber-reinforced plastic comprises a glass fiber-reinforced plastic and / or a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic.

[0060] 16. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 14 or 15, characterized in that the plastic comprises an epoxy resin.

[0061] 17. Sailing vessel according to one of the embodiments 12 to 16, characterized in that the hollow profile comprises a first cover layer, a core layer and a second cover layer.

[0062] 18. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 17, characterized in that the core layer comprises a foam, preferably wherein the foam comprises a plastic, in particular a polyurethane.

[0063] 19. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 17 or 18, characterized in that the first and / or the second cover layer comprise the fiber-reinforced plastic.

[0064] 20. Sailing vessel according to one of embodiments 12 to 19, characterized in that the hollow profile has a first shell and a second shell which are connected to each other at two longitudinal sides.

[0065] 21. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 20, characterized in that the first shell and the second shell are glued together at the two longitudinal sides.

[0066] 22. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 20 or 21, characterized in that a concave side of the first shell faces a concave side of the second shell. 23. Sailing vessel according to one of embodiments 12 to 22, characterized in that the sail has a strut arranged in the hollow profile.

[0067] 24. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 23, characterized in that the strut has a U-shaped or I-shaped profile.

[0068] 25. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 23 or 24, characterized in that the strut extends over at least 30% of the height of the sail, in particular over at least 50%.

[0069] 26. Sailing vessel according to one of the embodiments 23 to 25, characterized in that the strut comprises a fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic.

[0070] 27. Sailing vessel according to one of embodiments 1 to 26, characterized in that the sailing vessel has a control unit for controlling the sail.

[0071] 28. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 27, characterized in that the control unit has a motor which is arranged to rotate the sail about the first axis of rotation.

[0072] 29. Sailing ship according to one of embodiments 1 to 28, characterized in that the sailing ship has at least two sails, preferably two to twenty sails, more preferably two to twelve sails, in particular six to eight sails.

[0073] 30. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 29, characterized in that two sails are arranged opposite each other in the immediate vicinity of the longitudinal sides of the sailing vessel.

[0074] 31. Sailing vessel according to embodiment 29 or 30, characterized in that sails arranged one after the other on the same longitudinal side have a different distance from the longitudinal side of the sailing vessel, and / or that the fastening elements of sails arranged one after the other on the same longitudinal side are of different heights.

[0075] 32. Sailing vessel according to one of embodiments 1 to 31, characterized in that the sailing vessel has a rail for receiving the fastening element.

[0076] 33. Sailing vessel according to one of embodiments 1 to 32, characterized in that the sail is a rotor blade.

[0077] 34. Sail for a sailing ship, in particular a cargo sailing ship, preferably wherein the sail can be fastened to the outside of the sailing ship via a fastening element, in particular to a deck of the sailing ship, and wherein a cross-sectional area of ​​the sail decreases along a first section of the sail with increasing distance from the fastening element, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of ​​the sail increases along a second section of the sail with increasing distance from the fastening element, wherein the second section is arranged between the fastening element and the first section.

[0078] 35. Sail according to embodiment 34, characterized in that the sail has one or more features of the sail of embodiments 1 to 33.

[0079] 36. A method for aligning a sail, comprising the steps

[0080] (a) providing a sailing vessel according to any one of embodiments 1 to 33, and

[0081] (b) Rotating the sail around the first rotation axis.

[0082] 37. Method according to embodiment 36, characterized in that, if the fastening element is configured to pivot the sail about a second axis of rotation, the method comprises a further step (a1) between steps (a) and (b): pivoting the sail about the second axis of rotation. The invention is further explained below with reference to descriptions of the figures, to which, however, it is not limited.

[0083] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a sailing ship with eight sails in an operating position in elevation.

[0084] Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of the sailing ship of Fig. 1.

[0085] Fig. 3 shows a floor plan of the sailing ship of Fig. 1, with the sails in a rest position.

[0086] Fig. 4 shows an elevation of the sailing vessel of Fig. 1, with the sails being swung from a rest position to the operating position (or vice versa).

[0087] Fig. 5 shows a section of the sailing ship of Fig. 1.

[0088] Fig. 1 shows an elevation of a sailing ship 1. On the deck of the sailing ship 1, fastening elements 2 for attaching sails 3 are provided. The sails 3 are rotor blades and are in an operating position. As can be seen, each sail 3 has a first section 4, along which a cross-sectional area of ​​the sail 3 continuously decreases with increasing distance from the fastening element 2, and a second section 5, along which the cross-sectional area of ​​the sail 3 continuously increases with increasing distance from the fastening element 2. The first section 4 is longer than the second section 5, with a ratio of the length of the first section to the length of the second section being approximately 2.5:1.Furthermore, each sail 3 is rotatable about a first axis of rotation 6, which is substantially parallel to a vertical axis 7 of the sailing ship 1, and each sail 3 is pivotable about a second axis of rotation 8, which is substantially parallel to a transverse axis 9 (shown in Figs. 2 and 3) of the sailing ship 1. Each sail 3 has a length to width ratio of approximately 6:1. An approach surface 10 of the sail 3 has a twist of 0.1°. Fig. 2 shows the sailing ship 1 of Fig. 1 in cross-section. This shows that two sails 3 are arranged in the immediate vicinity of the long sides 11 of the sailing ship 1. As a result, there is space for cargo, for example containers, in a central region 12 of a deck of the sailing ship 1 (shown in Fig. 3), particularly when the sailing ship is designed as a cargo sailing ship.

[0089] Fig. 3 shows a plan view of the sailing ship 1 in Fig. 1, with the sails 3 in a rest position. As can be seen, two sails 3 are arranged opposite each other on two long sides 11 of the sailing ship 1. Two sails 3 arranged one after the other in close proximity to the same long side 11 have a different distance from the respective long side 11. This allows all sails 3 to be in a rest position without hindering each other, so that they can be stored next to each other in a space-saving manner. Sails 3 arranged on the same long side 11 are alternately pivoted by 90° and -90° about the second axis of rotation 8, whereby they can be provided in a compact rest position. A central area 12 of a deck of the sailing ship 1 can thus be available without restriction for other purposes, for example for storing goods to be transported.

[0090] Fig. 4 is similar to Fig. 1, also showing an elevation of the sailing vessel 1. However, in Fig. 4, the sails 3 are being swung from the rest position to the operating position, or vice versa.

[0091] Fig. 5 shows a section of the sailing vessel 1. The fastening element 2 has a wheel hub 13 to which the sail 3, which is a rotor blade, is attached. The sail 3 is rotatably mounted in the wheel hub 13 and can be rotated about the first rotation axis 6. The wheel hub 13 is further configured to pivot the sail 3 about the second rotation axis 8.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Sailing ship (1), in particular a cargo sailing ship, comprising a sail (3) and a fastening element (2), wherein the sail (3) is fastened to the outside of the sailing ship (1) via the fastening element (2), wherein the fastening element (2) is designed to rotate the sail (3) about a first axis of rotation (6), wherein the first axis of rotation (6) is substantially parallel to a vertical axis (7) of the sailing ship (1) in an operating position of the sail (3), and wherein a cross-sectional area of ​​the sail (3) decreases along a first section (4) of the sail (3) with increasing distance from the fastening element (2), characterized in that the cross-sectional area of ​​the sail (3) increases along a second section (5) of the sail (3) with increasing distance from the fastening element (2), wherein the second section (5) is arranged between the fastening element (2) and the first section (4).

2. Sailing vessel (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the decrease in the cross-sectional area of ​​the sail (3) along the first section (4) and the increase in the cross-sectional area of ​​the sail (3) along the second section (5) are continuous.

3. Sailing ship (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first section (4) is longer than the second section (5).

4. Sailing ship (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sail (3) has a ratio of length to Width of the sail (3) of at least 20:

1.

5. Sailing ship (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sail (3) is attached in the immediate vicinity of a longitudinal side (11) of the sailing ship (1).

6. Sailing vessel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fastening element (2) is arranged to pivot the sail (3) about a second axis of rotation (8), wherein the second axis of rotation (8) is substantially parallel to a transverse axis (9) of the sailing vessel (1).

7. Sailing vessel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that an inflow surface (10) of the sail (3) has a twist of at least 0.1°.

8. Sailing ship (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the sail (3) has a hollow profile.

9. Sailing ship (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the hollow profile comprises a fiber-reinforced plastic.

10. Sailing ship (1) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the sail (3) has a strut arranged in the hollow profile.

11. Sailing ship (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sailing ship (1) has at least two sails (3), in particular six to eight sails.

12. Sailing ship (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that sails (3) arranged one after the other on the same longitudinal side (11) have a different distance from one another to the longitudinal side (11) of the sailing ship (1).

13. Sail (3) for a sailing ship (1), in particular a cargo sailing ship, wherein the sail (3) can be fastened to the outside of the sailing ship (3) via a fastening element (2), and wherein a cross-sectional area of ​​the sail (3) along a first section (4) of the sail (3) decreases with increasing distance from the fastening element (2), characterized in that the cross-sectional area of ​​the sail (3) along a second section (5) of the sail (3) increases with increasing distance from the fastening element (2), wherein the second portion (5) is arranged between the fastening element (2) and the first portion (4).

14. Method for aligning a sail (3), comprising the steps (a) providing a sailing vessel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, and (b) Rotating the sail (3) around the first rotation axis (6) .

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, when the fastening element (2) is arranged to pivot the sail (3) about a second axis of rotation (8), the method comprises a further step (a1) between steps (a) and (b): pivoting the sail (3) about the second axis of rotation (8).

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