Control device and method for measuring an internal combustion engine on a test bench

Abstract

The invention relates to a control device (1) for measuring an internal combustion engine (3) on a test bench (5), comprising - at least one interface (7), which is designed to receive a measurement value (15) measured at a measurement point (13) of a parameter space of the internal combustion engine (3) spanned by at least one internal combustion engine parameter, - a computing module (9), which is configured to adapt an internal combustion engine model (17) on the basis of the received measurement value (15) at the measurement point (13), and - an optimisation model (11), which is configured, on the basis of the adapted internal combustion engine model (19), to determine a target function (J), to optimise the target function (J) and, on the basis of the optimised target function (J), to determine a new measurement point (21) in the parameter space.

Description

[0001]Rolls-Royce Solutions GmbH DESCRIPTION Control device and method for measuring an internal combustion engine on a test bench. The invention relates to a control device and a method for measuring an internal combustion engine on a test bench. It is known that an internal combustion engine is measured on a test bench before use in order to create an internal combustion engine model for the operation of the internal combustion engine. In this case, the internal combustion engine is operated, in particular, automatically or manually according to a measurement plan.The measurement plan includes, in particular, values ​​of at least one internal combustion engine input parameter that defines a parameter space for the internal combustion engine, such as an introduction time for introducing, in particular jetting or injecting, a fuel, an introduction quantity of the fuel, an introduction pressure, an air supply, an exhaust gas discharge, and valve timing for gas exchange valves, in particular intake and exhaust valves, such as a valve opening time and a valve closing time. Typically, the internal combustion engine is operated based on the measurement plan and configured based on the obtained measurement data in such a way that the lowest possible fuel consumption is achieved for a given emission level—in particular in accordance with legal guidelines.In particular, the measurement plan is generated in such a way that the time spent on the test bench and thus also the costs for calibrating the internal combustion engine are minimized. The disadvantage of this is that the measurement plan is created before the start of the measurement and thus cannot be adapted during the measurement or can only be adapted with great effort and in particular manual intervention based on the measured values ​​already obtained. The disadvantage of this is that in practice it is difficult to adaptively reduce the number of measurement points and thus reduce the costs of the measurement. 211175 PCT The object of the invention is therefore to provide a control device and a method for measuring an internal combustion engine on a test bench, wherein the aforementioned disadvantages are at least reduced and preferably do not occur.The object is achieved by providing the present technical teaching, in particular the teaching of the independent claims and the preferred embodiments disclosed in the dependent claims and the description. The object is achieved in particular by creating a control device for measuring an internal combustion engine on a test bench. The control device has at least one interface, a computing module and an optimization module. The at least one interface is configured to receive a measured value measured at a measurement point of a parameter space of the internal combustion engine spanned by at least one internal combustion engine parameter, in particular at least one internal combustion engine input parameter. The computing module is configured to adapt an internal combustion engine model based on the received measured value at the measurement point.Additionally, the optimization module is configured to determine a target function based on the adapted internal combustion engine model, optimize the target function, and determine a new measurement point in the parameter space based on the optimized target function. Advantageously, the control device systematically and, in particular, automatically considers the objectives of the internal combustion engine's operation by optimizing the target function.By no longer rigidly pre-determining the measurement points - with the exception of an initial, first measurement point - but rather dynamically generating them during the measurement runtime, taking into account the operating objectives such as, in particular, minimal fuel consumption while complying with legal emissions, it is advantageously possible by means of the control device to increase the model quality of the internal combustion engine model compared to the state of the art and at the same time to reduce, in particular to halve, the number of measurement points for determining the internal combustion engine model compared to the state of the art.Such a reduction in the number of measurement points is possible in particular because, due to their dynamic generation taking into account the operating objectives, at least essentially relevant measurement points are approached, whereas a measurement plan prepared in advance consults the parameter space without sufficient prior knowledge, so that a large number of measurement points must be approached in order to at least also record a sufficient number of relevant measurement points. With the control device according to the invention, it is thus advantageously possible to reduce the time and in particular the costs for measuring the internal combustion engine compared to the prior art, in particular to halve them, and to carry out the measurement, for example, within a few weeks.In the context of the present technical teaching, a module is generally understood to mean, in particular, a mentally or physically definable or delimited functional unit that is configured to perform at least one specific function. This can be a separate computing device, a part of a computing device, a hardware structure, or a software structure, each of which is configured and provided to fulfill the at least one specific function. In the context of the present technical teaching, an interface is understood to mean, in particular, a functional unit that is configured to receive and / or send data. In one embodiment, the at least one interface is part of a communication module of the control device, or the control device has a communication module that consists of the at least one interface.The interface can be a wired or wireless interface, in particular a serial or parallel interface, in particular a USB interface, a LAN interface or WLAN interface, or an interface for exchanging mobile data. The interface can also be configured to read data from an external storage device or read / write device integrated into the control device, or to write data to the storage device or read / write device. It is possible for such a read / write device to be able to only write or only read. In particular, it is possible for the control device to have a first read / write device that can only write, and a second read / write device that can only read. However, it is also possible for the control device to have at least one read / write device that can both write and read.The optimization of a function, in particular the objective function, is understood in the context of the present technical teaching to mean in particular the determination of an extremum of the function. Furthermore, the optimization of a function, in particular the objective function, in the context of the present technical teaching includes in particular the determination of a minimum and / or a maximum of the function. 211175 PCT In particular, the optimization module is thus set up to determine an extremum, in particular a maximum and / or a minimum, of the objective function. In particular, the optimization module is set up to maximize and / or minimize the objective function. In particular, the at least one interface is additionally set up to communicate the new measurement point to the internal combustion engine for measuring a new measured value at the new measurement point.In particular, the control device - in particular the at least one interface, the computing module and the optimization module - is configured to use as a measurement point at least one internal combustion engine input parameter spanning the parameter space, which is selected from a group consisting of an introduction time for introducing, in particular jetting or injecting, a fuel, an introduction quantity of the fuel, an introduction pressure, a fresh air mass flow, and valve control times for gas exchange valves, in particular intake and exhaust valves, such as a valve opening time and a valve closing time, an internal combustion engine speed and a combination of the previous parameters.Alternatively or additionally, the control device—in particular the at least one interface, the computing module, and the optimization module—is configured to use at least one internal combustion engine output parameter as a measured value, which is selected from a group consisting of fuel consumption, an emission quantity, a combustion chamber pressure, and a combination of the previous parameters. Particularly preferably, the control device is configured to iteratively adapt the internal combustion engine model based on the new measurement point and to determine a further new measurement point in the parameter space. In the context of the present technical teaching, an emission quantity is, in particular, a concentration of a predetermined emission substance and / or an emission substance class, in particular in a unit of mass per exhaust gas volume or ppm.Alternatively or additionally, an emission quantity is an output of the predetermined emission substance and / or the emission substance class per unit of time. In particular, the predetermined emission substance and / or a substance of the emission substance class is solid, in particular a particle, or liquid or gaseous. In particular, the emission substance and / or the emission substance class is selected from a group consisting of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, in particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, soot particles, nitrogen oxides, in particular nitrogen monoxide and / or nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur oxides, in particular sulfur dioxide. The control device is in particular configured to operate the internal combustion engine. Preferably, the control device is configured to operate the internal combustion engine at an operating measurement point as the measurement point.Alternatively or additionally, the control device is configured to operate the internal combustion engine using the new measurement point. In the context of the present technical teaching, operating the internal combustion engine is understood to mean, in particular, controlling or regulating, preferably regulating, the operation of the internal combustion engine. In the context of the present technical teaching, the at least one internal combustion engine input parameter, in particular the plurality of internal combustion engine input parameters, spans the parameter space from which the measurement points are selected. Furthermore, the measured values ​​are spanned over the parameter space, in particular by means of the internal combustion engine model. According to a development of the invention, the computing module is additionally configured to use a Gaussian process model as the internal combustion engine model.Gaussian process models are particularly suitable for developing an internal combustion engine model: Compared to polynomial-based models, they are particularly easy to adapt to new or changed data points in the application field, and they exhibit more suitable and physically correct behavior at the edge of the given parameter space. Compared to physical models, they require significantly less computational effort. Furthermore, they allow the direct use of test bench data. Such a Gaussian process model is developed primarily based on measured values ​​Yb at measurement points X. b constructed and / or refined, where X b ^ x m in particular n input parameters, in particular internal combustion engine input parameters, for m different measurement points and with Yb ^ ℝ m x kin particular k output parameters, in particular internal combustion engine output parameters, for which m different measurement points are specified. In one embodiment, in a first step, m=1, where m is incremented by 1 in each iteration step of the internal combustion engine measurement. In an alternative embodiment, a basic grid of the Gaussian process model, in particular m measurement points and associated measured values, is known, and based on new additional measured values, the basic grid of the Gaussian process model is refined and / or adapted, where m is incremented by 1 in each iteration step of the internal combustion engine measurement. Furthermore, the Gaussian process model is characterized by a predetermined calculation scheme for an expected value E(Xu) ^ ℝ l x k and a variance Var(Xu) for survey points not included in the original data set for l different operating conditions X u ^ ℝ n x l given: with a covariance function K which depends on the Euclidean distance r between two points xr, xs in the following way: with a predetermined distance parameter l – in particular a width of a Gaussian bell –, a predetermined signal variance ^^ ^^ – in particular a predetermined signal swing –, a predetermined measurement noise ^^ ^^ and a Kronecker delta ^^ ^^, ^^ . In particular ^^ ^^, ^^ = 0 for two different points x r , x s and ^^ ^^, ^^ = 1 for two identical points x r , x s , whereby the function K is not zero at identical points xr, xs and thus advantageously a numerical calculation becomes more stable, in particular a numerical calculation of an inverse becomes more stable. Thus, in equations (1) and (2) K(X u ,X b ) ^ ℝ l x m , K(X b ,X b ) ^ ℝ m x m , I ^ ℝ m x m and Yb ^ ℝ m x k. In particular, the expected value E(Xu) has a fuel consumption expected value. Alternatively or additionally, the expected value E(Xu) has an emission expected value. Alternatively or additionally, the expected value E(X u ) has a combustion chamber pressure expectation value. In particular, the variance Var(X u) has a fuel consumption variance. Alternatively or additionally, the variance Var(Xu) has an emissions variance. Alternatively or additionally, the variance Var(Xu) has a combustion chamber pressure variance. 211175 PCT According to a development of the invention, the computing module is additionally configured to determine a fuel consumption distribution, in particular via the at least one internal combustion engine input parameter. Alternatively or additionally, the computing module is configured to determine an emissions distribution, in particular via the at least one internal combustion engine input parameter. Advantageously, on the basis of fuel consumption and / or emissions of the internal combustion engine, it is possible to optimally adjust the internal combustion engine with regard to legal regulations.In the context of the present technical teaching, a fuel consumption distribution is understood to be a probability distribution of the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine over the parameter space of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, an emissions distribution in the context of the present technical teaching is understood to be a probability distribution of the emission quantity of the internal combustion engine over the parameter space of the internal combustion engine. In particular, the calculation module is configured to determine the fuel consumption expected value and the fuel consumption variance of the fuel consumption distribution. Alternatively or additionally, the calculation module is configured to determine the emissions expected value and the emissions variance of the emissions distribution. According to a further development of the invention, the optimization module is additionally configured to determine the objective function as a function of the fuel consumption distribution.Alternatively or additionally, the optimization module is set up to determine the objective function as a function of the emissions distribution. In particular, points which have a large fuel consumption variance and / or a large emissions variance are specifically sought in the parameter space of the internal combustion engine in order to measure these points as measurement points and thus reduce the fuel consumption variance and / or the emissions variance at this measurement point, in particular to a minimum value. This advantageously makes it possible to forecast the fuel consumption and / or the emissions at the measurement point with greater certainty. In particular, the better the internal combustion engine model, the smaller the occurring variances and / or uncertainties are. In particular, the optimization module is set up to determine the objective function J in the form 211175 PCT ^^ = ^^. ^^ to determine, where J Va fuel consumption objective function. In particular, the optimization module is configured to determine the fuel consumption objective function JV using at least one of the equations ^^ ^^ = ^^ ^^, ^^ = − ^^ ^^ (5) ^^ ^^ = ^^ ^^, ^^ = ^^ ^^ – ^^ ^^ (6) to determine, where ^^ ^^ a fuel consumption variance of the fuel consumption distribution and with ^^ ^^a fuel consumption expected value of the fuel consumption distribution. Based on the objective function according to equation (5), a point is selected as the new measurement point that has a large fuel consumption variance, so that the fuel consumption variance of the internal combustion engine model is advantageously reduced after each measurement step, thereby achieving better knowledge of the internal combustion engine model. Based on the objective function according to equation (6), a point is selected as the new measurement point that has a potentially low fuel consumption. Alternatively or additionally, the optimization module is configured to calculate the objective function J in the form ^^ = ^^ ^^ to determine, where J E an emission objective function. In particular, the optimization module is configured to determine the emission objective function J E using at least one of the equations ^^ ^^ = ^^ ^^ ,1= max൫0, ^^ ^^ + ^^ ^^ − NOx + ൯ (8) ^^ ^^ = ^^ ^^ ,1 + ^^ ^^,2 (10), where ^^ ^^ an emission variance of the emission distribution, with ^^ ^^ an emission expectation value of the emission distribution, with NOx +a maximum emission and NOx- a minimum emission – defined with regard to the efficiency. Using the objective function according to equation (8), a potential exceedance of the maximum emission is penalized, so that a point is selected as the measurement point whose potential emission lies below the maximum emission. Using the objective function according to equation (9), a potential undershoot of the minimum emission is penalized, so that a point is selected as the measurement point whose potential emission lies above the 211175 PCT minimum emission. Alternatively or additionally, the optimization module is set up to calculate the objective function J in the form ^^ = ^^ ^^ + ^^ ^^ (11), wherein the fuel consumption objective function JV and the emission objective function JE are selected from one of the previous equations. Preferably, the optimization module is configured to determine the objective function J in the form ^^ ^^) + NOx −) (12). Particularly preferably, the optimization module is configured to determine the objective function J in the form ^^ = ^^1∙ ^^ ^^, ^^ + ^^2∙ ^^ ^^, ^^ + ^^3∙ ^^ ^^,1 + ^^4∙ ^^ ^^,2 (13) where a iFactors for weighting and / or normalizing the individual sub-objective functions are referred to. Using the objective functions according to equations (11) to (13), the objectives regarding knowledge of the internal combustion engine model, minimization of fuel consumption, and compliance with minimum and maximum emissions are combined. According to a further development of the invention, the optimization module is additionally configured to optimize the objective function while taking into account at least one constraint. This advantageously makes it possible to include limits for the operation of the internal combustion engine in the optimization and thus in the determination of the new measurement point.According to a further development of the invention, the optimization module is additionally configured to determine the at least one constraint based on at least one parameter selected from a group consisting of a combustion chamber pressure, a combustion chamber pressure gradient, compressor surge, soot formation, and a combination of the preceding parameters. Particularly preferably, the optimization module is configured to determine the constraint based on a combustion chamber pressure. In particular, the optimization module is configured to specify the constraint in the form ^^. ( ^^ max > ^^ m m a a x x ) < ^^ ∗ 211175 PCT, where ^^(∙) is a probability function, with ^^ max a combustion chamber pressure maximum occurring during a combustion process, with ^^ m m a a x xa maximum permissible combustion chamber pressure and with ^^ ∗ a predetermined limiting probability. In particular, the optimization module is configured to define the predetermined limiting probability as ^^ ∗ = 0.25. This advantageously ensures that the probability that the combustion chamber pressure maximum is greater than the maximum permissible combustion chamber pressure is less than ^^ ∗, in particular is less than 25%. In particular, the control device is set up to carry out the method according to the invention explained below or a method according to one or more of the embodiments explained below. In particular, the description of the control device on the one hand and the method on the other hand are to be understood as complementary. The object is also achieved by creating a method for measuring an internal combustion engine on a test bench, wherein in particular the control device according to the invention or a control device according to one of the previously described embodiments is used to carry out the method. In this case, a) the internal combustion engine is operated and measured at an operating measurement point, wherein b) a measured value is obtained. Subsequently, c) an internal combustion engine model is adapted based on the measured value at the operating measurement point.d) A target function is determined based on the adapted internal combustion engine model. e) The target function is optimized, with a new measurement point being obtained based on the optimized target function. In connection with the method, the advantages already explained in connection with the control device arise in particular. The method comprises, in particular, at least one step, preferably a combination of steps, which were previously described explicitly or implicitly in connection with the control device. In particular, the method is an operating method of the control device, in particular for performing the functions described above.In particular, at least one internal combustion engine input parameter spanning the parameter space of the internal combustion engine is used as the operating measurement point and / or as the new measurement point. The parameter space is selected from a group consisting of an introduction time for introducing, in particular jetting or injecting, a fuel, an introduction quantity of the fuel, an introduction pressure, a fresh air mass flow, and valve timing for gas exchange valves, in particular intake and exhaust valves, such as in particular a valve opening time and a valve closing time, an internal combustion engine speed, and a combination of the previous parameters. Alternatively or additionally, the measured value is used as the measured value.According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that f) steps a) to e) are repeated with the new measurement point as the operating measurement point until a termination condition is reached. In particular, an initial operating measurement point is specified and / or determined using a measurement plan according to the prior art. Starting from the initial operating measurement point, the method is then carried out, in particular iteratively, until the termination condition is reached. According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that a Gaussian process model is used as the internal combustion engine model. According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that a fuel consumption distribution is determined using the internal combustion engine model. Alternatively or additionally, an emissions distribution is determined using the internal combustion engine model.Advantageously, it is possible to optimally adjust the internal combustion engine with regard to legal regulations based on fuel consumption and / or emissions of the internal combustion engine. In particular, an expected fuel consumption value and a fuel consumption variance of the fuel consumption distribution are determined based on the internal combustion engine model. Alternatively or additionally, an expected emission value and an emission variance of the emission distribution are determined based on the internal combustion engine model. 211175 PCT According to a development of the invention, it is provided that the objective function is determined as a function of the fuel consumption distribution. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the objective function is determined as a function of the emission distribution. In particular, the objective function J is in the form ^^ = ^^. ^^where JV denotes a fuel consumption objective function. In particular, the fuel consumption objective function J V determined using one of the equations (5) to (7). Alternatively or additionally, the objective function J is in the form ^^ = ^^ ^^determined, where JE denotes an emissions target function. In particular, the emissions target function JE is determined using one of equations (8) to (10). Alternatively or additionally, the target function J is determined using one of equations (11) to (13). According to a development of the invention, it is provided that the target function is optimized taking into account at least one secondary condition. The at least one secondary condition is determined based on at least one parameter selected from a group consisting of a combustion chamber pressure, a combustion chamber pressure gradient, compressor surge, soot formation, and a combination of the preceding parameters. Advantageously, this makes it possible to include limits for the operation of the internal combustion engine in the optimization and thus the determination of the new measurement point. Particularly preferably, the secondary condition is determined based on a combustion chamber pressure.In particular, the constraint is in the form ^^. ( ^^ max > ^^ m m a a x x ) < ^^ ∗ determined, where ^^ ( ∙ ) a probability function, with ^^ max a combustion chamber pressure maximum occurring during a combustion process, with ^^ m m a a x x a maximum permissible combustion chamber pressure and with ^^ ∗ a predetermined limiting probability. In particular, the predetermined limiting probability is denoted as ^^ ∗ = 0.25. This advantageously ensures that for the new measurement point, a 211175 PCT probability that the combustion chamber pressure maximum is greater than the maximum permissible combustion chamber pressure is less than ^^ ∗, in particular is less than 25%. According to a further development of the invention, the termination criterion in f) is the reaching of a maximum number of new measurement points. In particular, a) to e) are repeated with the respective new measurement point as the operating measurement point until the maximum number of new measurement points is reached. Alternatively or additionally, the termination criterion in f) is the reaching of a predetermined measurement point density in the parameter space of the internal combustion engine, wherein in particular a) to e) are repeated with the respective new measurement point as the operating measurement point until the predetermined measurement point density is reached.Alternatively or additionally, a minimum measurement point distance is used as the termination criterion, wherein in particular a) to e) are repeated with the respective new measurement point as the operating measurement point until a distance, in particular a Euclidean distance, between the new measurement point and any of the other measurement points is smaller than the minimum measurement point distance. Alternatively or additionally, a maximum variance is used as the termination criterion, wherein in particular a) to e) are repeated with the respective new measurement point as the operating measurement point until the variance of the internal combustion engine model designed as a Gaussian process model is smaller than the maximum variance. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a control device for measuring an internal combustion engine on a test bench, and Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a method for measuring the internal combustion engine on the test bench. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a control device 1 for measuring an internal combustion engine 3 on a test bench 5. The control device 1 has at least one interface 7, a computing module 9, and an optimization module 11. In particular, the at least one interface 7, the computing module 9, and the optimization module 11 are connected to one another, in particular for data transmission.211175 PCT The at least one interface 7 is configured to receive a measured value 15 measured at a measurement point 13 of a parameter space of the internal combustion engine 3 spanned by at least one internal combustion engine parameter, in particular at least one internal combustion engine input parameter. In particular, the at least one interface 7 is additionally configured to communicate a new measurement point 21 for measuring a new measured value 15 at the new measurement point 21 to the internal combustion engine 3. In particular, the at least one interface is part of a communication module of the control device 1, or the communication module consists of the at least one interface.This can be a wired or wireless interface, in particular a serial or parallel interface, in particular a USB interface, a LAN interface or WLAN interface, or an interface for exchanging mobile data. The interface can also be configured to read data from an external storage device or read / write device integrated into the control device, or to write data to the storage device or read / write device. It is possible for such a read / write device to be able to only write or only read. In particular, it is possible for the control device to have a first read / write device that can only write, and a second read / write device that can only read. However, it is also possible for the control device to have at least one read / write device that can both write and read.The calculation module 9 is configured to adapt an internal combustion engine model 17 based on the received measured value 15 at the measurement point 13. In particular, the calculation module 9 is additionally configured to use a Gaussian process model as the internal combustion engine model 17. Alternatively or additionally, the calculation module 9 is configured in particular to determine a fuel consumption distribution 23 and / or an emissions distribution 25, in particular via the at least one internal combustion engine input parameter. In particular, the calculation module 9 is configured to determine a fuel consumption expectation value and a fuel consumption variance of the fuel consumption distribution 23. Alternatively or additionally, the calculation module 9 is configured in particular to determine an emissions expectation value and an emissions variance of the emissions distribution 25.211175 PCT The optimization module 11 is configured to determine a target function J based on the adapted internal combustion engine model 19, to optimize the target function J, and to determine the new measurement point 21 in the parameter space based on the optimized target function J. In particular, the optimization module 11 is additionally configured to determine the target function J as a function of the fuel consumption distribution 23. Alternatively or additionally, the optimization module 11 is configured in particular to determine the target function J as a function of the emissions distribution 25. In particular, the optimization module 11 is configured to determine the target function J in the form ^^ = ^^. ^^ where JV denotes a fuel consumption objective function. In particular, the optimization module 11 is configured to determine the fuel consumption objective function J Vusing one of equations (5) to (7). Alternatively or additionally, the optimization module 11 is configured to determine the objective function J in the form ^^ = ^^ ^^to determine, where JE denotes an emissions target function. In particular, the optimization module 11 is configured to determine the emissions target function JE using one of equations (8) to (10). Alternatively or additionally, the optimization module 11 is configured to determine the target function J using one of equations (11) to (13). Alternatively or additionally, the optimization module 11 is configured in particular to optimize the target function taking into account at least one secondary condition. Alternatively or additionally, the optimization module 11 is configured in particular to determine the at least one secondary condition based on at least one parameter selected from a group consisting of a combustion chamber pressure, a combustion chamber pressure gradient, compressor surge, soot formation, and a combination of the preceding parameters.Particularly preferably, the optimization module 11 is configured to determine the constraint based on a combustion chamber pressure. In particular, the optimization module 11 is configured to determine the constraint in the form ^^. ( ^^ max > ^^ m m a a x x ) < ^^ ∗ to determine, where ^^(∙) is a probability function, with ^^ max a combustion chamber pressure maximum occurring during a combustion process, with ^^ m m a a x x a maximum permissible combustion chamber pressure and with ^^ ∗ a predetermined limiting probability. In particular, the optimization module 11 is configured to define the predetermined limiting probability as ^^ ∗= 0.25. 211175 PCT In particular, the control device 1 - in particular the at least one interface 7, the calculation module 9 and the optimization module 11 - is set up to use as measurement point 13 at least one internal combustion engine input parameter spanning the parameter space, which is selected from a group consisting of an introduction time for introducing, in particular jetting or injecting, a fuel, an introduction quantity of the fuel, an introduction pressure, a fresh air mass flow, and valve control times for gas exchange valves, in particular intake and exhaust valves, such as in particular a valve opening time and a valve closing time, an internal combustion engine speed and a combination of the previous parameters.Alternatively or additionally, the control device 1—in particular the at least one interface 7, the computing module 9, and the optimization module 11—is configured to use at least one internal combustion engine output parameter as the measured value 15, which is selected from a group consisting of fuel consumption, an emission quantity, a combustion chamber pressure, and a combination of the previous parameters. The control device 1 is configured, in particular, to operate the internal combustion engine 3. Preferably, the control device 1 is configured to operate the internal combustion engine 3 at an operating measurement point 13 as the measurement point. Alternatively or additionally, the control device 1 is configured, in particular, to operate the internal combustion engine 3 with the new measurement point 21.Particularly preferably, the control device 1 is additionally configured to iteratively adapt the internal combustion engine model 17 based on the new measurement point 21 and to determine a further new measurement point 21 in the parameter space. Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a method for measuring the internal combustion engine 3 on the test bench 5, wherein, in particular, the control device 1 according to Figure 1 is used to carry out the method. In a first step a), the internal combustion engine 3 is operated and measured at an operating measurement point 13.In particular, at least one internal combustion engine input parameter spanning the parameter space of the internal combustion engine is used as the operating measurement point 13, which is selected from a group consisting of an introduction time for introducing, in particular jetting or injecting, a fuel, an introduction quantity of the fuel, an introduction pressure, a fresh air mass flow, and valve timing for gas exchange valves, in particular intake and exhaust valves, such as in particular a valve opening time and a valve closing time, an internal combustion engine speed, and a combination of the previous parameters. In a second step b), a measured value 15 is obtained.In particular, at least one internal combustion engine output parameter is used as the measured value 15, which is selected from a group consisting of fuel consumption, an emission quantity, a combustion chamber pressure, and a combination of the previous parameters. In a third step c), an internal combustion engine model 17 is adapted based on the measured value 15 at the operating measurement point 13, whereby an adapted internal combustion engine model 19 is obtained. In particular, the adapted internal combustion engine model 19 is set as the internal combustion engine model 17. In particular, a Gaussian process model is used as the internal combustion engine model 17 and in particular as the adapted internal combustion engine model 19. In particular, the fuel consumption distribution 23 and / or the emission distribution 25 is determined by means of the internal combustion engine model 17 and in particular by means of the adapted internal combustion engine model 19.In particular, the expected fuel consumption value and the fuel consumption variance of the fuel consumption distribution are determined using the internal combustion engine model 17 and in particular using the adapted internal combustion engine model 19. Alternatively or additionally, the expected emissions value and the emissions variance of the emissions distribution 25 are determined using the internal combustion engine model 17 and in particular using the adapted internal combustion engine model 19. In a fourth step d), an objective function J is determined using the adapted internal combustion engine model 19. In particular, the objective function J is determined as a function of the fuel consumption distribution and / or the emissions distribution. In particular, the objective function J is in the form ^^ = ^^. ^^ 211175 PCT, where J V is called a fuel consumption objective function. In particular, the fuel consumption objective function J Vdetermined using one of the equations (5) to (7). Alternatively or additionally, the objective function J is in the form ^^ = ^^ ^^ where JE denotes an emission objective function. In particular, the emission objective function J Edetermined using one of equations (8) to (10). Alternatively or additionally, the objective function J is determined using one of equations (11) to (13). In a fifth step e), the objective function J is optimized, wherein a new measurement point 21 is obtained using the optimized objective function J. In particular, the objective function J is optimized taking into account at least one constraint. The at least one constraint is determined based on at least one parameter selected from a group consisting of a combustion chamber pressure, a combustion chamber pressure gradient, compressor surge, soot formation, and a combination of the preceding parameters. Particularly preferably, the constraint is determined based on a combustion chamber pressure. In particular, the constraint is in the form ^^ ( ^^ max > ^^ m m a a x x ) < ^^ ∗determined, where ^^(∙) is a probability function, with ^^ max a combustion chamber pressure maximum occurring during a combustion process, with ^^ m m a a x x a maximum permissible combustion chamber pressure and with ^^ ∗ a predetermined marginal probability. In particular, the predetermined probability is denoted as ^^ ∗= 0.25. Optionally, steps a) to e) are repeated with the new survey point 21 as the operational survey point 13 until a termination condition is reached. In particular, the termination criterion used is the reaching of a maximum number of new survey points 21. In particular, steps a) to e) are repeated with the respective new survey point 21 as the operational survey point 13 until the maximum number of new survey points 21 is reached. Alternatively or additionally, a predetermined survey point density is used as the termination criterion, wherein in particular steps a) to e) are repeated with the respective new survey point 21 as the operational survey point 13 until the predetermined survey point density is reached.Alternatively or additionally, a minimum measurement point distance is used as the termination criterion, wherein, in particular, steps a) to e) are repeated with the respective new measurement point 21 as the operating measurement point 13 until a distance, in particular a Euclidean distance, between the new measurement point 21 and any of the other measurement points 21 is smaller than the minimum measurement point distance. Alternatively or additionally, a maximum variance is used as the termination criterion, wherein, in particular, steps a) to e) are repeated with the respective new measurement point 21 as the operating measurement point 13 until the variance of the internal combustion engine model 17, 19 designed as a Gaussian process model is smaller than the maximum variance. In an optional initial step I), the initial operational survey point 13 is specified and / or determined using a survey plan according to the state of the art.Starting from the initial operating measurement point 13, steps a) to e) are then performed, particularly iteratively, until the termination condition is reached. In an optional distribution determination step V), a fuel consumption distribution 23 and / or an emissions distribution 25 is determined based on the adapted internal combustion engine model 19. 211175 PCT.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Control device (1) for measuring an internal combustion engine (3) on a test bench (5), with ^ at least one interface (7) which is set up to receive a measured value (15) measured at a measuring point (13) of a parameter space of the internal combustion engine (3) spanned by at least one internal combustion engine parameter, ^ a computing module (9) which is set up to adapt an internal combustion engine model (17) on the basis of the received measured value (15) at the measuring point (13), and ^ an optimization module (11) which is set up to determine a target function (J) on the basis of the adapted internal combustion engine model (19), to optimize the target function (J) and to determine a new measuring point (21) in the parameter space on the basis of the optimized target function (J).

2. Control device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the calculation module (9) is configured to use a Gaussian process model as the internal combustion engine model (17, 19).Control device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the calculation module (9) is configured to determine a fuel consumption distribution (23) and / or an emissions distribution (25).

4. Control device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the optimization module (11) is configured to determine the objective function (J) based on the fuel consumption distribution (23) and / or the emissions distribution (25).

5. Control device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the optimization module (11) is configured to optimize the objective function (J) taking into account at least one secondary condition.

6. Control device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the optimization module (11) is configured to determine the at least one secondary condition based on 211175 PCT. at least one parameter selected from a group consisting of a combustion chamber pressure, a combustion chamber pressure gradient, compressor surge, soot formation, and a combination of the preceding parameters.

7. A method for measuring an internal combustion engine (3) on a test bench (5), wherein a) the internal combustion engine (3) is operated and measured at an operating measurement point (13), wherein b) a measured value (15) is obtained, wherein c) an internal combustion engine model (17) is adapted based on the measured value (15) at the measurement point (13), wherein d) a target function (J) is determined based on the adapted internal combustion engine model (19), wherein e) the target function (J) is optimized, wherein a new measurement point (21) is obtained based on the optimized target function (J).The method according to claim 7, wherein f) steps a) to e) are repeated with the new measurement point (21) as the operating measurement point (13) until a termination condition is reached.

9. The method according to one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the objective function (J) is determined based on a fuel consumption distribution (23) and / or an emissions distribution (25).

10. The method according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the objective function (J) is optimized taking into account at least one constraint, wherein the at least one constraint is determined based on at least one parameter selected from a group consisting of a combustion chamber pressure, a combustion chamber pressure gradient, compressor surge, soot formation, and a combination of the preceding parameters. 11.Method according to one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the termination criterion used is the reaching of a maximum number of new survey points (21), wherein in particular steps a) to e) are carried out with the respective new survey point (21) as the operating 211175 PCT. Survey point (13) must be repeated until the maximum number of new survey points (21) is reached. 211175 PCT

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