Device, energy conversion system and fluid-operated wave utilization system

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for converting kinetic energy, in particular wave energy of a fluid, into electrical energy, an energy conversion system, and a fluid-flowing wave utilization system. The device comprises a hollow body and a base body, which is supported by an inner wall of the hollow body at least by means of a first spring and a first energy dissipation device, which is arranged at a distance from the first spring, and which has at a first end a sleeve with a coil arranged along the longitudinal extent of the sleeve and at a second end a permanent magnet inserted into and movable therein, wherein an electrical energy is generated when the permanent magnet moves along the longitudinal extent of the sleeve, such that a first kinetic energy acting on the hollow body at a first time accelerates the device in a first direction.The first spring deflects the base body in a second direction opposite to the first, thereby initiating movement of the permanent magnet relative to the sleeve and thus converting the first kinetic energy at least partially into electrical energy. The first spring is arranged with a first end on the base body and with a second end on the inner wall of the hollow body. The invention relates to a wave energy generation system for producing electrical energy from the kinetic wave energy of a fluid, comprising a frame through which the fluid flows, with a wave inlet and a wave outlet, and at least a first energy absorption device and a second energy absorption device, which are arranged in a region between the wave inlet and the wave outlet and generate electrical energy upon acceleration.wherein the first energy absorption device is or are connected to the second energy absorption device by means of a first connecting element and / or the first energy absorption device is connected to the frame of the wave utilization system by means of a second connecting element and / or the second energy absorption device is connected to the frame by means of a third connecting element, such that a predefined range of movement of the second energy absorption device relative to the first energy absorption device and / or the second energy absorption device and / or the first energy absorption device relative to the frame is realized by means of the first connecting element, the second connecting element and / or the third connecting element.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for converting kinetic energy, in particular wave energy of a fluid, into electrical energy, an energy conversion system and a fluid-flowing wave utilization system.

[0002] Tidal power plants are known for generating electricity from ocean energy, harnessing the power of the tides. Additionally, wave power plants are known for generating electricity from ocean waves, a process that has primarily been tested in prototype form. Energy derived from ocean or wave energy is a renewable energy source.

[0003] The power released when waves hit a coast can average 20 to 30 kW per meter of coastline, and offshore wave energy can reach up to 100 kW per meter of wave roll.

[0004] Concepts for wave power plants are known that generate energy through a wind generator using air flowing in and out of a pneumatic chamber, where the water level rises and falls due to a connection to the sea. Concepts for wave power plants are also known that generate electrical energy from the movement of buoyant or floating bodies induced by waves, which is converted into electricity either via hydraulic systems or linear generators (see https: / / startgreen.net / netzwerk / gruenes-startup / sinnpower-gmbh-waveenergy / ). Furthermore, concepts for wave power plants are known that utilize the potential energy of waves approaching a ramp to generate electrical energy, with the overflowing water flowing through a water turbine.Furthermore, there are concepts for wave power plants that use damping elements, such as movable plates, gates or fins, by converting the movement of the elements caused by wave currents due to the rising seabed off the coast into electricity.

[0005] US patent 2012 153624 A1 discloses a wave energy converter as a wave power plant, based on a mass-spring-damper system with different degrees of freedom, wherein the generation of energy is realized by means of floating bodies on which wave energy acts as a mechanical disturbance.The disclosed wave energy converter comprises an inertial system contained in a housing, comprising at least one oscillating mass, at least two springs per oscillating mass, the springs being positioned radially relative to the oscillating mass, and at least two energy dissipation devices, one energy dissipation device per spring, wherein one end of the energy dissipation devices is radially connected to the oscillating mass via universal joints, while the other end of the energy dissipation devices is also connected to the wall of the housing via universal joints, wherein the energy dissipation devices each have a hydraulic, pneumatic and / or hydropneumatic working cylinder and a linear generator to absorb the mechanical energy of the oscillating mass and convert it into electrical energy, and are configured to deliver the acquired electrical energy to an energy storage system.

[0006] The well-known wave power plants have the disadvantage that the energy recovery rate is quite low and the costs for the electrical energy generated by the wave energy device are quite high.

[0007] The purpose of the invention is to improve the state of the art.

[0008] The problem is solved by a device according to claim 1.

[0009] Advantageously, the device according to the invention achieves an optimized energy efficiency, since the arrangement exhibits lower energy losses due to friction 20. In particular, the arrangement of the spring and the first energy dissipation device results in less friction when the permanent magnet moves along the longitudinal extent of the sleeve. The cost of the electrical energy generated by the device according to the invention is advantageously lower compared to the electrical energy generated by known wave energy systems, since an optimized energy efficiency is achieved. Furthermore, the arrangement of the elements allows for simple manufacturability of the device, which advantageously contributes to lower energy generation costs.By means of a device according to the invention, it is advantageously possible to convert both translational and rotational kinetic energy acting on the device into electrical energy.

[0010] Thus, it is possible to generate electrical energy from wave energy, in particular kinetic wave energy, with a high energy efficiency and low production costs using the device according to the invention.

[0011] A key idea of ​​the invention is to provide a cost-effective system for the efficient generation of electricity from wave energy.

[0012] In wave power plants based on the OWC principle (Oscillating Water Column), water flows into a reservoir, forcing air from the reservoir into an open tube. As the water flows out, air is drawn back into the reservoir through the open tube. At least one turbine is located in the open tube, which is driven by the airflow and thus generates electricity.

[0013] Furthermore, wave power plants are used in the state of the art, which utilize the potential energy of waves driving onto a ramp to generate electricity by driving a water turbine with the overflowing water.

[0014] Furthermore, hydroelectric power plants are known that use the movement of oscillating or movable damping elements to generate electrical energy. These damping elements are known to be movable plates, gates, or fins, which are mostly arranged below the water's surface so that ocean currents induce their movement.

[0015] The aforementioned well-known hydroelectric power plants are very large structures, the installation of which is very complex and which have a very large impact on the installation site, such as noise, seabed erosion, etc.

[0016] Furthermore, wave power plants are known that convert the movement of wave-induced floating or buoyant bodies relative to each other or to a fixed reference point into electrical energy. Hydraulic systems or linear generators are used for power generation. In so-called attenuators, interconnected energy-generating elements float on the water's surface, and energy is generated by wave-induced twisting of the entire structure. In so-called point absorbers, buoys floating on the water's surface are used, and the wave-induced vertical movement is converted into electrical current by means of linear generators or hydraulic cylinders.

[0017] Attenuators have the disadvantage that they only detect movements of the water at the water's surface. Point absorbers have the disadvantage that they can only detect movement in a predefined direction. Therefore, the efficiency of such wave power plants is quite low.

[0018] WO 2018 / 191779 A1 also discloses a wave energy utilization reservoir as a wave power plant and a method for generating electrical energy from wave energy using the wave energy utilization reservoir. The wave energy utilization reservoir comprises an inlet side and an outlet side, the inlet side having a screen movable between an open and closed configuration, and the outlet side comprising a back wall arranged to extend above the waterline of the body of water, the screen extending vertically between a lowest level and a highest level, the height of the screen being at least 80% of the height of the wave energy utilization reservoir; the screen having an immersion height that represents the height between the lowest level of the screen and the waterline;wherein the wave energy utilization reservoir has an effective length corresponding to the distance between the screen and the back wall; wherein the ratio of immersion height to effective length is in the range of 1.1 to 3.0. The disclosed method comprises the steps of: providing a wave energy utilization reservoir with an inlet side and an outlet side, wherein the inlet side comprises a screen movable between an open configuration and a closed configuration, and the outlet side comprises a back wall arranged to extend over a waterline of the body of water, the screen extending vertically to a lowest level and a highest level, the height of the screen being at least 80% of the height of the wave energy utilization reservoir; aligning the wave energy utilization reservoir so that it is generally oriented in one direction of wave propagation;Allowing the screen to be open to receive a wave propagating through the water; causing the screen to close when the water level within the wave energy recovery reservoir reaches an elevated level; using the energy stored in the water within the wave energy recovery reservoir to drive a turbine; and causing the screen to open when the water level in the wave energy recovery reservoir reaches a lower level.

[0019] With current methods and devices, there is no easily installed wave power plant for the efficient conversion of wave energy into electrical energy.

[0020] The purpose of the invention is to improve the state of the art.

[0021] The problem is solved by a wave utilization system according to claim 12, also called a wave power plant.

[0022] By means of the device according to the invention, energy dissipation devices, which generate electrical energy when accelerated, are advantageously arranged in a wave-affected fluid such that the wave utilization system achieves a high energy recovery rate. Furthermore, the wave utilization system is advantageously modular in design, so that its construction involves minimal installation effort. Finally, due to its design with a comparatively small-volume frame and the movable energy dissipation devices, the wave utilization system according to the invention has a minimal impact on the installation location.

[0023] In this way, it is possible to provide an easy-to-install wave power plant for the efficient conversion of wave energy into electrical energy.

[0024] A key idea of ​​the invention is based on the fact that an acceleration-induced energy converter is accelerated by wave energy.

[0025] The following terms should be explained: "Kinetic energy" refers specifically to the energy of motion generated by the wave motion of a fluid. The fluid can be water, particularly seawater. Kinetic energy can have a translational component in one and / or more spatial directions and / or a rotational component in one and / or more spatial directions.

[0026] The device comprises in particular a hollow body and a base body, arranged in a rest position essentially centrally within the hollow body, which is supported by an inner wall of the hollow body at least by means of a first spring and a first energy dissipation device.

[0027] The first spring is arranged such that its geometric central axis does not overlap with the geometric central axis of the first and / or second energy dissipation devices. Alternatively or additionally, an overlap is possible, but friction between the spring and an energy dissipation device is disadvantageous. Alternatively or additionally, the first spring is radially oriented, pointing outwards from a center point of the base body.

[0028] The hollow body, also referred to as a mechanical structure, can be spherical or have the shape of any polyhedron and / or be made of plastic and / or metal, in particular a lightweight material. The hollow body can be buoyant and / or have a predefined buoyancy. In one embodiment, the buoyancy of the hollow body, in particular of the hollow body and all elements arranged within it, can equal the density of the surrounding water. The immersion depth of the hollow body in the fluid can advantageously be determined via the buoyancy. For ease of manufacture, the hollow body can have closable openings and / or be multi-part.

[0029] The outer diameter of the hollow body can range from 2 cm to 50 cm. The wall thickness of the hollow body is, in particular, from 0.05 cm to 3 cm. Other dimensions are conceivable and do not restrict the present invention. The dimensions can be selected based on the expected shaft size. Additionally or alternatively, the dimensions can be selected based on the maximum forces that the mechanical structure can withstand.

[0030] At least one attachment point can be arranged on an outer surface of the hollow body. A connection to at least one second hollow body and / or a support structure can be established directly and / or indirectly via this attachment point.

[0031] The base body can be spherical and / or have the shape of any polyhedron. The outer diameter of the base body can range from 0.5 cm to 50 cm. Other dimensions are conceivable and do not limit the present invention.

[0032] The base body is arranged essentially centrally within the hollow body. Additionally or alternatively, the base body can be arranged in a rest position in close proximity to an inner wall of the hollow body, and the device can be arranged and aligned, particularly by means of a holding device acting on the hollow body from the outside, such that wave energy initiates an acceleration of the device in a predefined direction, which corresponds to an arrangement of the base body such that an optimized energy utilization rate is advantageously achieved. The device can, in particular, comprise exactly one first spring and one first energy dissipation device, and the base body can, in particular, return to its rest position after a deflection due to gravity. In this way, a simple design of the device is advantageously realized.

[0033] The base body is indirectly connected to the hollow body, particularly its inner wall, by means of the first spring and the first energy dissipation device. In other words, a first end of the first spring and a first end of the first energy dissipation device are fixedly and / or movably attached to the base body, and a second end of the first spring and a second end of the first energy dissipation device are fixedly and / or movably attached to the inner wall of the hollow body. The points and / or areas where the first spring and / or the first energy dissipation device contact the hollow body and / or the base body are called connection points or anchor points. In one embodiment, a movable arrangement can be achieved by means of ball joints, a hook that can be inserted into an eyelet, and / or a screw-in fastener.Additionally or alternatively, the movable arrangement can be realized using hooks, eyelets and / or screwable connecting devices.

[0034] The base body can additionally or alternatively have a second spring and / or further springs. The features and embodiments of the first spring apply to the second spring and further springs. In one embodiment, the second spring can be arranged directly opposite the first spring on the base body. In this way, the springs advantageously act diametrically opposite each other.

[0035] The first spring can be assigned to a first and / or second energy dissipation device. A number of springs can correspond to a number of first and / or second energy dissipation devices. Alternatively, a number of springs can differ from a number of first and / or second energy dissipation devices. Likewise, a number of first energy dissipation devices can correspond to or differ from a number of second energy dissipation devices.

[0036] The base body has a relatively high specific gravity and is made of solid material and / or is hollow. One surface of the base body can be flat. Alternatively, the surface of the base body can have at least one support surface on which the spring and / or the first energy dissipation device are arranged.

[0037] In one embodiment, at least one inertial mass device is arranged on the base body. The inertial mass device is spaced apart from an outer surface of the base body and, in particular, has a high specific gravity. The inertial mass device can be rigidly and / or movably arranged on the base body. Additionally or alternatively, the inertial mass device can be associated with the first spring and / or the first energy dissipation device. Advantageously, the inertial mass device increases the mass inertia of the base body, particularly with respect to rotation induced by the kinetic energy of the shaft, thus increasing the energy recovery rate.

[0038] The first energy dissipation device is arranged at a distance from the first spring. Additionally or alternatively, the first energy dissipation device can be associated with the first spring. In an alternative embodiment, the first energy dissipation device can be arranged within the first spring. In this case, the arrangement of the spring on the inner wall of the hollow body can be achieved indirectly via the first energy dissipation device. In other words, the first spring surrounds the first energy dissipation device along a longitudinal extent of the first energy dissipation device, with a gap between the first energy dissipation device and the first spring, so that essentially no friction occurs during a relative movement of the first energy dissipation device with respect to the first spring. In one embodiment, the sleeve can correspond to the first spring.

[0039] During use of the device, at a first point in time, a first kinetic energy acts on the hollow body of the device in a first direction, thereby accelerating the device in that direction. Due to its inertia, the base body is deflected from its equilibrium position in a second direction opposite to the first. The first spring and the first energy dissipation device also act in the first direction and / or in a second direction opposite to the first.

[0040] In particular, the deflection causes the length of the first energy dissipation device to change as the essentially rigid permanent magnet moves relative to the sleeve. In this way, electrical energy is generated by means of the first energy dissipation device. Simultaneously, the length of the spring changes. At a second point in time, the spring drives the base body towards its rest position, whereby the length of the spring changes again and a movement of the permanent magnet is induced once more, in the opposite direction to the first movement, which is accompanied by a further generation of electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is essentially less than the kinetic energy acting on the device, but dependent on the kinetic energy acting on the device, so that the kinetic energy is, in particular, partially converted into electrical energy by means of the device according to the invention.

[0041] Additionally or alternatively, the permanent magnet and / or the sleeve can be flexible and / or elastic, thus advantageously enabling the base body to be deflected in at least a first spatial direction and a second spatial direction.

[0042] A large positive and / or negative relative acceleration between the base body and the hollow body is advantageous to cause movement of the permanent magnet relative to the sleeve, thereby generating energy.

[0043] By restricting the device's freedom of movement, an accelerated hollow body can be abruptly decelerated, thereby advantageously increasing the energy recovery rate. For implementation, attachment points can be arranged on an outer surface of the hollow body, to which connecting elements such as ropes, lines, cables, or cords can be attached to connect at least two hollow bodies and / or the hollow body and a fixed structure, such as a frame. A lattice structure of multiple hollow bodies can also be realized in this way.

[0044] The hollow bodies are pre-positioned by restricting their freedom of movement and / or are additionally subjected to external positive and / or negative accelerations from neighboring hollow bodies and / or the solid structure. Advantageously, various lattice structures can be realized in this way, particularly following the model of crystal lattices defined by solid-state physics and / or by applying the geometries of Platonic solids, in which a connecting element joins at least two hollow bodies and / or a frame structure with at least one hollow body.

[0045] In one embodiment, the first energy dissipation device is a linear generator.

[0046] The first spring can be made of metal and / or plastic. Additionally or alternatively, the first spring can be a tension spring and / or a compression spring. Finally, the first spring can be a spiral spring and / or a helical spring, particularly one made of wound wire, which is primarily subjected to torsion. Advantageously, one embodiment of the first spring corresponds to an embodiment of the device such that an optimal energy efficiency is achieved.

[0047] The first energy dissipation device comprises, in particular, a sleeve at a first end with a coil arranged along the longitudinal extent of the sleeve, and at a second end a permanent magnet, in particular a rod-shaped one, inserted into and movable within the sleeve. The permanent magnet can additionally or alternatively be cylindrical or ring-shaped along its longitudinal extent. In one embodiment, the permanent magnet can comprise two permanent magnets. Advantageously, movement of the permanent magnet within the sleeve generates electrical energy due to induction.

[0048] Due to the permanent magnet's movable position within the sleeve, the length of the first energy dissipation device is variable. This variable length of the first energy dissipation device also allows for relative movement of the base body relative to the hollow body.

[0049] In one embodiment, the device additionally features a second energy dissipation device. This second energy dissipation device can be configured, in particular, as a generator with an electromagnet for generating electrical energy. The generator of the second energy dissipation device is formed, in particular, by a sleeve-like coil with a wound conductor arranged at a first end of the second energy dissipation device, and by a rod-shaped electromagnet inserted into the sleeve at a second end and movable therein, serving as the coil core. The electromagnet is advantageously ferromagnetic. Relative movement between the electromagnet and the coil of the second energy dissipation device advantageously generates further dissipable electrical energy due to induction.The electromagnet can be supplied with electrical energy, which can be adjusted. By supplying the electromagnet with electrical energy, its magnetic field can be influenced, thereby allowing for adjustable movement between the electromagnet and the coil. Depending on the applied electrical energy, this movement can be continuously adjusted, particularly between stiff and loose.

[0050] In one embodiment, the second energy dissipation device can be arranged directly opposite the first energy dissipation device on the base body. Advantageously, kinetic energy acting on the device and affecting the first energy dissipation device can be redirected into vibration damping acting on the base body by applying a current to the second energy dissipation device, thus advantageously protecting the device from breakage or material fatigue, particularly when subjected to very high kinetic energies.

[0051] In one embodiment, the device may comprise only first energy dissipation devices and at least one spring. Additionally or alternatively, the device may comprise a second first energy dissipation device and / or further first energy dissipation devices and / or a second second energy dissipation device and / or further second energy dissipation devices. The features and configurations of the second and further first energy dissipation devices and the second and further second energy dissipation devices correspond to the configurations of the first and second energy dissipation devices, respectively.

[0052] The second or further first energy dissipation device can be arranged on the base body in such a way as to allow advantageous mobility of the base body relative to the hollow body and / or inhibition of the base body's movement relative to the hollow body at high kinetic energies. In one embodiment, the respective permanent magnets move both when the base body is deflected in the first direction and when it is deflected in the second direction, as well as when the base body returns to its rest position, thereby generating electrical energy in each instance. The number and arrangement of the first and second energy dissipation devices and / or springs can advantageously optimize the device's operating range, which depends on the kinetic energy.

[0053] The multitude of springs, first and / or second energy dissipation devices can be arranged with their respective first ends equidistant from each other across the outer surface of the base body and / or with their respective second ends equidistant from each other across the inner surface of the hollow body. In other words, the respective springs and / or the respective first and / or second energy dissipation devices are equidistant from each other.

[0054] In one embodiment, a tetrahedral geometry can be applied to the shape of the base body to define the optimal placement points for the springs, first and / or second energy dissipation devices on the outer surface of the base body and / or the inner surface of the hollow body. Additionally or alternatively, a geometry of a Platonic solid and / or further polyhedra can be applied to the shape of the base body. In this way, a highly symmetrical arrangement of the springs and energy dissipation devices can advantageously be achieved. Thus, the placement points, also called anchor points, of the energy dissipation device(s) as well as of the spring(s) are uniformly distributed across the symmetry of the spherical surface of both the base body and the hollow sphere, and / or uniformly distributed relative to each other.Furthermore, it is advantageous that a number of energy dissipation devices can be selected independently of a number of springs, so that the number of energy dissipation devices can differ from the number of springs.

[0055] Further embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

[0056] In another aspect, the problem is solved by an energy conversion system according to claim 10 and in a third aspect by a fluid-flowed wave utilization system according to claim 11.

[0057] The characteristics and advantages described for the subject of the first aspect apply accordingly to the second and third aspects.

[0058] A "wave energy plant" is a power plant for generating electrical energy from wave-induced kinetic energy. The frame is permeable to fluid and has at least one wave inlet and one wave outlet, whereby the wave inlet can also function as a wave outlet and vice versa. The frame can be rectangular and / or have another polyhedral shape. In particular, all surfaces of the frame are permeable to fluid. Each surface of the frame can be configured as a wave inlet and / or wave outlet, whereby the functional assignment as a wave inlet and / or wave outlet can differ between a first and a second time point, even without any change to the frame and / or its elements.To regulate the quantity, direction, and / or velocity of the inflowing and / or outflowing fluid, the frame can have at least one regulating device, which is arranged, in particular, on a surface of the frame. This regulation advantageously enables the system to operate even under high wave energies. The frame can be partially and / or completely submerged.

[0059] The "first energy absorption device" can comprise a hollow body and a base body arranged centrally within the hollow body, wherein the base body is supported, in particular, at least by means of a first spring and a first energy dissipation device of variable length associated with the first spring but spatially spaced apart from it. The support is provided, in particular, at anchor points. The anchor points can have hinges. The anchor points can be arranged on an outer surface of the base body and / or an inner wall of the hollow body.

[0060] Based on the model of crystal lattices defined by solid-state physics, or by applying the geometries of Platonic solids, various lattice structures can be defined in which a rope connects two hollow spheres.

[0061] The hollow body is essentially spherical, in particular a hollow sphere, and may additionally or alternatively have an opening, in particular a loading and / or maintenance opening, which may be temporarily closable, in particular fluid-tight.

[0062] The energy dissipation device comprises, in particular, a sleeve and a coil arranged thereon, as well as a rod-shaped working magnet inserted into and movable within the sleeve. The working magnet can be a permanent magnet and / or an electromagnet. Energy dissipation devices with an electromagnet can, in particular, be energized by means of energy generated by an energy dissipation device with a permanent magnet and, in particular, have a mobility of the working magnet relative to the sleeve that can be adjusted by means of the energizing of the electromagnet, so that such energy dissipation devices can advantageously be used to dampen kinetic energy to which an energy absorption device is subjected, especially in the case of very large impulses.Energy dissipation devices with a permanent magnet as the working magnet or an electromagnet generate electrical energy when the working magnet moves along a longitudinal extension of the sleeve. The movement of the working magnet relative to the sleeve is induced, in particular, by a deflection of the base body from its rest position. This deflection is caused, in particular, by the action of an external force on the hollow body, especially the kinetic energy of a fluid wave, which acts as an accelerating force on the first energy absorption device.

[0063] The spring can, in particular, have a diameter that differs from the outer diameter of the energy dissipation devices, so that the assembly of the system, e.g., by means of a spring stiffness, ideally has a lower complexity.

[0064] The first energy absorption device can additionally or alternatively comprise a second spring and / or a second energy dissipation device associated with the second spring, and in particular spatially spaced from it and of variable length, which also supports the base body against the inner wall of the hollow body. Additionally or alternatively, the first energy absorption device can comprise a plurality of springs and / or a plurality of variable-length energy dissipation devices that support the base body against the inner wall of the hollow body. An arrangement of the plurality of springs and / or an arrangement of the energy dissipation devices can be equidistantly distributed over an outer surface of the base body and the inner surface of the hollow body, so that energy recovery is advantageously achieved regardless of the direction of deflection of the base body relative to the hollow body.All energy dissipation devices can use a permanent magnet as the working magnet. Additionally or alternatively, all energy dissipation devices can use an electromagnet as the working magnet.

[0065] In one embodiment, the first energy absorption device can comprise at least one energy dissipation device with a permanent magnet as the working magnet and at least one energy dissipation device with an electromagnet as the working magnet, which are arranged in such a way that one direction of action of the energy dissipation device with the electromagnet corresponds at least partially to one direction of action of the energy dissipation device with the permanent magnet. A particularly predefined proportion of the energy generated by the at least one energy dissipation device with a permanent magnet can be introduced to energize the electromagnet of the energy dissipation device with an electromagnet, so that the at least one electromagnet is excited depending on the wave energy acting on the system. Advantageously, with increasing wave energy, the energy generated is increased accordingly.As the magnitude of the impulse acting on the base body increases, a greater distribution of the resulting mechanical force application to additional anchor points can be achieved, thereby reducing the stress on the affected anchor points. Furthermore, the energy dissipation devices with permanent magnets in the above embodiment can advantageously be operated within their ideal operating range over a broad wave energy spectrum.

[0066] In one embodiment, a tetrahedral geometry can be applied to the shape of the base body to define the optimal anchor points. Additionally or alternatively, a geometry of a Platonic solid and / or other polyhedra can be applied to the shape of the base body. In this way, a highly symmetrical arrangement of the springs and energy dissipation devices can advantageously be achieved. Thus, both the anchor points of the energy dissipation device(s) and the anchor points of the spring(s) are uniformly distributed across the symmetry of the spherical surface, both of the base body and the hollow sphere, and / or uniformly distributed relative to each other. Furthermore, it is advantageously possible to select a number of energy dissipation devices independently of the number of springs, so that the number of energy dissipation devices can differ from the number of springs.

[0067] The springs and / or the plurality of springs are arranged between the hollow body and the base body, in particular such that the geometric center axes of the spring(s) do not coincide with the center axes of the energy dissipation device(s). Additionally or alternatively, the springs are oriented radially to a center point of the base body, which essentially corresponds to the center point of the hollow body. Advantageously, this arrangement prevents friction between the spring(s) and a surface of the energy dissipation device(s).

[0068] The uniform distribution of the anchor points at which the spring or springs and / or the energy dissipation device or energy dissipation devices contact the hollow sphere and / or the base body advantageously achieves optimal energy recovery, optimal deflection capability, and optimal return of the base body from and to the rest position.

[0069] The second energy absorption device has the same features and advantages as the first energy absorption device.

[0070] A first connecting element connects, in particular, a first energy-absorbing device to a second energy-absorbing device. A second connecting element connects, in particular, the first energy-absorbing device to a frame of the wave-utilizing system. A third connecting element connects, in particular, the second energy-absorbing device to the frame of the wave-utilizing system. The first connecting element, the second connecting element, and / or the third connecting element, in particular, provides tensile resistance and exhibits essentially no compressive resistance, like a rope, a line, a cable, and / or a non-rigid cable. Additionally or alternatively, the first connecting element, the second connecting element, and / or the third connecting element may be rigid or elastic.In one embodiment, the first, second, and / or third connecting element corresponds to an electrical conductor, surrounds the electrical conductor, and / or makes contact with the electrical conductor. The connecting elements are arranged, in particular, at connection points located on the outer surface of the energy-accumulating devices. The connecting elements can, in particular, be ropes, lines, cables, and / or electrical cables.

[0071] In one embodiment, a multitude of energy dissipation devices are grouped into a "subgroup" by being connected to one another using rigid connectors. A multitude of subgroups can, in turn, be connected by connecting elements that exclusively absorb tensile forces. In this way, large areas can advantageously be used for energy generation, and an optimal configuration of the wave energy system can be achieved.

[0072] A high relative acceleration between the base body and the hollow body is advantageous to induce a high-speed relative motion that acts on the energy dissipation devices. For this purpose, additional attachment points can be arranged on the outer surface of the first energy dissipation device as anchor points, to which ropes, lines, cables, and / or electrical cables can be attached, so that two first energy dissipation devices can be connected to each other, a multitude of energy dissipation devices to each other, and / or energy dissipation devices to a frame. The first energy dissipation devices are pre-positioned by the grid structure thus realized, particularly during the initial rolling of a wave, and move within the wave in different directions through interactions initiated by the connections. These connections, such as ropes, lines, cables, and / or electrical cables, allow for the transmission of energy to the waves.In other words, the cable provides a predefined range of motion, at the end of which the energy dissipation devices are essentially stopped abruptly by means of the connections.

[0073] Further embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

[0074] In one embodiment, the first energy-accumulating device, the second energy-accumulating device, and / or the plurality of energy-accumulating devices are connected, particularly by means of an electrical conductor, to an electrical energy storage device and / or an electrical network, and supply the acquired electrical energy to it. In this way, the acquired electrical energy is advantageously made usable.

[0075] A "movement area" is defined in particular as a linear, planar and / or spatially extended area. It is understood that the area in which the first energy absorption device, second energy absorption device, and / or further energy absorption device assigned to the respective movement area can be located is defined. The movement area is specifically limited. This limitation can be achieved by means of the first connecting element, the second connecting element, the third connecting element, and / or by means of a frame of the wave utilization system.The limitation of the range of motion of the first energy absorption device, second energy absorption device and / or further energy absorption device advantageously achieves, after a wave-induced acceleration of the first energy absorption device, second energy absorption device and / or further energy absorption device in a first direction, a negative acceleration of the first energy absorption device, second energy absorption device and / or further energy absorption device in a second direction, in which the base bodies of the first energy absorption device, second energy absorption device and / or further energy absorption device are again deflected and electrical energy is generated.

[0076] The design of the first energy absorption device and / or second energy absorption device, in particular the number and / or arrangement of springs and energy dissipation devices, can correspond to a design of the movement area.

[0077] In one embodiment, the movement space of an energy-absorbing device, limited by the connecting elements and / or the frame, extends essentially linearly in a first spatial direction, and the energy-absorbing device is equipped with a spring and an energy-dissipating device to generate electrical energy when the energy-absorbing device is accelerated in the first spatial direction by means of the energy-dissipating device. Advantageously, such an energy-absorbing device has a small number of elements and is therefore easy to manufacture and cost-effective.

[0078] In a further embodiment, the movement space of an energy absorption device, limited by the connecting elements and / or the frame, extends essentially planarly in the first spatial direction and in a second spatial direction, and the energy absorption device is equipped with at least two springs and two energy dissipation devices in order to generate electrical energy by means of the energy dissipation devices when the energy absorption device is accelerated in the first spatial direction and / or the second spatial direction.

[0079] In a further embodiment, the movement space of an energy absorption device, limited by the connecting elements and / or the frame, is essentially spherical, in particular elliptical, and the energy absorption device is equipped with at least four springs and four energy dissipation devices to generate electrical energy by means of the energy dissipation devices when the energy absorption device is accelerated in any spatial direction and / or when the energy absorption device is rotated. Advantageously, a high energy recovery rate is achieved by means of such an energy absorption device.

[0080] An acceleration of the energy absorption device in the first spatial direction can be essentially induced by a wave-induced change in the height of the fluid; an acceleration of the energy absorption device in the second and / or third spatial direction can be essentially induced by translational wave motion energy, particularly in the direction of wave propagation, and / or rotational wave motion energy.

[0081] The orientation of the energy capture device(s) within the framework can correspond to and / or be adjustable with respect to the expected wave energy. Advantageously, by orienting the wave utilization system in relation to the current environmental conditions, in particular the prevailing direction of wave energy, the energy recovery rate can be increased.

[0082] By arranging a large number of energy absorption devices in a lattice structure, an optimized utilization of wave-induced acceleration as well as element-induced accelerations is advantageously achieved. The element-induced acceleration results in particular from the connections between the energy absorption devices and / or with the frame of the wave utilization system.

[0083] In an alternative embodiment, the multiple energy absorption devices can be freely movably arranged in the area between the wave inlet and the wave outlet. The frame can be designed to hold the energy absorption devices in place. The frame can have a predefined degree of mobility relative to the surroundings of the wave utilization system, enabling energy generation, particularly by means of kinetic wave energy acting on the energy absorption devices, as well as kinetic energy induced by the movement of the frame relative to its surroundings and acting on the energy absorption devices.Additionally or alternatively, the energy absorption devices can have a predefined buoyancy, so that their relative position in a rest position within the frame, which is in particular arranged at a fixed position, is predetermined and an acceleration of the energy absorption devices is induced by a kinetic energy of the fluid and a restriction of the mobility of the energy absorption devices by means of the frame.

[0084] In one embodiment, the wave utilization system includes an adjustable wave regulator. Advantageously, the adjustable wave regulator allows for the control of fluid flow into and / or within the wave utilization system.

[0085] Furthermore, the essentially complete closure of the adjustable shaft regulator offers the advantage of protecting the shaft utilization system under particularly harsh environmental conditions.

[0086] The invention will now be explained using exemplary embodiments. These will show... Figure 1 a schematic representation of a first wave energy converter, Figure 2 a schematic representation of a second wave energy converter, Figure 3 a schematic representation of a third wave energy converter, Figure 4 a schematic representation of a fourth wave energy converter, Figure 5 a schematic representation of an energy conversion system, as well as Figure 6 A schematic representation of a wave energy utilization system. Figure 7 a schematic cross-sectional representation of an early wave power plant, Figure 8 a schematic representation of a movement range of a first energy absorption device, Figure 9 a schematic representation of the respective movement ranges of a first and a second energy absorption device, Figure 10a schematic representation of lamellae as wave regulators at the first wave power plant, Figure 11 a schematic representation of a movable wall as a wave regulator at the first wave power plant, Figure 12 a schematic representation of a second wave power plant, as well as Figure 13 a schematic representation of a third wave power plant.

[0087] A first wave energy converter 101a has a hollow sphere 103. An inertial mass 105 is arranged in a rest position in the center of the hollow sphere 103 by means of a first linear generator 108 and a first helical spring 107, supporting the inertial mass 105 against an inner wall I of the hollow sphere 103. The first linear generator 108 comprises a first sleeve with coil 109a, which is arranged on the inner wall I, and a first working magnet 109b movably arranged in the first sleeve with coil 109a.

[0088] It seems like it's in Figure 1b)As depicted, kinetic energy induced by a wave motion of water W in a first direction F1 is applied to the hollow sphere 103, causing the inertial mass 105 to be deflected in a second direction F2. Angular ranges between directions F1 and F2 are also covered. During this process, the first helical spring 107 shortens and the first working magnet 109b extends out of the first sleeve containing the coil 109a, thereby generating electrical energy.

[0089] The inertial mass 105 of a second wave energy converter 101b is supported against an inner wall I of the hollow sphere 103 by means of a second linear generator 118 and a second helical spring 117, in addition to the first helical spring 107 and the first linear generator 108. The second helical spring 117 and the second linear generator 118 are arranged on the inertial mass 105 at a different position than the first spring 107 and the first linear generator 108, in particular acting in the opposite direction to them, so that when the inertial mass 105 is deflected, also called moved, electrical energy is generated both in the first direction F1 and the second direction F2 by means of the first linear generator 108, and in a third direction F3 and a fourth direction F4 perpendicular to these by means of the second linear generator 118. Angle ranges between directions F1, F2, F3, F4 are also covered.

[0090] In addition, a second inertial mass 111 is arranged on the inertial mass 105 of the second wave energy converter 101b, which in particular realizes an imbalance, in particular an increase in the rotational inertia, of the inertial mass 105 and thus increases a deflection effect of a rotational kinetic energy on the inertial mass 105.

[0091] The inertial mass 105 of a third wave energy converter 101c is supported against the inner wall I of the hollow sphere 103 by a first helical spring 107, a first linear generator 108 and a first damper 128, acting in particular as a second energy dissipation device.

[0092] The first damper 128 comprises a coil wound in a sleeve, which is arranged on the inner wall I of the hollow sphere 103, and an electromagnet movably mounted within the coil. Electrical energy is generated by induction through a relative movement of the electromagnet with respect to the coil. The force required to achieve this relative movement is adjustable by energizing the electromagnet. The electromagnet can be energized by a portion of the current generated by the first linear generator 108, so that the first damper 128 dampens movement of the inertial mass 105, particularly within predefined load ranges, depending on the energy generated. The current transfer can be triggered by defined threshold values. The proportion of the transferred current can be a percentage, increase linearly, or increase exponentially.

[0093] In a non-restrictive example, the connection points of the first linear generator 108 and the first damper 128 are subjected to a minimum axial force of 5 N and a maximum axial force of 10 N relative to the inner wall I and the inertial mass 105 during ideal operation of the linear generator. The wave energy converter 101c can also be designed such that the generators of the linear generator 108 and / or the first damper 128 would tend to overheat under continuous application of a force with an amplitude of 13 N, and / or the connection points of the linear generator 108 and / or the first damper 128 would reach their load limit under application of a force with an amplitude of 15 N. According to the design, the electromagnet of the first damper 128 could be controlled from an amplitude of 6N, so that the axial force at the connection points of the linear generator 108 and / or the first damper 128 is a maximum of 8N.The control variable can be determined exponentially, linearly and / or as a percentage relative to the size of the amplitude.

[0094] The inertial mass 105 of a fourth wave energy converter 101d is supported against an inner wall I of the hollow sphere 103 by the first helical spring 107, the second helical spring 117, the first linear generator 108, and the second linear generator 118, as well as additionally by means of a first damper 128 and a second damper (not shown), acting in particular as a second energy dissipation device. The second damper is constructed like the first damper 128. Two second inertial masses 111 are arranged on the inertial mass 105.The linear generators 108, 118 and the first damper 128 with the second damper, in their interaction, enable the deflection of the inertial mass 105 when kinetic energy acts on the fourth wave energy converter 101d, and consequently generate electrical energy by means of the linear generators 108, 118 and the first damper 128 as well as the second damper, and ensure that a maximum deflection of the inertial mass 105 and a maximum load on the connection points of the linear generators 108, 118 and the first damper 128 as well as the second damper on the hollow sphere 103 and the inertial mass 105 are maintained by means of damping by the first damper 128 and second damper.

[0095] An energy conversion system 131 comprises a second wave energy converter 101b, a cable 135, and a battery 133 for storing electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is transferred from the second wave energy converter 101b to the battery 133 via the cable 135. The cable 135 electrically connects the first linear generator 108 and the second linear generator 118 to the battery 133. The battery 133 can be connected to an electrical supply network and / or to a load.

[0096] If an energy conversion system is formed from third wave energy converters 101c and / or fourth wave energy converters 101d, the generated electrical energy can also be transferred (not shown) from the linear generator(s) 108, 118 and the first damper 128 and / or the second damper to a battery, a consumer and / or an electrical network by means of electrical connectors.

[0097] A wave utilization facility 141 exhibits in the Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, three second wave energy converters 101b are connected to the battery 133 by means of cables 135. The three second wave energy converters 101b are attached on both sides to a frame 143, which is completely covered by water W, by means of elastic suspensions 145. The water W flows through the frame 143, so that wave energy acts on the three second wave energy converters 101b, which thereby generate electrical energy and supply it to the battery 133. The elastic suspensions 145 limit the respective movement space of the second wave energy converters 101b.

[0098] A first wave power plant 201a is completely submerged in water W and is covered by waves. The first wave power plant 201a has a frame 203 with a wave inlet 207 and a wave outlet 209, such that the waves propagate in a wave propagation direction 205 from the wave inlet 207 to the wave outlet 209 in the first wave power plant 201a.

[0099] Within the frame 203, a first energy absorption device 211 is connected to two opposing walls of the frame 203 by means of two elastic connectors 217a. Furthermore, a second energy absorption device 213 is connected to the first energy absorption device 211 by means of a cable 217b.

[0100] The first energy absorption device 211 has an ellipsoidal first movement area B1, and the second energy absorption device 213 has an ellipsoidal second movement area B2. The main direction of movement of the first energy absorption device 211 and the second energy absorption device 213 is vertically oriented, while a second and third direction of movement is horizontally oriented.

[0101] The first energy absorption device 211 comprises a hollow body 233 with a base body 227, which is arranged essentially centrally within the hollow body in a rest position and has a high specific gravity. The base body 227 is supported by an inner wall of the hollow body 233 by means of two energy converters 225 arranged on the base body 227 and two springs. Each energy converter 225 has a linear generator of variable length, which has ball joints on both sides as connecting elements. The springs are each assigned to one of the energy converters 225 and are spatially spaced from it. They are attached to the base body 227 and the hollow body 233 by means of hooks and eyes. In this way, the base body 227 can be deflected from its rest position in any spatial direction and is returned to its rest position by the springs after deflection.

[0102] The deflection is caused in particular by a wave motion of the water W acting translationally or rotationally on the first energy absorption device 211, which leads to an acceleration of the first energy absorption device 211, as well as by a negative acceleration of a moving first energy absorption device 211 due to the elastic connectors 217a and, in each case, by the mobility of the base body 227 relative to the hollow body 233 and the inertia of the base body 227. During deflection, the length of the length-variable linear generators of the first energy absorption device 211 changes, thereby generating an electric current. In addition, an inertial mass 231 is arranged on the base body 227, which in particular increases the energy generation rate of a rotational force acting on the first energy absorption device 211.

[0103] The construction of the second energy absorption device 213 essentially corresponds to the construction of the first energy absorption device 211, wherein the deflection of the second energy absorption device 213, in particular of a second base body 235 of the second energy absorption device 213, is induced by the wave motion of the water W acting translationally or rotationally on the second energy absorption device 213, which leads to an acceleration of the second energy absorption device 213, as well as a positive or negative acceleration of a moving first energy absorption device 211, which acts on the second energy absorption device 213 by means of the rope 217b.

[0104] The linear generators of the second energy absorption device 213 are connected by means of an electrical conductor (not shown) and along the rope 217b to a cable 215, which connects the linear generators of the first energy absorption device 211 to a battery 223, so that the electrical energy generated by means of the first energy absorption device 211 and the second energy absorption device 213 flows to the battery 223 and is stored in the battery 223.

[0105] In one embodiment, the frame 203 has seven louvers 219 at the shaft inlet 207 and seven louvers 219 at the shaft outlet 209, acting as a wave regulator. The louvers 219 can be moved between an open and a closed position, thus allowing wave entry and propagation into the first wave power plant 201a and wave exit from the first wave power plant 201a to be adjusted. Alternatively, the frame 203 has a vertically displaceable wall 221 at the shaft inlet 207 and a vertically displaceable wall (not shown) at the shaft outlet 209, acting as a wave regulator, with the degree of opening of the displaceable walls 221 defining wave entry and propagation into the first wave power plant 201a and wave exit from the first wave power plant 201a.Alternatively, the movable wall can be horizontally movable or openable around a pivot axis like a door.

[0106] Alternatively, all surfaces of frame 203 can be permeated by water W. Additionally or alternatively, a wave inlet can also function as a wave outlet and vice versa. Frame 203 can be rectangular or have another polyhedral shape.

[0107] A second wave power plant 201b has a frame 203 completely surrounded by water W and first energy absorption devices 211 and second energy absorption devices 213 arranged in a lattice structure 237, wherein in particular the first energy absorption devices 211 and second energy absorption devices 213 are connected to each other and to the frame 203 in the vertical direction by means of elastic connectors 217a and to each other in the horizontal direction by means of ropes 217b.

[0108] The design of the energy absorption devices essentially corresponds to that of the first energy absorption device 211 and the second energy absorption device 213, such that deflection of the energy absorption devices, in particular of their respective base bodies, is induced by the translational or rotational wave motion of the water W acting on the energy absorption devices, which leads to an acceleration of the energy absorption devices, and / or by a positive or negative acceleration of a moving adjacent energy absorption device, which is transmitted by the elastic connectors 217a and / or the cables 217b. The energy absorption devices are also connected to an energy storage device by means of an electrical conductor (not shown) and transfer the generated energy to it.

[0109] A third wave power plant 201c has a frame 203 attached to a base G by means of elastic connectors 217a, within which a plurality of energy-absorbing devices are freely movable. The third wave power plant 201c is completely submerged W and is washed by waves. The energy-absorbing devices are positively or negatively accelerated by the wave motion and a movement of the frame 203, as well as by the limitation of their respective acceleration by neighboring energy-absorbing devices and the frame. This causes the respective base bodies of the energy-absorbing devices to be deflected, and the energy-absorbing devices generate electrical energy by means of linear generators. The energy-absorbing devices are connected to a power grid by means of electrical conductors (not shown) and feed the generated electrical energy into the power grid. Reference symbol list

[0110] 101a First wave energy converter 101b Second wave energy converter 101c Third wave energy converter 101d Fourth wave energy converter 103 Hollow sphere 105 Inertial mass 107 First helical spring 108 First linear generator 109a First sleeve with coil 109b First working magnet 111 Second inertial mass 117 Second helical spring 118 Second linear generator 119a Second sleeve with coil 119b Second working magnet 128 First damper 131 Energy conversion system 133 Battery 135 Cable 141 Wave utilization system 143 Frame 145 Elastic suspension F1 First direction F2 Second direction F3 Third direction F4 Fourth direction I Inner wall W Water 201a First wave power plant 201b Second wave power plant 201c Third wave power plant 203 Frame 205 Wave propagation direction 207 Wave inlet 209 Wave outlet 211 First energy absorption device 213 Second energy absorption device 215 Cable 217a Elastic connector 217b Rope 219 Slats 221 Movable wall 223 Battery 225Energy converter 227 Basic body 231 Inertial mass 233 Hollow body 235 Second basic body 237 Lattice structure W Water G Base B1 First range of motion B2 Second range of motion

Claims

1. Device (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) for converting kinetic energy, in particular wave energy of a fluid, into electrical energy, comprising a hollow body (103), a base body (105) arranged in a rest position substantially centrally within the hollow body (103), which is supported from an inner wall (I) of the hollow body (103) at least by means of a first spring (107, 117, 117b, 117c) and a length-variable first energy dissipation device (108) arranged, in particular at a distance from the first spring (107, 117, 117b, 117c), wherein the first energy dissipation device (108) has at a first end a sleeve (109a) with a coil arranged along the longitudinal extent of the sleeve (109a) and at a second end a coil inserted into the sleeve (109a). has a permanent magnet (109b) inserted and movable therein, wherein an electrical energy is generated when the permanent magnet (109b) moves along the longitudinal extent of the sleeve (109a),such that a first kinetic energy acting on the hollow body (103) at a first time accelerates the device (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) in a first direction (F1), whereby the base body (105) is deflected from its rest position in a second direction (F2) oriented essentially opposite to the first direction due to its inertia, thereby initiating a movement of the permanent magnet (109b) relative to the sleeve (109a) and thus the first kinetic energy is at least partially converted into electrical energy, . characterized by the fact that the first spring (107, 117, 117b, 117c) is arranged with a first end on the base body (105) and with a second end on the inner wall (I) of the hollow body (103).

2. Device (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) according to the preceding claim, wherein the base body (105) is additionally supported from the inner wall (I) of the hollow body (103) at least by means of a second energy dissipation device (118, 128), wherein the second energy dissipation device (118, 128) is designed as a further first energy dissipation device (108) and / or as a vibration damper (128), wherein the vibration damper (128) has a coil-wound conductor fixedly connected to a first end of the vibration damper (128) and a ferromagnetic coil core movably arranged relative to the conductor and fixedly connected to a second end of the vibration damper (128),wherein when the ferromagnetic coil core moves relative to the coil-wound conductor, the first kinetic energy is at least partially converted into electrical energy, and wherein a current flow applied to the ferromagnetic coil core influences the mobility of the coil core relative to the conductor.

3. Device (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) according to the preceding claim, wherein energy generated by the first energy dissipation device (108) realizes at least partially, in particular with a predefined proportion, the current flow applied to the vibration damper (128).

4. Device (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first spring (107, 117, 117b, 117c) comprises metal and / or plastic and is a compression spring and / or a tension spring, in particular a spiral spring and / or a helical spring.

5. Device (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first end and the second end of the first spring (107, 117, 117b, 117c), the first end and the second end of the first energy dissipation device (108), in particular the sleeve (109a) and the permanent magnet (109b), and / or the first end and the second end of the second energy dissipation device (118, 128) are each arranged by means of a ball joint, a hook that can be hooked into an eyelet and / or a screwable fastening means, in particular axially positioned on the inner wall (I) of the hollow body (103) and / or on the base body (105).

6. Device (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first energy dissipation device (108) is a first linear generator.

7. Device (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the hollow body (103) is a hollow sphere and / or any polyhedron and / or wherein the base body (105) is a solid sphere and / or any polyhedron.

8. Device (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) according to the preceding claim, wherein the device comprises a plurality of first springs (107, 117, 117b, 117c), a plurality of first energy dissipation devices (108) and a plurality of second energy dissipation devices (128), wherein the aforementioned elements are arranged substantially equidistant from one another over an outer surface of the base body (105) and an inner surface (I) of the hollow body (103).

9. Device (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one inertial mass device (111) is additionally arranged on the base body (105) spaced apart from the base body (105), which increases the mass inertia of the base body (105) in particular with respect to rotation, so that an energy recovery rate is increased.

10. Energy conversion system (131) comprising at least one device (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) according to one of claims 1 to 9 and an energy storage device (133) which is connected by means of an electrical conductor (135) to at least the first energy dissipation device (108) and / or the second energy dissipation device (118, 128) and receives, transmits and / or stores electrical energy obtained by means of at least the first energy dissipation device (108) and / or the second energy dissipation device (118, 128).

11. Fluid-flowed wave utilization system (141) comprising a plurality of devices (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, at least one holding device (143, 145) for holding the plurality of devices (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) and an energy storage device (133) which is connected to respective electrical conductors (135) with energy dissipation devices (108, 118, 128) of the plurality of devices (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d) and receives, transmits and / or stores the electrical energy obtained by means of the plurality of devices (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d), wherein the wave utilization system (141) is configured by means of the at least one holding device (143, 145) to limit a respective and / or a common movement space of the plurality of devices (101a, 101b, 101c, 101d).

12. Wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) for generating electrical energy from the kinetic wave energy of a fluid (W), comprising a frame (203) through which the fluid (W) flows, with a wave inlet (207) and a wave outlet (209), and at least a first energy absorption device (211) and a second energy absorption device (213), which are arranged in a region between the wave inlet (207) and the wave outlet (209) and generate electrical energy when they are accelerated, characterized by the fact thatthe first energy absorption device (211) is connected to the second energy absorption device (213) by means of a first connecting element (217a, 217b) and / or the first energy absorption device (211) is connected to the frame (203) of the wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) by means of a second connecting element (217a, 217b) and / or the second energy absorption device (213) is connected to the frame (203) of the wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) by means of a third connecting element (217a, 217b), such that a predefined range of motion (B1, B2) of the second energy absorption device (213) relative to the first energy absorption device (211) and / or the second energy absorption device (213) and / or the first energy absorption device (211) is or are connected by means of the first connecting element (217a, 217b), the second connecting element (217a, 217b) and / or the third connecting element (217a, 217b) is defined by means of the first connecting element (217a, 217b), the second connecting element (217a, 217b) and / or the third connecting element (217a, 217b) The energy absorption device (211) is realized opposite the frame (203).

13. Wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) according to claim 12, wherein the first connecting element (217a, 217b), the second connecting element (217a, 217b) and / or the third connecting element (217a, 217b) is designed as a tensile force-absorbing connection, such that the predefined range of motion is realized by means of the design and / or the interaction of the first connecting element (217a, 217b), the second connecting element (217a, 217b) and / or the third connecting element (217a, 217b).

14. Wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the predefined movement area (B1, B2) extends in a first spatial direction, which is oriented in particular orthogonally to a wave propagation direction (205) from the wave inlet (207) to the wave outlet (209), in a second spatial direction oriented perpendicular to the first spatial direction, which is oriented in particular in the wave propagation direction (205), and / or in a third spatial direction oriented perpendicular to the first spatial direction and second spatial direction.

15. Wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of energy absorption devices (211, 213) are provided in the area between the wave inlet (207) and the wave outlet (209).

16. Wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) according to claim 15, wherein the plurality of energy absorption devices (211, 213) are arranged in a lattice structure (237) by means of respective connecting elements (217a, 217b) and a respective movement range (B1, B2) of the plurality of energy absorption devices (211, 213) within the lattice structure (237) is realized by means of the connecting elements (217a, 217b) being designed as tensile force-absorbing, flexible and / or bendable connecting elements (217a, 217b), such that energy generation by means of kinetic wave energy and interaction of movements of the energy absorption devices (211, 213) and / or connecting elements (217a, 217b) is realized and / or wherein the connections of the energy absorption devices (211, 213) within the lattice structure (237) are elastic and a movement range of the Energy absorption devices (211,213) is realized by means of a predefined mobility of the lattice structure (237) relative to the frame (203) of the wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c), such that energy generation is induced by means of kinetic wave energy and movement of the lattice structure (237) relative to the frame (203).

17. Wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame (203) is arranged to float in the fluid (W) and / or wherein the frame (203) is arranged directly or indirectly on a bottom surface (G) on which the fluid (W) is present with a fill level, wherein the frame (203) is completely and / or partially covered by the fluid (W) along its height.

18. Wave energy utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first energy absorption device (211) and / or the second energy absorption device (213) has or have a respective electrical conductor (215) for discharging a generated electrical energy and / or wherein the first energy absorption device (211) and / or the second energy absorption device (213) is or are connected by means of the respective electrical conductor (215) to a storage device (223) for electrical energy and / or a power supply network and feeds or feeds the generated electrical energy into the storage device (223) and / or the electrical power supply network.

19. Wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wave inlet (207) and / or the wave outlet (209) has an adjustable wave regulator (219, 221) so that wave entry into the wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c), wave propagation in the wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) and / or wave exit from the wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) is controllable.

20. Wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) according to claim 19, wherein the adjustable wave regulator (219, 221) is a movable front wall (221) and / or rear wall and / or has rotatable louvers (219), wherein a reflectance of the adjustable wave regulator (219, 221) corresponds to a position of the movable front wall (221) and / or rear wall and / or to a position of the louvers (219).

21. Wave utilization system (201a, 201b, 201c) according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the adjustable wave regulator (219, 221) is automatically adjustable by means of a control device, in particular adaptable to current wave energy conditions.

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