Construction element for buildings, in particular houses

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction element for buildings, comprising two panels (P1, P2) parallel to each other and connected together by at least one spacer (E1, E2), each panel (P1, P2) comprising at least one lower edge (4), the lower edge (4) comprising a cut-out (8) so that the construction element engages by interlocking with one or more construction elements of a lower row or a bottom rail, the cut-outs (8) comprising at least one bore (12) intended to be aligned with a bore of another construction element, the bore (12) being configured for the placement of a stud or a screw.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] BUILDING ELEMENT FOR BUILDING, ESPECIALLY DETACHED HOUSES

[0003] TECHNICAL FIELD AND PRIOR ART

[0004] The present invention relates to a construction element for building, in particular for the construction of individual houses.

[0005] Traditional building construction, particularly for single-family homes, uses bricks or concrete blocks that are stacked on top of each other and held together with a binder such as cement. When a brick or concrete block wall is built, it is necessary to thermally insulate the wall and also to cover it, particularly for aesthetic reasons.

[0006] Therefore, the construction of traditional houses is long and requires the intervention of several trades. This type of construction can therefore rarely be carried out by an individual.

[0007] There are more and more building elements that provide both structure and insulation, i.e. they incorporate thermal insulation. This reduces construction time. However, these are often large elements that are difficult to handle without suitable equipment. Furthermore, assembling the elements together is not easy.

[0008] STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0009] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a building construction element which is easy to use and allows for faster construction than the elements of the prior art.

[0010] The above-mentioned purpose is achieved by a construction element comprising two parallel panels connected by at least one spacer, so as to delimit a space between the two panels, each panel being made of a wood-composite panel, each side panel having a lower edge and an upper edge and two side edges connecting the lower edge and the upper edge, each lower edge being structured so as to have a cutout intended to cooperate with a cutout of a lower construction element or a bottom rail. In addition, the cutouts are provided with holes for mounting dowels or pins in order to secure the construction elements together. The connection to a bottom rail is preferably obtained by means of screws.

[0011] Thanks to the invention, the construction elements being made of plywood or equivalent material, they are relatively easy to handle, they therefore do not require the use of special equipment. In addition, the assembly by dowels is very simple, which makes it accessible to a large number of people. In addition, this type of assembly allows for rapid construction.

[0012] Furthermore, the construction of building walls using these elements is completely dry since it does not require concrete. Furthermore, it uses very little metal. The CO2 generation of this construction is therefore reduced compared to buildings with concrete walls.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, the side edges are straight and the construction elements are placed edge to edge.

[0014] In another embodiment, each side edge of a panel has a groove so as to form, with a groove of a side edge of a directly adjacent construction element of the same row, a housing for a tongue insertable vertically in the grooves.

[0015] In an advantageous example, a thermal insulator fills at least part of the space between the panels. Thus, the wall thus created is directly thermally insulated.

[0016] Preferably, the building element has a sealing joint, so that the wall formed by the superposition is at least partly directly airtight and raintight. A saving in construction time is also achieved.

[0017] The construction element according to the invention has the advantage of being able to be very easily adapted to different locations in the wall, such as a corner, a last row of the wall, a gable.

[0018] The present invention then relates to a construction element for the building comprising two panels parallel to each other and connected to each other by at least one spacer, each panel comprising at least one lower edge, said lower edge comprising a cutout so that the construction element cooperates by interlocking with one or more construction elements of a lower row or a bottom rail, said cutouts comprising at least one bore intended to be aligned with a bore of another construction element or a bottom rail, said bore being configured for the installation of a stud or a screw. In an advantageous example, the at least one spacer extends over the entire height of the panels and the spacer comprises a groove on a lower edge and a tongue on an upper edge.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, each panel has two straight side edges, so that when assembling several building elements, two building elements arranged next to each other in a row are edge to edge.

[0020] Preferably, the building element comprises a thermal insulating element between the two panels.

[0021] Advantageously, the construction element comprises at least at the level of the upper edge of each panel sealing means intended to cooperate with panels of adjacent construction elements to ensure sealing between the construction elements.

[0022] In a preferred example, the panels are made of composite wood panel, preferably the panel intended to be inside the building is made of plywood and the panel intended to be outside the building is made of medium density wood fiberboard.

[0023] In another example, the building element is configured to form a lintel, said building element comprising a reservation for the installation of a self-rolling or folding occulting element.

[0024] In another example, the building element is configured for joist support, the at least one cross brace having a thickness sufficient for securing a joist support element.

[0025] In another example, the building element is configured to form the gable of the building, the panels having at least one inclined edge defining the slope of the roof. The at least one crosspiece may then have a thickness sufficient for the attachment of a support element of a wall plate.

[0026] Another object of the present invention is a building comprising a slab, a base rail and construction elements according to the invention, said construction elements being superimposed, and dowels are inserted into the holes so as to connect two construction elements together.

[0027] Preferably, the lower rail comprises a plurality of elements juxtaposed on the slab and elements for connecting the ends of the juxtaposed elements.

[0028] Another object of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a building comprising the steps: - Placing a lower rail on a slab,

[0029] - Installation of the construction elements according to the invention on the lower rail,

[0030] - Installation of dowels between the construction elements,

[0031] - Assembly of several rows of construction elements and installation of dowels between each row of construction elements.

[0032] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] This application will be better understood with the help of the following description and the attached drawings in which:

[0034] - Figure 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention,

[0035] - Figure 2A is a sectional view along a plane AA of the building element of Figure 1,

[0036] - Figure 2B is a sectional view along a plane BB of the building element of Figure 1,

[0037] - Figure 2C is a sectional view along a plane CC of the building element of Figure 1,

[0038] - Figure 2D is a cross-sectional view of a stack of two rows of building elements,

[0039] - Figure 3 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention intended to be arranged at a corner of a building,

[0040] - Figure 4 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention specially adapted to support a joist,

[0041] - Figure 5A is a perspective view of an example of a building under construction with the building elements of Figure 1, Figure 3 and Figure 4,

[0042] - Figure 5B is a perspective view of an example of a building under construction with the construction elements according to another example of embodiment,

[0043] - Figure 6 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention intended to form part of a gable,

[0044] - Figure 7 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention intended to form the ridge,

[0045] - Figure 8 is a perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention intended to form part of a gable, - Figure 9 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention intended to form a lintel,

[0046] - Figure 10 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention having a reduced length,

[0047] - Figure 11 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a lower rail that can be used to create a construction with the construction elements according to the invention,

[0048] - Figure 12 is a perspective view of the elements of the lower rail of Figure 11,

[0049] - Figure 13 is a perspective view of the building of Figure 5A at a later stage of construction,

[0050] - Figure 14 is a perspective view of the building of Figure 13 at a later stage of construction,

[0051] - Figure 15 is a perspective view of the building of Figure 14 at a later stage of construction,

[0052] - Figure 16 is a perspective view of the building of Figure 14 during the laying of joists,

[0053] - Figure 17 is a perspective view of the building of Figure 14, with the last joist being installed,

[0054] - Figure 18 is a perspective view of the building of Figure 17 at a later stage of construction,

[0055] - Figure 19 is a perspective view of the building of Figure 18 at a later stage of construction,

[0056] - Figure 20 is a perspective view of the building of Figure 19 at a later stage of construction,

[0057] - Figure 21 is a perspective view of the building of Figure 19 at a later stage of construction.

[0058] - Figure 22 is a detail view of the building of Figure 21 during the installation of a purlin,

[0059] - Figure 23 is a perspective view of the building of Figure 21 after the roof has been installed,

[0060] - Figure 24 is a perspective view of a detail of cooperation between two adjacent construction elements according to an alternative embodiment. - Figures 25A and 25B are vertical and horizontal sectional views respectively of a construction element in which the studs project from its lateral faces,

[0061] - Figure 26 is a perspective view of another example of a construction element for making the gable,

[0062] - Figure 27 is a perspective view of a building whose gables implement the construction element of Figure 26,

[0063] - Figure 28 is a view of the building of Figure 27 in which the purlins are in place.

[0064] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0065] In Figure 1 and Figures 2A to 2D, an example of a construction element C1 intended to be used as an "intermediate construction element" can be seen. "Intermediate construction element" means a construction element intended not to be arranged in a corner, or at the gable to support the purlins.

[0066] The building element Cl or building brick consists of two panels Pl, P2 arranged parallel to each other and two spacers El, E2 rigidly connecting the two panels Pl, P2 together. The spacers El, E2 extend over the entire height of the panels.

[0067] The panels are made of wood-composite panels. In this application, the term "wood composite panel" means a panel comprising wood bonded together with glue. The wood may be in the form of a layer, in which case it is plywood or laminated veneer lumber, also known as LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber), obtained by assembling adjacent layers of wood by gluing. The wood may be in the form of sawdust or fiber, for example the panel is a medium density wood fiberboard or MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard in English terminology).

[0068] In this example we consider that panel PI is the inner panel and panel P2 is the outer panel.

[0069] Preferably, the panel intended to be located inside the building is made of plywood and the panel intended to be outside the building is made of MDF, which promotes the evacuation of water vapor to the outside.

[0070] At least the inner panel has a protective coating on at least one of its faces. The coating is, for example, a film, for example of the phenolic type, or a layer of varnish or paint. In the example shown, the coating is located on the outside of the construction element.

[0071] In this example, the spacers are assembled to the panels by screws 13. Alternatively, the spacers are assembled to the panels by gluing. As a further alternative, the assembly of the spacers and the side panels is carried out by screwing and dovetailing, which makes it possible to increase the resistance to thrust forces, for example when the element is filled with a heavy material offering high thermal inertia, such as sand.

[0072] In the example shown and advantageously, the construction element C1 also comprises a thermal insulator 3. This may be, but is not limited to, glass wool, rock wool, wood wool, expanded cork, etc.

[0073] Thus the construction element directly integrates the thermal insulation function facilitating construction.

[0074] In the example shown, the thermal insulation 3 fills the entire space between the panels. In this example, the thermal insulation 3 is in three parts, one part between the spacers E1, E2 and the other two parts between a spacer E1, E2 and one end of the building element.

[0075] Alternatively, the thermal insulator 3 only fills part of the space between the panels Pl, P2, thus defining an air gap with the inner face of one or other of the panels, which also contributes to the thermal insulation.

[0076] Each panel Pl, P2 has a lower edge 4, an upper edge 6, two side edges 9 connecting the lower edge 4 and the upper edge 6.

[0077] In the example shown, the lower edge 4 and the upper edge 6 are structured so as to each have a longitudinal cutout 8, 10.

[0078] In Figure 2A, a cross-sectional view along plane AA of the building element Cl of Figure 1 can be seen.

[0079] The lower longitudinal cutout 8 comprises the outer face of the panel and the upper longitudinal cutout 10 comprises the inner face of the panel. The lower longitudinal cutouts 8 are configured to cooperate with upper longitudinal cutouts 10 of a lower row of construction elements, so as to ensure a fitting of the upper construction element on the lower row of construction elements. According to the invention, each lower and upper cutout comprises one or more holes 12 for the installation of a stud or pin 15 (visible in FIG. 5A) passing through an upper longitudinal cutout 10 of a lower construction element and a lower longitudinal cutout 8 of an upper construction element. The studs 15 ensure a connection of the construction elements of two superimposed rows. In the example shown, each longitudinal cutout 8, 10 comprises two holes 12.

[0080] The dowels are driven into place using a mallet. Using dowels for assembly allows for quick and easy assembly. In addition, the construction elements are pre-drilled, which further simplifies construction.

[0081] In Figure 2D, a sectional view of a stack can be seen showing the studs 15 mounted through the lower 8 and upper 10 longitudinal cutouts and the spacers E1. The section passing through a plane DD of the element of Figure 1.

[0082] Preferably the studs are metal.

[0083] In the example shown and preferably, the side edges are planar and the elements are arranged next to each other edge to edge.

[0084] According to an alternative embodiment shown in Figure 5B, the construction elements C1' comprise lateral edges 9 each comprising a groove along their entire length. Each groove is intended to be placed opposite a groove of a construction element directly adjacent horizontally. The facing grooves delimit between them a housing configured to house therein a removable tongue 18. The removable tongue 18 then ensures alignment and connection of the directly adjacent horizontal construction elements. The tongue 18 is for example made of plywood. According to a non-limiting alternative, the lateral edges 9' are structured to overlap as shown in Figure 24.

[0085] By way of example only, the element Cl has a length of several hundred millimeters, for example 600 mm, a width of several hundred millimeters, for example about 300 mm, and a height of several hundred millimeters, for example about 200 mm.

[0086] The dimensions of the building elements and their material make them easily transportable by a single person.

[0087] In the example shown and more particularly visible in Figure 2C, each spacer E1, E2 also comprises an upper edge 20 provided with a tongue 22 and a lower edge 24 provided with a groove 26. Alternatively, the upper edge 20 comprises a groove and the lower edge 24 comprises a tongue. Each tongue 22 of a spacer is intended to be received in a groove 26 of a spacer of a construction element of another row. The cooperation between groove and tongue makes it possible to easily achieve staggered assembly and alignment of the holes 12.

[0088] In Figure 5A, the assembly of several intermediate construction elements C1 can be seen. In a known manner, the construction elements are arranged in a staggered pattern. The staggered overlap is chosen so that each spacer E1, E2 rests on a spacer E1, E2 of the intermediate construction element of the lower row, and the tongue 22 of a spacer is received in a groove 26 of a spacer of the construction element of the upper row. In the example shown, the overlap is half. It will be understood that this overlap is not limiting and that an overlap of one third, for example, is conceivable; in this case the arrangement of the spacers will be adapted.

[0089] Each intermediate building element Cl is connected by dowels to two lower building elements and two upper building elements. Each intermediate building element is in edge-to-edge contact with the building elements located on either side horizontally.

[0090] Figure 3 shows an example of the construction of a corner construction element C2.

[0091] The construction element C2 differs from the intermediate construction element C1 in that one of the spacers does not have a tab 22 so as not to hinder the stacking of the construction elements. In addition, the upper longitudinal cutouts 10 have a notch 19 in their center to receive a lower longitudinal cutout 8 of the construction element C2 which will be arranged above. Indeed, at a corner, the construction elements are stacked at right angles. The construction element C2 also has an end panel P3 mounted on one end of the element and which is intended to form a part of the exterior wall. The panel P3 is for example screwed onto the panels P1, P2.

[0092] Building elements intended to form the last row of a wall, for example of a floor, differ from intermediate building elements at least in that the panels do not have upper cutouts and the spacers do not have tongues. Figure 4 shows an example of the construction of a C3 building element particularly suitable for mounting joists for the construction of a floor.

[0093] In this example, the spacers E1', E2' have a greater thickness than the spacers E1 and E1 and are therefore suitable for fixing elements to support joists for the construction of a floor.

[0094] In the example shown in Figure 15, a screw 41 with a wide head is directly screwed into each of the spacers and is configured to support a fitting which is fixed to the joist 54. By choosing a thick spacer, this allows the screw to be fixed without the need for additional reinforcement. The spacers E1', E2' have in their lower edge a notch for accommodating the tabs 22 of the spacers of the intermediate construction elements of the lower row.

[0095] As an example only, the spacers El, E2 have a thickness of around twenty mm and the spacers El', E2' have a thickness of around 60 mm.

[0096] Spacers El, E2 are for example made of plywood and spacers El', E2' are made of LVL.

[0097] Corner building elements of a last row combine the characteristics of C3 elements and C2 elements.

[0098] Other means of creating a floor without resorting to thicker spacers are not outside the scope of this application.

[0099] A construction element comprising spacers of the same thickness does not fall outside the scope of this application.

[0100] Figure 6 shows an example of a construction element according to the invention used at the gable end.

[0101] In this example, the construction element C4 comprises panels PI', P2' comprising an inclined edge 28 at an angle corresponding to the slope of the roof, here 33°, and an upper edge provided with a cutout. In this example, it comprises a spacer El and a spacer El', the spacer El' has a greater thickness than the spacer El, allowing the mounting of a means for fixing a purlin, in a manner similar to the mounting of a joist. The tongue 22 of the spacer El is intended to cooperate with a groove of a spacer of a construction element of the upper row.

[0102] In Figure 7, a construction element C5 can be seen intended to form the ridge of the roof. The panels Pl", P2" have two inclined edges 50 and a flat lower edge 52. The inclined edges are inclined at an angle of 33°. In this example, the construction element has spacers El", E2" of the same type as that of the spacers El', E2' in order to allow the fixing of a purlin.

[0103] The Pl, P2" panels have a notch for mounting the ridge purlin.

[0104] Construction element C5 is intended to be placed above two construction elements C4.

[0105] Figure 8 shows a C6 gable construction element for creating a roof with a slope of 18° (33%). In this example, the two spacers are advantageously thick enough for fixing screws and mounting a purlin.

[0106] The construction element according to the invention easily allows the construction of buildings with roofs inclined at 33% and 66%. However, it will be understood that any roof inclination can be obtained thanks to the invention.

[0107] In Figure 9, we can see another example of the embodiment of a construction element C7 according to the invention intended to form a lintel.

[0108] Building element C7 is similar to building element Cl, but it has a greater length. In this example, it has ten spacers.

[0109] In this example and advantageously, the construction element C7 comprises a reservation 30 for housing a concealment element (not shown), such as a roller shutter or a blind with adjustable slats.

[0110] In this example, the construction element C7 comprises a first part comprising two panels connected by spacers E1" and between which a thermal insulator 3 is inserted. The construction element also comprises a second part comprising two parallel panels connected by spacers at their longitudinal ends and an empty space in the center without spacers intended to house the occulting element. The two parts are placed against each other and the panels in contact are assembled, for example by screwing.

[0111] The fact that the spacers do not extend between the two panels at the level of the central part of the lintel does not hinder the assembly, since the construction elements which will be mounted on the lintel rest on the two panels fixed to each other and on the spacers of the first part.

[0112] A construction element forming a lintel without a reservation does not depart from the scope of the present application. Advantageously, it is planned to produce construction elements having a length equal to half the length of the standard elements and making it possible to complete a row. This construction element C8 comprises a single spacer E1 as shown in Figure 10. Unlike clay bricks and concrete blocks which require cutting to adapt to the dimensions of the wall to be made, thanks to the invention it is possible to superimpose construction elements of different sizes without having to cut them.

[0113] Particularly advantageously, each construction element comprises sealing means capable of ensuring air and water tightness at least in part with the other construction elements to which it will be assembled. The wall thus formed will be directly air and water tight.

[0114] In the example shown in Figure 1, the sealing means J comprise a seal covering the upper edge 6, along the base of the cutout 10, so as to come into contact with the lower edge of the construction elements of the upper row. The seal is for example made of EPDM. It advantageously has an adhesive face allowing easy attachment to the construction element. During assembly, the seal between the lateral edges is obtained for example by fixing an adhesive strip between two outer faces of two directly adjacent elements.

[0115] In the variant of the elements Cl shown in Figure 5B, joints may be provided on the side edges.

[0116] We will now describe an example of how to build a house using the elements according to the invention.

[0117] A slab D, possibly covered with a screed, was previously created.

[0118] The person building the house has ordered all the construction elements that correspond to the plan of the house, taking into account in particular the length of the facades and their height, the number of floors, the number of openings and their dimensions, the slope of the roof... All the elements are manufactured in the factory and are delivered ready to be installed.

[0119] In the first step, the lower rail 34 is placed on the slab.

[0120] In the example shown and in a non-limiting manner, the lower rail 34 comprises elements 36 and 39 connected to each other by connection elements 38 (figure In this example, the connection elements are butterfly-shaped and the ends of the elements 36, 39 comprise notches 40 shaped to each receive a wing of the connection element as can be seen in figure 12. In this example and advantageously, the notches 40 do not pass through the entire thickness of the rectilinear element but only over a part of the thickness, which makes it possible to simplify the production and to use connection elements of lesser thickness. In addition, during assembly the connection elements rest on the flat bottom of the notches 40 and not on the slab, the flatness of which is not always guaranteed.

[0121] This low rail has the advantage of ensuring automatic alignment of the elements with each other and guaranteeing the creation of right angles using the 39 elements. In addition, the low rail elements are more easily transportable than the classic low rails which generally measure between 4m and 5m in length.

[0122] The bottom rail can be fixed by screwing. It is preferably fixed to the slab using brackets to limit the risk of rising damp. If it is being fixed to a wooden floor, the bottom rail can be fixed directly to the floor by screwing it.

[0123] It will be understood that the implementation of any other low rail does not fall outside the scope of this application.

[0124] The lower rail delimits the exterior walls of the house.

[0125] In a next step, construction elements Cl are placed on the rectilinear parts and construction elements C2 at the angles.

[0126] The width of the lower rail is such that the lower longitudinal cutouts 8 of the construction elements C1, C2 are positioned on either side of the lateral edges of the elements 36 and 39 which are also provided with holes. Preferably, the elements C1 and C2 are screwed onto the lower rail, which simplifies assembly, in fact the assembly by screwing avoids having to pre-drill the lower rail and ensures alignment between these holes and the holes 12 of the construction elements. Nevertheless, a connection by doweling is possible.

[0127] The Cl building elements are arranged next to each other edge to edge.

[0128] The assembly of the C2 corner building elements is similar.

[0129] In a next step, the second row of building elements is mounted. The elements C1 are mounted in a staggered manner relative to the elements of the first row, so that the grooves 26 of the spacers E1, E2 receive the tongues 22 of the spacers E1, E2 of the building elements of the lower row. Then dowels 15 are inserted into the holes 12 of the upper and lower cutouts.

[0130] Repeat the previous step until the desired wall height is reached. Generally, this height is that of one floor minus one row, the last row being made using C3 elements (figure 13).

[0131] The arrangement of building elements takes into account openings, such as windows and doors. Figure 13 shows an opening O for a French window PF. When such openings are made, a building element C7 forming a lintel is provided above each opening (Figure 14).

[0132] As mentioned above, the last row is formed from elements C3 and suitable corner construction elements. Screws 41 for mounting joists are then screwed into the spacers E1', E2' as seen in Figure 15. The joists are equipped with fittings 43 cooperating with the heads of the screws (Figure 16).

[0133] In a next step, the joists 54 are laid and a floor 42 is arranged on the joists and on the upper face of the building elements C3 (figure 17).

[0134] In a next step, a low rail 44 is placed on the floor 42 (figure 18) which can be screwed directly to the floor, and construction elements are assembled in a similar manner to the previous steps.

[0135] In another example, the joists rest on the upper end of the battens such as those shown in Figure 15 and spacers arranged between the battens. Such an arrangement makes it possible to avoid using hardware, and to avoid having to use specific C3 elements.

[0136] In another embodiment, wall plates are fixed in the upper part of the walls, for example by screwing into the spacers of the construction elements, and fittings 43 similar to those visible in Figure 16 are fixed to the ends of the joists and cooperate with screw heads fixed in the wall plates.

[0137] In this example the floor is laid on the joists and does not rest on the top face of the building elements and stops against the bricks

[0138] This example has the advantage of not requiring the installation of a bottom rail, since the floor is not placed on the construction elements and the stacking of the construction elements continues as described previously. When the floor is finished, the gable is made. To do this, the intermediate construction elements C1 are arranged so as to draw the slope of the roof and an element C8 at the end of the gable as shown in Figure 19. Then the gable construction elements are placed, which are chosen according to the slope of the roof. In the example shown, it is a 66% slope and the elements used are elements C5 and C6, as seen in Figure 20.

[0139] In a next step, screws 56 for mounting the wall plates 46 are fixed into the spacers of the gable construction elements C5, C6, in a similar manner to the joist screws (figure 21).

[0140] In a next step, the wall plates 46 provided with fittings 47 are mounted on the screws, as shown in Figure 22.

[0141] The framework and the roofing are then carried out.

[0142] In Figure 23, we can see the house watertight and airtight.

[0143] It is advantageous to provide at least one cladding on the exterior facade of the house. For example, the battens are pre-drilled so that the pre-drilled holes are located between the studs.

[0144] T2 battens can also be installed on the inside of the walls. Drill holes are then made in both the PI and P2 panels. Cladding is then attached to the battens.

[0145] In an alternative embodiment, the studs are used to facilitate the installation of the cleats. In Figures 25A and 25B, vertical and horizontal sectional views of an example of a construction element C1 according to the invention can be seen in which the studs 15' project from the outer faces of the panels. The wall then has vertical lines of projecting stud ends.

[0146] The T2' cleats are configured to fit over the studs. In the example shown, a groove R is made in the face of the cleats intended to rest against the outer face of the panels along its entire length. The width of the groove is advantageously equal to the diameter of the studs, excluding the mounting clearance, also ensuring support when fixing the cleats to the construction elements.

[0147] The fitter places the T2' cleats so that the projecting ends of the 15' studs fit into the R groove. The cleats are then directly oriented vertically and spaced evenly apart. The cleats are then fixed to the construction elements, for example by screwing. It is possible to plan for only some studs to protrude.

[0148] The cleats may have discreet notches at the protruding ends of the studs.

[0149] This surface mounting also has the advantage of facilitating the removal of the studs, which is advantageous for the dismantling of the structure and its recycling.

[0150] In Figures 26 to 28, we can see another example of the construction elements used to make the gable.

[0151] In Figure 26, we can see a construction element C9 to support the intermediate purlins, i.e. outside the wall purlins and the ridge purlin.

[0152] The construction element C9 comprises two panels connected by spacers. The lower edge 56 of the panels is configured to rest on two successive construction elements C1. The lower edge 56 is stepped. The upper edge 58 is straight and follows the slope of the roof. Furthermore, one end 59 of the element C9 is configured to delimit a housing 60 for a longitudinal end of a purlin 62. The housing is delimited between two elements C9. The panels at the end 59 are cut so as to comprise an edge 64 parallel to the slope of the roof and an edge 66 perpendicular to the slope of the roof. The panels at the other end 61 of the element C9 comprise edges 68 perpendicular to the slope of the roof. Thus the edges 64, 66 and 68 delimit between them the housing for the end of a purlin. In this example, the edges 66 of the two panels are connected by a board 70, as are the edges 68.On the one hand, the boards 70 make it possible to close the elements to house the thermal insulation. On the other hand, in this example and advantageously, the length of the boards 70 is greater than the thickness of the element C9, making it possible to fix the purlin to the boards 70 by screwing, the boards themselves being fixed to the panels of the construction element.

[0153] The dimensions of element C9 depend on the spacing between two purlins. For example, element C9 can be planned to extend over three Cl elements.

[0154] In figures T1 and 28, the holes 12 receiving the studs 15 are not shown.

[0155] In Figure 27, we can see a complete pinion comprising the C9 elements.

[0156] Preferably, construction elements CIO for the wall purlins are provided. In this example, the end 61 of the panels is configured to accommodate a wall purlin 71. In the example shown, it has an edge parallel to the roof slope and a perpendicular edge. A board for fixing the wall purlin is also provided. It should be noted that the support of the wall beam will be mainly provided by the roofing panels. A construction element C11 for accommodating the ridge purlin 73 is provided. Element C11 rests on the highest element C1 of the gable by the lower edge 72 of the panels. The panels of element C11 have two upper edges 74 inclined relative to each other, each following the slope of a roof section. Between the two edges at the ridge, a housing 76 is provided to receive one end of the ridge purlin. As for elements C9 and C11, boards 78 connect the lateral edges of the housing.The ridge purlin is fixed to planks 78.

[0157] In Figure 28, the purlins are in place in the housings provided by elements C9, CIO and Cil in the gables.

[0158] The lower edges of elements C9, C10 and C11 are configured like elements Cl to C8 so as to allow dowel assembly.

[0159] In this example, the house is entirely made with the construction elements according to the invention. It is possible to use these construction elements to add a floor to a building that has been constructed using traditional methods. This has the advantage of reducing the mass of the added floor and reducing the stresses on the existing part.

[0160] Each building element preferably has a length that is the same as that of the other elements or a multiple or submultiple thereof.

[0161] Thanks to the invention, it is possible to construct a building relatively quickly and without special equipment. This construction is accessible to non-construction professionals.

[0162] Furthermore, once the walls are installed, they are practically ready. Only cladding is preferably required on the exterior facades, especially when the exterior panels are made of MDF. There is also no need to add thermal insulation. On the interior side, there is no need to add a finishing layer such as plasterboard®.

[0163] The construction element according to the invention has the advantage of being easy to handle and offering a simplified assembly method. In addition, it allows a dry construction method, i.e. without requiring water. In addition, the construction element uses neither concrete nor very little metal, which significantly reduces the carbon generation for its construction.

Claims

Claims 1. Construction element for the building comprising two parallel panels (Pl, P2) with respect to each other and connected to each other by at least one spacer (El, E2), each panel (Pl, P2) comprising at least one lower edge (4), said lower edge (4) comprising a cutout (8) so that the construction element cooperates by interlocking with one or more construction elements of a lower row or a bottom rail, said cutouts (8) comprising at least one bore (12) intended to be aligned with a bore of another construction element or a bottom rail, said bore (12) being configured for the installation of a stud (15) or a screw.

2. Construction element according to claim 1, in which the at least one spacer (El, E2) extends over the entire height of the panels and in which the spacer (El, E2) comprises on a lower edge a groove (26) and on an upper edge a tongue (22).

3. Construction element according to claim 1 or 2, in which each panel (P1, P2) has two straight side edges (9), so that when assembling several construction elements two construction elements arranged next to each other in a row are edge to edge.

4. Construction element according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a thermal insulating element (3) between the two panels (P1, P2).

5. Construction element according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising at least at the level of the upper edge (6) of each panel (P1, P2) sealing means intended to cooperate with panels of adjacent construction elements to ensure sealing between the construction elements.

6. Construction element according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the panels (P1, P2) are made of composite wood panel, preferably the panel intended to be inside the building is made of plywood and the panel intended to be outside the building is made of medium density wood fiber panel.

7. Construction element according to one of claims 1 to 6, configured to form a lintel, said construction element comprising a reservation for the installation of a concealing element rolling up on itself or folding back.

8. Construction element according to one of claims 1 to 6, configured for supporting joists, in which the at least one spacer has a thickness sufficient for fixing a support element of a joist.

9. Construction element according to one of claims 1 to 6, configured to form the gable of the building, in which the panels comprise at least one inclined edge defining the slope of the roof.

10. Construction element according to the preceding claim, in which the at least one spacer has a thickness sufficient for fixing a support element of a wall plate.

11. Building comprising a slab, a base rail and construction elements according to one of the preceding claims, said construction elements being superimposed and in which studs (15) are inserted into the holes (12) so as to connect two construction elements together.

12. Construction building according to the preceding claim, in which the lower rail (34) comprises a plurality of juxtaposed elements (36, 39) on the slab and connection elements (38) of the ends of the juxtaposed elements (36, 39).

13. Method of manufacturing a building comprising the steps: Installation of a lower rail (34) on a slab (D), - Installation of the construction elements according to one of claims 1 to 6 on the lower rail, - Installation of dowels (15) between the construction elements, - Assembly of several rows of construction elements and installation of dowels between each row of construction elements.

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