Measuring device and measuring methods for determining parameters of flat hygienic papers and textile-like or textile sheet materials

Abstract

The invention relates to a measuring device (100, 100') for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as flat hygienic papers and flat textile-like or textile materials. The invention also discloses methods relating to how the individual parameters are determined using the measuring device (100, 100').

Description

[0001] Measuring device and measuring method for determining parameters of flat hygiene papers and textile-like or textile surface materials

[0002] The invention relates to a measuring device and a measuring method for determining parameters of flat hygiene papers and textile-like or textile sheet materials.

[0003] From the publication DE 10 2006 007 678 A1, a method and a measuring device for determining the softness of a sheet material, in particular sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like textiles, are known. The measuring device comprises an element that is movably arranged relative to a stationary, at least single-layer sample of the sheet material and that is adjustable relative to the sample by specifying a contact force acting on the sample. A microphone is arranged in the area of ​​the vibrations generated between the sample and the element. This microphone registers the noise generated during the relative movement of the element acting on the sample.The associated method is characterized in that a noise is generated, received and registered in a predeterminable measuring period by the element which is movable relative to the positionally fixed, at least single-layer sample of the sheet material and which acts on the sample with a predeterminable contact force, wherein the generated vibrations are recorded and evaluated by means of a vibration analysis by determining a sound spectrum or a frequency band, and a specific softness of the sample of the sheet material is assigned to each determined sound spectrum or frequency band.

[0004] Further prior art is represented by the documents US 3 383 681 A and US 3 060 719 A.

[0005] Based on the publication DE 10 2006 007 678 A1, it has become clear that the determination of the softness of a sample of a surface material is still considered to be an important or the most important parameter, but users now want further information on certain parameters of the surface materials mentioned.

[0006] The background to this is simply, for example, that users have shifted their attention to other individual parameters as quality parameters of flat materials, which are subsumed under the general term “haptics”, whereby the general term “haptics” as a whole is now also regarded as a quality parameter.

[0007] During manual, user-directed haptic quality testing, the surface material to be tested is touched by the human hand. This results in an interaction between the material and certain sensors in the tester's fingers, which are stimulated by the texture of the fingertips and the papillary lines. The resulting sensory signals are transmitted to the brain, where they are processed—possibly in a different way for each user—to form a subjective impression of "haptic quality."

[0008] The haptic sensation, or "haptic quality," is therefore a subjective quality parameter, dependent on the user, composed of a combination of various parameters. These parameters are various individual, initially relatively independent, properties that shape the haptic sensation, but ultimately interact.

[0009] The object of the invention is to determine at least one further parameter for surface materials in addition to the known parameter of softness, which supports a user in determining at least one or more previously unavailable properties of a surface material or of several different surface materials in comparison, which describe the respective surface material itself or by means of which an objective comparison of supposedly similar or different surface materials with regard to these properties enables.

[0010] The starting point of the invention is a measuring device for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, wherein the measuring device comprises a measuring head and a measuring housing, wherein an element is arranged on the measuring head, which element is arranged so as to be movable relative to a positionally fixed, at least single-layer sample of the sheet material arranged on the measuring housing and is arranged so as to be adjustable relative to the sample by specifying a contact pressure acting on the sample.

[0011] According to the invention, a first microphone is arranged inside the measuring housing, which forms a closed measuring space below the sample, and a second microphone is arranged outside the measuring housing, which microphones jointly or independently of one another register noises generated during the relative movement of the element acting on the sample.

[0012] It is preferably provided that at least one vibration generator is arranged in the measuring head. It is further preferably provided that the measuring head comprises a first motor, a second motor, and a third motor, wherein the first motor causes a rotational movement of the element relative to a sample surface of the positionally stable, at least single-layer sample, while the second motor causes an orthogonal translational movement or a substantially orthogonal translational pendulum movement of the element relative to the sample surface of the positionally stable, at least single-layer sample, while the third motor causes a displacement of a temperature generation and measuring device movably arranged on the measuring head relative to the sample surface of the positionally stable, at least single-layer sample.

[0013] In a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the first motor of the measuring device is connected to a measuring device which determines and records a current profile and / or a torque and / or a power consumption of the first motor during the rotational movement of the element generated by the first motor.

[0014] In yet another preferred embodiment, it is provided that at least one temperature sensor is arranged in the measuring chamber at a predeterminable distance from the positionally fixed, at least single-layer sample.

[0015] Finally, in a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that at least one camera is arranged in or on the measuring head.

[0016] According to the previously explained preferred embodiments, the measuring device can have only some of the mentioned preferred design features or all of them. However, preferred design features can also be omitted in design variants. Figures 2 to 6 show the measuring device in which all preferred design features are implemented, so that all subsequent method steps according to the invention can be carried out.

[0017] The measuring device allows a series of process steps to be carried out according to the following instructions:

[0018] The measuring device makes it possible to carry out a method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, wherein in a separately carried out method step a movable element is brought onto the sample in a translational manner relative to a stationary, at least single-layer sample of the sheet material with a predeterminable contact force while simultaneously rotating the movable element and acts on the sample in a contact-like manner, whereby a noise is evoked, received and registered in a predefined measuring period.

[0019] According to the invention, the vibrations generated are recorded and subsequently evaluated by means of a vibration analysis by determining a sound spectrum or a frequency band by a first microphone arranged inside a measuring housing, which forms a closed measuring space below the sample, and / or by a second microphone arranged outside the measuring housing, wherein a certain softness and a certain roughness of the sample are assigned to the determined sound spectrum or frequency band as individual parameters on the basis of specific peaks in the sound spectrum or frequency band, wherein a certain softness and a certain roughness are assigned to the surface material as individual parameters of the sample of the surface material on the basis of the specific peaks determined in the sound spectrum or frequency band by applying a calculation algorithm.

[0020] The measuring device further makes it possible to carry out a method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, wherein the movable element, in a separately carried out method step, is brought onto the sample in an exclusively translational manner with a predeterminable contact force relative to a stationary, at least single-layer sample of the sheet material and acts on the sample in a contact-like manner, whereby a noise is evoked, received and registered in a predefined measuring period.

[0021] This method step is characterized by the fact that, during the specified measurement period, a vibration generator causes the movable element to vibrate. The resulting vibrations on the sample side are recorded and subsequently evaluated by means of an additional vibration analysis, determining an additional sound spectrum or frequency band. The vibrations are recorded by the first microphone located within the measuring housing and subsequently evaluated. The measuring housing forms a closed measuring chamber beneath the sample. Within the determined additional sound spectrum or frequency band, a peak is generated and recorded as an individual parameter at a vibration frequency in the sound spectrum that can be specified by the vibration generator. The significance of this peak is explained below.

[0022] It was discovered that the vibration of the sample generated by the vibration generator—now rotation-free—also forms a peak with a specific height in the additional sound spectrum or frequency band and at a specific position within the additional sound spectrum or frequency band. It was further discovered that the position and height of the peak depend on the respective basis weight and porosity of the sheet material being examined. The determined specific peak and its position in the additional sound spectrum or frequency band advantageously represent a quantity whose degree characterizes the porosity of the sheet material, with the quantity also being determined using a calculation algorithm.Since the peak in the measuring housing is formed by the rotation-free vibration of the sample generated by the vibration generator in the additional sound spectrum or frequency band, this peak is called the NRV peak, peak during rotation-free vibration (non-rotational vibration peak) of the sample.

[0023] According to the invention, the method step described above for assessing the softness and roughness - without the vibration generator - is carried out before or after the method step described above with the vibration generator - for determining the NRV peak generated by the vibration generator - wherein it is advantageously provided that the specific peaks of the individual parameters softness and / or roughness determined in the sound spectrum or frequency band are transformed by means of a mathematical correction function.This mathematical correction function transforms the specific peaks of the individual parameters softness and / or roughness detected in the sound spectrum or frequency band depending on the position and height of the peak(s) formed by the rotation-free vibration generated by the sample in the additional sound spectrum or frequency band. This allows the dependence of the softness and / or roughness of the surface material on the porosity of the corresponding surface material to be advantageously taken into account by the peak characterizing the porosity. This means that by combining the results of the process steps, an individual parameter of porosity-corrected softness and / or an individual parameter of porosity-corrected roughness is advantageously obtained.In other words, the correction function is applied which transforms and corrects the influence of porosity with regard to the specific peaks of the individual parameters softness and / or roughness by applying the correction function within the calculation algorithm for determining softness and / or roughness, which takes into account the position and height of the previously explained NRV peak in the additional sound spectrum or frequency band.

[0024] The measuring device further allows a method to be carried out for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, wherein the movable element, which in a further separate method step is brought onto the sample in a translational manner relative to a stationary, at least single-layer sample of the sheet material with a predeterminable contact force while simultaneously rotating the element, and acts on the sample in a contact-like manner, wherein it is now provided according to the invention that during the generated rotational movement of the element, a current profile and / or a torque and / or a power consumption of a first motor, which causes the rotational movement, is determined and recorded in a predefined measuring period, so that depending on the respective measurement result, a specific frictional force is indirectly derived as an individual parameter and assigned to the sample,which is caused by the contact between the sample and the element during the rotational movement.

[0025] The measuring device further allows a method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, wherein, in a likewise separate method step, the invention provides that a movable temperature generation and measuring device is moved relative to a stationary, at least single-layer sample of the sheet material in a translational manner with a predeterminable contact force onto the sample and acts in contact with a surface of the sample, wherein the sheet material is heated by means of the temperature generation and measuring device either to a certain predetermined temperature within a predefined measuring period and, at the same time, the temperature change of the sample per unit of time is recorded within the predefined measuring period, or the temperature generation and measuring device is subjected to a certain heating current within a predeterminable time,after which the temperature run of the movable temperature generation and measuring device is determined during this time, so that depending on the measurement results, a specific surface thermal conductivity is derived as an individual parameter and assigned to the sample.

[0026] The measuring device also allows a method to be carried out for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, in which it is possible according to the invention in a further separate method step that a movable temperature generation and measuring device is brought relative to a stationary, at least single-layer sample of the sheet material in a translational manner with a predeterminable contact force onto the sample and acts in contact with a surface of the sample, wherein the sheet material is heated by means of the temperature generation and measuring device in a predefined measuring period up to a certain predefined temperature, wherein furthermore below the sample, on a side of the sample opposite the temperature generation and measuring device, at a predefined distance from the sample, a temperature sensor is arranged, which detects a temperature,The measured temperature is recorded and recorded in a characteristic curve over time, so that, depending on the measurement results, a specific thermal insulation capacity is derived as an individual parameter and assigned to the sample.

[0027] In a further advantageous manner, a method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, can also be carried out by means of the measuring device, wherein the movable element, in a still further separate method step, is brought onto the sample in a translational manner with a predeterminable contact pressure relative to a positionally fixed, at least single-layer sample of the sheet material and acts in a contact-like manner on the sample, which assumes a deflected deformation position, wherein the invention provides that in a predefined measuring period a traveled path difference of the element when the element is pressed onto the sample is determined and registered, so that depending on the measuring results a certain lateral flexibility is derived as an individual parameter and assigned to the sample.

[0028] Finally, the measuring device also serves to carry out a method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, wherein the movable element is brought into translational contact with the sample in a separate method step relative to a positionally stable single-layer sample of the sheet material or the movable element is brought into translational contact with a predeterminable contact force in a separate method step relative to a positionally stable multi-layer sample of the sheet material and acts on the sample in a contact-like manner, wherein the invention provides that the contact force is a predefined test force which brings the sample from its rest position into a deflected deformation position in at least one measuring cycle, wherein a speed at which the predefined test force is to be achieved is predefined in the at least one measuring cycle,wherein, in the at least one measuring cycle, the sample returns to its final deformation position or its original rest position at a predetermined unloading time at which the test force is removed. A traveled path difference of the sample and a period of time in which the sample returns from the deflected deformation position to the final deformation position or the original rest position are determined and recorded in a predetermined measuring period of the measuring cycle, so that, depending on the measuring results, a recovery capacity of the sample is derived as an individual parameter and assigned to the sample. Furthermore, a number of measuring cycles and / or the speed at which the sample is deformed and / or the unloading time at which the test force is removed and / or the test force with which the recovery capacity is determined can be specified.

[0029] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that in the method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, a further separate method step can be carried out by means of the measuring device, in which the surface structure of the sample is photographed by a high-resolution camera, so that a visual image documentation of the sample is available as an individual parameter, wherein further individual parameters are verified depending on the photographic reproduction result of the surface structure.

[0030] The invention is explained in more detail below. The figures show:

[0031] Figure 1 shows a conventional measuring device for determining a softness of the sheet material in an open state;

[0032] Figure 2 shows a measuring device according to the invention in a first embodiment in an open state;

[0033] Figure 3 shows the measuring device according to the invention according to Figure 2, now in a closed operating state in an application state for explaining the recording of individual parameters, namely the softness and roughness of the surface material;

[0034] Figure 4 shows the measuring device according to the invention according to Figure 2, now in a closed operating state in a different application state to explain the detection of a further variable characterizing the surface material, depending on which a porosity-corrected softness and / or a porosity-corrected roughness of the surface material can be derived as an individual parameter;

[0035] Figure 5 shows the measuring device according to the invention according to Figure 2 in the closed operating state in a different application state to explain the recording of further individual parameters, namely a surface thermal conductivity and a thermal insulation of the surface material;

[0036] Figure 6 shows the measuring device according to the invention according to Figure 2, now in the closed operating state in a different application state to explain the recording of further individual parameters, namely a lateral flexibility of the surface material and a recovery capacity of a single-layer surface material and a recovery capacity of a multi-layer surface material.

[0037] According to Figure 1, the measuring device 100S known from the prior art shows a movable element 106, which is referred to below as a scraper element.

[0038] Figure 1 shows the measuring device 100S in an open state, in which the scraper element 106 is not resting on a sample P. This scraper element 106 is connected via a transmission means 104—in the exemplary embodiment, a drive shaft—to a drive 102, which causes a rotational movement of the scraper element 106 on an axis 124 via a first motor 134, which is schematically illustrated in the drive 102. The drive 102 is provided with a second motor 136, which is illustrated next to the drive 102, so that the scraper element 106 can perform a translational movement along the axis 124 in addition to the rotational movement about the axis 124. This translational movement is carried out until a predeterminable contact force F is reached, which is measured by a force measuring device 118.

[0039] In parallel, the path difference As is measured via a path measuring device 132, from which an individual parameter can be derived which corresponds to an elasticity of the sample P of the hygiene paper or textile.

[0040] In the present embodiment, the scraper element is arranged so as to be rotatable relative to the sample P and adjustable, in particular height-adjustable relative to the sample P. Thus, the adjustment here takes place vertically relative to the horizontally arranged sample P.

[0041] The invention is not limited to a rotational movement that takes place relative to the sample P, but rather the invention also includes translational movements or pendulum movements that the scraper element 106 can perform relative to the sample P, wherein these movements that can be performed relative to the sample P are coupled. With regard to the predeterminable path difference As that the scraper element 106 can perform from an initial position relative to the sample P, it is possible through the predeterminable translational adjustment movement that a contact pressure force F on the sample P can be specified. This contact pressure force F, which acts on the sample P and its exemplary direction of action, is shown in Figure 1 by means of arrows in the direction of the sample P. It is also conceivable for the contact pressure force F to act in a direction that is not vertical to the horizontal sample P, but rather at a predeterminable angle deviating from 90°.Associated with the scraper element 106 is a measuring housing 108, which is constructed of vertical side walls and a horizontal bottom wall. Such a measuring housing 108 is not absolutely necessary for carrying out the previous method. In principle, the measuring device 100 only needs to have a holding device on or in which the sample P can be attached.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the side walls of the measuring housing 108 are used to secure the sample P, onto which the sample P of the respective test material (sheet material) is placed or clamped, for example, by simply folding over the edge regions of the sample P. The fastening can preferably be secured via a sealing element 112, in particular a rubber lip, and by means of a holding element 114, preferably a clamp, a rubber, or the like. This arrangement results in a sample plane 122, which is arranged above a measuring chamber 110 in the measuring housing 108. As mentioned, such a measuring chamber 110 is not absolutely necessary in the conventional measuring device 100S.

[0043] The arrangement of the sample plane 120 could also be formed above an open area without corresponding side walls or bottom walls of the measuring housing 108 without forming a closed measuring space 110.

[0044] Preferably, however, such a measuring housing 108 is provided with the formation of a measuring chamber 110 in which a temperature sensor 128 and a humidity sensor 130 (compare in advance Figures 2 to 6 with a humidity and temperature sensor 128 / 130) are arranged as a combination element for measuring a temperature T or a relative humidity o.

[0045] The arrangement is preferably provided in one of the side walls of the measuring housing 108, although an arrangement can of course also be carried out independently of the measuring housing 108 if the corresponding side walls are not formed.

[0046] Overall, it should be mentioned that the measuring device 100S can also be arranged in a climatic room or a climatic chamber in which constant temperature conditions or conditions of relative humidity o prevail, wherein the standard conditions, a temperature T of T = 23 °C and a relative humidity of α = 50%, are preferably used as standard data, which are also generally known from the prior art, for standardizing the measurement. A first microphone 116A, which is connected to an evaluation and calibration unit 126, is arranged inside the measuring housing 108 or in the region of a holding device.

[0047] In the known embodiment, the evaluation and calibration unit 126 is arranged in the first microphone 116A.

[0048] However, these components 116A, 126 can also be designed separately, so that the arrangement shown is only an example.

[0049] Figure 1 shows that the measuring housing 108 is arranged on the force measuring device 118, which is fixedly arranged relative to a base 120 and by means of which the contact force F acting directly on the sample P by the scraper element 106 is indirectly measured.

[0050] The first microphone 116A and also the second microphone 116B explained below are examples of any type of measuring device that is capable of receiving and recording sound spectra or frequency bands, since within the known method a vibration analysis of the noise generated between the scraper element 106 and the sample P is carried out.

[0051] The previous method is explained in more detail as a starting point of the invention using Figure 1.

[0052] The procedure for determining the softness of hygiene paper is carried out as follows:

[0053] A corresponding sample P is taken from a batch of hygiene paper or textile available in practice and clamped onto the measuring housing 108 via the holding element 114.

[0054] The height-adjustable scraper element 106 is first applied to the flexible sample P via the drive 102 via the second motor 136 with a predeterminable contact force F. A preferably material-dependent adjustable contact force F is, for example, 0.1 N, wherein an adjustment path As is also specified and subsequently measured and monitored. The adjustable contact force F is further selected such that the measurement results regarding softness and roughness, explained later, correlate with a manual test of the surface material. Via the drive 102, the scraper element 106 is set in rotation by means of the first motor 134 and generates a noise for a predeterminable period of time Δt, which propagates in a wave-like manner, generating complex vibrations in the area of ​​the sample P.

[0055] A preferred rotation speed is approximately between 1 Hz and 3 Hz, although speeds above and below this can also be used. The adjustable contact force F is selected such that the sample P does not tear.

[0056] The method can also be designed such that the adjustment movement As and the rotational movement begin simultaneously, so that a noise is generated in which the scraper element 106 is pressed onto the sample P with the contact force F during its rotation.

[0057] These vibrations, which are within or outside the human hearing range, are the basis for the aforementioned vibration analysis and the basis for the determination of sound spectra or frequency bands, whereby the term “sound” is also used for vibrations that are both within and outside the human hearing range.

[0058] The vibrations are recorded by the first microphone 116A, which is arranged in the measuring chamber 110 according to Figure 1, in which a corresponding sound field is formed.

[0059] The arrangement of two microphones 116A, 116B is used according to the invention to determine a previously undetermined parameter, as will be explained.

[0060] It should be noted again that, for the comparability of multiple measurements, a measurement room 110 with defined conditions, such as relative humidity c = 50% and temperature λ = 23 °C, and thus consistent ambient conditions (without ambient noise, etc.), is preferred. For textiles, a different standard is applied for measurements, according to which a relative humidity c = 65% and a temperature T = 20 °C are set and monitored as consistent ambient conditions.

[0061] The evaluation and calibration unit 126 belongs to a control device, wherein the evaluation and calibration unit 126 carries out an evaluation of registered vibrations by means of vibration analysis, wherein preferably a sound intensity I and / or a sound level L p The sound pressure p is evaluated and calibrated in predefined ranges of the sound spectra and / or frequencies of the frequency bands. The control device also ensures the described adjustment movements of the scraper element 106 relative to the stationary sample P or vice versa, depending on the design variant used.

[0062] The control device can control and regulate the rotation / translation pendulum movement of the scraper element 106 and the adjustment movement As of the sample P or vice versa and the time period At provided for this purpose, wherein the predeterminable contact force F can also be controlled or regulated via the control device.

[0063] The further adjustment movements and evaluations according to the invention explained below are additionally integrated into the control device.

[0064] Invention:

[0065] It has been found that, in addition to softness, other individual parameters of surface materials are also of interest to the user, which can now be recorded or assessed using a measuring device 100 according to the invention.

[0066] The new, further developed measuring device 100 and the new inventive methods for determining or assessing further individual parameters of the surface material are explained below using the schematic representations in Figures 2 to 6. Identical components are always provided with the same reference numerals.

[0067] The following materials are defined below as surface materials, which can be examined with the measuring device 100 according to the invention or on which the procedures explained below can be carried out.

[0068] First: "Tissue / hygienic paper"; absorbent, finely creped tissue paper made from cellulose. Single-ply or multi-ply as toilet paper, paper handkerchiefs, but also kitchen paper, and paper napkins.

[0069] Second: "Nonwoven" refers to structures made of fibers of limited length, continuous fibers (filaments), or cut yarns of any type and origin, which have been joined together in any way to form a nonwoven fabric (a fiber layer, a fiber web) and bonded together in any way. This excludes the crossing or interlacing of yarns, as occurs in weaving, knitting, or crocheting. Films and papers are not considered nonwovens.

[0070] Third: "diapers, femcare"; absorbent products in various versions made of textile or textile-like fabric, such as nonwoven, for the hygienic absorption of excretory fluids.

[0071] Fourth: "Textiles"; the term textiles encompasses textile raw materials (natural fibers, chemical fibers) and non-textile raw materials that are processed into linear, planar, and spatial structures using various processes, such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids, stitch-bonded fabrics, nonwovens, floor coverings, and felt, as well as spatial textile structures (body structures) such as textile tubes, stockings, or semi-finished textile products for reinforced plastic components. Nonwovens are specifically mentioned under the second heading, although they are considered textiles. Leather and synthetic leather, for example, can also be examined.

[0072] First, Figure 2 shows the measuring device 100 according to the invention for determining the softness as an individual parameter and other individual parameters of the surface material in the open state.

[0073] The open state means, analogous to the prior art, that the scraper element is not resting on a sample P. The open state is further illustrated in Figure 2 by the arrangement and depiction of a protective housing 108B, which is fixedly arranged on a measuring head 108A, symbolized by a housing, of the measuring device 100. In the open state, the protective housing 108B and the scraper element are located further above the measuring housing 108 compared to Figures 3 to 6, which each show a closed state.

[0074] In Figures 2 to 6, the structural devices of the measuring device 100 according to the invention, which are new compared to the prior art, are shown with the same reference numerals, which are listed below, and their functions are explained in more detail below in connection with the procedures.

[0075] 116A, 116B first (lower) microphone and second (upper) microphone in combination 106A temperature generating and measuring device (thermofinger)

[0076] 148 third engine

[0077] 138 Camera

[0078] 140 vibration generators

[0079] 142 Temperature sensor 144 Measuring device

[0080] In other words, the measuring device 100 according to the invention has further devices which were not previously available and which serve to determine further individual parameters in order to be able to assess properties of the surface material in a user-friendly manner, wherein the term sample P of the surface material is again used below as a representative of the materials mentioned.

[0081] First, the individual parameters are defined in more detail which, when combined, lead to a person's "haptic sensation" when touching a surface material, or which are processed into the subjective impression of a "haptic quality" in a person.

[0082] The haptics are essentially determined by the following individual mechanical and chemical parameters, which in combination lead to the overall recorded haptics.

[0083] Property “softness” (“micro-surface variations”) as an individual parameter of the surface material:

[0084] The perceived softness is essentially determined by the microcompressibility of the surface, the frictional force, the fiber type and structure (fiber stiffness) as well as the weave and number of vertical fibers.

[0085] As previously explained, the softness is determined using the well-known 100S measuring device and the associated known method.

[0086] Roughness property (“macro-surface-variations”) as an individual parameter of the surface material:

[0087] The applicant has determined that the perceived roughness of the surface material is determined by the micro- and / or macrotexture of the surface. The respective surface material exhibits such a micro- and / or macrotexture, or the micro- and / or macrotexture can be modified by certain processes, such as the embossing process.

[0088] The applicant has found that, interestingly, the softness of two samples P with the same optically measured roughness but different softness when a person touches the samples P with their hand is assessed differently in terms of roughness due to the different softness of the samples P. It has been found that the fiber structure, with regard to the number and / or length and / or stiffness of the vertical fibers, influences the "roughness" property.

[0089] Property “Stiffness / Elasticity” as an individual parameter of the surface material:

[0090] This property is determined by the fiber morphology of the sheet material, the fiber bonding of the sheet material, the material structure of the sheet material, and in particular in the case of tissue by the so-called refining.

[0091] Mechanical pulps are either produced by milling or grinding from pulpwood or wood waste, or the pulp is extracted from wood chips or wood particles in the refining process.

[0092] P1 / P2: Assessment of the properties “softness P1” and “roughness P2” of the surface material as individual parameters of the surface material.

[0093] Process step V-12:

[0094] The further developed measuring device 100 advantageously records individual parameters which correspond to the subjective feeling of the human hand when touching flat materials and which, in combination (as combination parameters), enable an objective assessment of the haptics of the flat material, wherein the individual parameters can be examined by the measuring device 100 and thus represent an assessment aid.

[0095] Figure 3 shows the measuring device 100 according to the invention according to Figure 2, now in a closed operating state in an application state for explaining the detection of the softness P1 and the roughness P2 of the surface material.

[0096] The basic principle of the method according to the invention further consists in that the specially shaped lamellae of the scraper element, thus the element 106 acting on the sample P, wherein the lamellae are fixed vertically in a rotating metal body (compare the illustration in Figure 3), scratch under a defined contact force F and with a defined rotational speed on the sample P to be measured, which is fixed as a membrane on the measuring housing 108 as a measuring cell.

[0097] Depending on the selected rotation speed, the lamellae of the scraper element are set into vibration in the frequency range of their natural resonance frequency (at approx. 6.5 kHz) by so-called "stick and slip processes", the peaks of which depend on the softness P1 of the sample surface of the sheet material, which in turn is determined by the microcompressibility, the number of free / vertical fibers, the fiber morphology, the fiber type, hardwood fibers or softwood fibers.

[0098] Analogous to the known procedure, a calibration is carried out before the measurement to determine the softness in such a way that a specific reference sound spectrum or a specific reference frequency band is assigned to a specific softness in a predeterminable range of the sound spectrum or the frequency band, whereby a complex key figure - in the sense of objectively summarizing various parameters of the softness of the sample P - is also assigned for this purpose.

[0099] During this measurement process, a peak is recorded in the sound spectrum during the rotation of the scraper element, labeled, for example, "TS7." The corresponding height of the peak, the so-called "TS7" peak obtained from the frequency analysis, is a measure of the softness P1 ("micro-surface variations") of the sample P, specifically the sample surface of the material being examined.

[0100] The sound spectrum for determining the peak “TS7” is recorded with the lower first microphone 116A or with the upper second microphone 116B or in parallel by both microphones 116A, 116B.

[0101] A harder sample P, i.e., a less soft sample P, exhibits a higher peak "TS7" than a softer sample P. In the measuring device 100 according to the invention, this spectrum peak "TS7" is preferably recorded with the upper first microphone 116A and processed in the evaluation and calibration unit 126. This procedure provides the softness P1 as an individual parameter.

[0102] This means that the evaluation of the height of the peak “TS7” in comparison to the calibrated sound spectrum leads to the result that the peak “TS7” correlates with the softness P1 of the sample P, so that now a softness index different from the calibrated complex index of softness P1 can be calculated, which objectively correlates with softness P1 of the sample P.

[0103] Through this procedure, the softness P1 is objectively available as a single parameter as a haptic combination parameter.

[0104] At the same time, the micro- and / or macrotexture of the sample P and the lamellae sliding over it cause the sample P itself, which is fixed like a membrane or a drumhead on the measuring housing 108 as a measuring cell, to vibrate vertically, the height of which, in contrast to the previously described height of the peak “TS7”, depends on the size of the unevenness, ie the roughness P2 or, in other words, the micro- and macrotexture of the surface material.

[0105] It was discovered that in the sound spectrum during the rotation of the scraper element, a peak with a certain height is also generated in a different frequency range during the vibration of sample P, meaning that another peak can be detected. This additional peak lies in the sound spectrum, depending on the rotation speed, for example, between 0.4 and 1 kHz. The detected value, i.e., this parameter value, since it is formed by the vibration of sample P of the sheet material, represents the roughness P2 ("macro-surface variations") of the sample surface of the sheet material. This parameter is designated, for example, with "TS750."

[0106] The sound spectrum for determining the spectrum peak “TS750” can be recorded with the lower first microphone 116A or with the upper second microphone 116B or in parallel by both microphones 116A, 116B.

[0107] Accordingly, before the measurement to determine the roughness P2, a calibration is also carried out in such a way that a specific reference sound spectrum or a specific reference frequency band is assigned in the predeterminable range of the sound spectrum or the frequency band, whereby a complex characteristic number - in the sense of various parameters of the roughness P2 of the sample P, which objectively summarizes - is also assigned for this purpose.

[0108] This means that the evaluation of the height of the further peak “TS750” in comparison to the calibrated sound spectrum leads to the result that the further peak “TS750” correlates with the roughness P2 of the sample P, so that now a roughness index different from the calibrated complex index of the roughness P2 can be calculated, which objectively correlates with the roughness P2 of the sample P.

[0109] Through this procedure, the roughness P2 (“macro-surface variations”) is objectively available as a further individual parameter as a haptic combination parameter.

[0110] It has also been found that the determination of the spectrum peak “TS7” by means of the upper second microphone 116B and the determination of the spectrum peak “TS750” by means of the lower first microphone 116A is preferred, since the spectrum peak “TS750” generated by the vibration can be detected more specifically, i.e. more accurately, by the lower first microphone 116A because the sample P is fixed / stretched on the measuring housing 108 as a measuring cell like a membrane or a drumhead.

[0111] P13 / P23: Assessment of the properties “softness P1” and “roughness P2” of the surface material as individual parameters that can be combined with regard to the haptics depending on the porosity P3 of the surface material.

[0112] Process step V-3:

[0113] With regard to the individual parameters softness P1 and roughness P2, it was further found that a porosity P3 of the respective sample P of the sheet material has an influence on the height of the spectrum peaks "TS7" and "TS750", whereby the influence of the porosity P3 or different porosities P3 of the samples P of the sheet material on the peak "TS750" is strong with regard to the roughness P2, while the influence of the porosity P3 or different porosities P3 on the peak "TS7" is smaller with regard to the softness P1 of the sheet material.

[0114] It was discovered that the measuring housing 108 (see Figures 3 to 6) forms a hollow space as a measuring cell, closed at the top by the membrane-like sample P. The sample P, which is mounted on the measuring housing 108 as a measuring cell, acts as an amplifier of the air vibrations generated in the measuring cell through its membrane vibrations.

[0115] It was found that the greater the porosity P3 of sample P, the lower the air compression in the measuring cell. This leads to a lower height of the "TS7 / TS750" peaks of the air vibrations within the measuring cell, even though the height of the vibrations during sample P vibration itself is the same.

[0116] It was therefore recognized that the spectrum peaks "TS7" and / or "TS750" change depending on the porosity P3 of the sample P and can be advantageously adjusted depending on the porosity P3, so that a more specific index of the softness P1 and the roughness can be advantageously determined than before, since the influence of the porosity P3 is now taken into account, as explained below.

[0117] In other words, with a comparatively small or smaller porosity P3 of the sample P, a strong or stronger air compression takes place in the measuring housing 108 as a measuring cell than with a sample P with a large or larger porosity, although the amplitudes of the vibrating sample P itself have the same amount.

[0118] For further explanation, Figure 4 serves to show the measuring device 100 according to the invention according to Figure 2, now in a closed operating state in a further application state.

[0119] The solution according to the invention, as explained in detail, consists in the fact that (see now Figure 4) it is provided that immediately before the previously explained procedure or after the explained procedure, a method step V-3 takes place, in which an imbalance is generated by a vibration generator 140 arranged in the measuring head 108A, in which the drive 102 is also arranged, which imbalance is transmitted to the scraper element via the axis 124. A constant vibration is generated, so that the constant vibration - however, in this method step V-3 without rotation about the axis 124 - is transmitted to the sample P.

[0120] As is clear from the illustration in Figure 4, in contrast to the illustration in Figure 3, the vibration generator 140 now vibrates and in Figure 4, no rotation of the scraper element about the axis 124 takes place in this method step V-3, so that the rotation arrow about the axis 124 shown in Figure 3 is missing in Figure 4.

[0121] This means that a vibrating translational / pendulum movement of the scraper element is generated without rotation. The adjustment movement As with which the scraper element moves onto the sample P is set, and a predefined period of time At is set during which the scraper element acts on the sample P. The predefined contact force F is also set and controlled.

[0122] The height-adjustable scraper element is thus applied to the flexible sample P via the second motor 136 of the drive 102 with the predetermined contact force F. The adjustable contact force F is preferably 0.1 N, for example, with the adjustment path As being predetermined via the force measurement of the force-measuring device 118 and subsequently measured and monitored. For example, it is preferably provided that the vibration generator 140 is arranged on a carrier plate in the measuring head 108A, wherein the carrier plate also carries the first motor 134 and the second motor 136 of the drive 102. During this measurement, which takes place in the predetermined time period Δt, the membrane-like vibrations of the sample P in turn generate a noise with a specific sound spectrum, which forms in a wave-like manner, generating complex oscillations in the area of ​​the sample P, in particular in the cavity that is sealed off at the top by the membrane-like sample P and amplifies the oscillations.

[0123] The sound signal resulting from this procedure is recorded with the lower first microphone 116A and mathematical correction functions are calculated on the basis of this sound spectrum, with which the previously or subsequently measured spectrum peaks “TS7” and “TS750” can be transformed or corrected.

[0124] The transformation means that a change in the individual parameters softness P1 and / or roughness P2 takes place in such a way that the individual parameters softness P13 and / or roughness P23 are corrected indirectly depending on the porosity P3, as explained again below.

[0125] This method step V-3 is characterized in that, in the predetermined measuring period, the vibration generator 140 ensures that the scraper element vibrates, wherein the vibrations generated thereby are recorded by means of a vibration analysis with determination of an additional sound spectrum or frequency band, which is recorded by the first microphone 116A arranged within the measuring housing, which forms the enclosed measuring space below the sample, and processed in the evaluation and calibration unit 126 and evaluated in an evaluation device, in particular an external evaluation device, wherein within the determined additional sound spectrum or frequency band, a peak is generated and recorded as an individual parameter at a vibration frequency that can be predetermined by the vibration generator.The vibration of the sample P generated by the vibration generator - now rotation-free - forms a VRN peak with a certain height and a certain position in the additional sound spectrum or frequency band within the sound spectrum or frequency band, whereby the position and height of the VRN peak depends on the respective basis weight and the respective porosity of the surface material being examined.

[0126] Advantageously, the process provides for the specific peaks of the individual parameters softness and / or roughness detected in the sound spectrum or frequency band to be transformed using the mathematical correction function. This mathematical correction function transforms the specific peaks of the individual parameters softness and / or roughness detected in the sound spectrum or frequency band depending on the position height of the VRN peak detected in the additional sound spectrum or frequency band and previously explained, generated by the rotation-free vibration, so that the VRN peak characterizing the porosity P3 advantageously takes into account the dependence of the softness P1 and / or roughness P2 of the surface material on the porosity.

[0127] This means that by combining the results of the previously explained method steps, an individual parameter of porosity-transformed softness and / or an individual parameter of porosity-transformed roughness can be advantageously determined. In other words, a correction function is applied within the calculation algorithm that transforms and corrects the influence of porosity with regard to the specific heights of the peaks of the individual parameters softness P1 and / or roughness P2. This means that within the calculation algorithm for determining softness P1 and / or roughness P2, the correction function is applied that takes into account the position and height of the VRN peak determined in method step V-3.

[0128] In summary, the individual parameters softness P1 and roughness P2 are available according to the invention, on the one hand, independently of the porosity P3, and on the other hand, as softness P13 and / or roughness P23 depending on the porosity P3, which is considered a significant advantage of the invention. The previously explained NRV peak is also available as a parameter, which depends on the porosity of the sheet material and the basis weight.

[0129] P4: Individual parameter “friction force” of the surface material.

[0130] Process step V-4:

[0131] As explained above, the perceived softness, i.e. the haptics, is also determined by the surface friction of the surface material, which is felt by the person when touching the surface material.

[0132] As a measure, it is therefore provided according to the invention that the friction force P4 of the surface material is also determined by means of the measuring device 100.

[0133] The procedure essentially corresponds to the process steps V-12 according to Figure 3 in the measurement of softness, in which the sample P is rotated around the axis 124.

[0134] It is thus analogously provided that the specially shaped lamellae of the scraper element, thus the element 106 acting on the sample P, wherein the lamellae are fixed vertically in a rotating metal body (compare the illustration in Figure 3), scrape under a defined contact force F and with a defined rotational speed on the sample P to be measured, which is fixed as a membrane on the measuring housing 108 as a measuring cell.

[0135] In order to determine the frictional force P4 which arises during the rotational movement of the scraper element on the sample P, the first motor 134 is equipped with a measuring device 144 (which is shown in Figures 2 to 6), the measurement results of which correspond to the frictional force which arises between the scraper element and the sample P.

[0136] It is intended that the initial friction force P4.1, which arises when the first motor 134, which generates the rotation, is derived from the measurement results, wherein the friction force which is present when a constant rotation speed is reached is also derived from the measurement results, which is assigned to the respective surface material as the index friction force P4.2.

[0137] It is clear that in this procedure, the specially shaped blades of the scraper element are first applied to the sample P at a defined contact force F. Only then is the first motor 134 switched on and brought to a defined rotation speed on the sample P to be measured in order to dissipate the initial friction force P4.1. The specially shaped blades of the scraper element scrape or rub against the sample P, which is fixed to the measuring cell.

[0138] In addition to the initial friction force P4.1, it is also planned to derive the decreasing friction force P4.3, which takes place over a longer, predefined period of time, from the measurement results.

[0139] In other words, for each surface material, a value corresponding to the surface friction can be determined which, in relation to the initial friction force P4.1, reflects the surface friction of a new, unused surface material. The index friction force P4.2, which is assigned to the respective surface material, reflects a specific surface friction attributable to the surface material, which is independent of whether the surface material is in its new condition or the old condition of a worn surface material. The measure of the derived decreasing friction force P4.3 allows the wear rate of the surface material and the maximum wear of the material occurring due to the surface friction between the scraper element and sample P to be assessed for the respective surface material.The defined contact pressure force F and the defined rotational speed of the scraper element acting on the sample P have a corresponding influence on the measurement results, whereby it can be provided that comparative measurements of a surface material or comparative measurements of different surface materials can be carried out at the same / different contact pressures and / or the same different rotational speeds of the scraper element acting on the sample P.

[0140] The measuring device 144 for deriving the friction force P4 can, for example, be a measurement of the current profile of the first motor 134, which is preferably designed as a DC motor. It is understood that, for example, the determined torque of the DC motor can also be used to derive the friction force P4.

[0141] According to the invention, the initial friction force P4.1, the index friction force P4.2 and the decreasing friction force P4.3 emanating from the index friction force P4.2 are therefore available as individual parameters, which is seen as a further essential advantage of the invention.

[0142] The derivation of the friction force P4 can be carried out independently of the other explained process steps or measurements.

[0143] P5: Individual parameter “surface thermal conductivity” of the surface material.

[0144] Process step V-5:

[0145] Figure 5 shows the measuring device 100 according to the invention according to Figure 2, in a closed operating state different from Figures 2 to 4 in a further application state to explain the detection of a further individual parameter, namely the surface thermal conductivity P5.

[0146] The so-called thermohaptics, as part of the haptics as a whole, is essentially determined by the surface thermal conductivity P5, which in turn is influenced by the material type, material density, material porosity, and material roughness of the surface of the surface material.

[0147] The less dense the surface, i.e., the more insulating air is present at the surface, the warmer the material feels, depending on the thermal conductivity of the material itself. This effect also occurs with any coatings, i.e., the more lotion is applied, for example, to tissues, the cooler the material feels, as the coating material at least partially displaces the heat-insulating air at the surface.

[0148] It is provided (see Figure 5 again) that at least one temperature generation and measuring device 106A is arranged in / on the measuring head 108A, by means of which the sheet material can be heated to a certain predeterminable temperature. The temperature generation and measuring device 106A can simultaneously record, in addition to the adjustable temperature, the temperature change of the sample P per unit of time. The temperature generation and measuring device 106A are preferably NTC sensors, which those skilled in the art also refer to as thermofingers. Such thermofingers advantageously fulfill the aforementioned functions.

[0149] It is intended that the thermofinger is placed on the sample P. It has been found that it is advantageous to use the already existing and repeatedly explained mechanism, which now ensures that the thermofinger - and not the scraper element - rests on the sample P with a specific contact force F.

[0150] It is now intended that the specially shaped lamellae of the scraper element no longer hit the sample P under a defined contact force F, but that the thermofinger hits the sample P with the defined contact force F.

[0151] It is further provided that, starting from Figure 2 (compare Figures 2 and 5), the measuring head 108A, thus the scraper element and the thermofinger, are adjusted together by a predeterminable adjustment path As in a period of time At provided for this purpose in the direction of the sample P, until the thermofinger presses with its tip onto the sample P, wherein the predeterminable contact pressure F is again controlled, which now no longer relates to the pressing of the scraper element, but to the pressing of the thermofinger onto the sample P.

[0152] The thermofinger itself is also movable and connected to the measuring head 108A. It can be moved independently of the height-adjustable scraper element via a third motor 148 relative to the scraper element and also together with the scraper element when the measuring head 108A moves vertically upwards or downwards. Preferably, the thermofinger is first moved a certain amount relative to the scraper element so that the fingertip protrudes above the underside of the scraper element. Subsequently, the scraper element and the thermofinger are jointly moved toward the sample P by a predeterminable adjustment path As within a predetermined period of time At, with the thermofinger being placed orthogonally onto the flexible sample P with its fingertip at the predefined contact force F, which the second motor 136 generates through its adjustment path As. The predefined contact force F is preferably, for example, 0.01 N.

[0153] It is preferably further provided that the thermofinger extends vertically through an opening in the scraper element, so that the thermofinger is arranged locally in the body (not shown) of the scraper element in the state of use, so that the thermofinger, unlike shown, together with the scraper element forms a space-saving arrangement.

[0154] In cases where the scraper element is set in rotation in this integrated arrangement during the described procedures, the thermofinger is completely extended from the body of the scraper element by means of the third motor 148 and does not reach through the intended opening or openings of the scraper element. In other words, the thermofinger can be moved independently of the scraper element from a starting position to an operating position, in which it ultimately rests on the sample P, since its fingertip protrudes a predeterminable distance from the underside of the scraper element. The underside of the scraper element (see Figure 5) does not touch the sample P when this method step V-5 according to the invention is carried out.The scraper element, i.e. the measuring head 108A, is moved downwards together with the thermofinger as explained, whereby the thermofinger is extended a further distance relative to the scraper element so that the thermofinger hits the sample P.

[0155] In the preferred embodiment, the thermofinger moves from the starting position to the operating position through the at least one opening in the body of the scraper element. For this purpose, the scraper element is first rotated into the position in which the thermofinger precisely passes through the at least one opening and, in the operating position, protrudes a predefined distance from the underside of the scraper element with its fingertip.

[0156] In this process step V-5, which takes place in the specifiable time period Δt, the procedure is as follows when the thermofinger is placed with its fingertip on the flexible sample P with the specified contact force F. The thermofinger is switched on, whereby a specifiable target temperature for the thermofinger is set. The thermofinger heats up and the temperature is continuously measured. The time required from an initial temperature to reach the target temperature is determined. The elapsed time is a measure of the surface thermal conductivity P5. The greater the surface thermal conductivity P5 of the surface material, the slower the target temperature is reached in the sensors and vice versa, since the supplied heat - analogous to heat supplied by a person's hand - is dissipated into the surface material.

[0157] In another embodiment, the sample P is subjected to a specific heating current by means of the thermofinger within a predeterminable time, after which the temperature run is determined during this time.

[0158] In other words, the higher the thermal insulation or thermal insulation capability P6 on the surface of the fabric, the faster the temperature rises and / or the target temperature is reached sooner, since the added heat—similar to heat applied by a human hand—is not dissipated into the fabric at the surface of the fabric. It is understood that users of textiles with high thermal insulation requirements are particularly interested in such objectively recorded measurement results regarding the surface thermal conductivity P5.

[0159] In terms of thermohaptics, sheet materials with higher surface thermal conductivity P5 provide a cooler feeling when touched with the hand, since the heat supplied by the hand is quickly dissipated into the sheet material, while sheet materials with lower thermal conductivity on the surface, i.e. good thermal insulation P6, provide a warm feeling, especially on the surface, when touched with the hand, since the heat supplied by the hand is only slowly dissipated into the sheet material at the surface of the sheet material.

[0160] As an individual parameter, a measure of the surface thermal conductivity P5 of the surface material is thus available, which is seen as a further significant advantage of the invention.

[0161] The previous description makes it clear that the individual parameter is the surface thermal conductivity P5, but the thermal insulation P6, as the heat transfer through the surface material, is also of great interest to the user. P6: Individual parameter "thermal insulation" of the surface material.

[0162] Process step V-6:

[0163] For the user, the measuring device 100 according to the invention also provides a measure as an individual parameter with which the "thermal insulation" or thermal insulation capacity P6 of the sheet material can be assessed. The metrological requirements correspond to the previous description of the thermofinger, the fingertip of which is placed on the flexible sample P with the specified contact force F. The thermofinger is switched on to determine the individual parameter "thermal insulation" P6, with a predefined target temperature of the thermofinger being set. This can be the previously explained predefined target temperature, or a different target temperature can be selected. The predefined contact force F is again preferably, for example, 0.01 N.

[0164] The thermofinger heats up within a predefined or predetermined period of time and the temperature rising up to the target temperature is continuously measured.

[0165] In contrast to the previous procedure, the time required from an initial temperature to reach the target temperature is not determined, but the temperature is increased to the specified target temperature and maintained at the target temperature level when the target temperature is reached.

[0166] As also illustrated in Figure 5, the measuring device 100 according to the invention comprises not only the thermal finger, but also, below the sample P, on the side of the sample P opposite the thermal finger, the temperature sensor 142, which is preferably an infrared (IR) sensor. The temperature sensor 142 detects the heat present in the region of the temperature sensor 142, with the temperature being recorded in a characteristic curve over time, the characteristic curve serving as a measure for assessing the thermal insulation of the sheet material. This means that the temperature sensor 142 detects a slow (very good, good thermal insulation properties) or rapid increase (less good thermal insulation properties) in the temperature over time, which serves to assess the quality of the thermal insulation of the sheet material.

[0167] For a surface material with good thermal insulation properties, the gradient of the temperature increase of the characteristic curve is lower than for a surface material with less good thermal insulation properties, since the heat is transferred to the temperature sensor 142 more quickly in a surface material with less good thermal insulation properties than in a surface material with good or very good thermal insulation properties.

[0168] In other words, this procedure provides the user with measured values ​​and characteristic curves for the individual parameter “thermal insulation” P6, which allow him to objectively assess the thermal insulation properties, i.e. the heat transfer of the surface material.

[0169] The thermal insulation P6 of the surface material is therefore also available as an individual parameter as a measure, which is seen as a further significant advantage of the invention.

[0170] The previously described individual parameters, the measure of the surface thermal conductivity P5 of the surface material at the surface and the measure of the thermal insulation P6 of the surface material can be determined separately in the described procedures or they are combined into one procedure so that both of the mentioned measures are recorded together in one measuring process, so that the shutdown of the thermofinger into the described operating state advantageously only has to be carried out once.

[0171] P7: Individual parameter “lateral flexibility” of the surface material:

[0172] Process step V-7:

[0173] The procedure described below is illustrated by Figure 6. Figure 6 differs from Figures 3 and 4 in that no rotation takes place via the first motor 134 according to Figure 3 and that no vibration takes place via the vibration generator 140.

[0174] The structural arrangement for the procedure for determining the individual parameter “lateral flexibility” P7 of the sheet material is similar to the representation of the measuring device 100 shown in Figure 3, which is shown in Figure 3 in the closed operating state (without vibration of the scraper element), but with rotation about the axis 124.

[0175] Figure 6 shows the measuring device 100 in the closed operating state (without vibration) and, in contrast to Figure 3, the scraper element does not rotate about the axis 124 in order to determine the individual parameter “lateral flexibility” P7.

[0176] The scraper element is thus moved vertically downward onto the sample P without rotation (without starting the first motor 134 responsible for rotation) by the second motor 136 until a predeterminable initial force, for example, 100 mN, is determined by the force measuring device 118. A predeterminable final force, for example, 600 mN, is determined when the scraper element has moved slowly and continuously into the flexible sample P. The speed at which the predefined final force is to be reached after the predefined initial force has been reached is adjustable.

[0177] The path difference As traveled by the measuring head 108A or the scraper element, which is pressed into the sample P, is recorded as a measure of the “lateral flexibility” and made available to the user.

[0178] In other words, the user has an objectively measured measure, i.e. a mechanical deformation value, at his disposal for assessing the surface material, which corresponds to the “lateral flexibility” P7 of the surface material, whereby viscoelastic and plastic deformation properties of the surface material are disregarded in this procedure.

[0179] P8: Single parameter “Recovery property of the surface material:

[0180] Process step V-8:

[0181] When determining the "recovery property," the scraper element, as previously explained in Figure 6, is moved vertically downwards onto the sample P without rotation (without starting the first motor 134 responsible for rotation) using the second motor 136 until a preset test force, for example, 100 mN, is determined by the force measuring device 118. The speed at which the preset test force is to be reached, starting from a rest position of the sample P, is adjustable.

[0182] The determination of whether the specified test force has been reached is carried out by means of the force measuring device 118, to which the test force exerted on the sample P is transferred.

[0183] Preferably, after reaching the test force, at which the specimen P is now in a deflected deformation position, a predefined period of time is waited until the specimen P, i.e., the elastic components of the sheet material, have deformed reversibly and the plastic components, if any, have deformed irreversibly. If the sheet material has only elastic components that are reversibly deformed, the specimen P returns to its original rest position after a time of unloading in which the test force is removed.

[0184] If the surface material also has plastic components that are irreversibly deformed, the sample P does not return to its original rest position after the unloading time at which the test force is removed, but reaches a final deformation position that does not correspond to the original rest position.

[0185] Starting from the specified test force which moved the sample P from its rest position into the deflected deformation position, it is now determined in which time the sample P returns to its rest position.

[0186] The restoring force, i.e. the recovery force of the surface material, acts back towards the original rest position of the sample P.

[0187] The sample P is unloaded at the unloading time and the time period is recorded until the sample P, starting from the unloading time, has reached the original rest position or the end deformation position at the later recorded end time, which is determined by the fact that a set counterforce no longer changes at the later determined end time.

[0188] The low counterforce selected, which acts on the sample P after the unloading time, is exerted by driving the second motor 136, which slowly moves upwards due to the restoring force until the force measuring device 118 registers the amount of the predetermined counterforce exerted on the sample P via the scraper element. The predetermined counterforce ensures that the scraper element always contacts the sample P.

[0189] This results in a recovery speed (distance / unit of time) of the sample P between the time of unloading and the later determined end time, in which either the end deformation position or the original rest position of the sample P is reached.

[0190] The user thus has the “single-layer recovery property” P8 of a single- or multi-layer surface material available as an individual parameter.

[0191] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the number of recovery measurement cycles and / or the speed at which the sample P is deformed and / or the unloading time at which the test force is withdrawn and / or the test force with which the determination of the recovery property is carried out can be settable.

[0192] P9: Individual parameter “visual image documentation”.

[0193] Process step V-9:

[0194] The measuring device 100 according to the invention comprises, as shown in Figures 2 to 6, the particularly high-resolution camera 138 for image documentation of the sample P and additionally for the visual analysis of the surface of the sheet material.

[0195] The user therefore also has a view of the surface or the surface structure of the surface material available as an individual parameter, by means of which he can estimate surface materials or compare surface materials or assess the aforementioned individual parameters for plausibility or associated dependencies between the individual parameters, which is also seen as a significant advantage.

[0196] The measuring device 100 is furthermore configured to carry out the method steps V-12, V-3, V-4, V-5, V-6, V-7, V-8 and V-9 of the method according to the invention.

[0197] For this purpose, the measuring device 100 comprises, in particular, a control device (computer with programmable logic controller) in which a computer-readable program algorithm for executing the method or method steps and any required characteristic maps are stored. As explained, the previously described adjustment movements and evaluations according to the invention are carried out by the control device.

[0198] Preferably, device-side control modules of a device-side control device (especially a computer; programmable logic controller) are arranged to control the motors 134, 136, 148, the force measuring device 118, the displacement measuring device, the vibration generator 140, the temperature sensor 142 and the measuring device 114, the temperature generation and measuring device 106A, and the internal evaluation and calibration unit 126. Preferably, an interface is provided by means of which the device-side control modules of the device-side control device communicate with an external evaluation device (computer), wherein, in particular, the evaluation and processing of the measurement results for the user is preferably carried out in the external evaluation device.

[0199] Starting with the measuring device 100 of the first embodiment, a second embodiment of a measuring device 100' is described below, which differs in some technical details from the measuring device 100 of the first embodiment. The measuring device of the second embodiment is shown under the reference symbol 100' with a prime (') in Figures 2A to 6A and is described with regard to the differences from the measuring device 100 of the first embodiment.

[0200] They show:

[0201] Figure 2A shows a measuring device according to the invention in a second embodiment in an open state;

[0202] Figure 3A shows the measuring device according to the invention according to Figure 2A, now in a closed operating state in an application state for explaining the recording of individual parameters, namely the softness and roughness of the surface material;

[0203] Figure 4A shows the measuring device according to the invention according to Figure 2A, now in a closed operating state in a different application state to explain the detection of a further variable characterizing the surface material, as a function of which the porosity-corrected softness and / or the porosity-corrected roughness of the surface material can be derived as an individual parameter;

[0204] Figure 5A shows the measuring device according to the invention according to Figure 2A in the closed operating state in a different application state to explain the recording of further individual parameters, namely a surface thermal conductivity and a thermal insulation of the surface material;

[0205] Figure 6A shows the measuring device according to the invention according to Figure 2A, now in the closed operating state in a different application state to explain the recording of further individual parameters, namely the lateral flexibility of the sheet material and the recovery capacity of the single-layer sheet material and the recovery capacity of the multi-layer sheet material.

[0206] In Figures 2A to 6A, it is clear from a synopsis that the previous temperature generating and measuring device 106A in combination with the temperature sensor 142 in the modified design variant of the second embodiment of the measuring device 100' is shown under the modified reference numerals 106A', 106.1A', as will be explained in more detail below.

[0207] Furthermore, the reference numerals 140', 150' and 152' in Figures 2A to 6A illustrate that the arrangement and design of the previous vibration generator with the previous reference numeral 140 has changed, as will also be explained in detail below.

[0208] In addition, Figures 2A to 6A show another microphone 116C' not arranged in the first embodiment and its function is explained below.

[0209] For a better overview, the structural devices of the measuring device 100' according to the invention of the second embodiment, which are new compared to the prior art, are again listed with their reference numerals, wherein the arrangements, the configurations and the functions of the devices which have changed compared to the first embodiment are explained in more detail below in connection with the procedures.

[0210] 116A, 116B first (lower) microphone and second (upper) microphone in combination and third microphone 116C'

[0211] 106A' Temperature generation and measuring device (thermofinger) with thermal imaging camera 106.1A'

[0212] 148 third engine

[0213] 138 Camera

[0214] 140', 150' vibration generator with vibration element

[0215] 152' fourth engine

[0216] 142' temperature sensor as thermal imaging camera,

[0217] 144 measuring device

[0218] Additional microphone 116C':

[0219] In contrast to the first embodiment of the measuring device 100, the measuring device 100' in the second embodiment initially has an additional microphone, in particular a third microphone 116C'. This microphone 116C' also serves as an example for any type of measuring device capable of receiving and recording sound spectra or frequency bands. The third microphone 116C' is preferably arranged inside the measuring housing 108A, with the measuring housing 108A having an opening in the region of the third microphone 116C' so that noises from the surroundings of the measuring device 100' can be recorded. The third microphone 116C' is also connected to the evaluation and calibration unit 126.

[0220] The measuring device 100' further comprises the two microphones 116A and 116B. When and how the microphones 116A and 116B are used in the first embodiment of the measuring device 100 within the method steps has already been explained in detail in connection with the first embodiment.

[0221] The parameters softness P1, roughness P2 as well as softness P13 and / or roughness P23 are determined as a function of the porosity P3 by means of one microphone 116A, 116B or by means of both microphones 116A, 116B.

[0222] Noises are always recorded. For the comparability of multiple measurements, consistent ambient conditions are assumed, although these are slightly influenced by ambient noise. However, in practice, this ambient noise is sometimes unavoidable, so the measuring device 100' is now equipped with an additional microphone 116C', which is switched on in parallel when at least one of the microphones 116A, 116B is used to detect the ambient noise in parallel.Within the scope of the invention, the evaluation and calibration unit 126 further comprises the computer-readable program algorithm for executing the method or the possible method steps, which is designed to correct the noises recorded by the microphone(s) 116A, 116B in such a way that the background noises detected by the third microphone 116C' are mathematically corrected in the noises recorded by the microphone(s) 116A, 116B. In other words, the measured background noises are "calculated out" from the measurement results of the microphone 116A or 116B or the microphones 116A and 116B.As a result, the parameters softness P1, roughness P2 as well as softness P13 and / or roughness P23 depending on the porosity P3 of several measurements can be better compared with each other, since the effect that different measurement results can be obtained in several measurements due to possible background noise is eliminated.

[0223] Modified arrangement and design of the vibration generator 140':

[0224] The measuring device 100' in the second embodiment further has a modified arrangement for generating vibrations in the surface material of the sample P. In the variant of the first embodiment according to the measuring device 100, the at least one vibration generator 140 is arranged in the measuring head 108A, in which the drive 102 is also arranged. In the previous method step V-3, an imbalance is generated in the measuring head 108A, in which the drive 102 is also arranged, by the vibration generator 140, which is transmitted to the scraper element via the axis 124. A constant vibration is generated, wherein the constant vibration—in method step V-3 without rotation about the axis 124—is transmitted to the sample P.

[0225] In process step V-3, the vibration generator 140 ensured that the rotation-free scraper element in this process step V-3 and thus the sample P vibrated during the specified measuring period.

[0226] It has been found that it is advantageous that the vibration of the sample P can be adjusted more conveniently by means of a separate vibration generator 140' that is independent of the scraper element.

[0227] In the modified arrangement variant of the measuring device 100', it is now provided that the at least one vibration generator 140' is arranged below the measuring head 108A on the measuring housing 108 independently of the drive 102 and the scraper element.

[0228] The vibration generator 140' now comprises a vibration element 150', which is designated and designed as a vibration stamp. The vibration stamp forms a vibration transmission surface at its end when it impacts the sample P of the sheet material in a stamp-like manner orthogonal to the surface plane of the clamped sheet material, as shown in Figure 4A and explained below.

[0229] In the modified embodiment, the vibration generator 140' is equipped with a fourth motor 152'. The fourth motor 152' serves to place the vibration element 150' onto the clamped sheet material, thus onto the sample P.

[0230] Method step V-3 has already been discussed. The method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, using the measuring device 100 remains fundamentally unchanged according to the third method step V-3. However, now it is no longer the scraper element 106 that is translationally movable relative to the stationary, at least single-layer sample P of the sheet material, which is brought translationally onto the sample P with the predeterminable contact force F, but rather the vibration stamp of the vibration generator 140'.

[0231] The vibration stamp 150' contacts the sample P, whereby a noise is generated in the predetermined measuring period after switching on the vibration generator 140' (compare motor at reference numeral 140') and is received and registered by the first microphone 116A.

[0232] During the specified measurement period, the vibration generator 140' ensures that the sample P vibrates due to the attached vibration stamp, wherein the vibrations thereby generated on the sample side are again recorded, as before, by means of an additional vibration analysis by determining an additional sound spectrum or a frequency band by the first microphone 116A arranged within the measuring housing 108A, which forms the enclosed measuring space 110 below the sample P.

[0233] The specific peak determined in this process - as before - and its position in the additional sound spectrum or frequency band is a quantity whose measure characterizes a porosity P3 of the surface material, whereby the size is also determined using a calculation algorithm.According to the previous description, process step V-3 is carried out - as before - before or after process step V-12, wherein the specific peaks of the individual parameters softness P1 and / or roughness P2 determined in the sound spectrum or frequency band are correctively transformed by means of a mathematical correction function which contains the measure of the variable characterising the porosity P3 of the surface material, so that by combining the results of process step V-12 and process step V-3, depending on the measure of the variable characterising the porosity P3 of the surface material, an individual parameter of the porosity-corrected softness P13 and / or an individual parameter of the porosity-corrected roughness P23 is / are obtained.

[0234] The fourth motor 152' serves to bridge the path of the vibrating stamp to the sample P when the measuring head 108A is partially lowered (compare Figure 4A with Figures 2A "not lowered" and 3A "fully lowered"), when the vibrating stamp is to be placed on and subsequently removed from the sample P. Modified design of the temperature generation and measuring device 106A' and the temperature sensor 142':

[0235] The temperature generating and measuring device 106A' and the temperature sensor 142' of the measuring device 100 are used in the method steps V-5 and V-6, whereby the method step V-5 explained so far changes and is thus designated V-5' prime (').

[0236] In process step V-5', depending on the measurement results, a specific surface thermal conductivity P5 is derived as a further individual parameter and assigned to the sample P.

[0237] In the unchanged process step V-6, a specific thermal insulation capacity P6 is derived as a further individual parameter depending on the measurement results in this process step and assigned to the sample P.

[0238] The modified embodiment is further a temperature generating and measuring device 106A' and a temperature sensor 142', which can thus be referred to as such, wherein another embodiment is proposed which has also proven to be advantageous.

[0239] The temperature generating and measuring device 106A' is again referred to as a thermofinger, analogous to the previous embodiment.

[0240] The temperature generation and measurement device 106A' further comprises an NTC sensor as a temperature generation device for generating heat. The NTC sensor of the thermofinger causes a specific temperature of the sample P to be reached at a specific location on the sample P by applying heat.

[0241] It is intended that (see Figure 5) the thermofinger is placed on the sample P as before. As before, the already existing and repeatedly explained mechanism (drive via the first motor 134) is used for this purpose, whereby it is further ensured that the thermofinger (see Figure 5A) sits or is placed on the sample P with a certain contact force F, independent of the scraper element.

[0242] As before, the thermofinger is movable and connected to the measuring head 108A. The thermofinger can be moved relative to the scraper element or the measuring head 108A, firstly via the second motor 136 together with the scraper element when the measuring head 108A moves vertically upwards or downwards, and secondly via the third motor 148 independently of the height-adjustable scraper element.

[0243] Modified process step V5'

[0244] It is preferably provided that the thermofinger (see Figure 5A) is first moved together with the scraper element by a certain amount and then independently of the scraper element relative to the scraper element, so that the fingertip of the thermofinger protrudes over the underside of the scraper element.

[0245] Subsequently, the scraper element and the thermofinger are adjusted together by a predeterminable adjustment path As in a period of time At provided for this purpose in the direction of the sample P, wherein the thermofinger is placed orthogonally onto the flexible sample P with its fingertip with the predefined contact force F, which the second motor 136 generates after its adjustment path As and the impact of the fingertip on the sample P.

[0246] Before being put on, the thermofinger is heated up to a certain predetermined temperature within a specified measuring period.

[0247] In the modified design, the heat is transferred to the sample P only in a short, predetermined contact time of the fingertip (e.g. fingertip of the thermofinger approximately 30° contact time, for example 1 to 10 s).

[0248] Subsequently, at the end of the predetermined contact period, the thermofinger or its fingertip is immediately moved away from the sample P again by means of the third motor 148, whereby this method step V-5' differs from the method step V-5 of the measuring device 100 of the first embodiment.

[0249] The individual parameter, the surface thermal conductivity P5, is now derived in a different technical way.

[0250] In the modified embodiment, the temperature generation and measuring device 106A' comprises a thermal imaging camera 106.1A', which advantageously determines a temperature profile of the cooling, previously heated, location of the sample P in a non-contact manner.

[0251] Due to the fact that the thermofinger is contact-free on the sample side, the influence of a fingertip of the thermofinger resting on the sample surface during the determination of the surface thermal conductivity is no longer present when recording the temperature profile - as was previously the case.

[0252] It goes without saying that the thermofinger will return to its original position after the temperature curve has been recorded.

[0253] As explained in the first embodiment of the measuring device 100, the individual parameter surface thermal conductivity P5 of the surface material is thus provided by means of the measuring device 100', which is seen as a further essential advantage of the invention.

[0254] As already explained, in addition to the individual parameter surface thermal conductivity P5, the thermal insulation P6 of the surface material, i.e. the heat transfer through the surface material of the sample P, is of great interest to the user.

[0255] In the measuring device 100' of the second embodiment, the temperature sensor 142' (see Figure 6A) is advantageously also a thermal imaging camera. The thermal imaging camera detects the heat present in the area of ​​the temperature sensor 142', with the temperature being recorded in a characteristic curve over time, which in turn serves as a measure for assessing the thermal insulation of the respective sample P of the sheet material. This means that the temperature sensor 142' detects a slow (very good, good thermal insulation properties) or rapid increase (less good thermal insulation properties) in the temperature over time, which serves to assess the quality of the thermal insulation of the sheet material.For a surface material with good thermal insulation properties, the gradient of the temperature increase of the characteristic curve is lower than for a surface material with less good thermal insulation properties, since the heat is transferred to the temperature sensor 142' more quickly in a surface material with less good thermal insulation properties than in a surface material with good or very good thermal insulation properties.

[0256] In other words, this procedure, which is fundamentally unchanged compared to process step V-6 of the first embodiment, also provides the user of the measuring device 100' with measured values ​​and characteristic curves for the individual parameter "thermal insulation" P6, which allow him to objectively assess the thermal insulation properties, i.e. the respective heat transfer of the surface materials examined.

[0257] The measuring device 100' of the second embodiment, like the measuring device 100, is configured to carry out method steps V-12, V-3, V-4, V-6, V-7, V-8, and V-9 of the method according to the invention, whereby in the measuring device 100', only method step V5' differs from method step V5 of the measuring device 100 according to the first embodiment. Thus, the measuring device 100' of the second embodiment can carry out method steps V-12, V-3, V-4, V-5', V-6, V-7, V-8, and V-9.

[0258] For this purpose, the measuring device 100' also includes, in particular, a control device (computer with programmable logic controller) in which a computer-readable program algorithm for executing the method or method steps and any required characteristic maps are stored. As explained, the previously described adjustment movements and evaluations according to the invention are carried out by the control device.

[0259] Preferably, it is further provided that device-side control modules of a device-side control device (especially a computer; programmable logic controller) are arranged to control the motors 134, 136, 148, 152', the force measuring device 118, the displacement measuring device, the vibration generator 140', the temperature sensor 142' and the measuring device 114, the temperature generating and measuring device 106A', 106.1A' and the microphones 116A, 116B and 116C' as well as the other components required to carry out the method and explained in the description, as well as the internal evaluation and calibration unit 126. Preferably, the interface is again designed by means of which the device-side control modules of the device-side control device communicate with an external evaluation device (computer), wherein in particular the evaluation and processing of the measurement results for the user is preferably carried out in the external evaluation device.

[0260] Reference symbol S measuring device (state of the art, Figure 1)

[0261] Measuring device (invention, Figures 2 to 6) in a first embodiment' Measuring device (invention, Figures 2A to 6A) in a second embodiment

[0262] drive

[0263] Transmission means (drive shaft)

[0264] Element (scraper element) A Temperature generation and measuring device A' Temperature generation and measuring device .1A' Thermal imaging camera

[0265] Measuring housing A Measuring head B Protective housing below the measuring head

[0266] Measuring room (sound field)

[0267] Sealing element (rubber lip)

[0268] Holding element A first (lower) microphone B second (upper) microphone C' third (lower) microphone

[0269] Force measuring device

[0270] Underground

[0271] Sample level

[0272] axis

[0273] Evaluation and calibration unit

[0274] Temperature sensor (T) (temperature)

[0275] Humidity sensor (co) (relative humidity)

[0276] Position measuring device first motor second motor

[0277] camera

[0278] Vibration generator ' Vibration generator

[0279] Temperature sensor ' Temperature sensor

[0280] Measuring device 148 third engine

[0281] 150' vibration element

[0282] 152' fourth engine

[0283] F penetration force

[0284] P sample p sound pressure f frequency

[0285] I Sound intensity

[0286] L Sound pressure level

[0287] K Softness index

[0288] At measurement period

[0289] As path difference

[0290] T Temperature o Humidity

Claims

Patent claims 1. Measuring device (100, 100') for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, wherein the measuring device (100, 100') comprises a measuring head (108A) and a measuring housing (108), wherein an element (106) is arranged on the measuring head (108A), which element is arranged to be movable relative to a positionally fixed, at least single-layer sample (P) of the sheet material arranged on the measuring housing (108) and is arranged to be adjustable relative to the sample (P) by specifying a contact force (F) acting on the sample (P), characterized in that a first microphone (116A) is arranged within the measuring housing (108), which forms a closed measuring space (110) below the sample (P), and a second microphone (116B) is arranged outside the measuring housing (108), which together or independently of one another record noises register,which are generated during the relative movement of the element (106) acting on the sample (P).

2. Measuring device (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one vibration generator (140) is arranged in the measuring head (108A), which transmits a vibration to the element (106) and from the element (106) to the sample (P).

3. Measuring device (100') according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one vibration generator (140') is arranged on the measuring head (108A), which transmits a vibration directly to the sample (P) via a vibration element (150').

4. Measuring device (100) according to at least one of claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the measuring head (108A) comprises a first motor (134), a second motor (136) and a third motor (148), wherein - the first motor (134) causes a rotational movement of the element (106) relative to a sample surface of the positionally stable, at least single-layer sample (P), - while the second motor (136) causes an orthogonal translational movement or a substantially orthogonal translational pendulum movement of the element (106) relative to the sample surface of the positionally fixed, at least single-layer sample (P), - while the third motor (148) causes a displacement of a temperature generating and measuring device (106) movably arranged on the measuring head (108) orthogonal to the sample surface of the fixed, at least single-layer sample (P) causes.

5. Measuring device (100') according to at least one of claims 1 and / or 3, characterized in that the measuring head (108A) comprises a first motor (134), a second motor (136) and a third motor (148) and a fourth motor (152'), wherein - the first motor (134) causes a rotational movement of the element (106) relative to a sample surface of the positionally stable, at least single-layer sample (P), - while the second motor (136) causes an orthogonal translational movement of the element (106) relative to the sample surface of the fixed, at least single-layer sample (P), - while the third motor (148) causes a displacement of a temperature generating and measuring device (106) movably arranged on the measuring head (108) orthogonal to the sample surface of the fixed, at least single-layer sample (P), - while the fourth motor (152') causes an adjusting movement of the vibration element (150') of the vibration generator (140') arranged on the measuring head (108A).

6. Measuring device (100, 100') according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the first motor (134) is connected to a measuring device (144) which determines and records a current profile and / or a torque and / or a power consumption of the first motor (134) during the rotational movement of the element (106) generated by the first motor (134).

7. Measuring device (100, 100') according to claim 1, characterized in that in the measuring space (110) at least one temperature sensor (142, 142') is arranged at a predeterminable distance from the positionally fixed, at least single-layer sample (P).

8. Measuring device (100') according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one further microphone (116C') is arranged in the measuring space (110).

9. Measuring device (100, 100') according to claim 1, characterized in that in or on the measuring head (108A) at least one camera (138) is arranged for image documentation of the sample (P) and additionally for visual analysis of the surface of the sheet material of the sample (P).

10. Method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials by means of the Measuring device (100, 100'), wherein in a method step (V-12) a movable element (106) is brought translationally relative to a positionally fixed, at least single-layer sample (P) of the sheet material with a predeterminable contact force (F) with simultaneous rotation of the element (106) onto the sample (P) and acts on the sample (P) in a contacting manner, whereby a noise is evoked, received, and registered within a predefined measuring period, characterized in that the generated vibrations are detected by means of a vibration analysis with determination of a sound spectrum or a frequency band by a first microphone (116A) arranged within a measuring housing (108), which forms a closed measuring chamber (110) below the sample (P), and by a second microphone (116B) arranged outside the measuring housing (108),whereby a specific softness (P1) and a specific roughness (P2) are assigned to the surface material as individual parameters of the sample (P) of the surface material on the basis of specific peaks determined in the sound spectrum or frequency band by applying a calculation algorithm.

11. Method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials by means of the measuring device (100, 100'), wherein in a method step (V-3) a movable element (106, 150') is brought relative to a stationary, at least single-layer sample (P) of the sheet material in a translational manner with a predeterminable contact force (F) onto the sample (P) and acts on the sample (P) in a contact-like manner, whereby a noise is generated, received and registered in a predefined measuring period, characterized in that in the predefined measuring period, a vibration generator (140) ensures that the element (106, 150') vibrates, wherein the vibrations thereby generated on the sample side are determined by means of an additional vibration analysis by determining an additional sound spectrum or a frequency band by the inside of the measuring housing (108),which forms the enclosed measuring space (110) below the sample (P), wherein a determined specific peak and its position in the additional sound spectrum or frequency band is a quantity whose measure characterizes a porosity (P3) of the surface material, wherein the quantity is also determined using a calculation algorithm.

12. Method according to claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the method step (V-3) according to claim 11 is carried out before or after the method step (V-12) according to claim 10, wherein the sound spectrum or frequency band determined specific peaks of the individual parameters softness (P1) and / or roughness (P2) are correctively transformed by means of a mathematical correction function which contains the measure of the variable characterising the porosity (P3) of the surface material, so that by combining the results of process step (V-12) and process step (V-3) as a function of the measure of the variable characterising the porosity (P3) of the surface material, an individual parameter of the porosity-corrected softness (P13) and / or an individual parameter of the porosity-corrected roughness (P23) is / are obtained.

13. A method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, by means of the measuring device (100, 100'), wherein in a method step (V-4), a movable element (106) is brought relative to a stationary, at least single-layer sample (P) of the sheet material in a translational manner with a predeterminable contact force (F) while simultaneously rotating the element (106) and acts on the sample (P) in a contact-like manner, characterized in that during the generated rotational movement of the element (106) in a predefined measuring period, a current profile and / or a torque and / or a power consumption of a first motor (134) causing the rotational movement is determined and recorded, so that, depending on the respective measurement result, a specific frictional force (P4) is indirectly derived as an individual parameter and assigned to the sample (P),which is caused by the contact between sample (P) and the element (106) during the rotational movement., 14. A method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, by means of the measuring device (100), characterized in that in a method step (V-5), a movable temperature generating and measuring device (106) is moved relative to a stationary, at least single-layer sample (P) of the sheet material in a translational manner with a predeterminable contact force (F) onto the sample (P) and acts in a contact-like manner on a surface of the sample (P), wherein the sheet material is heated by means of the temperature generating and measuring device (106) either to a specific predefined temperature within a predefined measuring period and, at the same time, the temperature change of the sample (P) per unit of time is recorded within the predefined measuring period, or the temperature generating and measuring device (106A) is subjected to a specific heating current within a predeterminable time,after which the temperature run is determined during this time, so that depending on the measurement results a certain surface thermal conductivity (P5) is derived as an individual parameter and, is assigned to the sample (P).

15. A method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials, by means of the measuring device (100'), characterized in that in a method step (V-5') a movable temperature generating and measuring device (106A') is subjected to a specific heating current within a predeterminable time and is then moved translationally relative to a stationary, at least single-layer sample (P) of the sheet material with a predeterminable contact force (F) onto the sample (P) and acts in contact with a surface of the sample (P) for a predeterminable period of time, wherein the sheet material is heated to a specific predeterminable temperature within a predeterminable measuring period by means of the temperature generating and measuring device (106A') and the temperature generating and measuring device (106A') is then removed from the sample (P) again so that the contact is broken,after which a temperature profile of the surface material of the sample (P) is determined by means of a thermal imaging camera (106.1A'), so that, depending on the measurement results, a specific surface thermal conductivity (P5) is derived as an individual parameter and assigned to the sample (P).

16. A method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials by means of the measuring device (100, 100'), characterized in that in a method step (V-6) a movable temperature generating and measuring device (106A, 106A') is brought relative to a stationary, at least single-layer sample (P) of the sheet material in a translational manner with a predeterminable contact force (F) onto the sample (P) and acts in a contacting manner on a surface of the sample (P), wherein the sheet material is heated by means of the temperature generating and measuring device (106A, 106A') in a predefined measuring period up to a certain predefined temperature, wherein below the sample (P), on a side of the sample (P opposite the temperature generating and measuring device (106A, 106A'), at a predefined distance from the sample (P), a temperature sensor (142, 142') is arranged,which records a temperature, whereby the recorded temperature is recorded and recorded in a characteristic curve over time, so that depending on the measurement results, a certain thermal insulation capacity (P6) is derived as an individual parameter and assigned to the sample (P).

17. Method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like textile or textile materials by means of the Measuring device (100, 100'), wherein in a method step (V-7) a movable element (106) is brought relative to a positionally fixed, at least single-layer sample (P) of the sheet material in a translational manner with a predeterminable contact pressure (F) onto the sample (P) and acts on the sample (P) in a contact-like manner, characterized in that in a predefined measuring period a traveled path difference (As) of the element (106) when the element (106) is pressed onto the sample (P) is determined and registered, so that depending on the measuring results a specific lateral flexibility (P7) is derived as an individual parameter and assigned to the sample (P).

18. Method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials by means of the measuring device (100, 100'), wherein in a method step (V-8) a movable element (106) is brought translationally onto the sample (P) relative to a positionally fixed sample (P) of the sheet material with a predeterminable contact pressure (F) and acts on the sample (P) in a contact-like manner, characterized in that the contact pressure (F) is a predefined test force which brings the sample (P) from its rest position into a deflected deformation position in at least one measuring cycle, wherein in the at least one measuring cycle a speed at which the predefined test force is to be achieved is predefined, wherein the sample (P) in the at least one measuring cycle at a predefined unloading time in which the test force is withdrawn,returns to its final deformation position or its original rest position, wherein in a predetermined measuring period of the measuring cycle, a travelled path difference (As) of the sample (P) and a period of time are determined and recorded in which the sample (P) returns from the deflected deformation position to the final deformation position or the original rest position, so that, depending on the measuring results, a recovery capacity (P8) of the sample (P) is derived as an individual parameter and assigned to the sample (P), wherein furthermore a number of measuring cycles and / or the speed at which the sample (P) is deformed and / or the unloading time at which the test force is removed and / or the test force with which the determination of the recovery capacity is carried out can be specified.

19. Method for determining individual parameters of sheet materials, such as sheet-like hygiene papers and sheet-like, textile-like or textile materials by means of the measuring device (100, 100'), characterized in that in a method step (V-9) the surface structure of the sample (P) is photographed by a high-resolution camera (138), so that a visual image documentation (P9) of the Sample (P) is available, whereby further individual parameters are verified depending on the photographic reproduction result of the surface structure.

Images