Suspension head, and formwork system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a suspension head (13) for movably guiding a support rail (12) of a support structure (8) for a formwork (10) for concreting a concrete part which projects laterally from a reference edge (2a) of a construction element (2) of a building, having holding elements provided on the construction element (2) spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction (x) of the reference edge (2a), wherein the suspension head (13) can be arranged in a detachably fixed manner on one of the holding elements in such a way that a load of the support structure (8) transferred to the suspension head (13) via the support rail (12) can be introduced into the construction element (2) of the building (1) via the suspension head (13) and the holding element, wherein the suspension head (13) is further designed to movably guide the support rail (12) in the longitudinal direction (x) in the guided state, and wherein a support arm (14) extends from a frame (21) of the suspension head (13) and is designed to be supported against a wall (15a) of the construction element (2), when the suspension head (13) is fixed on one of the holding elements. The invention further relates to a corresponding formwork system with the formwork (10) having the support structure (8), the support rail (12), suspension heads (13) and holding elements.

Description

[0001] Suspension head and formwork system

[0002] The invention relates to a suspension head for the movable guidance of a support rail of a supporting structure for a formwork, and to a formwork system comprising the supporting structure for the formwork, a plurality of suspension heads guided on holding elements and the support rail guided in the suspension heads.

[0003] During the construction of buildings, components that protrude laterally from a reference edge of a structure, particularly those that cantilever, can be concreted using formwork that can be guided along the reference edge by means of a supporting structure. The supporting structure is attached to a support rail, which is held in place by suspension heads arranged on the structure. As concreting progresses, the supporting structure is guided along the reference edge by the rail. The suspension heads are reusable and are removed after completion of the building or a construction phase. This type of supporting structure is also referred to as a bottom-mounted formwork carriage.

[0004] Such a construction technique is typically used in bridge construction, where long structural sections, particularly roadways or roadway substructures, are concreted, which often include laterally projecting roadway sections.

[0005] To transfer stresses, particularly the concreting load on the formwork, additional tie rods are often used. These are connected between the formwork carriage and a support structure in the form of scaffolding, which is to be erected on the building or a shell structure. The tie rods must be detached from the support structure each time the formwork carriage is moved and reattached at a different location. This often requires the assembly and dismantling of scaffolding elements along with the formwork carriage. Such supporting structures must also be provided on top of the building and often span its width, thus being located in the same area where other work often needs to be carried out.

[0006] One object of the present invention is to enable the production of a concrete part that protrudes laterally from a reference edge of a building structure, in particular a cantilevered concrete part, by means of a movable supporting structure for a formwork using a suspension that is so stable and rigid that all loads are transferred and that simultaneously allows any desired positioning of the formwork in the longitudinal direction for concreting. In particular, one object of the invention is to find such a suspension that eliminates the need for a scaffolding structure, particularly one that is to be erected in the upper region of the building or spans it, for fastening tension anchors to absorb a concreting load.

[0007] The object is achieved, at least in part, by a suspension head having the features of claim 1 and a formwork system having the features of independent claim 11. Preferred embodiments and advantageous developments of the invention form the subject matter of the subclaims.

[0008] One aspect of the invention is a suspension head for movably guiding a support rail of a load-bearing structure for formwork, in particular in the form of a bottom-moving formwork carriage, for concreting a concrete part that projects laterally, in particular cantilevers, from a reference edge of a building structure. The suspension head is designed to be releasably fixable on one of several holding elements that are provided on the building structure along the reference edge at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the reference edge, such that a load of the load-bearing structure transferred via the support rail to the suspension head, in particular its dead weight and a concreting load of the formwork, can be introduced into the building structure via the suspension head and the holding element. The suspension head is further designed to guide the support rail movably in the longitudinal direction of the structure when guided.According to the invention, a support arm extends from a frame of the suspension head and is designed to be supported against a wall of the building structure when the suspension head is fixed to one of the holding elements.

[0009] For the purposes of the invention, “movable” can be understood to mean all types of displaceable or movable or the like; in particular, it means a linear movement along the reference edge. It is understood that in practice, parts of the formwork carriage can fulfil multiple functions and can also structurally overlap. For example, a formwork, such as a formwork panel, can be designed in such a way that it also contributes to the load-bearing capacity, particularly if it is firmly screwed to a frame. The support rail can be firmly welded to a frame or screwed to it via a connecting element. For the purposes of the invention, the support rail is to be understood as part of the supporting structure. For the purposes of the invention, however, only the part of the supporting structure or of a rail-like component that is located within the guide space is to be understood as a support rail.The wall of the structure against which the support arm rests can be any wall, particularly a side surface. Support on the structure is preferably provided below the suspension head, but support in other areas is also conceivable, as long as the force around the contact area of ​​the suspension head is effectively absorbed. This is the case, for example, if one direction of a support force transmitted via the support arm into the frame of the suspension head runs below the contact area, or if a support moment counteracting the load moment is transmitted into the frame of the suspension head.

[0010] With the support of the suspension head according to the invention, torques introduced into the suspension head in the support rail around contact points or contact lines or contact surface or a contact area at which the suspension head rests against the building structure or is indirectly supported can be absorbed and the loads on fastening elements, holding elements and frames can be reduced. Thus, even under high loads during concreting, twisting of the system comprising suspension head and support rail with the frame of the supporting structure attached to it is very small or negligible, and the position of the formwork can be maintained with a high degree of accuracy. External support structures, i.e. those additionally supported from the building side, in particular from above, such as tension anchors, which are permanently mounted on the building to absorb the concreting load in particular, can be dispensed with.This results in a significant reduction in the amount of equipment, tools, manpower and working time both in the preparation of the construction site and in the erection and re-equipment of the formwork, which moves as the construction progresses.

[0011] The invention is advantageously applicable for concreting work on elongated structures, such as bridges. Typically, this involves an elongated structure, such as a steel trough supported by columns. A central section of a roadway is then concreted onto a central section, and laterally projecting sections of the roadway are concreted subsequently or simultaneously with the central section. The suspension heads are typically screwed to an edge of the trough or suspended by means of brackets. The brackets can be screwed or welded to the steel trough along the reference edge; they can be removed after concreting, provided they are still accessible, or they can remain on the structure, concealed by the concrete. The suspension heads are removed after concreting. Since the top of the structure is free due to the elimination of scaffolding or the like arranged above the structure, work can continue there uninterrupted.

[0012] It should be noted that the building structure can also have other shapes and construction methods. For example, the building structure along which the reference edge runs and to which the suspension heads are attached can also be a pre-finished concrete structure. The application of the invention is not limited to bridges or even to elongated structures. For example, balconies on buildings can be concreted in a similar way. It is also not necessary for the concrete part to be concreted to be cantilevered; rather, the invention is also applicable to situations in which a concrete part spanning two lateral building structures is to be concreted. In such a case, the supporting structure can be suspended from both lateral building structures by means of rails guided in the suspension heads according to the invention.In embodiments, the support arm can have a contact element with a contact surface for contact with the wall, wherein the position of the contact element in the room relative to the frame is adjustable. This allows the suspension head with the support arm to be adapted to various structural situations with different building shapes, in particular different geometric positions of the wall on the building. In the simplest form, the contact element can be a specific area on the support arm that comes into contact with the wall.

[0013] The support element can be freely pivoted about a pivot axis at an end of the support arm remote from the frame, at least within a specific angular range, and the position of the pivot axis in space relative to the frame can be adjustable. This allows, in particular, adaptation to different wall contours on the building structure.

[0014] In embodiments, the support arm can be pivoted about a pivot axis on the frame, with a strut being connected in an articulated manner between the frame and an end of the support arm remote from the frame. Such a strut can provide support via a triangular compartment, in which only, or essentially only, longitudinal forces are introduced into the support arm and the strut. Such a support is particularly stable.

[0015] The support arm and / or strut can have an adjustable length between their respective joint axes. This also allows the position of the support element or support point on the wall of the building structure to be adjusted.

[0016] This can be made possible, for example, by the strut having a thread which extends through a joint connection at the end of the support arm remote from the frame and an adjusting nut can be screwed onto the side of the joint connection remote from the frame in such a way that the joint connection can be supported on the nut, wherein preferably an anti-twist device is provided for fixing the nut in an adjusted position.Alternatively, the length adjustability can also be made possible by the strut having two threaded pieces, each having a bearing head at one end and a thread at the other end, and a clamping piece with a central part and two counter threads extending axially from the central part to opposite ends of the clamping piece, wherein the threads of the two threaded pieces are designed to be opposite to one another and the counter threads of the clamping piece are designed to be opposite to one another and to match the threads of the threaded pieces, wherein preferably the threads of the threaded pieces are external threads and the counter threads of the clamping piece are internal threads, and wherein the clamping piece preferably has a drive, for example in the form of a wrench size or a wind rod.

[0017] In embodiments, the support arm can be pivoted about a pivot axis on the frame, wherein a pivot path limiting element is provided on the frame to limit a pivot path of the support arm away from the wall, wherein the pivot path limiting element is preferably removable and in particular has a latch that can be attached to, inserted into, or pushed through the frame, for example in the form of a bolt or pin, and wherein the removable pivot path limiting element can preferably be secured in its position on the frame by a securing element. This is a simple way of adjusting or at least fixing the position of the support element. Several fastening options for the latch can be provided on the frame, so that several pivot positions can be realized.

[0018] In further embodiments, the support arm can be pivoted about a pivot axis on the frame, wherein a pivot lock is provided which has at least one locking bore on the support arm and at least one locking bore on the frame, which can be aligned with one another in a predetermined pivot position in order to jointly accommodate a locking element, for example in the form of a bolt or pin, wherein preferably at least one locking bore is arranged on the support arm or on the frame, which are arranged on a circumference around the pivot axis of the support arm, wherein the removable locking element can preferably be secured in its position on the frame by a securing element. This makes it possible to realize and fix several pivot positions.

[0019] In embodiments, the frame defines a guide space for the support rail with a C-shaped or claw-like inner contour in cross-section with an opening for the movable connection of the support rail to the remaining supporting structure. In this case, a first contact element and a second contact element are arranged on sections of the frame facing the guide space in such a way that the first contact element can absorb a horizontal force component from the support rail and the second contact element can absorb a vertical force component from the support rail and transfer it into the frame. Furthermore, it is provided that the first contact element rests at a first contact point on a side of the support rail facing away from the building structure, which is further away from the building structure in the horizontal direction than a second contact point at which the second contact element rests on the support rail when the support rail is guided by the suspension head.

[0020] By arranging the support elements on the frame of the suspension head in the single guide space defined by the frame in a C-shape or claw-like manner, the frame can be designed to be particularly compact and offer particularly high rigidity. The support rail can also have a particularly compact, advantageously closed, cross-section and thus particularly high rigidity. This further contributes to the overall rigidity of the system.

[0021] The opening allows a connecting element between the support rail and the rest of the supporting structure (frame) to pass through the suspension head without impacting, and is preferably positioned away from the structure. The cross-section of the guide space is taken perpendicular to the longitudinal direction or perpendicular to a rail axis that runs parallel to the longitudinal direction.If it is required that the first contact element can absorb a horizontal force component from the support rail and the second contact element can absorb a vertical force component from the support rail and transfer it into the frame, this includes both an arrangement in which the first contact element completely absorbs a horizontal force component and the second contact element completely absorbs the vertical force component, as well as arrangements in which the first and second contact elements can also absorb parts of the other force component, in the same or opposite direction.As far as contact points are concerned, this can include designs in which the contact elements each have only one contact point on the support rail, as well as designs in which the contact elements have multiple contact points on the support rail that are distributed along a line, a section of surface, or the entire surface of the respective contact element, or that extend continuously. In other words, a contact point can also have a linear or planar extension. In such cases, the respective center point or center of gravity is decisive for a comparison of the position of contact points. A distance from the building structure is preferably measured from a center or center of gravity of the building structure, or from a side surface or a wall on which the suspension head is supported, or which the suspension head, its frame, or the guide space faces laterally, or from the reference edge.A lateral direction corresponds to a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. In other words, the distance from the structure corresponds to a horizontal distance from a surface or contour of the suspension head that is closest to the structure in a lateral direction.

[0022] The first contact element and the second contact element can, for example, have rollers or contact plates or a coating which rests or rests against the support rail when the support rail is guided by the suspension head. These elements can be releasably fixed to the frame for replacement, or permanently for wear-free or low-wear operation. Contact elements designed as contact plates can have a substantially flat or substantially shallowly spherical (spherical with a radius of curvature in every direction that is greater than or much greater than a largest dimension of the surface) or a generally convex or concave contact surface. A shallowly spherical shape can ensure a defined contact point which essentially retains its position even when flattened due to compressive deformation or wear.Contact plates can be made of a plain bearing material such as certain plastics, ceramics, sintered metals, or the like. Coatings can include sliding layer materials or sacrificial layers. Contact plates or other flat contact elements can also have a groove running in the longitudinal direction, which can prevent adhesion, for example, and can also absorb rubbed-in dirt.

[0023] In this case, the force absorption directions of the first contact element and the second contact element can have an angle of at least 30° or at least 40° or at least 60° or at least 75° or at least 90° and / or of at most 150° or at most 130° or at most 1 15° or at most 90° to one another in the cross-sectional plane. The force absorption directions are each defined normal to the surface for flat receiving elements and radially for rollers. An angle of more than 90°, for example approximately 1 10°, can be advantageous in order to design the opening of the guide space in such a way that a connecting element between the support rail and the frame of the supporting structure has sufficient space when the supporting structure is moved. In practical design, it will be advantageous to weigh the space gained against a possible increase in load on the contact elements and / or on the frame of the suspension head.Advantageously, a force absorption direction of the first contact element can run horizontally or deviate from the horizontal by a maximum of 5°, a maximum of 10°, a maximum of 15°, a maximum of 20°, a maximum of 25°, a maximum of 30°, a maximum of 35°, a maximum of 40°, or a maximum of 45°. A force absorption direction of the second contact element can also run vertically or deviate from the vertical by a maximum of 5°, a maximum of 10°, a maximum of 15°, a maximum of 20°, a maximum of 25°, a maximum of 30°, a maximum of 35°, a maximum of 40°, or a maximum of 45°.

[0024] In particular, the frame can have an at least substantially flat lateral contact surface, which is designed to bear against a lateral surface of the structure when the contact head is fixed to one of the retaining elements. This allows the suspension head to be positioned particularly stably on the structure. The frame can have one or more through-holes and / or at least one elongated through-hole extending through the lateral contact surface for screwing and / or alignment on the lateral surface. This enables easy attachment of the suspension head in cases where the retaining elements are or have, for example, simple holes in the structure.

[0025] Furthermore, the frame can have an at least substantially flat overhead contact surface, which is designed to bear against a downward-facing surface of the structure when the contact head is fixed to one of the holding elements. This allows the suspension head to be positioned particularly stably on the structure. In this case, the frame can preferably have one or more through-bores and / or at least one elongated through-hole extending through the overhead contact surface for screwing and / or aligning with the downward-facing surface of the structure. This enables simple attachment of the suspension head in cases in which the holding elements are or have, for example, simple bores on the structure.

[0026] Furthermore, the frame can have two preferably parallel cheeks that are spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction, each having an at least substantially vertical inner surface, wherein the inner surfaces of the cheeks face one another and preferably run at least substantially parallel to one another. The inner surfaces can define an assembly space between them that is accessible from above through an assembly opening and preferably from below and / or from a side facing away from the structure or diagonally from below through a handling opening. The cheeks can be connected to one another by intermediate pieces such as attached plates, profiles or pipe pieces or via angled sections in the longitudinal direction. Alternatively, the cheeks can also be formed integrally with one another.

[0027] Furthermore, the cheeks can each have a receiving structure arranged on their inner surfaces, each with a receiving surface pointing downwards and sloping towards the building body, an inner boundary surface extending downwards from the receiving surface and an outer boundary surface extending downwards from the receiving surface, wherein the inner boundary surface is closer to the building body than the outer boundary surface.To match this, a mounting wedge can be provided which has a shape adapted to the receiving structure and has a first wedge surface and a second wedge surface, a narrow end surface which connects the wedge surfaces to one another at the tapered end, a wide end surface which connects the wedge surfaces to one another at the widened end, and two preferably substantially parallel side surfaces such that the mounting wedge can be supported with the first wedge surface on the receiving surfaces, while the second wedge surface points away from the receiving surfaces and the narrow end surface can optionally be supported at least partially on the inner boundary surface or the outer boundary surface, while the wide end surface is accordingly supported at least partially on the outer boundary surface or the inner boundary surface, and the side surfaces are held between the mutually facing inner surfaces of the cheeks.A through-hole can extend from the second wedge surface in a direction normal to the first wedge surface, and the mounting opening can be designed such that a bolt guided through the through-hole can extend through the mounting opening upwards or in a direction inclined upwards towards the structural element, with an axis of the through-hole preferably running through the guide space. A bolt can be guided through the through-hole in order to connect the suspension head to a holding element. Depending on the orientation of the narrow and wide end surfaces, the mounting wedge can enable different orientations of the bolt with respect to the frame. In particular, an extension of the bolt pointing vertically upwards or an extension pointing diagonally upwards towards the structural element, for example approximately in the direction of the reference edge, can be enabled.

[0028] Likewise, a suspension adapter can be provided, which can be fastened to the frame between the cheeks and has a contact element with a contact surface and a through-hole extending perpendicular to the surface from the contact surface. The contact element is designed such that a bolt guided from below through the through-hole can extend upward through the mounting opening or in a direction inclined upward toward the structure, with an axis of the through-hole preferably extending through the guide space. Such a suspension adapter is another possibility for connecting the suspension head to a holding element.

[0029] The suspension adapter can be connected or connectable to the frame by means of at least one, preferably two, bolts, in particular screw bolts, extending through through holes aligned along respective fastening axes in the suspension adapter and the side members, with preferably at least two fastening axes being provided. This prevents the suspension adapter from getting lost, and relocating the suspension adapter to another location can be done even faster and easier.

[0030] The suspension adapter can have an at least substantially flat lateral contact surface that projects beyond the frame when the suspension adapter is mounted on the frame and is designed to bear against a lateral surface of the structure when the contact head is fixed to one of the retaining elements. This ensures that the suspension head is securely attached to the structure regardless of the frame's shape. A change in the distance of the suspension head or the support rail from the reference edge can be accommodated by simply replacing or adjusting the suspension adapter, without having to modify the frame of the suspension head itself. The suspension head can therefore be used even more flexibly.

[0031] Multiple suspension adapters can be provided, which can be selectively used with the suspension head and which each have through holes extending in different directions relative to the frame when the respective suspension adapter is mounted on the frame. The suspension adapters can also have different sizes, i.e., in particular, different extensions transverse to the longitudinal extension direction, in order to enable different positions of the lateral contact surface relative to the frame.

[0032] The suspension head can be arranged with a support rail of a supporting structure for a formwork, in particular in the form of a formwork carriage moving downwards, for concreting a concrete part projecting laterally from a reference edge of a building structure of a building, in particular a cantilevered concrete part, with holding elements provided on the building structure at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the reference edge, wherein the suspension head can be detachably fixed to one of the holding elements and is designed in such a way that a load of the supporting structure transferred to the suspension head via the support rail can be introduced into the building structure of the building via the suspension head and the holding element,The suspension head is designed according to the above aspect of the invention or one of its embodiments, and the frame of the suspension head encompasses a cross-sectional profile of the support rail or at least a guided portion thereof in a C-shaped or claw-like manner such that the first contact element rests at the first contact point on a side of the support rail facing away from the building structure, and the second contact element rests at the second contact point on the support rail. The support rail can have a closed cross-section.

[0033] A further aspect of the invention is a formwork system comprising a formwork with a supporting structure, in particular in the form of a downwardly moving formwork carriage, for concreting a concrete part that projects laterally from a reference structure of a building, in particular a cantilevered concrete part, with a support rail on or as part of the supporting structure, holding elements that are arranged on the building at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the reference edge, and a plurality of suspension heads for movable guidance of the support rail, wherein the suspension heads are each arranged and designed to be detachably fixable on one of the holding elements in such a way that a load of the supporting structure transferred via the support rail to the suspension heads can be introduced into the building structure of the building via the suspension heads and holding elements,wherein the suspension heads are each designed according to the above aspect of the invention or one of its embodiments, and the support arm is supported on a wall of the building structure in such a way that a moment acting around a contact area of ​​the suspension head on the building structure can be at least partially transmitted into the building structure via the support arm. This aspect of the invention realizes the aforementioned advantages of the suspension head in connection with an arrangement of a supporting structure, in particular a formwork carriage, with a support rod guided in several of the suspension heads. In other words, this aspect of the invention relates to an established construction site. For an understanding of the features, reference is made to the above description of the first aspect of the invention.

[0034] In embodiments, the holding elements can have bores for the flange-like attachment of the suspension heads by means of screw bolts and / or for the alignment of the suspension heads by means of pins or the like, wherein the bores are preferably provided on a bottom view and / or a side surface of the building structure.

[0035] In embodiments, the holding elements can comprise brackets that are fastened to an upper side of the structural body, wherein the holding elements have a fastening leg for fastening the holding element to the upper side of the structural body and a holding leg with a holding bore for holding a suspension head by means of a holding bolt, wherein the holding bore and a bore on the suspension head for attaching the holding bolt are substantially aligned with one another when the suspension head is attached to the structural body. In this case, an angle of the holding bolt to the horizontal in the attached state of the suspension head can preferably be 45° with a deviation of at most 1° or at most 2° or at most 3° or at most 5° or at most 10° or at most 15° or at most 20° upwards or downwards.

[0036] In some embodiments, the supporting structure can have a side support below the support rail, which can support the supporting structure laterally against a wall of the building structure in order to transfer a moment acting around the support rail into the building structure. More precisely, the moment is transferred by a force couple consisting of a compressive force at the contact point of the side support and a tensile force on the support rail. It is advantageous if the distance of the side support from the support rail is selected to be as large as the structural situation allows.In embodiments, the elements of the formwork system and the number of suspension heads per unit length of the formwork can be designed to transfer the load-bearing capacity of the supporting structure into the building structure in a self-supporting manner, in particular without additional supporting structures such as tension rods between a supporting scaffold attached to the building structure and the supporting structure, so that, in particular, the formwork can be positioned at any point in the longitudinal direction to allow the concrete part to be poured. The design criteria include, for example, material thicknesses and area moments of inertia of the suspension heads, holding elements and connecting elements, lever lengths of support arms on the suspension head and lateral supports on the formwork, design load of support elements, rigidity of the support rail, and the like.

[0037] It is understood that all embodiments described above can be combined with one another, provided they do not necessarily and obviously exclude one another, and that such combinations are further embodiments of the invention.

[0038] The invention will be described in more detail below using selected embodiments with reference to the attached figures.

[0039] Figure 1 shows a structure with a formwork system according to an embodiment of the invention in a schematic cross-sectional view.

[0040] Figure 2 shows an arrangement of a support rail and a suspension head in the formwork system of Figure 1 in an enlarged schematic side view of a detail II in Figure 1.

[0041] Figures 3A to 3C show a suspension head according to an embodiment of the present invention in two perspective views and a side view.

[0042] Figures 4A and 4B show a suspension head according to a further embodiment of the present invention in two perspective views. Figures 5A to 5C show a suspension head according to a further embodiment of the present invention in two perspective views and a perspective detailed view.

[0043] Figure 6 shows the arrangement of the suspension head of Figures 5A to 5C on the structure.

[0044] Figures 7A and 7B show a mounting wedge in two perspective views.

[0045] Figure 8 shows a connection between the suspension head of Figures 5A to 5C to the structure according to a further embodiment corresponding to the arrangement in Figure 6.

[0046] Figure 9 shows a connection between the suspension head of Figures 5A to 5C to the structure according to a further embodiment.

[0047] Figure 10 shows a support arm for a suspension head according to a further embodiment of the invention in a perspective view.

[0048] Figures 11A and 11B show a joint piece for use with the support arm of Figure 10 in two perspective views.

[0049] Figure 12 shows an arrangement of the suspension head with the support arm of Figure 10 as a further embodiment of the invention in a side view.

[0050] Figures 13A to 13D show an arrangement of the suspension head with the support arm of Figure 10 with a strut and the joint piece of Figures 11A and 11B according to a further embodiment of the invention in a cross-sectional view, two perspective views and a perspective detailed view.

[0051] Figures 14A and 14B show a support arm for a suspension head according to another embodiment of the invention in a perspective overall view and a perspective detailed view. Figure 15 shows a strut for use with the support arm of Figures 14A and 14B in a perspective view.

[0052] Figures 16A and 16B show a suspension adapter in one embodiment of the invention.

[0053] Figures 17A and 17B show another suspension adapter in a further embodiment of the invention.

[0054] Figures 18A and 18B show another suspension adapter in a further embodiment of the invention.

[0055] Figures 19A to 19D show an arrangement of the suspension head with the support arm of Figures 14A and 14B with a strut of Figure 15 and a suspension adapter of Figures 16A and 16B according to a further embodiment of the invention in a cross-sectional view, two perspective views and a sectional detail view.

[0056] Figures 20A and 20B show a formwork system according to the invention in two displacement positions in a schematic plan view.

[0057] Figure 1 shows a structure 1, here an elongated structure in the form of a bridge, with a formwork system according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0058] When erecting elongated structures 1, such as bridges in composite steel construction, a steel structure is usually first erected, comprising a substructure 18 in the form of one or more supports (usually two end supports and, depending on the spanned length, intermediate supports in the form of pylons or columns) and a girder or structural member 2 spanning the supports in the longitudinal direction of the structure. The structural member 2 has a base plate 17, which is attached to a connecting plate 19 of the substructure 18 in the form of a flange connection or welded connection. Other bridge designs also provide for suspension on steel cables instead of intermediate columns, which may be anchored, for example, to a head plate 3 of the girder. It should be noted that the shape of the substructure 18 is not part of the invention and does not limit it.Furthermore, the invention is neither limited to bridges in particular nor to elongated components in general.

[0059] In this example, the building structure 2 further comprises a head plate 3 and two side walls 15 that extend between the base plate 18 and the head plate 3. The head plate 3, the side walls 15, and the base plate 17 of the building structure 2 form a support or box, also referred to as a trough. The head plate 3 supports a roadway 5, which is manufactured using the concrete casting process and is firmly anchored to the head plate after the concrete has set, for example by means of head bolts 4 that protrude upwards from the head plate 3. Parts 6 of the roadway 5 that project to the side are manufactured along a reference edge 2a of the building structure 2 with the aid of the formwork system according to the invention. This can be done after the roadway 5 has already been completed in the central region, or the roadway 5 can be manufactured in one go with the cantilevered part 6.Cornice caps 7 on the outer side of the roadway 5 can be manufactured in subsequent work steps, but this is not part of the invention. Although only one (the right one) of two cantilevered parts 6 of the roadway is shown in the figure as being under construction and the other as already completed, the invention is not limited to this; rather, both cantilevered parts 6 can be manufactured simultaneously using a respective formwork system.

[0060] For the purposes of the description, a coordinate system x, y, z is defined in which z indicates a normal direction and runs normal to the road surface, y indicates a width direction and runs parallel to the road surface, and x is normal to y and z runs parallel to the road surface and indicates a longitudinal extension direction of the roadway 5. The reference edge 2a generally runs parallel to the longitudinal extension direction of the roadway, so that for the purposes of describing the invention, a longitudinal extension direction of the reference edge 2a can be assumed to coincide with the longitudinal extension direction x of the roadway 5. Neglecting any inclination of the roadway 5, the normal direction z is also understood as a vertical direction, and the width direction y and the longitudinal extension direction x are also understood as horizontal directions.For the purposes of the description, a median plane M is defined as a plane spanned by the normal direction z and the longitudinal extension direction x at the geometric center or centroid of the building structure 2. Furthermore, for the purposes of the description, the direction z is defined as positive upwards (pointing away from the roadway surface) and negative downwards, and the width direction y is always defined as positive, pointing away from a median plane M of the building structure 1 in the direction of the cantilevered part 6 of the roadway 5 currently being concreted using the formwork 8.

[0061] The formwork system comprises a supporting structure 8 that supports a formwork 10. The supporting structure 8 is moved along as the concreting work progresses and, for this purpose, takes the form of a formwork carriage with a frame 9, a working platform 11, and a support rail 12. In the present example, the formwork 10 has two formwork panels 10a, 10b that enclose the cantilevered part 6 from below and from the outside. The working platform 11 is required for assembly work and has a walkway 11a and a railing 11b.

[0062] The supporting structure 8 is suspended from the outside of the building structure 2 by means of the support rail 12. For this purpose, a plurality of suspension heads 13 are provided along the reference edge 2a of the building structure 2, in which the support rail 12 is guided so as to be displaceable in the longitudinal direction. The suspension heads 13 are each releasably fixed to holding elements (not shown in detail here) provided at predetermined intervals on the support. The holding elements can be designed in different ways and, for example, each have a simple arrangement of holes on the building structure 2 for screwing on a suspension head 13 and / or a screwed, riveted, or welded profile piece, such as an angle profile, or a specific shape, such as an undercut structure, on the building structure 2.This arrangement ensures that a concreting load of the formwork 8, transferred via the support rail 12 to the suspension head 13, can be introduced into the structure 2 of the building 1 via the retaining element. The suspension head 13 can also be supported by a support arm 14 against a wall 15a, which in the present example is a side surface of a side wall 15 of the profile 2. The support arm is attached or hinged to the suspension head 13 and rests on the wall 16.

[0063] The supporting structure 8 can be supported against the side surface 16a of the side wall 16 by one or more lateral support devices 16. The lateral support device 16 is positioned at the lowest possible point of the frame 9 in order to transfer a moment acting around the support rail 12 into the girder 2 through a force couple of a tensile force on the support rail 12 and a compressive force on the lateral support device 16, with the largest possible lever arm to limit the force magnitudes. The lateral support device 16 can be attached to the formwork and carried along with it.

[0064] Figure 2 shows an arrangement of the support rail 12 and the suspension head 13 in the formwork system of Figure 1 in a schematic side view, ie, seen in the longitudinal direction x.

[0065] As schematically shown in Figure 2, the suspension head 13 has a frame 21 which has or defines a guide space 23 for the support rail 12 with an inner contour 22 that is C-shaped or claw-like in cross-section and has an opening 24 that is preferably facing away from the building structure. The opening 24 serves to moveably connect the support rail 12 to the rest of the supporting structure, which is schematically shown here by the frame 9 and is connected to the support rail by means of a rail connecting element 20. The opening 24 ensures that the rail connecting element 20 does not abut the suspension head and therefore does not interfere with displacement. The frame 21 can thus engage around a cross-sectional profile of the support rail 12 in a C-shape or claw-like manner.Since the direction of displacement of the formwork 8 always runs parallel to the longitudinal direction x and corresponds to a longitudinal axis of the support rail 12, the cross-sectional profile of the support rail 12 is always normal to the longitudinal direction x. To guide the support rail 12 in the guide space 23, a first contact element 25 and a second contact element 26 offset from the first contact element 25 in the cross-sectional plane are arranged there on the inner sides of the frame 21 facing the support rail 12 or the guide space 23. The arrangement is selected such that the first contact element 25 can absorb a horizontal force component from the support rail 12 and the second contact element 26 can absorb a vertical force component from the support rail 12 and transfer it into the frame.The first contact element 25 rests against a first contact point 25a on a side of the support rail 12 facing away from the building structure 2, and the second contact element 26 rests against a second contact point 26a, wherein the first contact point 25a is further away from the building structure 2 in the horizontal direction y than the second contact point 26a. The contact points 25a, 26a can also be linear or flat.

[0066] In this exemplary embodiment, the suspension head 13 rests with a lateral contact surface 21b of the frame 21 against a lateral surface 2b of the structural element 2, while an overhead contact surface 21a of the frame 21 is free. The lateral contact surface 21b extends downwards from the reference edge 2a, and a downward-facing surface adjoins it, pointing away from the suspension head 13. If forces are transmitted via the support rail 12 into the suspension head 13, the latter experiences a tilting moment about an edge between the lateral contact surface 21b and the downward-facing surface 2c. This tilting moment can be at least partially absorbed and dissipated by holding elements not shown in detail here (screw connections or anchoring to corresponding brackets, which are attached, for example, to an upper side 2d of the structural element 2 along the reference edge 2a).

[0067] To support the suspension head 13, this example also includes a support arm 14 with a pivot lever 27, which is pivotably mounted on the frame 21 about a pivot axis 27a. The pivot position can be fixed by means of a latch 29 (e.g., a pin) that engages in one of several notches 28 (e.g., holes). In principle, one notch 28 is sufficient, but multiple notches 28 expand the possible applications. The support arm 14 in the form of the pivot lever 27 rests at the free end 27b against the wall 15 of the structural element 2 in order to at least partially transfer the tilting moment into the structural element 2. The free end 27b forms a contact element of the support arm 14 within the meaning of the invention.

[0068] Figures 3A to 3C show an embodiment of the suspension head 13 in two perspective views and a side view.

[0069] In this exemplary embodiment, the frame 21 of the suspension head 13 has two cheeks 30, 30' which are spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction x. The cheeks 30, 30' in this exemplary embodiment are made from a sheet metal with several folds. Each cheek 30, 30' has an inner surface 30a which is formed by a main part of the sheet metal. Of these, an upper tab 30b and a rear tab 30c are folded away from the inner surface 30a, wherein the upper tab 30b has the overhead contact surface 21a and the rear tab 30c has the lateral contact surface 21b. A further tab 30d is folded away below the upper tab 30b. In this context, the designation rear orfront in relation to the width direction y of the building structure 2 (not shown here), to which the suspension head is to be attached, the indication "lateral" corresponds to the longitudinal direction and the indication "inside" is to be understood in relation to a space between the cheeks 30, 30'.

[0070] The cheeks 30, 30' are connected to one another in the longitudinal direction by connecting plates 31, 32, 33 and stop plates 34, 35. The connecting plates 31, 32, 33 and the further tabs 30d form the inner contour 22, which defines the guide space. Contact plates 36 are mounted as the first and second contact elements 25, 26 on the connecting plates 32, 33. The contact plates 36 can be screwed and / or pinned in bores 37. The respective force absorption directions 38, 38' of the contact plates 36 run perpendicular to the surfaces of the contact plates 36 facing the guide space 23, which are to be understood as flat contact points within the meaning of the invention. The force absorption directions 38, 38' enclose an angle α with one another, which in this example is approximately 1 10°.The force absorption direction 38 is inclined by approximately 10° relative to the horizontal, and the force absorption direction 38' is inclined by approximately 10° relative to the vertical, so that the first contact element 25 can absorb, in addition to a horizontal force component pointing away from the building structure 2, portions of an upwardly directed vertical force component, and the second contact element 26 can absorb, in addition to a downwardly directed vertical force component, portions of a horizontal force component pointing towards the building structure 2. The contact plates 36 each have a longitudinal groove 39 in their surface, which can, for example, absorb ground-in dirt particles and / or serve as a channel for lubricant. The stop plates 34, 35 are arranged approximately at right angles to the connecting plates 32, 33 supporting the contact elements 25, 26, each projecting beyond an edge thereof and forming a stop for the contact elements 25, 26.

[0071] Figures 4A and 4B show another embodiment of the suspension head 13 in two perspective views and a side view.

[0072] This embodiment is a modification of the previous embodiment, and the differences therefrom are essentially described below, while otherwise the features of the previous embodiment can equally be present and further explanations should also apply to the present embodiment, unless this is obviously excluded due to the differences.

[0073] In this embodiment, the cheeks 30, 30' of the frame 21 are again formed by respective metal sheets, but no further tabs are bent besides the upper tab 30b. Instead of rear tabs, side support plates 40, 40', which define the side support surfaces 21b, are attached, for example, welded, to the cheeks 30, 30'. To connect the cheeks 30, 30' in the longitudinal direction, a cut-open tubular piece 41 is provided here, which, by means of a bevel 41a, forms a brace corresponding to a connecting plate 32 of the previous embodiment.

[0074] Two pairs of parallel, spaced-apart bearing plates 42, 43, 42', 43' are attached to the cheeks 30, 30', which also contribute to connecting the cheeks 30, 30' in the longitudinal direction and to their bracing and stiffening. A roller 44 is arranged in a space between each of the bearing plates 42, 43, 42', 43' and is mounted on the bearing plates 42, 43, 42', 43' by means of a bearing axle 45, which here is implemented, for example, with a screw and a nut. The bearing axles 45 each extend in a plane transverse to the longitudinal direction x and are positioned such that the rollers form contact points for the support axle received in the guide space 23.

[0075] Figures 5A to 5C show a further embodiment of the suspension head 13 in two perspective views and a perspective detailed view.

[0076] This embodiment is a modification of the embodiment of Figures 3A to 3C, and the differences therefrom are essentially described below, while otherwise the features of the referenced embodiment can equally be present and further explanations should also apply to the present embodiment, unless this is obviously excluded due to the differences.

[0077] In this embodiment, the cheeks 30, 30' of the frame 21 are formed by respective plates. The cheeks 30, 30' are connected in the longitudinal direction by a rear connecting plate 50, which defines the lateral contact surface 21b, an upper connecting plate 51, which defines the overhead contact surface 21a, and two support plates 52, 52', each supporting a contact plate 53. A stop plate 55 is mounted on the lateral contact surface 21b of the rear connecting plate 50, which can serve as a height stop for the receiving head 13 on a downward-facing surface 2c of the structural body 2 when the receiving head is mounted on the structural body 2 (see Figure 2).

[0078] In this embodiment, the contact plates 53, 53' are designed without a longitudinal groove, but have a flat, spherical surface 56, the largest elevation of which lies at the center 57 of the surface 56 and forms the respective force application point 25a (not visible here), 26a. Furthermore, the contact elements 25, 26 in this embodiment are each arranged with purely horizontal and vertical force absorption directions.

[0079] The upper connecting plate 51 has a mounting opening 58, which allows access to an interior space between the inner surfaces 30a of the cheeks 30, 30' from above. In the interior space between the inner surfaces 30a of the cheeks 30, 30', which will also be referred to below as the mounting space 54, a receiving structure 69 is formed on the inner surfaces 30a of each cheek 30, 30', which will be explained in more detail below.

[0080] Figure 6 shows the arrangement of the suspension head 13 according to the last-described embodiment on the structural body 2. In the case shown, the suspension head 13 projects below the downward-facing surface 2c (see also Figure 8) of the structural body 2 and is attached to the structural body 2 by means of a screw bolt 60 and associated nut 62, which rests on the upper side 2d of the structural body 2. The screw bolt 60 projects upward through the mounting opening 58, with its head 61 in the mounting space 54 also being accessible from below or diagonally below through an opening between the cheeks 30, 30'. To align and support the screw bolt 60 in the mounting space 54, a mounting wedge 70 is used in this embodiment, which is explained in more detail below.

[0081] Figures 7A and 7B show the mounting wedge 70 in two perspective views. The mounting wedge 70 has a rough wedge shape with a first wedge surface 71 and a second wedge surface 72, a narrow end surface 73 which connects the wedge surfaces 71, 72 at the tapered end, a wide end surface 74 which connects the wedge surfaces 71, 72 at the expanded end, and two preferably substantially parallel side surfaces 77, 77'. The wide end surface 74 has a kink which divides the wide end surface 74 into two partial surfaces 75, 76, but which is optional. Extending between the wedge surfaces 71, 72 is a through-bore 78 which is surface normal to the second partial surface 72 and pierces the first partial surface 71 at an angle deviating from the surface normal. The first wedge surface 71 is essentially flat, while the wedge surface 72 has a visible convex curvature.

[0082] Figure 8 shows a connection between the suspension head 13 of the last-described embodiment and the structural body 2 according to a further embodiment corresponding to the arrangement in Figure 6. As already mentioned, the suspension head 13 rests with the overhead contact surface 21a against the downward-facing surface 2c of the structural body 2. The screw bolt 60 protrudes through a through-bore 80, which connects the downward-facing surface 2c to the upper side 2d of the structural body 2 and which is a retaining element within the meaning of the present invention.

[0083] The receiving structure 59, which is formed on the respective inner surfaces 30a of the cheeks 30, 30', has a plate-shaped basic structure with a recess on a downwardly facing edge surface, wherein the recess has a groove-shaped contour, as seen from the assembly space, with a downwardly facing receiving surface 81 sloping towards the structural body 2, an inner boundary surface 82 extending downwards from the receiving surface 81 and an outer boundary surface 83 extending downwards from the receiving surface 81.The receiving structure 59 and the mounting wedge 70 are adapted to one another in such a way that the mounting wedge 70 can be received between the side surfaces 30a of both cheeks 30, 30' in such a way that it is supported with the first wedge surface 71 on the respective receiving surfaces 78, while the second wedge surface 72 points away from the receiving surfaces 78, and the narrow end surface 73 is supported on the inner boundary surface 82, while the wide end surface 74, here with the partial surface 75, is accordingly supported on the outer boundary surface 83, and the side surfaces 77, 77' are held between the mutually facing inner surfaces 30a of the cheeks 30, 30'.Furthermore, the inclination of the receiving surface 78 and an angle between the wedge surfaces 71, 72 are selected such that the through-hole 78 of the mounting wedge 70, when arranged as described above, runs vertically, so that the suspension head 13 can be arranged on the downward-facing surface 2c of the structural body 2 in such a way that the through-hole 78 of the mounting wedge 70 and the through-hole 80 of the structural body 2 serving as a holding element are aligned with one another and the threaded bolt 80 can be guided through both through-holes 78, 80 and the mounting opening 58 in order to fix the suspension head 13.

[0084] Figure 9 shows a connection between the suspension head of Figures 5A to 5C and the structural body according to another embodiment. In this embodiment, the suspension head 13 rests with its lateral contact surface 21b against the lateral surface 2b of the structural body 2, and the stop plate 55 rests with its upper side against the downward-facing surface 2c of the structural body 2.

[0085] In this case, the holding element is formed by a bracket 90, which has a fastening leg 91 for attachment to the upper side 2d of the structural body 2 and a holding leg 92 with a holding bore 94. The holding bore 94 has an axial direction that runs obliquely from the holding leg 92 and extends beyond the reference edge 2a, so that a holding bolt 95, which runs through the holding bore 94, can be arranged beyond the reference edge 2a. One or more stiffening ribs 93 can extend between the fastening leg 91 and the holding leg 92. The holding leg 92 can be welded to the upper side 2d of the structural body 2, but can also have a fastening bore 97 for screwing to the structural body 2 in the event that the structural body cannot be welded at this point.

[0086] For this fastening case, the same mounting wedge 70 can be used, but is now arranged the other way around on the receiving structure 59, namely in such a way that it is supported as above with the first wedge surface 71 on the respective receiving surfaces 78, while the second wedge surface 72 points away from the receiving surfaces 78, but in contrast to the previous case, the narrow end surface 73 is supported on the outer boundary surface 83, while the wide end surface 74 is supported accordingly on the inner boundary surface 82.The inclination of the fastening leg 92 of the bracket 90 and its distance from the reference edge 2a as well as the height of the holding hole 94 are selected such that the through hole 78 of the mounting wedge 70, when arranged as described above and the suspension head 13, when arranged on the building structure 2 as described above, is aligned with the holding hole 94 of the bracket 90, so that the holding bolt 95 can be guided through the through hole 78 and the holding hole 94 and the mounting opening 58 in order to fix the suspension head 13.

[0087] The retaining bolt 95 is clamped with a nut 96, and the head of the retaining bolt 90 is accessible diagonally from below in the assembly space 54.

[0088] Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of a support arm 14 for supporting the suspension head 13 on a wall 15a of the structure 2. The support arm 14 has a pivot lever 100 and a contact element 101 with a contact surface 102. In this example, the pivot lever 100 is designed as a U-profile with two side webs 100a, 100b and a connecting web 100c. The contact element 101 is pivotally connected to the pivot lever 100 by means of a cardan shaft 103, which in this example is designed as a hollow shaft or tubular section. An anti-twist device 104 is rotatably arranged on the cardan shaft 103 between the side webs 100a, 100b. The cardan shaft 103 is secured to the pivot lever 100 by means of locking pins 105. The pivot lever 100 has a bearing bore 106 in each side web 100a, 100b, which are aligned with each other. Furthermore, a notch 107 is formed in the free longitudinal edge of each side web 100a, 100b.The cardan shaft 103 has a radial through-bore 109, and the anti-rotation device 104 has a recess 108 which can be brought into or out of alignment with the through-bore 109 by rotating the anti-rotation device 104 on the cardan shaft 103.

[0089] Figure 12 shows a possible application of the support arm 14 with the pivot lever 100 as a further embodiment in a side view. Here, the suspension head 13 is attached close to a side wall 15, the outer surface of which forms the wall 15a. In particular, the suspension head 13 is arranged with its lateral contact surface 21b directly adjacent to the side wall and screwed to it. In the present case, the suspension head 13 is shown in the embodiment according to Figures 5A to 5C, but it can also be a suspension head 13 of any other embodiment. Here, the pivot lever 100 is pivotally mounted on a pivot axis 120 provided on the frame 21 of the suspension head 13, which can be a bolt guided through bores in the frame 21. The connecting web 100c points towards the structural body 2, and the notches 107 point away from it.Furthermore, bores 122 are provided on the frame 21, which can accommodate a latch 121 that can abut against the pivot lever 100, particularly engaging the notches 107, in order to limit the pivoting path of the pivot lever 100 away from the wall 15a. The contact element 101 is positioned at the free end of the pivot lever 100 such that the contact surface 102 abuts the wall 15a. The dimensions of the components are selected such that the notch 107 abuts the latch 121 when the contact surface 102 abuts the wall 15a. Thus, a tilting moment of the suspension head 13 can be diverted via the bolt 121 into the pivot lever 100, from there via the cardan shaft 103 into the contact element 101 and from its contact surface 102 into the wall 15a and thus into the building structure 2.

[0090] Figures 13A to 13D show another application of the support arm 14 with the pivot lever 100 as a further exemplary embodiment in a cross-sectional view, two perspective views, and a perspective detailed view. Here, the suspension head 13 is attached to the structural body 2 such that a side wall 15 of the structural body 2, the outer surface of which forms the wall 15a, is set back from the suspension head 13. In particular, the suspension head 13 is arranged with its lateral contact surface 21b adjacent to a side surface 2b below the reference edge 2a. Again, the suspension head 13 is shown in the exemplary embodiment according to Figures 5A to 5C, specifically in an arrangement according to Figure 9, but it can also be a suspension head 13 of any other exemplary embodiment in any desired arrangement.

[0091] For use in this situation, the pivot lever 100 is used together with a strut 130, which is pivotally mounted on the frame 21 by means of a joint piece 110 and is secured at the end remote from the frame 21 to the joint connection formed by the cardan shaft 103. This creates a three-joint support in which the pivot arm 100 absorbs only compressive forces and the strut absorbs only tensile forces. The joint piece 110 is shown in detail in two perspective views in Figures 11A and 11B.In this exemplary embodiment, the joint piece 110 has a housing 111 with two parallel spaced-apart side plates 112, 112', two parallel spaced-apart connecting plates 113, 113' which connect the side plates 112, 112' to one another, and a support plate 114 which is arranged between the side plates 112, 112' on one end side of the connecting plates 113, 113', so that a receiving space is formed between the side plates 112, 112', the connecting plates 113, 113' and the support plate 114, which is open relative to the support plate 114. On the support plate 114, on the side opposite the receiving space, a guide tube 115 is arranged, the bore of which is aligned with a through bore in the support plate 114. The side plates 1 12, 1 12' each have a bearing bore 1 16.

[0092] As can be seen in the cross-section in Figure 13A, one end of the strut 130, which is provided with a thread, extends through the guide tube 115 and the through-bore of the support plate 114 into the receiving space of the joint piece 110. A nut 132 is screwed onto the end of the strut 130 and is held in the receiving space of the joint piece 110 in a rotationally secure manner relative to the joint piece by the connecting plates 113, 113', the spacing of which is adapted to a wrench size of the nut 132. The joint piece 110 itself is pivotally mounted on the frame 21 of the contact head 13 by means of a joint axis 134, for example a bolt guided through bores in the frame 21.

[0093] The other end 131 of the strut 130 is guided through the through-bore of the drive shaft 103 and secured by another nut 133. The anti-rotation device 104 can be used in such a way that the recess 108, whose width is adapted to a wrench size of the nut 133, can be pushed over opposite wrench surfaces of the nut 133, thus holding the nut 133 securely against rotation. For adjustment, the anti-rotation device 104 can simply be pivoted away from the nut 133.

[0094] The pivot lever 110 of the support arm 114 is mounted in bores 122 on the frame 21 by means of a further pivot axis 120 and can be secured by means of a split pin 135 or another securing element, like any pivot axis, even if this is not shown or visible in detail in the figures.

[0095] By varying the length of strut 130 using nut 133 and, to a certain extent, nut 132, the pivot angle of pivot lever 100 and thus the position of contact element 101 relative to frame 21 can be changed. Contact element 101 can thereby be positioned such that contact surface 102 rests against wall 15a. Thus, a tilting moment of suspension head 13 can be diverted into wall 15a and thus into structural member 2 via compressive forces in pivot lever 100 and tensile forces in strut 130, and a contact force thus transmitted to contact surface 102 of contact element 101.

[0096] Figures 14A and 14B show a further embodiment of a support arm 14 with a pivot arm 140 and a contact element 141 in a perspective overall view and a perspective detailed view. The pivot arm 140 is designed similarly to the pivot arm 100 of the previous embodiment. The contact element 141 is designed similarly to the contact element 101 of the previous embodiment, like the latter, has a contact surface 142, and is pivotally mounted on a free end of the pivot lever 140. In this embodiment, the pivot mounting of the contact element 101 is achieved by means of a pivot axis 143 designed as a bolt, which is secured to the pivot lever 140 with a cotter pin 144.

[0097] Figure 14B illustrates that a distance between the contact surface 142 and a wall not shown in detail here can also be compensated by an allowance 146.

[0098] A strut 150 of an alternative design, which is particularly suitable for use with the previously described support arm 14 with the pivot lever 140, is shown in Figure 15 in a perspective view.

[0099] The strut 150 of this embodiment has two joint pieces 151, 152 and a clamping piece 152. The joint pieces 151, 152 each have a bearing head 155 with a bearing eye 156 at one end and a threaded portion 157, 157' at the other end. The clamping piece has a central portion 153 and two counter-threaded portions 154, 154' extending axially from the central portion 153 to opposite ends of the clamping piece 152. The threads of the threaded sections 157, 157' of the two joint pieces 151, 15V are formed in opposite directions to one another, and the mating threads of the mating threaded sections 157, 157' of the clamping piece 152 are formed in opposite directions to one another and each match the threads of the threaded sections 157, 157' of the joint pieces 151, 15V. In the example shown, the threads of the threaded sections 157, 157' of the joint pieces 151, 15V are external threads, and the mating threads of the mating threaded sections 154, 154' of the clamping piece 152 are internal threads.In this way, with the joint pieces 151, 151' held in a rotationally fixed manner, the length of the strut 150 can be changed by rotating the central part 152. For this purpose, a drive, for example in the form of a wind rod 158, is arranged on the clamping piece 152. Alternatively, the drive can also be designed as a wrench size. The bearing eye 156 is advantageously adapted to a diameter of the pivot axis 143 between the pivot lever 140 and the contact element 141.

[0100] The application of this support arm 14 with the pivot lever 141 and the strut 150 is illustrated in Figures 19A to 19D. Figure 19A also shows a cross-sectional view of the respective external threads 196, 196' of the threaded portions 157, 157' of the joint pieces 151, 152 and the internal threads 195, 195' of the counter-threaded portions 145, 145' of the clamping piece 152. The arrangement and function of the linkage of the pivot lever 140 and the strut 150 by means of joint axes 197, 198, 199 corresponds to the embodiment of Figures 13A to 13D, to which reference is made in this regard. The joint axis 199 corresponds to the joint axis 143 in Figure 14A, and advantageously all joint axes 197, 198, 199 are formed by similar bolts with the same shaft diameter, so that they can be exchanged easily and without risk of confusion.

[0101] The arrangement according to Figures 19A to 19D also includes a modified connection of the suspension head 13 to the structure 2. For this purpose, a suspension adapter 160 is used, which is shown in more detail in two perspective views in Figures 16A and 16B. This has several frame elements 161, 162, 163 in the form of flat or three-dimensionally shaped sheet metal parts, one of which has a lateral contact surface 163a. ​​Bearing bores 164 are provided for receiving bearing bolts 192 for fastening to bores in the frame 21 of the suspension head 13. Mounting bores 165 are provided for fastening, for example, an additional support or other spacer element in the area of ​​the contact surface 163a. Finally, through holes 166 are provided for receiving a retaining bolt 190 for connection to a bracket 90, which is attached to the upper side 2d of the building body 2, by means of a retaining nut 191.For this purpose, the through holes 166 are aligned with an oblique axial orientation. Two through holes 166 are provided at two spaced-apart sections of frame elements 161, 162, so that the retaining bolt 190 is also guided laterally therein. In this suspension adapter, the lateral contact surface 163a can rest against the side surface 2b of the structural body 2.

[0102] An alternative design of a suspension adapter 170 is shown in two perspective views in Figures 17A and 17B. This suspension adapter has a frame 171 formed by two parallel, spaced-apart side plates 172, 172' and connecting plates 173, 174, 175, of which... Bearing holes 176 are provided for receiving bearing bolts for fastening to holes in the frame 21 of the suspension head 13. A through-hole 177 is provided for receiving a retaining bolt for connection to a bracket, which is attached to the top side 2d of the structure 2, by means of a retaining nut. For this purpose, the through-hole 177 is designed to run obliquely so that the retaining bolt can be guided obliquely to the bracket.This type of suspension can be used, for example, in an arrangement similar to that in Figure 9, if the suspension adapter 13 has corresponding bearing bores in the cheeks 30, 30' in the manner shown in Figures 3A to 3C or 4A, 4B.

[0103] Another alternative design of a suspension adapter 180 is shown in two perspective views in Figures 18A and 18B. This suspension adapter has a frame element 181 in the shape of a rectangular tube piece, to which a stop element 182 is attached. Bearing bores 183 are provided in opposite walls of the frame element 181 for receiving bearing bolts for fastening to bores on the frame 21 of the suspension head 13. Furthermore, a through-bore 184, which runs transversely to the bearing bores 183, is provided for receiving a threaded bolt for connecting a downward-facing surface 2c of the structural body 2, and a mounting bore 185 of larger diameter, aligned with the through-bore 184, is provided for attaching an assembly tool to a head of the threaded bolt.As a result, the head of the threaded bolt can protrude on the inside of the through-bore 184 and the shank of the threaded bolt can protrude vertically upward from the overhead contact surface 21a of the frame 21. This type of suspension can be used, for example, in an arrangement similar to that in Figure 8, if the suspension adapter 13 has corresponding bearing bores in the cheeks 30, 30' in the manner shown in Figures 3A to 3C or 4A, 4B.

[0104] It is understood that all suspension adapters 160, 170, 180 are adapted in their width to a width of the interior space between the cheeks 30, 30' of the suspension adapter 13.

[0105] Figures 20A and 20B illustrate, in a plan view, a formwork system on a building structure 2, with the supporting structure 8 consisting of a frame 9 in the form of several support arm disks 201, each of which is attached to the support rail 12. The support rail 12 is suspended from several suspension points 200 provided on the building structure 2 in the longitudinal direction x, each pivot point 200 corresponding to a holding element with a suspension adapter 13 in which the support rail 12 is movably guided. The suspension points 200 are each spaced apart by a distance s from one another, and a travel direction V corresponds to the longitudinal direction x in both the positive and negative directions. Since there are no supporting structures on the building structure 2 from which the supporting structure 8 must be suspended in a fixed location, the supporting structure 8 with the formwork 10 can be placed at any location along the travel direction V.For example, it is not necessary for the support arm discs 201 to always be aligned with the articulation points 200; they can also be arranged between the respective suspension points and there transfer any load, including dead weight and concreting loads, into the building structure 2 via the structures essential to the invention described above.

[0106] The invention was described above using the example of an elongated structure 1, specifically a bridge with a roadway. However, the invention is equally applicable to any type of structure 1 to which a cantilevered concrete component is to be attached using the cast-in-place concrete method. The structure 1 does not necessarily have to be elongated in the sense of a particularly large longitudinal dimension compared to other dimensions; rather, a structure 1 is also elongated within the meaning of the invention if it has a shell edge that extends over a length such that it is practicable to suspend a formwork 8 from the shell structure by means of a support rail 12 slidably guided on suspension heads 13, in order to transfer a concreting load into the shell structure via the suspension heads 13. In this sense, any such shell structure to which the cantilevered component is to be attached can be a beam 2 within the meaning of the invention.

[0107] It is understood that the reference edge 2a is not limited to a sharp edge, but can also be a rounded or chamfered edge.

[0108] The features of the invention described with reference to the illustrated and / or described embodiments may also be present in other embodiments of the invention, unless otherwise stated or prohibited for technical reasons. Furthermore, the subject matter of the invention is defined solely by the independent claim(s). Further subject matter may be formed by any combination of features described herein that is novel compared to the prior art and solves an objective problem in a non-obvious manner, without necessarily requiring other features that are not necessary to solve this problem, even if these other features are present in the embodiments described herein. Details of an embodiment are to be considered exemplary and optional, unless specifically claimed independently. List of Reference Symbols

[0109] 1 building

[0110] 2 Building structure (support)

[0111] 2a Reference edge

[0112] 2b side surface

[0113] 2c lower surface

[0114] 2d top side

[0115] 3 head plate

[0116] 4 head bolts

[0117] 5 Roadway

[0118] 6 Cantilevered part

[0119] 7 cornice cap

[0120] 8 Supporting structure (formwork carriage)

[0121] 9 frame

[0122] 10 Formwork

[0123] 10a, 10b formwork panel

[0124] 1 1 work platform

[0125] 1 1 a running plate

[0126] 1 1 b railing

[0127] 12 mounting rail

[0128] 13 Suspension head

[0129] 14 Support arm

[0130] 15 Side wall

[0131] 15a Side surface (wall)

[0132] 16 Side support device

[0133] 17 Base plate (flat plate)

[0134] 18 Substructure (support)

[0135] 19 Connection plate (Fl an sch plate)

[0136] 20 rail connecting element

[0137] 21 frames

[0138] 21 a Overhead contact surface 21 b Side contact surface

[0139] 22 inner contour

[0140] 23 Command Room

[0141] 24 Opening

[0142] 25 First investment element

[0143] 25a First attachment point (line, surface)

[0144] 26 Second investment element

[0145] 26a First attachment point (line, surface)

[0146] 27 swivel lever

[0147] 27a Swivel axis

[0148] 27b free end (contact element)

[0149] 28 notch (hole)

[0150] 29 latch (pin)

[0151] 30, 30' cheek

[0152] 30a inner surface

[0153] 30b upper flap

[0154] 30c rear flap

[0155] 30d additional flap

[0156] 31 , 32, 33 connecting plate

[0157] 34, 35 stop plates

[0158] 36 contact plates

[0159] 37 Hole

[0160] 38, 38' Force introduction directions

[0161] 39 Longitudinal groove

[0162] 40, 40' side plates

[0163] 41 Pipe section

[0164] 42, 43, 42', 43' bearing plates

[0165] 44 roll

[0166] 45 bearing axis

[0167] 50 rear connecting plate

[0168] 51 upper connecting plate

[0169] 52, 52' support plate 53 contact plate

[0170] 54 Assembly room

[0171] 55 stop plate

[0172] 56 area

[0173] 57 Center

[0174] 58 Mounting opening

[0175] 59 Recording structure

[0176] 60 screw bolts

[0177] 61 head

[0178] 62 mother

[0179] 70 mounting wedge

[0180] 71 first wedge surface

[0181] 72 second wedge surface

[0182] 73 narrow end face

[0183] 74 wide end face

[0184] 75, 76 sub-areas

[0185] 77, 77' side surfaces

[0186] 78 through hole

[0187] 80 through hole (holding element)

[0188] 81 recording area

[0189] 82 inner boundary surface

[0190] 83 outer boundary surface

[0191] 90 console

[0192] 91 Mounting legs

[0193] 92 holding legs

[0194] 93 Stiffening rib

[0195] 94 retaining hole

[0196] 95 retaining bolts

[0197] 96 Mother

[0198] 97 Mounting hole

[0199] 100 swivel levers

[0200] 100a, 100b side bar 100c connecting bar

[0201] 101 Investment element

[0202] 102 contact surface

[0203] 103 Cardan shaft

[0204] 104 Anti-twist device

[0205] 105 locking pin

[0206] 106 bearing bore

[0207] 107 notch

[0208] 108 recess

[0209] 109 Through hole

[0210] 1 10 joint piece

[0211] 1 1 1 Housing

[0212] 1 12, 1 12' side plates

[0213] 1 13, 1 13' connecting plates

[0214] 1 14 Support plate

[0215] 1 15 Guide tube

[0216] 1 16 bearing bore

[0217] 120 swivel axis

[0218] 121 Latch (swivel travel limiting element)

[0219] 122 bore

[0220] 130 Strut

[0221] 131 End

[0222] 132, 133 nuts

[0223] 134 Swivel axis

[0224] 135 Split pin (securing element)

[0225] 140 swivel lever

[0226] 141 Investment element

[0227] 142 contact surface

[0228] 143 Swivel axis

[0229] 144 Split pin (securing element)

[0230] 146 allowance

[0231] 150 Strut 151 , 151 ' Joint pieces

[0232] 152 clamping piece

[0233] 153 Middle section

[0234] 154, 154' counter thread sections

[0235] 155 bearing head

[0236] 156 bearing eye

[0237] 157, 157' threaded sections

[0238] 160 hanging adapters

[0239] 161 , 162, 163 frame elements

[0240] 163a Side contact surface

[0241] 164 bearing bore

[0242] 165 mounting hole

[0243] 166 through hole

[0244] 170 hanging adapters

[0245] 171 frames

[0246] 172, 172' side plates

[0247] 173, 174, 175 connecting plates

[0248] 176 bearing bore

[0249] 177 Through hole

[0250] 180 hanging adapter

[0251] 181 frame element

[0252] 182 stop element

[0253] 183 bearing bore

[0254] 184 through hole

[0255] 185 mounting hole

[0256] 190 retaining bolts

[0257] 191 Retaining nut

[0258] 192 bearing bolts

[0259] 195, 195' internal thread

[0260] 196, 106' external thread

[0261] 197, 198, 199 Articulated axes

[0262] 200 Suspension point 201 Cantilever disc

[0263] A carrier axis

[0264] M Center plane V Travel direction s Distance x Longitudinal direction y Width direction z Normal direction a Angle between the force application directions

[0265] The above list is an integral part of the description.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Suspension head (13) for movably guiding a support rail (12) of a supporting structure (8) for a formwork (10), in particular in the form of a downwardly moving formwork carriage, for concreting a concrete part projecting laterally from a reference edge (2a) of a building body (2) of a building, in particular a cantilevered concrete part, with holding elements provided on the building body (2) at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction (x) of the reference edge (2a), wherein the suspension head (13) is designed to be detachably fixable on one of the holding elements in such a way that a load of the supporting structure (8) transferred via the support rail (12) to the suspension head (13), in particular its own weight and a concreting load of the formwork (10), can be introduced into the building body (2) of the building (1) via the suspension head (13) and the holding element, wherein the suspension head (13) is further designed is,in the guided state, to guide the support rail (12) displaceably in the longitudinal direction (x), and wherein a support arm (14) extends from a frame (21) of the suspension head (13) and is designed to bear against a wall (15a), in particular a side surface of the building body (2), when the suspension head (13) is fixed to one of the holding elements.

2. Suspension head (13) according to claim 1, wherein the support arm (14) has a contact element (27b; 101; 141) with a contact surface for contact with the wall (15a), wherein a position of the contact element (27b; 101; 141) in space with respect to the frame (21) is adjustable.

3. Suspension head (13) according to claim 2, wherein the contact element (101; 141) is freely pivotable about a pivot axis at an end of the support arm (14) remote from the frame (21) at least in a certain angular range and a position of the pivot axis in space with respect to the frame (21) is adjustable.

4. Suspension head (13) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the support arm (14) is pivotable about a pivot axis on the frame (21), wherein a strut (130; 150) is articulated between the frame (21) and an end of the support arm (14) remote from the frame (21).

5. Suspension head (13) according to claim 4, wherein the support arm (14) and / or the strut (130; 150) has an adjustable length between their respective joint axes.

6. Suspension head (13) according to claim 5, wherein the strut (130) has a thread which extends through an articulated connection at the end of the support arm (14) remote from the frame (21) and an adjusting nut can be screwed onto the side of the articulated connection remote from the frame (21) in such a way that the articulated connection can be supported on the adjusting nut, wherein preferably an anti-twist device is provided for fixing the adjusting nut in an adjusted position.

7. Suspension head (13) according to claim 5, wherein the strut (150) has two joint pieces, each having a bearing head at one end and a threaded section at the other end, and a clamping piece with a central part and two counter-threaded sections extending axially from the central part to opposite ends of the clamping piece, wherein threads of the threaded sections of the two joint pieces are designed in opposite directions to one another and counter-threads of the counter-threaded sections of the clamping piece are designed in opposite directions to one another and each match the threads of the threaded sections of the joint pieces, wherein preferably the threads of the threaded sections of the joint pieces are external threads and the counter-threads of the counter-threaded sections of the clamping piece are internal threads, and wherein the clamping piece preferably has a drive, for example in the form of a wrench size or a wind rod.

8. Suspension head (13) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the support arm (14) is pivotable about a pivot axis on the frame (21), wherein a pivot path limiting element is provided on the frame (21) in order to limit a pivot path of the support arm (14) away from the wall (15a), wherein the pivot path limiting element is preferably removable and in particular has a bolt that can be pushed onto, inserted into or through the frame (21), for example in the form of a bolt or pin, and wherein the removable pivot path limiting element can preferably be secured in its position on the frame (21) by a securing element.

9. Suspension head (13) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the support arm (14) is pivotable about a pivot axis on the frame (21), wherein a pivot lock is provided which has at least one locking bore on the support arm (14) and at least one locking bore on the frame (21), which can be aligned with one another in a predetermined pivot position in order to jointly receive a locking element, for example in the form of a bolt or pin, wherein preferably at least on the support arm (14) or on the frame (21) a plurality of locking bores are arranged, which are arranged on a circumference around the pivot axis of the support arm (14), wherein the removable locking element can preferably be secured in its position on the frame (21) by a securing element.

10. Suspension head (13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame (21) defines a guide space (23) for the support rail (12) with a cross-sectionally C-shaped or claw-like inner contour (22) with an opening (24) preferably facing away from the building body (2) for the movable connection of the support rail (12) to the remaining supporting structure (8), wherein a first contact element (25) and a second contact element (26) are arranged on sections of the frame (21) facing the guide space (23) in such a way that the first contact element (25) receives a horizontal force component from the support rail (12) and the second contact element (26) receives a vertical force component from the support rail (12) and diverts it into the frame (21). can, wherein the first contact element (25) rests at a first contact point (25a) on a side of the support rail (12) facing away from the building structure (2), which is further away from the building structure (2) in the horizontal direction than a second contact point (26a) at which the second contact element (26) rests on the support rail (12) when the support rail (12) is guided by the suspension head (13) in the guide space (23). 1 1. Formwork system comprising a formwork (10) with a supporting structure (8), in particular in the form of a bottom-moving formwork carriage, for concreting a concrete part projecting laterally from a reference edge (2a) of a building body (2) of a building (1), in particular a cantilevered concrete part, with a support rail (12), holding elements arranged on the building body (2) at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction (x) of the reference edge (2a), and a plurality of suspension heads (13) for movably guiding the support rail (12), wherein the suspension heads (13) are each arranged and designed to be detachably fixable on one of the holding elements in such a way that a load transferred via the support rail (12) to the suspension heads (13), in particular the dead weight of the supporting structure (8) and a concreting load of the formwork (10), is transferred via the suspension heads (13) into the building body (2) of the building (1). can be initiated,wherein the suspension heads (13) are each designed according to one of the preceding claims and the support arm (14) is supported on a wall (15a) of the structural body (2) in such a way that a moment acting around a contact area of the suspension head (13) on the structural body (2) can be guided at least partially into the structural body (2) via the support arm (14).

12. Formwork system according to claim 1 1, wherein the holding elements have bores (80) for the flange-like attachment of the suspension heads (13) by means of screw bolts and / or for the alignment of the suspension heads (13) by means of pins or the like, wherein the bores are preferably provided on a bottom view and / or a side surface of the building body (2).

13. Formwork system according to claim 1 1 or 12, wherein the holding elements have brackets (90) which are fastened to an upper side of the building structure (2), wherein the holding elements have a fastening leg for fastening the holding element to the upper side of the building structure (2) and a holding leg with a holding bore for holding a suspension head (13) by means of a holding bolt, wherein the holding bore and a bore on the suspension head (13) for attaching the holding bolt are substantially aligned with one another when the suspension head (13) is attached to the building structure (2), wherein an angle of the holding bolt to the horizontal in the attached state of the suspension head (13) is preferably 45° with a deviation of at most 1° or at most 2° or at most 3° or at most 5° or at most 10° or at most 15° or at most 20° upwards or downwards.

14. Formwork system according to one of claims 1 1 to 13, wherein the supporting structure (8) has a lateral support below the support rail (12) which can support the supporting structure (8) laterally against a wall (15a) of the building body (2) in order to divert a moment acting around the support rail (12) into the building body (2).

15. Formwork system according to one of claims 1 1 to 14, wherein the elements of the formwork system and the number of suspension heads (13) per unit length of the formwork (10) are designed to carry the load of the supporting structure (8) itself, in particular without further supporting structures such as tension rods between a supporting scaffold attached to the building body (2) and the supporting structure (8), to be diverted into the building body (2), so that in particular the formwork (10) can be positioned at any point in the longitudinal direction (x) in order to be able to concrete the concrete part.

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