Compositions comprising bacteria consortia

Abstract

The present invention provides consortia of bacterial strains which reflect the intestinal microbiome complexity and increase desirable end metabolites production and their uses.

Description

[0001] COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING BACTERIA CONSORTIA

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates to the field of microbiology. It provides compositions comprising consortia of bacterial strains and uses thereof.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] Intestinal microbiome-based live biotherapeutic products ( LBPs) are emerging as a novel modality to treat a large number of chronic diseases. The therapeutic objective is to induce a targeted modulation of the intestinal microbiota by administering live microorganisms to reverse dysbiosis and promote recovery.

[0006] Fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from healthy donors is currently the most successful method of restoring diseased microbiota to a healthy state. However, it is not fully understood what the specific properties of a healthy microbiota are and how these might promote recovery, resulting in variable efficacy of FMT for different diseases. Moreover, the potential for adverse events with FMT raises critical safety concerns.

[0007] Defined bacterial consortia that are well-characterized represent a safer and more controlled alternative to FMT. Because a healthy microbiota typically contains hundreds of strains, simply recreating the full taxonomic diversity in a defined product is intangible. The complexity can, however, be reduced by removing functionally redundant strains and focusing on those microbial functions that are key for the specific therapeutic target. While intuitive in principle, translating this functional concept into a defined consortium is not straightforward, because most of the intestinal microbiota remains uncultured and uncharacterized. In addition, mixing together microorganisms does not guarantee them to interact with one another and to occupy functional niches that require microbial networking. Product stability, standardization and performance of important functions can therefore not always be guaranteed.

[0008] Then, there is a need to design alternative and specific consortia of bacterial species which can reflect the intestinal microbiome complexity and which can be effectively used to prevent or treat intestinal dysbiosis and diseases or disorders related to such condition.

[0009] In addition, it is known in the art that intestinal dysbiosis impairs the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), organic fatty acids with one to six carbons that are produced within the intestinal lumen by bacterial fermentation of undigested dietary carbohydrates. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the most abundant SCFA produced in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Among SCFA studies, there have been many investigations into the effects of butyrate and its potential applications in human health. Butyrate is known to have beneficial effects on epithelial barrier function and overall gut health. It is a cellular mediator regulating multiple functions of gut human and microbial cells including gene expression, immune modulation and oxidative stress reduction. Mammalian cells do not produce significant amounts of butyrate, so that the only significant sources are the intestinal microbiome and ingestion of dairy products.

[0010] There is thus a need to develop specific consortia of bacterial species which can both reflect the intestinal microbiome complexity and increase desirable end metabolites production such as butyrate, to prevent or treat intestinal dysbiosis and related diseases or disorders.

[0011] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0012] Here, the inventors present consortia of bacterial strains in which the overall function of an intestinal microbiome is divided among the bacterial strains based on the principle of 'division of labor'. The inventors particularly selected anaerobic intestinal bacteria that cover the essential elements of carbohydrate metabolism in the large intestine.

[0013] Using continuous co-culture fermentations, the inventors confirmed the reproducible establishment of a compositional and metabolic equilibrium with complete carbohydrate fermentation akin to a healthy intestinal microbiome in such consortia. Such co-cultured consortium performs differently than an equivalent mix of identical but individually cultivated bacterial strains.

[0014] The inventors have particularly designed bacterial consortia reflecting the carbohydrate degradation metabolic network of the human intestinal microbiome which is stable over time and avoids accumulation of intermediate metabolites while reliably producing end metabolites. The inventors surprisingly found that such consortia are able to enhance butyrate production, without destabilization of the consortium. The shift towards butyrate can be achieved by specifically selecting the bacterial strains fulfilling a butyrate producing function of the said metabolic network, such as bacterial strains Agathobacter rectalis and Anaerostipes caccae.

[0015] The inventors show a synergistic effect of the combination of Agathobacter rectalis and Anaerostipes caccae but also of Anaerobutyricum hallii and A. rectalis on butyrate production. The metabolic profile of the coculture goes beyond the sum of butyrate production by each strain taken in isolation.

[0016] In a first aspect, the invention concerns a composition comprising a bacteria consortium of anaerobic bacterial strains, in particular of anaerobic bacterial strains of an intestinal microbiome, wherein said consortium comprises i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and comprises no more than 15 different bacterial strains, for use in the treatment of a disease or disorder caused by or related to an intestinal dysbiosis.

[0017] The invention particularly concerns a composition comprising a bacteria consortium of anaerobic bacterial strains, wherein said consortium comprises i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and comprises no more than 15 different bacterial strains, for use in the treatment of an intestinal dysbiosis or of a disease or disorder caused by or related to an intestinal dysbiosis.

[0018] The intestinal dysbiosis is particularly selected from the group consisting of an intestinal dysbiosis following antibiotics treatment, an intestinal dysbiosis following infection by vancomycin resistant enterococci, an intestinal dysbiosis following infection by carbapenem resistant enterococci, and an intestinal dysbiosis following post-infectious diarrhea.

[0019] The disease or disorder caused by or related to an intestinal dysbiosis is particularly selected from the group consisting of inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; rheumatoid arthritis; multiple sclerosis; graft versus host disease; solid and liquid cancer, in particular gastrointestinal cancer, colorectal cancer and acute myeloid leukaemia.

[0020] In particular, the disease or disorder caused by or related to an intestinal dysbiosis is selected from the group consisting of dysbiosis following antibiotics treatment, following infection by vancomycin resistant enterococci, following infection by carbapenem resistant enterococci, or following post-infectious diarrhea; inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; rheumatoid arthritis; multiple sclerosis; graft versus host disease; solid and liquid cancers, in particular gastrointestinal cancer, colorectal cancer and acute myeloid leukemia.

[0021] In some embodiments, the consortium comprises i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii) one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate, lactate, succinate, acetate, butyrate and / or propionate, wherein the primary substrates are selected from the group consisting of sugars, starches, fibers and proteins and any combination thereof.

[0022] Preferably, the consortium comprises one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into lactate.

[0023] Additionally or alternatively, the consortium comprises: one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate; one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert formate into acetate; and / or one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate.

[0024] Additionally or alternatively, the consortium comprises: one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate; and / or one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate.

[0025] Preferably:

[0026] - the strain able to convert primary substrates into formate is able to transform at least 20% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into formate when grown at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;

[0027] - the strain able to convert primary substrates into acetate is able to transform at least 30% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into acetate when grown at least for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;

[0028] - the strain able to convert primary substrates into butyrate is able to transform at least 30% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into butyrate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;

[0029] - the strain able to convert primary substrates into lactate is able to transform at least 30% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into lactate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;

[0030] - the strain able to convert primary substrates into lactate is able to transform at least 30% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites into propionate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;

[0031] - the strain able to convert primary substrates into lactate is able to transform at least 30% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into propionate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;

[0032] - the strain able to convert primary substrates into lactate is able to transform at least 30% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into succinate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;

[0033] - the strain able to convert formate into acetate is able to degrade at least 20% of formate and transform at least 20% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into acetate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with formate;

[0034] - the strain able to convert acetate into butyrate is able to degrade at least 20% of acetate and transform at least 20% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into butyrate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with acetate; - the strain able to convert lactate into butyrate is able to degrade at least 20% of lactate and transform at least 20% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into butyrate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with lactate;

[0035] - the strain able to convert lactate into propionate is able to degrade at least 20% of lactate and transform at least 20% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into propionate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with lactate; and / or

[0036] - the strain able to convert succinate into propionate is able to degrade at least 20% of formate and transform at least 20% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into propionate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with succinate.

[0037] Preferably, the composition does not comprise one or more bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum nov sp., Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus_A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp. parvula and Veillonella ratti. More preferably, the composition does not comprise one or more bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium_E, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella. Even more preferably, the composition does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert lactate into propionate.

[0038] Preferably, in the consortium according to the invention:

[0039] - the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is / are selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus; and / or

[0040] - the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia, and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; and / or

[0041] - the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is / are selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus; and / or

[0042] - the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, even more preferably from the genera Bacteroides or Prevotella; and / or

[0043] - the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the genera Blautia, Eubacterium, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter and Intestinibacter; preferably Blautia and Eubacterium, even more preferably from the genus Blautia or Intestinibacter; and / or

[0044] - the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is / are selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella, preferably from Dialister, Flavonifractor and Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0045] Preferably, in the consortium according to the invention: the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is / are selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is / are selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the genera Acutalibacter novel genus, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the genera Blautia, Eubacterium; Terrisporobacter and Intestinibacter; and / or the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is / are selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella.

[0046] Preferably, in the consortium according to the invention: the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is / are selected from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is / are selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the genera Blautia, Eubacterium, Terrisporobacter and Intestinibacter; and / or the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is / are selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A.

[0047] Particularly, in the consortium according to the invention: the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is from the genus Ruminococcus; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is from the genus Bifidobacterium; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is from the genus Lactobacillus; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is from the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is from the genus Blautia or Terrisporobacter, preferably from the genus Blautia and / or the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is from the genus Phascolarctobacterium .

[0048] Even more preferably, in the consortium according to the invention:

[0049] - the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is / are selected from the species Bacteroides clarus (e.g. DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g. DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g. ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g. ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g. ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g. DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g. ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g. ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g. DSM Y1B11 , ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g. ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminococcus bromii (e.g. ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749); preferably from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus bromii; more preferably from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii; most preferably is from the specie Ruminococcus bromii; and / or the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter no v. genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g. ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g. ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g. ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g. ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g. ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g. DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g. ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g. ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g. ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g. ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 3, 4 or 8, or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g. ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g. DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Escherichia coli (e.g. ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g. ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g. ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Hungatella effluvii (e.g. DSM 24995), Hungatella_A sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto),, Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g. DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g. ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g. DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g. ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g. JCM 30749) and Veillonella ratti (e.g. ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp. and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; more preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; most preferably is from the specie Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and / or the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is / are selected from the species Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter faecis (also named Roseburia faecis), Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (also named Lactobacillus rhamnosus), Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; more preferably from the species Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (also named Lactobacillus rhamnosus), Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; most preferably is from the specie Lactobacillus rhamnosus and / or the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Prevotella copri (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464); preferably from Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; most preferably from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Prevotella copri and Bacteroides xylanisolvens, the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Blautia_A wexlerae, Blautia_A luti (e.g., DSM 14534), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATTC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Terrisporobacter othiniensis (e.g., DSM 29186) and Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), preferably from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica or Intestinibacter bartlettii; and / or the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is / are selected from the species Dialister homims (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533J, Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula (e.g., DSM 2008) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably from Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens; more preferably from the specie Phascolarctobacterium faecium.

[0050] In particular embodiments, in the consortium according to the invention: the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is / are selected from the species Bacteroides clarus, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Collinsella aerofaciens, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens , Longicatena sp., Ruminococcus bromii and Sellimonas intestinalis; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini, Acutalibacter nov. genus having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Collinsella aerofaciens, Copromonas sp, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp., Escherichia coli, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Hungatella effluvii, Hungatella_A sp., Oliverpabstia sp., Peptoniphilus vaginalis, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Phocaeicola plebeius, Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, Ruminoccocus bromii, Sellimonas intestinalis and Veillonella ratti; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is / are selected from the species Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroidesfaecis, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Longicatena sp., Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Roseburia hominis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Oliverpabstia sp., Bacteroides faecis, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri;; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae in particular having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum; and / or the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is / are selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens, Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula and Veillonella ratti.

[0051] In particular embodiments, in the consortium according to the invention: the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is / are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus bromii; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp., Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp. And Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is / are selected from the species Agathobacter faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the species Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae in particular having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum; and / or the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is / are selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens.

[0052] In particular embodiments, in the consortium according to the invention: the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is / are selected from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is / are selected from the species Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus, in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto, Prevotella copri and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae in particular having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus and Terrisporobacter mayombei; and / or the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is / are selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens.

[0053] In particular embodiments, in the consortium according to the invention: the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is from the specie Ruminococcus bromii; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and Bifidobacterium ruminantium the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is from the species Lactobacillus rhamnosus; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, and Prevotella copri; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, and / or the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is from the species Phascolarctobacterium faecium.

[0054] In particular embodiments, in the consortium according to the invention: the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is Ruminococcus bromii; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate Bifidobacterium adolescentis, the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is Lactobacillus rhamnosus; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus, in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto, Prevotella copri and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is Blautia hydrogenotrophica; and / or the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is Phascolarctobacterium faecium.

[0055] In particular embodiments, in the consortium according to the invention:

[0056] - the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate comprise, or consist of, Ruminococcus bromii; and / or

[0057] - the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate comprise, or consist of, Bifidobacterium adolescentis; and / or

[0058] - the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate comprise, or consist of, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (also named Lactobacillus rhamnosus); and / or

[0059] - the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Prevotella copri and Acutalibacter nov. genus having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto, preferably selected from Bacteroides xylanisolvens and Prevotella copri; and / or

[0060] - the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate comprise, or consist of, Blautia hydrogenotrophica; and / or

[0061] - the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate comprise, or consist of, Phascolarctobacterium faecium. In particular, the bacteria consortium of the invention comprises or essentially consists of Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and : a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Prevotella copri and a bacterium Acutalibacter nov. genus having a DNA genome sequence having 90%, 95% or 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1; and a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Paraclostridium bifermentans, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum, preferably from the group consisting of Paraclostridium bifermentans, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum.

[0062] Alternatively, the bacteria consortium comprises or essentially consists of Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and : a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Prevotella copri and a bacterium Acutalibacter nov. genus having a DNA genome sequence having 90%, 95% or 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1; and a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum, preferably from the group consisting of Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Blautia_A luti and Blautia_A wexlerae in particular having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto.

[0063] Preferably, the bacteria consortium of the invention comprises or essentially consists of:

[0064] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; or

[0065] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Prevotella copri; or

[0066] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and a bacterium having a DNA genome sequence having at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, even more preferably at least 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1; or

[0067] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; or

[0068] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Prevotella copri; or

[0069] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and a bacterium having a DNA genome sequence having at least 90%, preferably at least 95% , even more preferably at least 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1; or

[0070] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens;

[0071] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Prevotella copri; or

[0072] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and a bacterium having a DNA genome sequence having at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, even more preferably at least 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1.

[0073] In some aspects, Blautia hydrogenotrophica can be replaced by a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Paraclostridium bifermentans, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum, preferably by Intestinibacter bartlettii, in any of the bacteria consortium described above. Alternatively, Blautia hydrogenotrophica can be replaced by a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum, preferably from the group consisting of Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, even more preferably from the group consisting of Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae, , in any one of the bacteria consortium described herein. In some aspects, the bacteria consortium of the invention comprises or consists of:

[0074] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens;

[0075] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Prevotella copri;

[0076] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and a bacterium having a DNA genome sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1;

[0077] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; or

[0078] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia_A wexlerae, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens.

[0079] In particular, the composition of the invention comprises between 5 and 15 different bacterial strains, preferably between 6 and 10 different bacterial strains.

[0080] Preferably, the composition of the invention is free of, or essentially free of succinate, formate and / or lactate.

[0081] In some embodiments, the composition of the invention comprises:

[0082] - propionate, acetate and / or butyrate;

[0083] - a pharmaceutical excipient or carrier; and / or

[0084] - a component selected from the group consisting of cryoprotecting media, in particular glycerol; culture or dispersing media, in particular comprising peptone, yeast extract, monosaccharides, disaccharides, arabinogalactan, fructo-oligosaccharides, fibers, glycerol, soluble starch, resistant starch, xylan, minerals, cofactors, vitamins and reducing agents; aqueous gels; prebiotics and polymeric supports; and any combination thereof.

[0085] In other aspects, the invention concerns a composition as defined herein and a bioreactor comprising such composition.

[0086] In other aspects, the invention concerns a method for treating an intestinal dysbiosis or a disease or disorder caused by or related to an intestinal dysbiosis in a subject, wherein the method comprises administering a composition of the invention to said subject. The invention finally concerns the use of a composition of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of an intestinal dysbiosis or of a disease or disorder caused by or related to an intestinal dysbiosis.

[0087] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0088] Definitions

[0089] Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art, notations and other scientific terminology used herein are intended to have the meanings commonly understood by those of skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0090] In order that the present invention may be more readily understood, certain terms are defined hereafter. Additional definitions are set forth throughout the detailed description.

[0091] As used herein, the terms "microbiome" and "microbiota" are equivalent and refer to the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that literally share the same given habitat or host. These terms particularly refer to the human gut or intestinal microbiome.

[0092] The terms "bacterium", "bacterium strain" and "bacterial strain" can be used interchangeably and denote any bacterium of the taxonomic domain Bacteria. Due to their functions, species of the genera Methanobrevibacter and Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus (also named herein Methanomassiliicoccus) belonging to the taxonomic domain Archaea shall be herein included in these terms. Preferably, terms "bacterium", "bacterium strain" and "bacterial strain" refer to the taxonomic domain Bacteria.

[0093] Definitions of species used herein are defined by sequence identity of their whole genome and / or characteristic sections thereof (as the case may be via reference to a public database). For example, bacteria with a 16S rRNA sequence similarity of at least 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8% or 99.9%, preferably 99.9%, are considered as belonging to a same taxon. As the skilled person is aware, nomenclature is constantly subject to changes, due to developing methods of analysis and approaches of the research community. For instance, the genus of Clostridia has been sub divided into Clostridum_E, Clostridium_Q_, etc. Previous and current assignments of genomes to taxons can be retrieved, for example, from https: / / www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / Taxonomy / Browser / wwwtax.cgi or from https: / / https: / / gtdb.ecogenomic.org / . Changes in the nomenclature which have been suggested by the research community or a part of the research community and may be of relevance to the present invention include reclassification of Clostridium sporosphaeroides to Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Clostridium symbiosum to Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Coprococcus catus to Coprococcus_A catus, Hungatella sp. To Hungatella_A species, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens to Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens, Ruminococcus bromii to Ruminococcus_E bromii. Whenever the traditional term for a genus is used (e.g. Clostridium), it is also meant to cover newly introduced related genera (e.g. Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, etc.)

[0094] It should be noticed that bacterium Clostridium lactatifermentans has been recently renamed Anaerotignum lactatifermentans. Then, as used herein, the terms "Clostridium lactatifermentans" and "Anaerotignum lactatifermentans" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0095] It should also be noticed that bacterium “Eubacterium rectale" has been renamed “Agathobacter rectalis" . Then, as used herein, the terms "Eubacterium rectale" and "Agathobacter rectalis" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0096] It should be noted that bacterium "Eubacterium hallii" has been renamed “Anaerobutyricum hallii". Then, as used herein, the terms "Eubacterium hallii" and "Anaerobutyricum hallii" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0097] It should be noted that bacterium "Agathobacter faecis" has been renamed “Roseburia faecis" . Then, as used herein, the terms "Agathobacter faecis" and "Roseburia faecis" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0098] It should be noted that bacterium "Lactobacillus rhamnosus" has been renamed “Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus" . Then, as used herein, the terms "Lactobacillus rhamnosus" and "Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0099] It should be noted that bacterium "Eubacterium eligens" has been renamed “Lachnospira eligens". Then, as used herein, the terms "Eubacterium eligens" and "Lachnospira eligens" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0100] It should be noted that "Clostridium ba rtlettii" has been renamed "Intestinibacter bartlettii". Then, as used herein, the terms "Clostridium bartlettii" and "Intestinibacter bartlettii" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0101] It should be noted that "Clostridium glycolicum" has been renamed "Terrisprobacter glycolicus". Then, as used herein, the terms "Clostridium glycolicum" and “Terrisporobacter glycolicus" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0102] It should be noted that "Clostridium mayombei" has been renamed "Terrisporobacter mayombei". Then, as used herein, the terms "Clostridium mayombei" and "Terrisporobacter mayombei" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably. It should be noted that "Clostridium bifermentans" has been renamed "Paraclostridium bifermentans". Then, as used herein, the terms "Clostridium bifermentans" and "Paraclostridium bifermentans" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.

[0103] The term "consortium", "microbial consortium" or "bacterial consortium" refers herein to at least three microbial organisms, preferably of five or more bacteria, officiating in the same metabolic or trophic network. Preferably, microbial members of the consortium collaborate, in particular for their subsistence, into the consortium. More preferably, each bacterium of the consortium (i) produces a compound which is utilized by another bacterium of the consortium and / or (ii) utilizes a compound which is produced by another bacterium of the consortium.

[0104] The term "short chain fatty acids" (SCFA) is also known as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and specifically denotes fatty acids with two to six carbon atoms.

[0105] As used herein, the term "intermediate metabolite" denotes a metabolite produced by bacteria that are used as energy source or substrates by other bacteria. Such intermediate metabolites in particular may include degradation products from fibers, proteins or other organic compounds. Preferably, the intermediate metabolites are one or more of formate, lactate and succinate. More generally, the term "intermediate metabolites" may refer to an undesirable metabolite, the presence or amount of which being limited as much as possible in the composition according to the invention.

[0106] As used herein, the term "end metabolites" denotes the metabolites produced by bacteria that are not or only partially utilized by other bacteria. Preferably, end metabolites include butyrate and acetate and / or propionate, more preferably butyrate. More generally, the term "end metabolites" may refer to a desirable metabolite, the presence or amount of which being enriched in the composition according to the invention.

[0107] As used herein, the term "a", "an", "the" and similar terms used in the context of the present invention (especially in the context of the claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and plural unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by the context.

[0108] As used herein, the terms "including", "containing" and "comprising" are used herein in their open, nonlimiting sense.

[0109] As used herein, the term "consist essentially of" refers to those elements required for a given embodiment. This term indicates the inclusion of any recited characteristics and permits the optional presence of elements that do not materially affect nor change the characteristics or functions of said embodiment. Preferably, in the context of a composition comprising bacteria, it refers to a composition that comprises the recited bacteria, and optionally includes other components such as prebiotics, at the exclusion of other microorganisms such as bacteria. In preferred embodiments, the term "consist essentially of" refers a composition that comprises the recited bacteria, and optionally includes other components such as prebiotics, at the exclusion of other bacteria.

[0110] The term "at least one" means "one or more" or "one or several". For instance, it refers to one, two, three or more.

[0111] Consortium of bacterial strains

[0112] The inventors have developed specific consortia of bacterial species which both reflect the intestinal microbiome complexity and increase desirable end metabolites production, especially butyrate. The bacterial strains of the consortia disclosed herein have been selected to enable metabolic cross-feeding interactions or collaboration between each other.

[0113] Preferably, bacteria of the consortia disclosed herein are bacteria of the intestinal or gut microbiota, in particular of human gut or intestinal microbiota. Preferably, such bacteria are not pathogenic bacteria. This means that bacteria according to the invention are known as not able to trigger any disease or disorder in a subject. Preferably, bacteria used in the present invention are bacteria strains of class I.

[0114] Preferably, the bacteria of the consortia used in the present invention are facultatively or strictly anaerobic.

[0115] Preferably, the bacteria of the consortium are isolated or purified bacteria, such as isolated or purified from a human intestinal microbiome. In microbiology, the term "isolation" or "purification" refers to the separation of a bacterial strain from a natural, mixed population of living microbes, such as the gut microbiota, or extracted from a sample of such gut microbiota, such as a fecal or stool sample.

[0116] Preferably, the bacteria of the consortia disclosed herein are live bacteria. The terms "viable bacterium" and "live bacterium" can be used interchangeably and denote a bacterium which has the capacity to grow under suitable conditions. Bacterial viability can be measured using biochemical assays. Preferably, these terms relate to a bacterium strain (i) having a viability of over 50% (e.g., in compositions such as pharmaceutical compositions), typically over 60% and preferably over 90%, in particular as determined by flow cytometry.

[0117] Preferably, the bacteria of the consortia disclosed herein are able to convert substrates and / or metabolites. As used herein, the term "convert" or "conversion" refers to the transformation of a substrate into a metabolite or to the transformation of a metabolite into another, particularly through enzymatic reactions, such as within metabolic pathways.

[0118] Techniques for measuring substrates and / or metabolites conversion are well known in the art, such as metabolomics, isotope labelling and metabolic flux analysis to trace the conversion and flow of metabolites, Pulsed stable isotope-resolved metabolomics, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics (such as LC-MS, GC-MS, HPLC-MS), or biological assays. These analytical techniques enable the detection, identification, and quantification of metabolites and their conversion products,

[0119] In order to create a consortium reflecting the gut microbiota complexity, the inventors have identified key functions / pathways that are performed by bacteria of an intestinal microbiome. When bacteria are assembled into a particular consortium according to the invention, each of the bacterial strain of the consortium is able to perform a pathway selected from the group consisting of pathways Al, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, Bl, B2, B3, B5, Cl and C2 and any combination thereof. Optionally, a bacterial strain of the consortium may be able to perform pathway B4. Preferably, the consortium does not comprise any bacteria which is able to perform pathway B4. These pathways are defined below.

[0120] As used herein, pathway (Al) corresponds to the conversion of primary substrates and production of formate. Then, a bacterial strain able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into formate performs pathway Al.

[0121] In particular, bacteria performing pathway (Al) are able to transform at least 20%, at least 25%, more preferably at least 30% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites, i.e. formate (FO), lactate (LT), succinate (SU), acetate (AA), propionate (PA), butyrate (BA) and Ethanol (Et), into formate, especially when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium. In other words, after the experiment, at least 20%, at least 25% or at least 30%, preferably at least 30%, of the total carbon in the combined metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et) is present as formate.

[0122] By "single culture" it is meant a method of growing isolated bacteria from a single specie or genus on a nutrient standard medium under controlled condition.

[0123] By "standard medium" is meant a media that will support the growth of a wide variety of bacteria. Standard medium usually comprises a carbon source, a source of potassium and / or phosphorus; a source of nitrogen and / or sulfur; and a source of magnesium.

[0124] Examples of suitable standard medium are YCFA and M2GSC which are well known to those of skill in the art. YCFA can be prepared as described in Duncan et al., Roseburia intestinalis sp. Nov., a novel saccharolytic, butyrate-producing bacterium from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2002;52:1615-1620. Doi:10.1099 / 00207713-52-5-1615. It is mainly composed of casitone, yeast extract, buffer (NaHCO3), reducing agent (cysteine, resazurin), mineral sources (K2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaCI, MgSO4, CaCI2), vitamins (biotin, cobalamin, aminobenzoic acid, folic acid, pyridoxamine). M2GSC can be prepared as described in Miyazaki et al., Degradation and utilization of xylans by the rumen anaerobe Prevotella bryantii (formerly P. ruminicola subsp. Brevis) B14. Anaerobe. 1997;3:373-381. Doi:10.1006 / anae.1997.0125. It is mainly composed of casitone, yeast extract, buffer (NaHCO3), glucose, cellbiose, soluble starch, rumen fluid, reducing agent (cysteine, resazurin), mineral sources (K2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaCI, MgSO4, CaCI2).

[0125] As used herein, pathway (A2) corresponds to the conversion of primary substrates and production of acetate. Then, a bacterial strain able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into acetate performs pathway A2.

[0126] In particular, bacteria performing pathway (A2) are able to transform at least 30%, at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Ethanol into acetate, especially when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium. In other words, after the experiment, at least 30%, at least 50% or at least 60%, preferably 60%, of the total carbon in the combined metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et) is present as acetate.

[0127] As used herein, pathway (A3) corresponds to the conversion of primary substrates and production of butyrate.

[0128] In particular, bacteria performing pathway (A3) are able to transform at least 30%, at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Ethanol into butyrate, especially when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium. In other words, after the experiment, at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably 60%, of the total carbon in the combined metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et) is present as butyrate.

[0129] As used herein, pathway (A4) corresponds to the conversion of primary substrates and production of lactate.

[0130] In particular, bacteria performing pathway (A4) are able to transform at least 30%, at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon transformed into FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Ethanol into lactate, especially when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium. In other words, after the experiment, at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon in the combined metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et) is present as lactate.

[0131] As used herein, pathway (A5) corresponds to the conversion of primary substrates and production of propionate.

[0132] In particular, bacteria performing pathway (A5) are able to transform at least 30%, at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon transformed into FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Ethanol into acetate, especially when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium. In other words, after the experiment, at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon in the combined metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et) is present as acetate.

[0133] As used herein, pathway (A6) corresponds to the conversion of primary substrates and production of succinate.

[0134] In particular, bacteria performing pathway (A6) are able to transform at least 30%, at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon transformed into FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Ethanol into succinate, especially when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium. In other words, after the experiment, at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 60% of the total carbon in the combined metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et) is present as succinate.

[0135] As used herein, pathway (Bl) corresponds to the conversion of formate and production of acetate.

[0136] In particular, bacteria performing pathway (Bl) are able to degrade at least 20% of formate in medium and transform at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Ethanol into acetate, especially when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with formate. In other words, after the experiment, at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon in the combined positively accumulated metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et | Ametaboiite > 0) is present as acetate.

[0137] As used herein, pathway (B2) corresponds to the conversion of acetate and production of butyrate.

[0138] In particular, bacteria performing pathway (B2) degrade at least 20% of acetate in medium and transform at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Ethanol into butyrate, especially when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium or standard medium comprising or supplemented with FO, LT and / or SU. In other words, after the experiment, at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon in the combined positively accumulated metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et I Ametaboiite > 0) is present as butyrate.

[0139] As used herein, pathway (B3) corresponds to the conversion of lactate and production of butyrate.

[0140] In particular, bacteria performing pathway (B3) degrade at least 20% of lactate in medium and transform at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Ethanol into butyrate, especially when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with lactate. In other words, after the experiment, at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon in the combined positively accumulated metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et | Ametaboiite > 0) is present as butyrate. As used herein, pathway (B4) corresponds to the conversion of lactate and production of propionate.

[0141] In particular, bacteria performing pathway (B4) degrade at least 20% of lactate in medium and transform at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Ethanol into propionate, especially when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with lactate. In other words, after the experiment, at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon in the combined positively accumulated metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et | Ametaboiite > 0) is present as propionate.

[0142] As used herein, pathway (B5) corresponds to the conversion of succinate and production of propionate.

[0143] In particular, bacteria performing pathway (B5) degrade at least 20% of succinate in medium and transform at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Ethanol into propionate, especially when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with succinate. In other words, after the experiment, at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon in the combined positively accumulated metabolites (FO+LT+SU+AA+PA+BA+Et | Ametaboiite > 0) is present as propionate.

[0144] As used herein, pathway (Cl) corresponds to the conversion of primary substrates to lactate while reducing oxygen.

[0145] As used herein, pathway (C2) corresponds to the conversion of H2, CO2 and formate to acetate.

[0146] Literature data on hydrogen utilization or oxygen tolerability were used to assign C-reactions to the strains, whereby oxygen reduction was assigned to strains reported to grow under aerobic or microaerophilic conditions and hydrogen consumption to acetogenic or methanogenic gut bacteria. Bacterial strains being able to maintain concentrations in the culture medium of 02 below a concentration inhibiting proliferation of at least one bacterial strain of the consortium can be identified as described in literature (02 concentration < 2mg / L in the liquid phase and / or RedOx potential < -250mV; see Ricciardi et al., Rapid detection assay for oxygen consumption in the Lactobacillus casei group, Ann Microbiol 64, 1861-1864 (2014). Bacterial strains being able to maintain concentrations in the culture medium of H2 below a concentration inhibiting proliferation of at least one bacterial strain of the consortium can be identified as described in literature, by analyzing the H2 amount in the headspace of a Hungate tube (preferably below 4%; see Leclerc et al., H2 / CO2 metabolism in acetogenic bacteria, isolated from the human colon, Anaerobe, 3(5), 307-315 (1997); Pham et al., Lactate-utilizing community is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in colicky infants. Sci Rep.;

[0147] 7(1):11176 (2017)).

[0148] Then, bacteria are particularly defined herein by their capacities or abilities to perform particular pathways of an intestinal microbiome. Such abilities are for example capacity to degrade or convert a particular substrate, for example such as starch, and to produce a particular product or metabolite, for example such as butyrate. Generally, one bacterium is able to degrade or convert a substrate (e.g., starch) and to produce a product (e.g., butyrate). Accordingly, bacteria that are able to degrade or convert the same substrate(s) (e.g., starch) and to produce the same metabolite(s) (e.g., butyrate) performed the same pathways.

[0149] Such capacities of a bacterium are well known in the art. Experiments are known in the art to test whether a bacterial strain is able to perform a metabolic pathway. For example, the degradation of sugars, starches or fibers can be tested simply by providing such substrate to bacteria while observing or monitoring their growth. For example, bacteria can be characterized for growth and metabolite production on M2GSC Medium (e.g., ATCC Medium 2857) and modifications thereof whereby the carbon sources glucose, cellobiose and starch are replaced by specific substrates including intermediate metabolites and / or fibers, preferably such as found in the human intestine. The concentrations of the produced metabolites can for example be quantified by any analytic method available for the person skilled in the art such as refractive index detection high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-RI; for example, as provided by Thermo Scientific Accela™). Additional examples of such experiments are provided below for each of the different groups of pathways. In such examples, the concentration of metabolites is preferably determined by centrifuging a liquid culture sample before / after the at least 48 hours growth period, filtering the supernatant, and subjecting filtrate to refractive index detection high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC-RI).

[0150] In particular, to test whether a bacterial strain is able to perform pathways (A1)-(A6), the experiment can be as follows: the bacterial strain, when grown in single culture, strictly anaerobically, in Hungate tubes for at least 48 hours on YCFA medium (Yeast extract, casitone, fatty acids) and / or M2GSC medium (Glucose, soluble starch, cellbiose medium) at pH 6.5-7 and 37°C, is able to transform a defined minimal share of the total carbon converted into the combined metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Et into the metabolite of interest. For example, the condition for a bacterial strain to qualify as a formate producer (performing pathway Al) is: For instance, the minimal share for formate (pathway Al) is 0.2, preferably 0.25, more preferably 0.3. The minimal share for acetate (A2), butyrate (A3), lactate (A4), propionate (A5) and succinate (A6) are 0.3, preferably 0.5, more preferably 0.6.

[0151] To test if a bacterial strain is able to perform pathways (B1),(B3)-(B5) the experiment can be as follows: the bacterial strain, when grown in single culture, strictly anaerobically, in Hungate tubes for at least 48 hours on modified M2GSC or YCFA medium at pH 6.5-7 and 37°C, degrade at least 20% of the intermediate metabolite of interest (FO, LT, SU), and transform at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon converted into the combined metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Et (i.e., those of FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Et which are positively accumulated) into the respective end metabolite of interest (AA, BA, PA). The modified media M2FO, M2LT and M2SU particularly contain 30 mM of formate (FO), 30mM of DL-lactate (LT), or 30 mM of sodium succinate (SU), respectively.

[0152] For example, the conditions for a bacterial strain to qualify as a lactate to butyrate converter (performing pathway B3), are:

[0153] Finally, to test if a bacterial strain is able to perform pathway (B2) the experiment can be as follows: the bacterial strain, when grown in single culture, strictly anaerobically, in Hungate tubes for at least 48 hours on

[0154] YCFA, M2GSC medium or their modified form as described above, at pH 6.5-7 and 37°C, degrade at least 20% of acetate in medium, and transform at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 65% of the total carbon converted into the combined metabolites FO, LT, SU, AA, PA, BA and Et (i.e. those of FO, LT,

[0155] SU, AA, PA, BA and Et which are positively accumulated) into butyrate.

[0156] For example, the conditions for a bacterial strain to qualify as an acetate to butyrate converter (performing pathway B2) are: A single strain can be tested for each of the above conditions to determine whether it is able to perform one or more metabolic pathway(s) such as described herein.

[0157] Preferably, Agathobacter rectalis bacteria comprised in the consortium according to the invention are able to perform pathways A4 and / or B2, preferably pathways A4 and B2 such as described above.

[0158] Preferably, Anaerostipes caccae bacteria comprised in the consortium according to the invention are able to perform pathways A3 and / or B2 and / or B3, preferably pathways A3, B2 and B3 such as described above.

[0159] Preferably, Anaerobutyricum hallii bacteria comprised in the consortium according to the invention are able to perform pathways A3 and / or B2 and / or B3 and optionally C2, preferably pathways A3, B2 and B3 such as described above.

[0160] The invention concerns consortium of anaerobic bacterial strains of an intestinal microbiome, wherein said consortium comprises of i) Agathobacter rectalis, and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and no more than 15 different bacterial strains.

[0161] In some embodiments, the bacterial ratio between i) Agathobacter rectalis, and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii is comprised between 107:l and l:107, preferably between 105:l and l:105, more preferably between 103:l and l:103, particularly preferably between 100:1 and 1:100, most preferably between 10:1 and 1:10.

[0162] In some embodiments, the bacterial ratio between Agathobacter rectalis and Anaerostipes caccae is comprised between 107:l and l:107, preferably between 105:l and l:105, more preferably between 103:l and l:103, particularly preferably between 100:1 and 1:100, most preferably between 10:1 and 1:10.

[0163] In some embodiments, the bacterial ratio between Agathobacter rectalis and Anaerobutyricum hallii is comprised between 107:l and l:107, preferably between 105:l and l:105, more preferably between 103:l and l:103, particularly preferably between 100:1 and 1:100, most preferably between 10:1 and 1:10.

[0164] As used herein the term "bacterial ratio" refers to the ratio of the number of bacterial cells, amount or abundance of the bacterial strains, in particular in a culture medium. It is typically calculated by dividing the amount of i) Agathobacter rectalis, and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii.

[0165] Preferably, the abundance or amount of a bacterial strain is measured using optical density, qPCR, microarray technique, amplicon sequencing, single cell sequencing or single cell Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) following flow cytometry or other microfluidic methods, chamber counting, total bacterial DNA quantification or metagenomic sequencing and grouping of genes, proteomic profiling or total RNA sequencing of complex samples.

[0166] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises no more than 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, or 8 different bacterial strains. Particularly, the consortium according to the invention comprises 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 different bacterial strains, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 different bacterial strains, more preferably 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 different bacterial strains, and even more preferably 8 different bacterial strains. In particular, the consortium according to the invention may comprise between 5 and 15 different bacterial strains, preferably between 5 and 10 different bacterial strains, more preferably between 6 and 10 different bacterial strains, and even more preferably between 7 and 9 different bacterial strains.

[0167] Preferably, the consortium comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii) one or several additional bacterial strain(s) but no more than 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6 different bacterial strains.

[0168] In some embodiment, the consortium comprises i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii) one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate, lactate, succinate, acetate, butyrate and / or propionate, wherein the primary substrates are selected from the group consisting of sugars, starches, fibers and proteins and any combination thereof.

[0169] In some embodiments, the consortium comprises one or more bacterial strains that is able to perform one or more pathways such as described above, in particular selected from the group consisting of pathways Al, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, Bl, B2, B3, B4, B5, Cl and C2, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the consortium comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii) one or several bacterial strain(s) able to perform one or more pathways selected from the group consisting of pathway Al, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, Bl, B2, B3, B4, B5, Cl and C2, preferably Al, A2, A4, A5, A6, Bl, B5, Cl and C2, even more preferably Al, A2, A4, A6, Bl and B5.

[0170] Preferably, the invention concerns a consortium of no more than 15 different anaerobic bacterial strains of an intestinal microbiome, wherein said consortium comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii) between 1 and 13, preferably between 5 and 10, even more preferably between 7 and 9, different bacterial strains able to perform at least one pathway selected from the group consisting of pathway Al, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, Bl, B2, B3, B4, B5, Cl and C2, preferably Al, A2, A4, A5, A6, Bl, B5, Cl and C2, even more preferably Al, A2, A4, A6, Bl and B5. In a specific embodiment, for each pathway Al, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, Bl, B2, B3, B4, B5, preferably for each pathway Al, A2, A4, A6, Bl, B2, B3 and B5, one or more bacterial representatives (i.e., one or more bacterium that is representative of the specie or genus), preferably one bacterial representative, is comprised in a consortium. Also, some of the represented pathways may be accomplished by one or more than one bacterial strain. In other words, one bacterium can be able to perform a plurality of pathways and / or one pathway may be performed by one or more bacterial strains present in the consortium.

[0171] In an embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis (performing pathway B2 and A4), and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii (performing pathways B2, B3, A3) and iii):

[0172] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into formate, (pathway Al)

[0173] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into lactate into acetate (pathway A2);

[0174] - optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into butyrate (pathway A3);

[0175] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into lactate optionally while reducing oxygen (pathway A4 and optionally pathway Cl);

[0176] - optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into propionate (pathway A5);

[0177] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into lactate into succinate (pathway A6);

[0178] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert formate into acetate preferably able to convert of H2, CO2 and formate to acetate (pathway Bl, preferably pathway C2);

[0179] - optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert acetate into butyrate (pathway B2);

[0180] - optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert lactate into butyrate (pathway B3)

[0181] - optionally, one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert lactate into propionate (pathway B4); and / or one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate (pathway B5). In an embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0182] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into formate, (pathway Al)

[0183] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into lactate into acetate (pathway A2);

[0184] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into lactate optionally while reducing oxygen (pathway A4 and optionally pathway Cl);

[0185] - optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into propionate (pathway A5);

[0186] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into lactate into succinate (pathway A6);

[0187] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert formate into acetate preferably able to convert of H2, CO2 and formate to acetate (pathway Bl, preferably pathway C2);

[0188] - optionally, one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert lactate into propionate (pathway B4); and

[0189] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate (pathway B5).

[0190] Preferably, said consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert lactate into propionate (pathway B4) and / or a bacterial strain able to convert primary substrates into propionate (pathway A5).

[0191] Said consortium may further comprise one or several additional bacterial strains able to perform one or more pathway(s) selected from the group consisting of A3, A4, B2, B3 and any combination thereof.

[0192] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii) one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into lactate.

[0193] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate; one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert formate into acetate; and / or one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate. Additionally or alternatively, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0194] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate; and / or

[0195] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate.

[0196] Additionally or alternatively, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into propionate;

[0197] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate; and / or

[0198] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate.

[0199] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0200] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into formate, (pathway Al);

[0201] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into lactate into acetate (pathway A2);

[0202] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into lactate optionally while reducing oxygen (pathway A4 and optionally pathway Cl);

[0203] - optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into propionate (pathway A5);

[0204] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates such as sugars, starches, fibers and / or proteins into lactate into succinate (pathway A6);

[0205] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert formate into acetate preferably able to convert of H2, CO2 and formate to acetate (pathway Bl, preferably pathway C2); and

[0206] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate (pathway B5).

[0207] Said consortium may further comprise one or several additional bacterial strains able to perform pathways one or more pathway(s) selected from the group consisting of A3, A4, B2, B3 and any combination thereof.

[0208] Preferably, said consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert lactate into propionate (pathway B4) and / or a bacterial strain able to convert primary substrates into propionate (pathway A5). As mentioned above, bacteria can be classified by their capacities to perform metabolic pathways such as disclosed herein. In addition, below are provided examples of bacteria genera and species that are able to perform the different metabolic pathways. Then, the man skilled in the art is able to select bacteria genera or species to fulfill the conditions of the different consortiums disclosed herein.

[0209] Whenever a strain is described by taxon or by reference to a public collection of microorganisms, what is claimed is the strain deposited under the accession number (e.g., ATCC, DSMZ, etc.) or strains which are closely related to the deposited strain, i.e., have the same or very similar physiological and biochemical characteristics. It is a common assumption that data obtained with one strain of a certain taxon is representative of other strains of the same taxon. For example, bacteria with a 16S rRNA sequence similarity of at least 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8% or 99.9%, preferably 99.9%, are considered as belonging to the same taxon. Whenever a plurality of strains are described or claimed based on their affiliation with a genus / classification under a genus-level, the genus is defined as all strains having a 16S rRNA sequence similarity of at least 90%, 93%, 94% or 95%, preferably 95%, with a specifically listed representative of the said genus.

[0210] The bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (Al) may be selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas and any combination thereof; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus.

[0211] In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (Al) may be selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g. ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g. DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g. DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g. ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g. ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g. ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g. DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g. ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g. ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g. DSM 1E77 , ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g. ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminococcus bromii (e.g. ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749) and any combination thereof; preferably from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus bromii; more preferably from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii; most preferably is from the specie Ruminococcus bromii.

[0212] The bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (A2) may be selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella and any combination thereof; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Blautia and Bifidobaterium.

[0213] In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (A2) may be selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g. ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g. ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g. ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g. ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g. ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g. DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g. ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g. ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g. ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g. ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 3, 4 or 8, or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g. ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g. DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Escherichia coli (e.g. ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g. ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g. ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Hungatella effluvii (e.g. DSM 24995), Hungatella_A sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto),, Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g. DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g. ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g. DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g. ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g. JCM 30749) and Veillonella ratti (e.g. ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512) and any combination thereof; preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp. And Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; more preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; most preferably is from the specie Bifidobacterium adolescentis or Blautia hydrogenotrophica, preferably Bifidobacterium adolescentis.

[0214] The bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (A3) may be selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Bariatricus, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Coprococcus, Coprococcus_A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, Peptoniphilus and Roseburia and any combination thereof; preferably from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Coprococcus_A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena and Roseburia; more preferably from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena and Roseburia, even more preferably from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes.

[0215] In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (A3) may be selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505, CIP 108586), Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Coprococcus_A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 3, 4 or 8, and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262) and any combination thereof; preferably from the species Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Coprococcus eutactus, Coprococcus_A catus, Copromonas sp., Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Longicatena sp., Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; more preferably from the species Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis.

[0216] The bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (A4) may be selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella and any combination thereof; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably is from the genus Lactobacillus or Agathobacter.

[0217] In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (A4) may be selected from the species Agathobacter rectalis (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016) and any combination thereof; preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis (also named Eubacterium rectale), Agathobacter faecis (also named Roseburia faecis), Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (also named Lactobacillus rhamnosus), Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; more preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis (also named Eubacterium rectale), Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (also named Lactobacillus rhamnosus), Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; even more preferably from the specie Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Agathobacter rectalis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, most preferably is from the specie Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

[0218] The bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (A5) may be selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella and any combination thereof; preferably the strains are from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola.

[0219] In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (A5) may be selected from the species Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512) and any combination thereof; preferably from Bacteroides fragilis and Phocaeicola vulgatus.

[0220] The bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (A6) may be selected from the genera Acutalibacter novel genus (in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto),, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella and any combination thereof; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, even more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides and Prevotella, most preferably from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella.

[0221] In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (A6) may be selected from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Prevotella copri (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464) and any combination thereof; preferably from Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; most preferably from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Prevotella copri and Bacteroides xylanisolvens.

[0222] The bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (Bl) may be selected from the genera Blautia, Eubacterium, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter and Intestinibacter; preferably from the genus Blautia or Intestinibacter. Preferably, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (Bl) may be selected from the genera Eubacterium, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter and Intestinibacter, preferably Intestinibacter. Preferably, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (Bl) may be selected from the genera Blautia, Eubacterium, Terrisporobacter and Intestinibacter, preferably is from the genera Blautia or Terrisporobacter. In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (Bl) may be selected from the genera Blautia and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Blautia.

[0223] In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (Bl) may be selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Terrisporobacter othiniensis (e.g., DSM 29186), Blautia_A luti (e.g., DSM 14534), Blautia_A wexlerae (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Paraclostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), preferably from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Terrisporobacter othiniensis (e.g., DSM 29186), Blautia_A luti (e.g., DSM 14534), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Blautia_A wexlerae (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), and any combination thereof.

[0224] Preferably, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (Bl) may be selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Paraclostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795) and any combination thereof, preferably is from the specie Blautia hydrogenotrophica or Intestinibacter bartlettii. Alternatively, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (Bl) may be selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795) and any combination thereof, preferably is from the specie Blautia hydrogenotrophica or Intestinibacter bartlettii. In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (Bl) may be selected from the species Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Paraclostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795) and any combination thereof, preferably is from the specie Intestinibacter bartlettii. Particularly, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (Bl) may be selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978) and any combination thereof, preferably from the specie Blautia hydrogenotrophica. Alternatively, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (Bl) may be selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Terrisporobacter othiniensis (e.g., DSM 29186), Blautia_A luti (e.g., DSM 14534), Blautia_A wexlerae (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), and any combination thereof, preferably is from the specie Blautia hydrogenotrophica.

[0225] The bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (B2) may be selected from the genera Agathobacter,

[0226] Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Desulfovibrio, Dysosmobacter, Faecalibacterium, Longicatena and Roseburia and any combination thereof; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Desulfovibrio, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia.

[0227] In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (B2) may be selected from the species species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp. (in particular having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dysosmobacter sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, DSM 17677, JCM 31915), Longicatena sp., Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262) and any combination thereof; preferably Agathobacter rectalis, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Desulfovibirio piger, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; more preferably Anaerobutyricum hallii, Anaerostipes caccae and Agathobacter rectalis.

[0228] The bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (B3) may be selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes and Eubacterium and any combination thereof; preferably from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes.

[0229] In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (B3) may be selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978) and any combination thereof; preferably from Anaerobutyricum hallii and Anaerostipes caccae.

[0230] The bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (B4) may be selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium (Clostridium_E), Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella and any combination thereof; preferably from the genera Anaerotignum genus, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella.

[0231] In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (B4) may be selected from the species species Anaerotignum nov sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Coprococcus_A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Frisingococcus sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Veillonella atypica (e.g., ATCC 17744, DSM 20739), Veillonel la parvula subsp. Parvula (e.g., DSM 2008), Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512) and any combination thereof, preferably from Anaerotignum nov sp., Coprococcus_A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica and Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula.

[0232] The bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (B5) may be selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella and any combination thereof; preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor and Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0233] In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (B5) may be selected from the species Dialister homims (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533J, Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula (e.g., DSM 2008) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512) and any combination thereof, preferably from Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens; more preferably from the specie Phascolarctobacterium faecium.

[0234] The bacterial strain(s)s being able to perform pathway (Cl) may be selected from the genera Enterococcus, Escherichia, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Streptococcus and any combination thereof; preferably from the genera Enterococcus, Escherichia and Lacticaseibacillus.

[0235] In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (Cl) may be selected from the species Enterococcus caccae (e.g., ATCC BAA-1240, DSM 19114), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Escherichia coli (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Lactococcus lactis (e.g., ATCC 19435, DSM 20481) and Streptococcus salivarius (e.g., ATCC 7073, DSM 20560, JCM 5707) and any combination thereof; preferably from Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus.

[0236] The bacterial strain(s)s being able to perform pathway (C2) may be selected from the genera Acetobacterium, Anaerobutyricum, Blautia, Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus, Clostridium, Eubacterium Methanobrevibacter, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter, Intestinibacter and any combination thereof; preferably selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Blautia and Eubacterium. The bacterial strain(s)s being able to perform pathway (C2) may also be selected from the genera Acetobacterium, Anaerobutyricum, Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus, Clostridium, Eubacterium Methanobrevibacter, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter, Intestinibacter and any combination thereof; preferably selected from the genera Intestinibacter and Eubacterium. The bacterial strain(s)s being able to perform pathway (C2) may particularly be selected from the genera Acetobacterium, Anaerobutyricum, Blautia, Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus, Clostridium, Eubacterium and Methanobrevibacter and any combination thereof; preferably selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Blautia and Eubacterium.

[0237] In particular, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (C2) may be selected from the species Acetobacterium carbinolicum (e.g., ATCC BAA-990, DSM 2925), Acetobacterium malicum (e.g., DSM 4132), Acetobacterium wieringae (e.g., ATCC 43740, DSM 1911, JCM 2380), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Blautia producta (e.g., ATCC 27340, DSM 2950, JCM 1471), Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus intestinalis, Clostridium aceticum (e.g., ATCC 35044, DSM 1496, JCM 15732), Clostridium glycolicum (or Terrisporobacter glycolicus, e.g., ATCC 14880, DSM 1288, JCM 1401), Clostridium magnum (e.g., ATCC 49199, DSM 2767), Clostridium mayombe (or Terrisporobacter mayombei, e.g., ATCC 51428, DSM 2767, DSM 6539), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM) and Methanobrevibacter smithii (e.g., ATCC 35061, DSM 861, JCM 328), Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Paraclostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386) and any combination thereof; preferably selected from the specieslntestinibacter bartlettii, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia producta, Eubacterium limosum and Eubacterium ramulus. For instance, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (C2) may be selected from the species Acetobacterium carbinolicum (e.g., ATCC BAA-990, DSM 2925), Acetobacterium malicum (e.g., DSM 4132), Acetobacterium wieringae (e.g., ATCC 43740, DSM 1911, JCM 2380), Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus intestinalis, Clostridium aceticum (e.g., ATCC 35044, DSM 1496, JCM 15732), Clostridium glycolicum (or Terrisporobacter glycolicus, e.g., ATCC 14880, DSM 1288, JCM 1401), Clostridium magnum (e.g., ATCC 49199, DSM 2767), Clostridium mayombe (or Terrisporobacter mayombei, e.g., ATCC 51428, DSM 2767, DSM 6539), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM), Methanobrevibacter smithii (e.g., ATCC 35061, DSM 861, JCM 328), Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Paraclostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386) and any combination thereof; preferably selected from the specieslntestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium limosum and Eubacterium ramulus. Preferably, the bacterial strain(s) being able to perform pathway (C2) may be selected from the species Acetobacterium carbinolicum (e.g., ATCC BAA-990, DSM 2925), Acetobacterium malicum (e.g., DSM 4132), Acetobacterium wieringae (e.g., ATCC 43740, DSM 1911, JCM 2380), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Blautia producta (e.g., ATCC 27340, DSM 2950, JCM 1471), Candidatus Methanomassiliicoccus intestinalis, Clostridium aceticum (e.g., ATCC 35044, DSM 1496, JCM 15732), Clostridium glycolicum ((e.g., ATCC 14880, DSM 1288, JCM 1401), Clostridium magnum (e.g., ATCC 49199, DSM 2767), Clostridium mayombe (e.g., ATCC 51428, DSM 2767), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM) and Methanobrevibacter smithii (e.g., ATCC 35061, DSM 861, JCM 328) and any combination thereof; preferably selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia producta, Eubacterium limosum and Eubacterium ram ulus.

[0238] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0239] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus;

[0240] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Bariatricus, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Coprococcus, Coprococcus_A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, Peptoniphilus and Roseburia; preferably from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Coprococcus_A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena and Roseburia; more preferably from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena and Roseburia.

[0241] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus;

[0242] - optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; preferably the strains are from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acutalibacter novel genus (in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto),, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, even more preferably from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Paraclostridium, Blautia and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Blautia or Intestinibacter ;

[0243] - Optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Desulfovibrio, Dysosmobacter, Faecalibacterium, Longicatena and Roseburia; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Desulfovibrio, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia;

[0244] - Optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes and Eubacterium; preferably from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes;

[0245] - Optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Anaerotignum genus, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; and / or

[0246] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella, preferably from Dialister, Flavonifractor and Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium . In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0247] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus;

[0248] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Bariatricus, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Coprococcus, Coprococcus_A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, Peptoniphilus and Roseburia; preferably from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Coprococcus_A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena and Roseburia; more preferably from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena and Roseburia.

[0249] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus;

[0250] - optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; preferably the strains are from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acutalibacter novel genus (in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto),, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, even more preferably from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Paraclostridium, and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Intestinibacter;

[0251] - Optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Desulfovibrio, Dysosmobacter, Faecalibacterium, Longicatena and Roseburia; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Desulfovibrio, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia;

[0252] - Optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes and Eubacterium; preferably from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes;

[0253] - Optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Anaerotignum genus, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; and / or

[0254] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella, preferably from Dialister, Flavonifractor and Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium .

[0255] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0256] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus; - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Bariatricus, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Coprococcus, Coprococcus_A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, Peptoniphilus and Roseburia; preferably from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Coprococcus_A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena and Roseburia; more preferably from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena and Roseburia.

[0257] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus;

[0258] - optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; preferably the strains are from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acutalibacter novel genus (in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto),, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, even more preferably from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Blautia and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Blautia;

[0259] - Optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Desulfovibrio, Dysosmobacter, Faecalibacterium, Longicatena and Roseburia; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Desulfovibrio, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia;

[0260] - Optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes and Eubacterium; preferably from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes;

[0261] - Optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Anaerotignum genus, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus and Veillonella; and / or

[0262] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella, preferably from Dialister, Flavonifractor and Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium .

[0263] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0264] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus;

[0265] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium;

[0266] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Paraclostridium bifermentans, Blautia and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Blautia or Instinibacter.

[0267] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0268] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus;

[0269] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium;

[0270] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Blautia and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Blautia or Terrisporobacter.

[0271] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0272] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus;

[0273] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium;

[0274] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Paraclostridium bifermentans and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Intestinibacter. In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0275] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus;

[0276] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium;

[0277] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Terrisporobacter.

[0278] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0279] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus; - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium;

[0280] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Blautia and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Blautia.

[0281] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0282] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus;

[0283] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium;

[0284] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Blautia and Terrisporobacter; preferably from the genus Blautia.

[0285] In some embodiments, such consortium further comprises iv): one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert acetate into butyrate selected from the genera Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Desulfovibrio, Dysosmobacter, Faecalibacterium, Longicatena and Roseburia; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Desulfovibrio, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia; one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert lactate into butyrate selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes and Eubacterium; preferably from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes; and / or

[0286] - one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into butyrate selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Bariatricus, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Coprococcus, Coprococcus_A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, Peptoniphilus and Roseburia; preferably from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Coprococcus_A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena and Roseburia; more preferably from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena and Roseburia.

[0287] In particular, such consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain of the genus Clostridium.

[0288] Preferably, such consortium does not comprise: one or more bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum nov sp., Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus_A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula and Veillonella ratti; preferably selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium_E, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus, and Veillonella; even more preferably wherein the consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert lactate into propionate; and / or one or more bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019) and Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826); preferably selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; even more preferably wherein the consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert primary substrates into propionate.

[0289] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0290] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus;

[0291] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium; - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus;

[0292] - optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; preferably the strains are from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola;

[0293] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acutalibacter novel genus (in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto),, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, even more preferably from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella;

[0294] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Paraclostridium bifermentans, Blautia and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Blautia or Intestinibacter; and one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella, preferably from Dialister, Flavonifractor and Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0295] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0296] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus;

[0297] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium;

[0298] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus;

[0299] - optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; preferably the strains are from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola;

[0300] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acutalibacter novel genus (in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto),, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, even more preferably from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella; - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Blautia and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Blautia or Terrisporobacter; and one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella, preferably from Dialister, Flavonifractor and Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0301] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0302] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus;

[0303] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium;

[0304] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus; - optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; preferably the strains are from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola;

[0305] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acutalibacter novel genus (in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto),, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, even more preferably from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella;

[0306] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Intestinibacter, Terrisporobacter, Paraclostridium bifermentans, and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Intestinibacter; and one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella, preferably from Dialister, Flavonifractor and Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.

[0307] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii):

[0308] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; preferably from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; more preferably from the genera Dorea, Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus, even more preferably from the genus Ruminococcus;

[0309] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; more preferably from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium and Rhiziobiaceae genus, even more preferably from the genus Bifidobacterium;

[0310] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; more preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Sutterella, even more preferably from the genus Lactobacillus.

[0311] - optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; preferably the strains are from the genus Bacteroides or Phocaeicola;

[0312] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Acutalibacter novel genus (in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto),, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; more preferably from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella, even more preferably from the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella;

[0313] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Blautia and Eubacterium; preferably from the genus Blautia; and

[0314] - one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium and Veillonella; preferably from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella, preferably from Dialister, Flavonifractor and Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A, more preferably from the genus Phascolarctobacterium .

[0315] In some embodiments, such consortium further comprises iv): one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert acetate into butyrate selected from the genera Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Desulfovibrio, Dysosmobacter, Faecalibacterium, Longicatena and Roseburia; preferably from the genera Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Desulfovibrio, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia; one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert lactate into butyrate selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes and Eubacterium; preferably from the genera Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes; and / or

[0316] - one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into butyrate selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Agathobacter, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Anaerotignum, Bariatricus, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Coprococcus, Coprococcus_A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena, Peptoniphilus and Roseburia; preferably from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Coprococcus_A, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena and Roseburia; more preferably from the genera Acidaminococcus, Anaerobutyricum, Anaerostipes, Copromonas, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavonifractor, Longicatena and Roseburia.

[0317] Such consortium preferably does not comprise a bacterial strain of the genus Clostridium.

[0318] Preferably, such consortium does not comprise: one or more bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum nov sp., Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus_A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula and Veillonella ratti; preferably selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium_E, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus, and Veillonella; even more preferably wherein the consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert lactate into propionate; and / or one or more bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019) and Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826); preferably selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; even more preferably wherein the consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert primary substrates into propionate.

[0319] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM Y1 11 , ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749); preferably from the species, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus bromii; more preferably from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 3, 4 or 8, and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Escherichia coli (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Hungatella effluvii (e.g., DSM 24995), Hungatella_A sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto),, Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp. And Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; more preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505, CIP 108586), Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Coprococcus_A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 3, 4 or any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262); preferably from the species Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Coprococcus eutactus, Coprococcus_A catus, Copromonas sp., Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Longicatena sp., Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; more preferably from the species Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; more preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acutalibacter nov genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Prevotella copri (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464); preferably from Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from the species Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Clostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably Blautia hydrogenotrophica or Intestinibacter bartlettii; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp. , Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dysosmobacter sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, DSM 17677, JCM 31915), Longicatena sp., Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262); preferably Agathobacter rectalis, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Desulfovibirio piger, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978); preferably from Anaerobutyricum hallii and Anaerostipes caccae; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum nov sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Coprococcus_A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Frisingococcus sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Veillonella atypica (e.g., ATCC 17744, DSM 20739), Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula (e.g., DSM 2008), Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably from Anaerotignum nov sp., Coprococcus_A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica and Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula; and / or one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula (e.g., DSM 2008) and Veil lonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably from Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens.

[0320] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM Y1 11 , ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749); preferably from the species, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus bromii; more preferably from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 8, and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Escherichia coli (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Hungatella effluvii (e.g., DSM 24995), Hungatella_A sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto),, Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp. And Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; more preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini(e.g., DSM 21505, CIP 108586), Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Coprococcus_A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 8, and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262); preferably from the species Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Coprococcus eutactus, Coprococcus_A catus, Copromonas sp., Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Longicatena sp., Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; more preferably from the species Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 8728), Lacticasei bacill us rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; more preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acutalibacter nov genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Prevotella copri (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464); preferably from Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from the species Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Clostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably Blautia hydrogenotrophica or Intestinibacter bartlettii; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp. , Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dysosmobacter sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, DSM 17677, JCM 31915), Longicatena sp., Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262); preferably Agathobacter rectalis, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Desulfovibirio piger, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978); preferably from Anaerobutyricum hallii and Anaerostipes caccae; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum nov sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Coprococcus_A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Frisingococcus sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Veillonella atypica (e.g., ATCC 17744, DSM 20739), Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula (e.g., DSM 2008), Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably from Anaerotignum nov sp., Coprococcus_A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica and Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula; and / or one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula (e.g., DSM 2008) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably from Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens.

[0321] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 1 11 , ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749); preferably from the species, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus bromii; more preferably from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 8, and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Escherichia coli (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Hungatella effluvii (e.g., DSM 24995), Hungatella_A sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto),, Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp. And Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; more preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505, CIP 108586), Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Coprococcus_A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 8, and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 17677, ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262); preferably from the species Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Coprococcus eutactus, Coprococcus_A catus, Copromonas sp., Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Longicatena sp., Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; more preferably from the species Acidaminococcus intestini, Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii, Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; more preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticasei baci Hus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acutalibacter nov genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Prevotella copri (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464); preferably from Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from the species Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably Blautia hydrogenotrophica; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum sp. , Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dysosmobacter sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, DSM 17677, JCM 31915), Longicatena sp., Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, JCM 31262); preferably Agathobacter rectalis, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes hadrus, Desulfovibirio piger, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia hominis and Roseburia intestinalis; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Anaerostipes caccae (e.g., DSM 14662, JCM 13470), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978); preferably from Anaerobutyricum hallii and Anaerostipes caccae; optionally one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum nov sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Coprococcus_A catus (e.g., ATCC 27761), Frisingococcus sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Veillonella atypica (e.g., ATCC 17744, DSM 20739), Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula (e.g., DSM 2008), Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably from Anaerotignum nov sp., Coprococcus_A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica and Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula; and / or one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula (e.g., DSM 2008) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably from Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens.

[0322] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 1 11 , ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749); preferably from the species, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus bromii; more preferably from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 3, 4 or 8, and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Escherichia coli (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Hungatella effluvii (e.g., DSM 24995), Hungatella_A sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto),, Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp. And Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; more preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; more preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; and one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Clostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably Intestinibacter bartlettii or Blautia hydrogenotrophica.

[0323] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 1 11 , ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749); preferably from the species, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus bromii; more preferably from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 8, and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Escherichia coli (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Hungatella effluvii (e.g., DSM 24995), Hungatella_A sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto),, Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp. And Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; more preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 8728), Lacticasei bacill us rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; more preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticasei baci Hus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; and one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Clostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably Intestinibacter bartlettii.

[0324] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 1 11 , ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749); preferably from the species, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus bromii; more preferably from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 8, and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Escherichia coli (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Hungatella effluvii (e.g., DSM 24995), Hungatella_A sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto),, Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp. And Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; more preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 8728), Lacticasei bacill us rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; more preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; and one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably Blautia hydrogenotrophica.

[0325] In some embodiments, such consortium further comprises iv): one or several bacterial strain(s) be selected from the species Agathobacter / Rosebura feacis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, DSM 17677, JCM 31915), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, CIP 107878, JCM 31262); one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the Eubacterium callanderi, DSM 755, JCM 1380), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421) and Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355); one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestine, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Flintibacter butyricum (e.g., DSM 27579), Longicatena nov. sp., Roseburia intestinalis.

[0326] In particular, such consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain of the genus Clostridium.

[0327] Preferably, such consortium does not comprise: one or more bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum nov sp., Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus_A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula and Veillonella ratti; preferably selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium_E, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus, and Veillonella; even more preferably wherein the consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert lactate into propionate; and / or one or more bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019) and Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826); preferably selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; even more preferably wherein the consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert primary substrates into propionate.

[0328] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM 1 11 , ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749); preferably from the species, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus bromii; more preferably from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 3, 4 or 8, and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Escherichia coli (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Hungatella effluvii (e.g., DSM 24995), Hungatella_A sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto),, Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp. And Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; more preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 8728), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; more preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acutalibacter nov genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Prevotella copri (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464); preferably from Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from the species Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Clostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably Intestinibacter bartlettii or Blautia hydrogenotrophica; and one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula (e.g., DSM 2008) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably from Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens.

[0329] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM Y1EH1 , ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749); preferably from the species, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus bromii; more preferably from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 8, and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Escherichia coli (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Hungatella effluvii (e.g., DSM 24995), Hungatella_A sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto),, Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp. And Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; more preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 8728), Lacticasei bacill us rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; more preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acutalibacter nov genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Prevotella copri (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464); preferably from Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from the species Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Intestinibacter bartlettii (e.g., DSM 16795), Terrisporobacter glycolicus (e.g., DSM 1288, ATCC 14880), Terrisporobacter mayombei (e.g., DSM 6539), Clostridium bifermentans (e.g., DSM 14991, JCM 1386Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably Intestinibacter bartlettii; and one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula (e.g., DSM 2008) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably from Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens.

[0330] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii): one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerobutyricum / Eubacterium hallii (e.g., ATCC 27751, DSM 3353, JCM 31263), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Coprococcus eutactus (e.g., ATCC 27759), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum (e.g., ATCC 25582, DSM 1402, JCM 1298), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., DSM Y1FH1 , ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, JCM 31915), Lachnospira (Eubacterium) eligens (e.g., ATCC 27750, DSM 3376), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminococcus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255) and Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749); preferably from the species, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus bromii; more preferably from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini (e.g., DSM 21505), Acutalibacter nov. genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Bifidobacterium catenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27539, DSM 16992, JCM 1194), Bifidobacterium longum (e.g., ATCC 15707, DSM 20219, JCM 1217), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (e.g., ATCC 27919, DSM 20438, JCM 1200), Bifidobacterium ruminantium (e.g., ATCC 49390, DSM 6489), Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Clostridium perfringens (e.g., ATCC 13124, DSM 756), Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides (e.g., ATCC 25781, DSM 1294), Clostridium_Q symbiosum (e.g., ATCC 14940, DSM 934, JCM 1297), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Copromonas sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, 4, 8, and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Desulfovibrio piger (e.g., ATCC 29098, DSM 749), Dorea formicigenerans (e.g., ATCC 27755, DSM 3992, JCM 31256), Dorea longicatena (e.g., DSM 13814, JCM 11232), Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Escherichia coli (e.g., ATCC 11775, DSM 30083, JCM 1649), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), Hungatella effluvii (e.g., DSM 24995), Hungatella_A sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto),, Peptoniphilus vaginalis (e.g., DSM 101742), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (e.g., ATCC 27337, DSM 2949), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Ruminoccocus bromii (e.g., ATCC 27255), Sellimonas intestinalis (e.g., JCM 30749) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp. And Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; more preferably from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale (e.g., DSM 17629), Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis (e.g., DSM 16840), Bacteroides clarus (e.g., DSM 22519, JCM 16067), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides uniformis (e.g., DSM 6597, ATCC 8492, JCM5828), Bariatricus comes (e.g., ATCC 27758), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (e.g., ATCC 15703, DSM 20083, JCM 1251), Collinsella aerofaciens (e.g., ATCC 25986, DSM 3979, JCM 10188), Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., ATCC 29212, DSM 2570), Enterococcus faecium (e.g., ATCC 19434, DSM 10477, JCM 8727), Enterococcus gallinarum (e.g., ATCC 49573, JCM 8728), Lacticasei bacill us rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus (e.g., ATCC 7469, DSM 20021, JCM1136), Longicatena sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (e.g., DSM 17678, JCM 15636), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839), Streptococcus anginosus (e.g., ATCC 33397, DSM 20563, JCM 12993), Sutterella wadsworthensis (e.g., ATCC 51579, DSM 14016); preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; more preferably from the species Agathobacter rectalis / Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acutalibacter nov genus (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (e.g., ATCC 29148, DSM 2079, JCM 5827), Bacteroides xylanisolvens (e.g., DSM 18836, JCM 15633), Oliverpabstia sp. (in particular having a 16SRNA sequence such as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis (e.g., DSM 24798, JCM 16478), Parabacteroides distasonis (e.g., ATCC 8503, DSM 20701), Phocaeicola dorei (e.g., DSM 17855, JCM 13471), Phocaeicola plebeius (e.g., DSM 17135, JCM 12973), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Prevotella copri (e.g., DSM 18205, JCM 13464); preferably from Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; more preferably from the species Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica (e.g., DSM 10507, JCM 14656), Eubacterium callanderi (e.g., ATCC 49165, DSM 3662, JCM 10284) and Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421, JCM 9978), preferably Blautia hydrogenotrophica; and one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Dialister hominis (e.g., DSM 109768), Dialister invisus (e.g., DSM 15470, JCM 17566), Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Phascolarctobacterium faecium (e.g., DSM 14760), Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens (e.g., DSM 22533), Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula (e.g., DSM 2008) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512), preferably from Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens. In some embodiments, such consortium further comprises iv): one or several bacterial strain(s) be selected from the species Agathobacter / Rosebura feacis (e.g., DSM 16840), Anaerostipes hadrus (e.g., ATCC 29173, DSM 3319), Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (e.g., ATCC 27768, ATCC 27766, DSM 17677, JCM 31915), Roseburia hominis (e.g., DSM 16839) and Roseburia intestinalis (e.g., DSM 14610, CIP 107878, JCM 31262); one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the Eubacterium callanderi, (e.g., DSM 755, JCM 1380), Eubacterium limosum (e.g., ATCC 8486, DSM 20543, JCM 6421) and Eubacterium ramulus (e.g., ATCC 29099, DSM 15684, JCM 31355); one or several bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestine, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Flavonifractor plautii (e.g., ATCC 29863, DSM 4000), Flintibacter butyricum (e.g., DSM 27579), Longicatena nov. sp., Roseburia intestinalis.

[0331] In particular, such consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain of the genus Clostridium.

[0332] Preferably, such consortium does not comprise: one or more bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum nov sp., Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus_A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula and Veillonella ratti; preferably selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium_E, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus, and Veillonella; even more preferably wherein the consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert lactate into propionate; and / or one or more bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019) and Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826); preferably selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; even more preferably wherein the consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert primary substrates into propionate.

[0333] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii) a bacterium of the genera Ruminococcus; a bacterium of the genera Bifidobacterium; a bacterium of the genera Lactobacillus; a bacterium of the genera Blautia; a bacterium of the genera Phascolarctobacterium and a bacterium of the genera Bacteroides or Prevotella. In particular, such consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain of the genus Clostridium.

[0334] Preferably, such consortium does not comprise: one or more bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum nov sp., Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus_A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula and Veillonella ratti; preferably selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium_E, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus, and Veillonella; even more preferably wherein the consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert lactate into propionate; and / or one or more bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum lactatifermentans (e.g., DSM 14214), Anaerotignum sp000436415, Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019), Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826) and Veillonella ratti (e.g., ATCC 17746, DSM 20736, JCM 6512); preferably from Bacteroides fragilis (e.g., ATCC 25285, DSM 2151, JCM 11019) and Phocaeicola vulgatus (e.g., ATCC 8482, DSM 1447, JCM 5826); preferably selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Bacteroides, Phocaeicola and Veillonella; even more preferably wherein the consortium does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert primary substrates into propionate.

[0335] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) a bacterium of the genus Ruminococcus; a bacterium of the genus Bifidobacterium; a bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus; a bacterium of the genus Phascolarctobacterium and a bacterium of the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella, and iv) a bacterium of the genus Blautia, Eubacterium, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter or Intestinibacter.

[0336] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) a bacterium of the genus Ruminococcus; a bacterium of the genus Bifidobacterium; a bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus; a bacterium of the genus Phascolarctobacterium and a bacterium of the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella, and iv) a bacterium of the genus Eubacterium, Paraclostridium, Terrisporobacter or Intestinibacter.

[0337] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) a bacterium of the genus Ruminococcus; a bacterium of the genus Bifidobacterium; a bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus; a bacterium of the genus Phascolarctobacterium and a bacterium of the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella, and iv) a bacterium of the genus Eubacterium.

[0338] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) a bacterium of the genus Ruminococcus; a bacterium of the genus Bifidobacterium; a bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus; a bacterium of the genus Phascolarctobacterium and a bacterium of the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella, and iv) a bacterium of the genus Paraclostridium.

[0339] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) a bacterium of the genus Ruminococcus; a bacterium of the genus Bifidobacterium; a bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus; a bacterium of the genus Phascolarctobacterium and a bacterium of the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella, and iv) a bacterium of the genus Terrisporobacter.

[0340] In a particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) a bacterium of the genus Ruminococcus; a bacterium of the genus Bifidobacterium; a bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus; a bacterium of the genus Phascolarctobacterium and a bacterium of the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella, and iv) a bacterium of the genus Intestinibacter.

[0341] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and iv)

[0342] -one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert formate into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0343] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate such as described here above; and / or

[0344] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0345] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0346] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0347] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia hydrogenotrophica and iv)

[0348] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate such as described here above; and / or

[0349] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0350] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0351] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia hydrogenotrophica and Ruminococcus bromii and :

[0352] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0353] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0354] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0355] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia hydrogenotrophica and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv)

[0356] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0357] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0358] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Ruminococcus bromii and iv)

[0359] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into lactate such as described here above; and / or

[0360] -one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert formate into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0361] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0362] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0363] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0364] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Blautia hydrogenotrophica and iv) - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into lactate such as described here above; and / or

[0365] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0366] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0367] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate such as described here above; and / or

[0368] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0369] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Ruminococcus bromii and Blautia hydrogenotrophica and iv)

[0370] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into lactate such as described here above; and / or

[0371] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0372] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0373] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0374] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Ruminococcus bromii, Blautia hydrogenotrophica and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv)

[0375] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into lactate such as described here above; and / or

[0376] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0377] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0378] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv)

[0379] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate such as described here above; and / or - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into lactate such as described here above; and / or

[0380] -one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert formate into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0381] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0382] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0383] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Paraclostridium bifermentans and iv)

[0384] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate such as described here above; and / or

[0385] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0386] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0387] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0388] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter othiniensis and iv)

[0389] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate such as described here above; and / or

[0390] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0391] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0392] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0393] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia_A wexlerae fin particular having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto), and iv) - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate such as described here above; and / or

[0394] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0395] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0396] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0397] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter glycolicus and iv)

[0398] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate such as described here above; and / or

[0399] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0400] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0401] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0402] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter mayombei and iv)

[0403] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate such as described here above; and / or

[0404] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0405] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0406] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above. In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Intestinibacter bartlettii and iv)

[0407] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate such as described here above; and / or

[0408] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0409] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0410] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0411] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia hydrogenotrophica and Ruminococcus bromii and :

[0412] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0413] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0414] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0415] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Paraclostridium bifermentans and Ruminococcus bromii and :

[0416] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0417] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0418] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0419] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter othiniensis and Ruminococcus bromii and : - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0420] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0421] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0422] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia_A wexlerae and Ruminococcus bromii and :

[0423] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0424] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0425] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0426] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter glycolicus and Ruminococcus bromii and :

[0427] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0428] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0429] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0430] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter mayombei and Ruminococcus bromii and :

[0431] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0432] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0433] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above. In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Intestinibacter bartlettii and Ruminococcus bromii and :

[0434] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0435] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0436] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0437] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Paraclostridium bifermentans and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv)

[0438] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0439] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0440] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter othiniensis and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv)

[0441] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0442] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0443] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Blautia_A wexlerae and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv)

[0444] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0445] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0446] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus Terrisporobacter glycolicus and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv) - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0447] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0448] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Terrisporobacter mayombei and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv)

[0449] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0450] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0451] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Eubacterium limosum and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv)

[0452] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0453] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0454] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Intestinibacter bartlettii and Ruminococcus bromii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis and iv)

[0455] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0456] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0457] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Bacteroides xylanisolvens or Prevotella copri or a bacterium of the Acutalibacter genus, preferably having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto and iv):

[0458] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into lactate such as described here above; and / or - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate such as described here above; and / or

[0459] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert formate into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0460] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0461] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate such as described here above.

[0462] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae o and / or r Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Phascolarctobacterium faecium and iv)

[0463] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into lactate such as described here above; and / or

[0464] -one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert formate into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0465] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0466] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate such as described here above; and / or

[0467] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate such as described here above.

[0468] In some embodiments, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii, iii) Phascolarctobacterium faecium, iv) Bacteroides xylanisolvens or Prevotella copri or a bacterium of the Acutalibacter genus, preferably having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto and v):

[0469] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into lactate such as described here above; and / or

[0470] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate such as described here above; and / or

[0471] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert formate into acetate such as described here above; and / or

[0472] - one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate such as described here above.

[0473] In a very particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii) Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Prevotella copri, a bacterium of the Acutalibacter genus, preferably having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto.

[0474] In a very particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii) Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and a bacterium of the Acutalibacter genus, preferably having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9.

[0475] In a very particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii) Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Prevotella copri, a bacterium of the Acutalibacter genus, preferably having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto.

[0476] In a very particular embodiment, the consortium according to the invention comprises or consists of i) Agathobacter rectalis, ii) Anaerostipes caccae or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii) Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and a bacterium of the Acutalibacter genus, preferably having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9.

[0477] Preferably, the bacteria consortium of the invention comprises or essentially consists of:

[0478] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; or

[0479] Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis;

[0480] Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Prevotella copri; or Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and a bacterium having a DNA genome sequence having at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, even more preferably at lea...

Claims

CLAIMS1- A composition comprising a bacteria consortium of anaerobic bacterial strains, wherein said consortium comprises i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and comprises no more than 15 different bacterial strains, for use in the treatment of an intestinal dysbiosis or of a disease or disorder caused by or related to an intestinal dysbiosis.2- The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein the intestinal dysbiosis is selected from the group consisting of an intestinal dysbiosis following antibiotics treatment, an intestinal dysbiosis following infection by vancomycin resistant enterococci, an intestinal dysbiosis following infection by carbapenem resistant enterococci, and an intestinal dysbiosis following post-infectious diarrhea.3- The composition for use according to claim 1, wherein the disease or disorder caused by or related to an intestinal dysbiosis is selected from the group consisting of inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; rheumatoid arthritis; multiple sclerosis; graft versus host disease; solid and liquid cancer, in particular gastrointestinal cancer, colorectal cancer and acute myeloid leukemia.4- The composition for use according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the consortium comprises i) Agathobacter rectalis and ii) Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii and iii) one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate, lactate, succinate, acetate, butyrate and / or propionate, wherein the primary substrates are selected from the group consisting of sugars, starches, fibers and proteins and any combination thereof.5- The composition for use according to claim 4, wherein the consortium comprises one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into lactate.6- The composition for use according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the consortium comprises: one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate; one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert formate into acetate; and / or one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into acetate.7- The composition for use according to any one of claims 4-6, wherein the consortium comprises: one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into succinate; and / orone or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert succinate into propionate.8- The composition for use according to any one of claims 4-7 , wherein:- the strain able to convert primary substrates into formate is able to transform at least 20% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into formate when grown at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;- the strain able to convert primary substrates into acetate is able to transform at least 30% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into acetate when grown at least for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;- the strain able to convert primary substrates into butyrate is able to transform at least 30% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into butyrate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;- the strain able to convert primary substrates into lactate is able to transform at least 30% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into lactate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;- the strain able to convert primary substrates into lactate is able to transform at least 30% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites into propionate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;- the strain able to convert primary substrates into lactate is able to transform at least 30% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into propionate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;- the strain able to convert primary substrates into lactate is able to transform at least 30% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into succinate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium;- the strain able to convert formate into acetate is able to degrade at least 20% of formate and transform at least 20% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into acetate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with formate;- the strain able to convert acetate into butyrate is able to degrade at least 20% of acetate and transform at least 20% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into butyrate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with acetate;- the strain able to convert lactate into butyrate is able to degrade at least 20% of lactate and transform at least 20% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into butyrate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with lactate;- the strain able to convert lactate into propionate is able to degrade at least 20% of lactate and transform at least 20% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into propionate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with lactate; and / or- the strain able to convert succinate into propionate is able to degrade at least 20% of formate and transform at least 20% of the total carbon transformed into the combined metabolites formate, lactate, succinate; acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol into propionate when grown for at least 48 hours in single culture on standard medium comprising or supplemented with succinate.9- The composition for use according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the composition does not comprise one or more bacterial strain(s) selected from the species Anaerotignum nov. sp., Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Coprococcus_A catus, Frisingococcus sp., Veillonella atypica, Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula and Veillonella ratti; preferably selected from the genera Anaerotignum, Clostridium_E, Coprococcus_A, Frisingococcus, and Veillonella; even more preferably wherein the composition does not comprise a bacterial strain able to convert lactate into propionate.10- The composition for use according to any one of claims 3-9, wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is / are selected from the genera Anaerobutyricum, Bacteroides, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Longicatena, Ruminococcus, and Sellimonas; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the genera Acidaminococcus, Acutalibacter, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium, Clostridium_E, Clostridium_Q, Collinsella, Copromonas, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Enterocloster, Escherichia, Eubacterium, Hungatella, Hungatella_A, Oliverbapstia, Peptoniphilus, Peptostreptococcus, Phocaeicola, Rhiziobiaceae genus, Ruminococcus, Sellimonas and Veillonella; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is / are selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus,Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Longicatena, Merdisoma, Peptostreptococcus, Roseburia, Streptococcus and Sutterella; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the genera Acutalibacter novel genus, Bacteroides, Oliverbapstia, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the genera Blautia, Eubacterium; Terrisporobacter and Intestinibacter; and / or wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is / are selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium Phascolarctobacterium_A and Veillonella.11- The composition for use according to any one of claims 3-9, wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is / are selected from the genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira and Ruminococcus; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the genera Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Clostridium_Q, Clostridium_E, Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Eubacterium, Oliverpabstia and Rhiziobiaceae genus; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is / are selected from the genera Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Bariatricus, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus / Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Sutterella; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the genera Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Phocaeicola and Prevotella; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the genera Blautia, Eubacterium, Terrisporobacter and Intestinibacter; and / or wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is / are selected from the genera Dialister, Flavonifractor, Phascolarctobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_A.12- The composition for use according to any one of claims 3-9, wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is from the genus Ruminococcus;wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is from the genus Bifidobacterium; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is from the genus Lactobacillus; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is from the genus Bacteroides or Prevotella; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is from the genus Blautia or Terrisporobacter, preferably from the genus Blautia and / or wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is from the genus Phascolarctobacterium.13- The composition for use according to any one of claims 3-9, wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is / are selected from the species Bacteroides clarus, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Collinsella aerofaciens, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Eubacterium ramulus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens , Longicatena sp., Ruminococcus bromii and Sellimonas intestinalis; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the species Acidaminococcus intestini, Acutalibacter nov. genus having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and any variant thereof having at least 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity thereto, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Collinsella aerofaciens, Copromonas sp, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp. 900066555, Enterocloster sp., Escherichia coli, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Hungatella effluvii, Hungatella_A sp., Oliverpabstia sp., Peptoniphilus vaginalis, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Phocaeicola plebeius, Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, Ruminoccocus bromii, Sellimonas intestinalis and Veillonella ratti; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is / are selected from the species Agathobacter / Roseburia faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Lactobacillusrhamnosus, Longicatena sp., Merdisoma Aerosacheriphilus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Roseburia hominis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto), Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Oliverpabstia sp., Bacteroides faecis, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri;; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae in particular having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum; and / or wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is / are selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens, Veillonella parvula subsp. Parvula and Veillonella ratti.14- The composition for use according to any one of claims 3-9, wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is / are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Coprococcus eutactus, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospira eligens and Ruminococcus bromii; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Clostridium_Q symbiosum, Clostridium_E sporosphaeroides, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Dorea scindens, Dorea sp., Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum, Oliverpabstia sp. And Rhizobiaceae nov. genus; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is / are selected from the species Agathobacter faecis, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum,Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the species Acutalibacter nov genus, Bacteroidesfaecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Parabacteroides distasonis, Phocaeicola dorei, Phocaeicola plebeius, Phocaeicola vulgatus and Prevotella copri; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae in particular having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum; and / or wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is / are selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens.15- The composition for use according to any one of claims 3-9, wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is / are selected from the species Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium ruminantium, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Desulfovibrio piger, Dorea longicatena, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium limosum and Rhizobiaceae nov. genus, wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is / are selected from the species Bacteroides uniformis, Bariatricus comes, Collinsella aerofaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus anginosus and Sutterella wadsworthensis; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus, in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto, Prevotella copri and Bacteroides xylanisolvens;wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae in particular having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus and Terrisporobacter mayombei; and / or wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is / are selected from the species Dialister hominis, Dialister invisus, Flavonifractor plautii, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Phascolarctobacterium_A succinatutens.16- The composition for use according to any one of claims 3-9, wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is from the specie Ruminococcus bromii; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate is / are selected from the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and Bifidobacterium ruminantium wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate is from the species Lactobacillus rhamnosus; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus, Bacteroidesfaecis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, and Prevotella copri; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is / are selected from the species Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, and / or wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is from the species Phascolarctobacterium faecium.17- The composition for use according to any one of claims 3-9, wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) able to convert primary substrates into formate is Ruminococcus bromii; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into acetate Bifidobacterium adolescentis, wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into lactate isLactobacillus rhamnosus;wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert primary substrates into succinate is / are selected from the species Acutalibacter nov. genus, in particular having a DNA genome sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto and / or having a 16RNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant having at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably 99%, 99.5%, 99.7% or 99.9% sequence identity thereto, Prevotella copri and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert formate into acetate is Blautia hydrogenotrophica; and / or wherein the one or several bacterial strain(s) being able to convert succinate into propionate is Phascolarctobacterium faecium.18- The composition for use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the bacteria consortium comprises or essentially consists of Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae and / or Anaerobutyricum hallii; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and : a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Prevotella copri and a bacterium Acutalibacter nov. genus having a DNA genome sequence having 90%, 95% or 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1; and a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum, preferably from the group consisting of Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Blautia_A luti and Blautia_A wexlerae in particular having a 16SRNA sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant of at least 90%, 95%, or 99% identity thereto.19- The composition for use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the bacteria consortium comprises or essentially consists of:Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens;Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis;Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Prevotella copri; orAgathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes Caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and a bacterium having a DNA genome sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and wherein Blautia hydrogenotrophica can be replaced by a bacterium selected from the group consisting of Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, Intestinibacter bartlettii, Eubacterium callanderi and Eubacterium limosum, preferably from the group consisting of Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae, Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Terrisporobacter glycolicus, Terrisporobacter mayombei, even more preferably from the group consisting of Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Blautia_A luti, Blautia_A wexlerae, in the bacteria consortium.20- The composition for use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the bacteria consortium comprises or consists of:Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens;Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Prevotella copri;Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia hydrogenotrophica; Phascolarctobacterium faecium and a bacterium having a DNA genome sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1;Agathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Terrisporobacter othiniensis, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens; orAgathobacter rectalis; Anaerostipes caccae; Ruminococcus bromii; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Blautia_A wexlerae, Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Bacteroides xylanisolvens.21- The composition for use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said composition comprises between 5 and 15 different bacterial strains, preferably between 6 and 10 different bacterial strains.22- The composition for use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition further comprises:- propionate, acetate and / or butyrate;- a pharmaceutical excipient or carrier; and / or- a component selected from the group consisting of cryoprotecting media, glycerol, culture or dispersing media, in particular comprising peptone, yeast extract, monosaccharides, disaccharides, arabinogalactan, fructo-oligosaccharides, fibers, glycerol, soluble starch, resistant starch, xylan, minerals, co-factors, vitamins and reducing agents; aqueous gels; prebiotics and polymeric supports; and any combination thereof.23- A composition as defined in any one of claims 1-22.

24. . A bioreactor comprising the composition of claim 23.

25. A method for treating an intestinal dysbiosis or a disease or disorder caused by or related to an intestinal dysbiosis in a subject, wherein the method comprises administering a composition according to claim 23 to said subject.

26. Use of a composition according to claim 23 for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of an intestinal dysbiosis or of a disease or disorder caused by or related to an intestinal dysbiosis.

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