PARAFFINIC PLANT PROTECTION OIL COMPOSITION

Abstract

The invention relates to a plant protection composition comprising at least: a paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction comprising isoparaffins, normal paraffins, and naphthenes; an alkoxylated oleic acid; a sorbitan ester; and an alkoxylated isotridecanol. The invention also relates to the uses of this composition for treating diseases, particularly those caused by fungi or insects, or for fertilizing plants, and to methods of applying plant protection products to crops, comprising at least one application step, preferably by sprinkling, spraying, or dredging using a drone, of the plant protection composition according to the invention.

Description

Description Title of the invention: PHYTO- OIL COMPOSITION PARAFFINIC SANITARY WARE FIELD OF INVENTION

[0001] — The invention relates to a composition based on a phytosanitary oil of the coupon type paraffin hydrocarbon for phytosanitary treatment of plants by spraying Aerial mapping using drones and processing methods. The invention also concerns the uses of this composition for the treatment of diseases, particularly those caused by fungi or insects, or for the plant fertilization. TECHNICAL CONTEXT OF THE INVENTION

[0002] It is known to use phytosanitary compositions to ensure the protection of crops, these compositions can act as fungicides or insecticides but also fertilizer. They are generally sprayed on crops under in the form of solutions in water or water / oil or oil / water emulsions, in the presence of surfactant additives. The oil itself has a well-known fungistatic effect contributing to slowing the development of the disease.

[0003] — For a long time, petroleum-derived oils emulsified in water have been pul- tested on crops for insecticidal purposes. Properly prepared, such Oils can affect fungi and parasites while having no effect negative for plant development. Among conventional refined oils, obtained from crude oil and / or distillates from refining, by extraction at whether solvent or hydrotreating base oils, the manufacturer will choose those that will be the least toxic but most effective, for example against insects and / or fungal attacks. It has thus been observed that the more the manufactured oil is pa- raffinic, that is to say includes compounds of saturated, linear carbon chains or The more connected it is, the more effective it is against insects and the less it is phy- toxic to plants.

[0004] — To optimize field applications, end users need to certain supplements to improve the performance of the active ingredients at the time of the application. These supplements are adjuvants. The functions of these adjuvants are to reduce drift, improve the quality of the spray mixture, and increase resistance to leaching, improved tissue penetration among other things, and allow integration an economic and environmental component by reducing consumption of pesticides.

[0005] — Various methods of fungicide treatment of crops are described in the literature. Application WO 03 / 073858 describes a method for controlling plant diseases by inhibiting the extracellular enzymes of contaminating microorganisms. This application demonstrates the effectiveness of boron, in the form of boric acid, in inhibiting extracellular degradative enzymes. However, such aqueous solutions or suspensions are not suitable for aerial application. Furthermore, this composition has proven phytotoxic to certain plants at effective concentrations. Finally, its effectiveness against certain diseases, such as black Sigatoka, has not been demonstrated. Application WO 2005 / 074687, on the other hand, describes a method for treating banana diseases by applying a polyene antibiotic, preferably natamycin. This antibiotic is prepared in an aqueous solution and then sprayed onto the plants, or the plants are immersed in the solution.Repeated use of such an antibiotic presents a risk of the development of resistance and is therefore a danger to ecosystems. Applications WO 2011 / 070503 and WO 2013 / 092977 filed by the Applicant both describe compositions for phytosanitary use. Document WO 2011 / 070503 describes an emulsifiable concentrate for plant protection products, comprising more than 90% by weight of at least one mixture of hydrocarbons distilled above 250°C, comprising less than 20% by weight of n-paraffins and less than 1% by weight of aromatics, and 1 to 4% by weight of a mixture of at least two surfactants, TA1 and TA2, such that TA2 is more hydrophobic than TA1 and the HLB of the mixture varies from 6 to 10. The weight content of the concentrate of n-paraffins relative to the total amount of hydrocarbons distilled is therefore strictly less than 20%. In practice, isoparaffins represent more than 90% by weight of the total paraffins. The plant protection activity illustrated is insecticidal activity on citrus crops. Document WO 2013 / 092977 relates to the use of an oil emulsion as an acaricide, insecticide, and fungicide for the treatment of stems and leaves of a plant during its growth in confined, high-intensity growing areas. The emulsion comprises water and a petroleum-derived paraffin oil with a boiling point of 200°C to 450°C, a viscosity of 20 mm / s or less at 40°C, and a sulfonable residue content of at least 95% according to ASTM D483. The compositions are tested for acaricidal and powdery mildew activity on rose crops. The compositions described in this document contain a very low level of n-paraffins compared to isoparaffins. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles, more commonly known as drones, for agricultural purposes has grown significantly in recent years. They allow access to steep terrain and enable spraying very close to the ground. To meet the needs of plant protection treatments, drones are promising tools in agriculture. While spraying drones can be part of the range of new technologies that can improve plant protection treatments, their development in this area is still in its infancy. In particular, the formulations of plant protection products traditionally used in agriculture are not suitable. Indeed, the use of plant protection products in aerial spraying treatments using a drone requires the spray mixture to remain stable for a longer period, more than ten hours, instead of one hour for conventional adjuvants, in order to allow treatments to be carried out throughout the day. None of the prior art documents propose to modify the compositions traditionally used in agriculture for phytosanitary treatment in order to make it compatible with the use of drones. Therefore, there remains a need for a treatment composition for fungal plant diseases that is effective and non-toxic to the user, the plant or the environment, but above all, one that can be used in the context of aerial spraying treatment using a drone. The applicant was surprised to find that this need can be met by a new phytosanitary composition for crop treatment. The present invention aims to provide a composition whose spreading slurry is stable over a longer period of time, greater than 10 hours or even 24 hours. Furthermore, the present invention aims to provide a composition that reduces drift, improves spray quality, increases resistance to leaching, improves penetration into tissues, improves the anti-evaporation effect among others, and that allows for the integration of an economic and environmental component by reducing pesticide consumption. The composition of the invention has the advantage of not blocking photosynthesis and not slowing down plant growth The present invention also aims to provide a plant disease treatment composition with a suitable viscosity, i.e. without risk of altering the plant's metabolism. Summary of the invention The invention relates primarily to a plant protection composition comprising at least: a paraffinic hydrocarbon cut that includes isoparaffins, normal paraffins and naphthenes, an alkoxylated oleic acid, a sorbitan ester, and an alkoxylated isotridecanol. The invention also relates to the use for the phytosanitary treatment of plants of a composition comprising at least: a paraffinic hydrocarbon cut which includes isoparaffins of the pa- normal refiners and naphthenes, an alkoxylated oleic acid, a sorbitan ester, and an alkoxylated isotridecanol. The invention further relates to a method of phytosanitary treatment of crops comprising at least one application step, preferably by sprinkling, spraying or spreading using a drone, of the phytosanitary composition according to the invention. According to an advantageous embodiment, the hydrocarbon cut comprises an isoparaffins content by weight of less than 75%, preferably less than or equal to 65% and preferably less than or equal to 50% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon cut. According to an advantageous embodiment, the hydrocarbon cut comprises a normal paraffin content by weight of less than or equal to 5% and preferably less than or equal to 2% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon cut. According to an advantageous embodiment, the hydrocarbon cut comprises a weight content of naphthenic compounds ranging from 15 to 45%, more preferably from 35 to 40% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon cut. According to an advantageous embodiment, the hydrocarbon cut comprises 15 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 16 to 27 carbon atoms, more preferably 17 to 25 carbon atoms, even more preferably 18 to 22 carbon atoms. According to an advantageous embodiment, the hydrocarbon cut has a carbon distribution between C15 and C25 according to ASTM D2887, more preferably between C18 and C22 according to ASTM D2887. According to an advantageous embodiment, the hydrocarbon cut comprises a weight content of non-sulfonable residues greater than or equal to 95%, preferably greater than or equal to 97%, preferably greater than or equal to 98% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon cut. According to an advantageous embodiment, the hydrocarbon cut has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range of 250 to 400 °C, preferably 260 to 390 °C and preferably 305 to 350 °C according to ASTM D86. According to an advantageous embodiment, the hydrocarbon cut has a kinematic viscosity at 40°C ranging from 6 to 13 mm' / s, preferably from 6 to 12 mm' / s and more preferably from 6 to 8 mm' / s according to ASTM D445. According to an advantageous embodiment, the hydrocarbon cut has a pour point greater than or equal to -63 °C, preferably greater than or equal to -50 °C and preferably greater than or equal to -43 °C according to ASTM D97. According to an advantageous embodiment, the hydrocarbon cut represents an amount ranging from 50 to 99% by weight relative to the total weight of the phytosanitary composition. According to an advantageous embodiment, the plant protection composition is in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oil emulsion. According to an advantageous embodiment, the use of the phytosanitary composition is for application by spraying on crops, in particular by spraying or spreading using a drone. According to an advantageous embodiment, the use of the phytosanitary composition is intended for the fertilization of plants. According to an advantageous embodiment, the use of the phytosanitary composition is intended for the preventive and / or curative treatment of cryptogamic plant diseases, also called fungal plant disease. According to an advantageous embodiment, the use of the phytosanitary composition is intended for the preventive and / or curative treatment of diseases caused by plant insects. According to an advantageous embodiment, the use is intended for the preventive and / or curative treatment of fungal diseases of plants in tropical and equatorial regions. According to an advantageous embodiment, the use is intended for the preventive and / or curative treatment of diseases of a plant chosen from among mango, vine, eggplant, mandarin, rice and shining privet. According to an advantageous embodiment, the process of the invention further comprises the joint application of at least one fertilizing active ingredient. According to an advantageous embodiment, the process of the invention further comprises the joint application of at least one fungicidal active ingredient. According to an advantageous embodiment, the process of the invention further comprises the joint application of at least one insecticidal active ingredient. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the application of a phyto- composition to the plant to be treated by spraying, preferably by spreading or spraying using a drone. sanitary comprising at least one hydrocarbon cut from crude oil or a hydrocarbon cut from biomass conversion, intended for plant fertilization or for the preventive and / or curative treatment of plant diseases. It concerns a phytosanitary composition comprising this oily composition in a carrier acceptable for phytosanitary application. As a preliminary matter, it should be noted that, in the following description and claims, the expression "between" should be understood as including the limits mentioned. For the purposes of the present invention, the word "paraffins" includes isoparaffins and n-paraffins. For the purposes of this invention, the word "isoparaffins" refers to non-cyclic branched alkanes. For the purposes of this invention, the term "n-paraffins" or "normal paraffins" refers to non-cyclic linear alkanes. For the purposes of the present invention, the word "naphthenes" refers to cyclic (non-aromatic) alkanes. Phytosanitary composition The phytosanitary composition according to the invention comprises at least one hydrocarbon cut of petroleum origin. The phytosanitary composition according to the invention preferably comprises a hydrocarbon cut content of 50 to 100%, preferably 70 to 100%, more preferably 80 to 100% and ideally 90 to 100% by weight relative to the total weight of the phytosanitary composition. Other components of the plant protection composition may include: oil-soluble plant protection active ingredients, oils of vegetable or animal origin, surfactants. In particular, the plant protection product composition may be in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate: surfactants are introduced into the oily composition in such a way as to allow the production of an emulsion by simply mixing this oily composition with an aqueous phase. The emulsifiable concentrate may include small quantities of water, oil-soluble plant protection active ingredients, and oils of vegetable or animal origin. Hydrocarbon cutting The hydrocarbon-cut phytosanitary oil used in the composition according to the invention can also be called a hydrocarbon solvent. Advantageously, it is essentially composed of paraffinic components and naphthenes. The hydrocarbon fraction used in the composition according to the invention is advantageously with very low aromatic content. By very low aromatic content, we mean, preferably, a hydrocarbon cut comprising an aromatic content of less than or equal to 1000 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 500 ppm, even more preferably less than or equal to 300 ppm, measured by UV spectrometry. The hydrocarbon cut also preferably has a sulfur content of less than or equal to 10 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 5 ppm and more preferably less than or equal to 2 ppm. Preferably, the hydrocarbon cut comprises a sulfur content according to ASTM D5453 of between 0.05 and | mg / kg, preferably between 0.05 and 0.5 mg / kg and more between 0.05 and 0.1 mg / kg. The hydrocarbon cut according to the invention also includes a weight content of non-sulfonable residues according to ASTM D483 greater than or equal to 92%, preferably greater than or equal to 95% and more preferably greater than or equal to 99%. The hydrocarbon cut according to the invention is a hydrocarbon cut that can be derived in a known way from crude oil. Preferably, the hydrocarbon cut in the sense of the invention is understood to be a cut obtained from the distillation of crude oil, preferably obtained from atmospheric distillation and / or vacuum distillation of crude oil, preferably obtained from atmospheric distillation followed by vacuum distillation. The hydrocarbon fraction used in the composition of the invention is advantageously obtained by a process comprising hydrotreating, hydrocracking or catalytic cracking steps. The hydrocarbon cut used in the composition of the invention is preferably obtained by a process comprising dearomatization steps and possibly desulfurization. The hydrocarbon fraction according to the invention is typically not subjected to a dewaxing step. Dewaxing is a known non-conversion process for treating hydrocarbon fractions, consisting of removing paraffins and microcrystalline waxes from a feedstock or converting them into compounds with a lower molecular weight and / or a different molecular structure. Commonly known dewaxing processes are solvent extraction or hydrodewaxing. In these processes, normal paraffins are extracted or converted into isoparaffins, generally to obtain a lower pour point. Dewaxing is understood to mean a processing method that yields a hydrocarbon fraction comprising a normal paraffin content by weight of less than 10%. Processes leading to partial dewaxing of the hydrocarbon fraction are not excluded from the invention. Preferably, the hydrocarbon fraction obtained after the distillation step(s) is chosen from the diesel fractions. The diesel fraction is preferably obtained by a process comprising hydrotreating, hydrocracking or catalytic cracking steps, possibly followed by dearomatization and possibly desulfurization steps. The hydrocarbon cut can be a mixture of hydrocarbon cuts that have undergone the steps described above. The hydrocarbon cut can be a mixture of hydrocarbon cuts derived from the distillation of crude oil. Preferably, the hydrocarbon cut is a hydrocarbon cut derived from the distillation of crude oil. Advantageously, the hydrocarbon cut is a hydrogenated hydrocarbon cut. The hydrocarbon fraction used in the composition of the invention is advantageously a hydrocarbon fraction having a distillation range ID (in °C) of 250 to 400 °C, preferably from 260 to 390 °C, and preferably from 305 to 350 °C, measured according to ASTM D86. Preferably, the difference between the initial boiling point and the final boiling point is less than or equal to 100 °C. The hydrocarbon fraction may comprise one or more fractions of distillation ranges within the ranges described above. Advantageously, the hydrocarbon fraction used in the phytosanitary composition according to the invention is totally saturated. Preferably, the components of the hydrocarbon fraction are chosen from hydrocarbon chains comprising 15 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 16 to 27 carbon atoms, more preferably 17 to 25 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 18 to 22 carbon atoms. Advantageously, the carbon distribution of the hydrocarbon cut is determined according to the ASTM D2887 standard, and is between C15 and C25, more preferably between C18 and C22 according to the ASTM D2887 standard. According to a first embodiment, the hydrocarbon cut preferably has: an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 250 to 400 °C, preferably from 260 to 390 °C and preferably from 305 to 350 °C according to ASTM D86, and a kinematic viscosity at 40°C ranging from 6 to 13 mm² / s, preferably from 6 to 12 mm° / s and more preferably from 6 to 8 mm° / s according to the standard ASTM D445. According to a second embodiment, the hydrocarbon cut preferably has: a kinematic viscosity at 40°C ranging from 6 to 13 mm” / s, preferably from 6 to 12 mm / s and more preferably from 6 to 8 mm / s according to the standard ASTM D445, and a pour point greater than or equal to -63 °C, preferably greater than or equal to -50 °C and preferably greater than or equal to -43 °C according to the standard ASTM D97. According to a preferred embodiment, the hydrocarbon cutting exhibits: an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 250 to 400 °C, preferably from 260 to 390 °C and preferably from 305 to 350 °C according to ASTM D86 standard, a kinematic viscosity at 40°C ranging from 6 to 13 mm” / s, preferably from 6 to 12 mm / s and more preferably from 6 to 8 mm / s according to the standard ASTM D445, and a pour point greater than or equal to -63 °C, preferably greater than or equal to -50 °C and preferably greater than or equal to -43 °C according to the standard ASTM D97. Phytosanitary composition The invention relates to a phytosanitary composition comprising the oily composition in a suitable support for phytosanitary treatment or fertilization of plants. The term "suitable support for plant protection or fertilization" refers to a support that serves as a vehicle for treating or fertilizing plants, particularly by spraying, spreading, or any other means of treating plants using a drone. This support must be non-toxic to the plant and its environment, including to humans. The suitable carrier for a plant protection product application may consist of an oil-in-water emulsion, a water-in-oil emulsion, a dispersion, or a suspension of oily particles in an aqueous phase. In this case, the plant protection product composition will typically be in a form chosen from among an oil-in-water emulsion, a water-in-oil emulsion, a dispersion, or a suspension of oily particles in an aqueous phase. Advantageously, the plant protection composition comprises a content of the plant protection product according to the invention ranging from 1 to 99% by mass relative to the total mass of the composition, advantageously from 10 to 80%, and more preferably from 15 to 70%. The remainder of the composition consists, non-limitingly, of the aqueous phase, any additives, surfactants, polymers, and active plant protection ingredients, particularly fungicides. When used in the compositions of the invention, these latter are used at the doses usually recommended. ordered according to the type of plant and the severity of the disease. In addition to a possible aqueous phase, the plant protection product composition includes the following additives: an alkoxylated oleic acid, a sorbitan ester, and an alkoxylated isotridecanol. It may also include polymers for stabilizing the emulsion, dispersion, or suspension. Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms, with the chemical formula C₁₂H₁₂O₂ (or CH₃(CH₂)₇CH=CH(CH₂)₇COOH). Its IUPAC name is cis-9-octadecamenoic acid, and its short lipid name is 18:1 cis-9. Isotridecanol or 11-methyldodecan-1-ol is a long-chain fatty alcohol with 13 carbon atoms, with the molecular formula C3H0. It is dodecan-1-ol methylated at position 11. In the context of the invention, oleic acid and isotridecanol are alkoxylated. Preferably, oleic acid and isotridecanol are ethoxylated. In the context of the present invention, ethoxylation is the chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide is added to a hydrogen-labile compound to produce surfactants. The hydrogen-labile compound is generally an alcohol, a phenol, or a carboxylic acid. The number of alkoxylations, or ethoxylations, in one embodiment of the invention is between 1 and 10, preferably between 1 and 5, and preferably between 1 and 3. A sorbitan ester is a derivative of sorbitan obtained by esterification of one or more of its alcohol or phenol groups. Examples, but not limited to, include sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan trioleate, and sorbitan monooleate. Preferably the sorbitan ester is chosen from sorbitan trioleate and sorbitan monooleate. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises 80 to 95% by weight of hydrocarbon fraction and 5 to 20% by weight of additives relative to the total weight of the plant protection composition, said additives being selected from an alkoxylated oleic acid, a sorbitan ester, and an alkoxylated isotridecanol. Preferably, the composition comprises 88 to 90% by weight of hydrocarbon fraction relative to the total weight of the plant protection composition. According to a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises 2 to 5% by weight of alkoxylated oleic acid, 2 to 5% by weight of sorbitan ester and 3 to 8% by weight of alkoxylated isotridecanol, preferably 2.5 to 5% by weight of alkoxylated oleic acid, 2.5 to 5% by weight of sorbitan ester and 5 to 8% by weight of alkoxylated isotridecanol and preferably 3 to 4% by weight of oleic acid alkoxylated, 3 to 4% by weight of sorbitan ester and 6 to 7% by weight of alkoxylated isotridecanol, relative to the total weight of the phytosanitary composition. Depending on whether these additives are hydrophilic or lipophilic, they will be introduced into the aqueous phase or the oily phase. The aqueous phase may include salts and water-soluble phytosanitary active ingredients. The plant protection composition according to the invention can also be mixed with any other plant protection products (insecticides and / or fungicides and / or fertilizers). Of course, those skilled in the art will ensure that any other adjuvants or additives to the composition according to the invention are chosen in such a way that the advantageous properties intrinsic to the plant protection composition according to the invention are not, or are not substantially, altered by the intended addition. Without limiting ourselves to these and by way of example, we can cite as fungicides that can be used with the phytosanitary composition according to the invention, contact products belonging to the family of dithiocarbamates such as Mancozeb, systemic products of the strobilurin family (Azoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Trifloxystrobin), those of the carboximide family (fluoryram, izopyrazam), amines (Fenpropimorph, Tridemorph, Spiroxamine), Anilino-Pyrimidines (Pyrimethanil), succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (Boscalid) and sterol demethylation inhibitors (Difenoconazole, Epoxyconazole, Fenbuconazole, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole). Without limiting ourselves to these and by way of example, we can cite as insecticides usable with the phytosanitary composition according to the invention, the systemic products of the family of anthranilic diamides (ex Chlorantraniliprole), those of the family of avermectins (ex Abamectin), those of the family of neonicotinoids (ex Ni-tenpyram). Without limiting ourselves to these and by way of example, we can cite as fertilizers usable with the phytosanitary composition according to the invention, hydroponic fertilizers (e.g. humic or fulvic acids), Magnesian fertilizers (Magneisim), calcium. Emulsifiable concentrate Preferably the emulsifiable concentrate comprises a phytosanitary composition content according to the invention ranging from 50 to 99% by mass, advantageously from 70 to 95% by mass, relative to the total mass of the concentrate. Other components of the emulsifiable concentrate may include, but are not limited to: emulsifying surfactants, stabilizing agents, salts, phytosanitary active ingredients and possibly water. Emulsifying surfactants are chosen to allow the formation of a water-in-oil emulsion or an oil-in-water emulsion, a dispersion or suspension of oily particles in an aqueous phase. Stabilizing agents include polymers that stabilize emulsions, dispersions, or suspensions. When present, the aqueous phase of the concentrate may include salts and water-soluble plant protection active ingredients as described above. Use of the composition The invention also relates to the use of the phytosanitary composition as defined above for fertilization or for the curative and / or preventive treatment of fungal diseases or diseases caused by plant insects. It also relates to the use of the phytosanitary composition described above, preferably a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion, for fertilization or for the curative and / or preventive treatment of fungal diseases or diseases caused by plant insects. The invention relates more particularly to the preventive and / or curative treatment of fungal or insect-caused diseases of plants in tropical and equatorial regions. The invention relates more particularly to the preventive and / or curative treatment of fungal diseases of the banana tree. According to another, preferred, embodiment of the invention, the plant protection composition is used in conjunction with a fertilizer incorporating at least one active fertilizer ingredient. In this case, the plant protection composition serves as an adjuvant to the active fertilizer ingredient and enhances its fertilizing action. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant protection composition is used in conjunction with an insecticide treatment incorporating at least one active insecticidal principle. In this case, the plant protection composition serves as an adjuvant to the active insecticidal principle and enhances its action against insect-borne diseases. According to another, preferred, embodiment of the invention, the plant protection composition is used in conjunction with a fungicide treatment incorporating at least one fungicidal active ingredient. In this case, the plant protection composition serves as an adjuvant to the fungicidal active ingredient and enhances its action against fungal diseases. Depending on the method of administration of the composition of the invention, in particular in conjunction with, or in the absence of, a fertilizer or joint treatment with an insecticide or fungicide active ingredient, the quantities and frequencies of administration are adapted by a person skilled in the art. Phytosanitary treatment process Finally, the invention also covers a phytosanitary treatment method comprising at least one step of spraying the plant to be treated, preferably by spreading or by spraying using a drone, with the phytosanitary composition according to the invention. The treatment is advantageously applied to the aerial parts of the plants. Phytosanitary treatment means any type of treatment applicable to plants with the aim of promoting plant development and / or reducing the development of diseases and parasites. Advantageously, phytosanitary treatment is understood to mean fertilization, curative and / or preventive treatment of fungal diseases or curative and / or preventive treatment of diseases caused by plant insects. The ideal treatment rate is 0.5 to 20 liters of plant protection oil per hectare, preferably 1 to 15 liters per hectare. The amount of plant protection product sprayed, sprinkled, or spread is adjusted according to the dilution of the product. The stability of the phytosanitary composition according to the invention is advantageously more than 10 hours, preferably more than 24 hours. The treatment is advantageously repeated at intervals of 6 to 9 days, throughout the vegetative cycle. According to a first variant of this process, the phytosanitary composition is administered alone as part of this treatment. According to another preferred variant of the invention, the phytosanitary composition is administered jointly with a fertilizing treatment implementing at least one fertilizing active ingredient. According to another preferred variant of the invention, the phytosanitary composition is administered jointly with a fungicide treatment implementing at least one fungicide active ingredient. According to another preferred variant of the invention, the phytosanitary composition is administered in conjunction with an insecticide treatment implementing at least one active insecticide principle. "Jointly" means that the active ingredient can be diluted in the composition of the invention, but also that it can be administered in another composition, which is applied simultaneously or alternately with the composition of the invention. EXAMPLES In the remainder of this description, examples are given to illustrate the present invention and are in no way intended to limit its scope. Various emulsifiable concentrates were evaluated. The objective of this evaluation was to characterize, firstly, the compatibility between the additives and the plant protection oil, and secondly, the stability of the emulsion in accordance with current regulations. Emulsifiable concentrates A and B are hydrocarbon oils to which additives have been added as described in the present invention. Emulsifiable Concentrate C is a comparative additive-enhanced mineral oil used in the formulation of plant protection products marketed by the Applicant under the trade name BANOLE EC. This composition, comprising a recognized fungicidal adjuvant and additives, has been used against Cercospora leaf spot of bananas for many years. It is used by major producers in Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia. Emulsifiable Concentrate D is a comparative additive-enhanced mineral oil used in the formulation of plant protection products commonly found on the market under the trade name EnSpray 99®. This composition is a narrow-range emulsifiable spray oil for the control of mites, aphids, thrips, scale, and powdery mildew. Table 1 gives the physico-chemical properties of the hydrocarbon oil used in emulsifiable concentrates A and B. [Table 1] [Density at 15°C (kg / m°)] reason | T1 [ASTM D4052 |837.3 | [ASTM D445 |7.07 È 826 ASTMD 156 |30 ASTMD97 |45 / “ |ASTM Dsé u 306 347.0 ASTM D 5453 [0.10 Kinematic viscosity at 40°C (mm³ / s) Mono-aromatic (mg / ke) Flash point (°C) Flash color Pour point (°C) Distillation Initial boiling point (°C) Final boiling point (°C) Sulfur (mg / ke) Below are the characteristics of these four emulsifiable concentrates. The percentages are given by mass relative to the total mass of the emulsion components. Concentrate A includes: 88% of the T1 hydrocarbon oil, 3.0% of ethoxylated oleic acid (ethoxylations: 1-3), 3.0% of a sorbitan trioleate, and 6.0% ethoxylated isotridecanol (ethoxylations: 1-3). Concentrate B includes: 90% of the T1 hydrocarbon oil, 2.5% of ethoxylated oleic acid (ethoxylations: 1-3), 2.5% of a sorbitan monoleate, and 5.0% ethoxylated isotridecanol (ethoxylations: 1-3). Concentrate C includes: 97% of a hydrocarbon oil, 2.55% of ethoxylated oleic acid, 0.45% of a sorbitan monooleate, and 0.10% demineralized water. Concentrate D includes: 93.5% of a hydrocarbon oil, 3% ethanol, 0.5% oleic acid, and 3% nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (NPEO). Evaluation of emulsifiable concentrates The compatibility between the additives and the phytosanitary oil was evaluated for the emulsifiable concentrates according to inventions A and B. Evaluation of additives and PK oil: Compatibility was assessed by observing the appearance of the oil mixed with the additives. If the concentrate shows a haze (cloudiness) or sediment, crystals, and separation between two phases, the oil is considered incompatible with the additives. Table 2 shows the results of this compatibility analysis for these two concentrates according to the invention. [Tables 2] Observations | [Concentrate A - |Concentrate B | Appearance clear and transparent No [Clear and limpid appearance Sediments |No The results of these laboratory tests indicate that these three concentrates according to The invention demonstrates excellent compatibility between the oil and the additives. Evaluation of the stability of emulsifiable concentrates For each of the concentrates A through D, the stability of the emulsion was evaluated. 2.5 mL of each tested emulsifiable concentrate was pipetted into a 50 mL tube containing 47.5 mL of standardized hard water (342 ppm) to obtain a 5.0% emulsion. These emulsions were then mixed for 20 seconds and subsequently placed on a support. To assess stability, the amount of cream and oil on the upper surface of the emulsion was measured at 4, 10, and 24 hours after mixing. Table 3 shows the results of the evaluation of the four emulsifiable concentrates described above. [Tables 3] 10h 24h Oil Cream Oil Cream (mD) (ml) (m}) (ml) o 5 0 0.5 eo oo po po Jos é as oo [ss oo 5 —o [15 [Lo |Lo |L5 [Lo |L5 At 4 hours, concentrates A and B according to the invention exhibit excellent emulsion stability, with no cream or oil observed. However, 2.5 ml of cream is observed for concentrate C (BANOLE EC) and 1.5 ml of cream and 1.0 ml of oil for concentrate D (EnSpray 99®). At 10:00 AM, no cream or oil was observed in either of the two emulsifiable concentrates A and B, thus demonstrating the stability of these emulsions for at least 10 hours. For concentrate C, the cream level had increased to 3.5 ml. Regarding concentrate D, the cream level was 1 ml and the oil level was 1.5 ml. Finally, at 24 hours, concentrates A and B according to the invention exhibit very good performance in terms of emulsion stability, with only 0.5 ml of cream observed. These results demonstrate that the concentrates according to the invention meet industrial requirements in terms of stability. This demonstrates the suitability of these concentrates for use in emulsification within a spray application. aerial drone that must remain stable for at least 10 hours. The concentrates according to the invention demonstrate stability for up to 24 hours. In comparison, concentrates C and D used in the formulation of conventional plant protection products on the market show signs of instability within the first four hours. Plant protection compositions A study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of the plant protection compositions according to the invention for use in aerial spraying using a drone. The phytosafety of these compositions was also assessed in the context of plant protection treatment by aerial spraying using a drone. The exemplified emulsified concentrate comprises: 88% of a T1 hydrocarbon oil, 3.0% of ethoxylated oleic acid (ethoxylations: 1-3), 3.0% of a sorbitan trioleate, and 6.0% ethoxylated isotridecanol (ethoxylations: 1-3). The agrochemical products used for evaluating the phytosanitary composition according to the invention are a fertilizer (foliar fertilizer), a fungicide and an insecticide, listed below: Fertilizer: Calcium and Magnesium. Fungicide: Difenoconazole, 5.0% ULV Insecticide: Chlorantraniliprole, 5.0% ULV (ULV: Ultra-Low Volume formulation specifically for aerial spraying treatment using a drone). The fungicide and insecticide used for the test were manufactured and supplied by Tianyuan Biochemical Co., Ltd; the fertilizer was purchased on the market. The plants used for this study are as follows: the mango tree (Manglifera indica L), the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), the mandarin tree (Citrus reticulata), rice (Oryza sativa L.), shining privet (Ligustrum lucidum) The plants were grown in greenhouses in a suburb near Nanning, the capital of Guangxi. For each of the tested plant protection compositions, 50 ml of emulsified concentrate was diluted in 950 ml of water to obtain an aqueous emulsion containing 5.0% of the adjuvant. The agrochemical was then added to the emulsion and thoroughly mixed to obtain a plant protection composition according to the invention before the Treatment by spraying using a drone. 1 liter of agrochemical product was added for every 15 hectares of plot treated. The spray treatments were carried out in a laboratory using a drone aerial spraying simulation system. The system, which was specifically designed to simulate drone spraying behavior under field conditions, has been used by the manufacturer in biological trials of ULV (Ultra Low Volume) formulations. Potted plants were treated with a specific amount of phytosanitary compound to achieve a spray deposition similar to that observed under field conditions. After spraying, the plants and crops were returned to the greenhouse for phytotoxicity assessments. Ten pots for each plant were submitted to these biological tests, with 5 leaves from each pot randomly selected and labeled for phytotoxicity assessment at 3 and 7 days post-treatment, and at 7 days post-treatment for evaluating the growth of the treated plants and crops. Observed phytotoxicity symptoms included oil spots, discoloration, black spots, and leaf burn. Table 4 shows the results of the phytotoxicity analysis at 3 days and 7 days post-treatment for the fertilizer, fungicide and insecticide. [Tables 4] [Treated plants Agrochemicals Calcium+Magnesium |Difenoconazole Chlorantranilipr| ium ole J3 J7 J3 J7 J3 JS7 [Mango tree { 0 = 5 = 0 The oo pb 60 0 [0 jo Jo ob | Jo ob Jo jo jo Slight burn qe 6e 60 bp po po jo jo Light black- |Light black- shearing shearing The results of this phytotoxicity assessment at 3 and 7 days post-treatment indicate that the tested fertilizer and insecticide composition is not phytotoxic to any of the evaluated plants. Regarding the fungicide, no symptoms appeared in the mango, grapevine, eggplant, and rice. The fungicide treatment caused slight burning on the mango leaves and slight blackening on the leaves of the shining privet. This type of symptom is commonly observed with fungicide treatments. Observation of new growth of sprayed plants, 7 days after treatment, showed that all meristems and new flushing shoots were normal, which suggests no impact on growth of the phytosanitary composition according to the invention. Thus, all these tests demonstrate that the compositions according to the invention exhibit excellent stability properties without presenting any phytotoxic risk or impact on the growth of plants treated as part of a phyto- sanitary spraying

Claims

Demands

1. Phytosanitary composition comprising at least: a paraffinic hydrocarbon cut which includes iso- paraffins, normal paraffins and naphthenes, an alkoxylated oleic acid, a sorbitan ester, and an alkoxylated isotridecanol.

2. Phytosanitary composition according to claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon cut includes a weight content of naph- compounds tenics ranging from 15 to 45%, and even more preferentially from 35 to 40 % relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon cut.

3. Phytosanitary composition according to any one of the claims previous, in which the hydrocarbon cut includes a content in weight of normal paraffins less than or equal to 5% and preferably- significantly less than or equal to 2% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon cutting.

4. Phytosanitary composition according to any one of the claims previous ones, in which the normal paraffins of the hydro- cut carbon-based compounds comprise 15 to 30 carbon atoms, preferentially from 16 to 27 carbon atoms, more preferably from 17 to 25 atoms of carbon, even more preferentially 18 to 22 atoms of carbon.

5. Phytosanitary composition according to any one of the claims previous, in which the hydrocarbon cut includes a content by weight of non-sulfonable residues greater than or equal to 92%, preference greater than or equal to 95%, preferably greater than or equal to 99% by weight of the total hydrocarbon cut.

6. Phytosanitary composition according to any one of the claims previous ones, in which the hydrocarbon cut presents a point initial boiling point and final boiling point in the range from 250 to 400 °C, preferably 260 to 390 °C and preferably 305 to 350 °C according to ASTM D86

7. Phytosanitary composition according to any one of the claims l at 6, in which the hydrocarbon cut has a kinematic viscosity at 40°C ranging from 6 to 13 mm / s, preferably from 6 to 12 mm / s and above preferably from 6 to 8 mm / s according to ASTM D445.

8. Phytosanitary composition according to any one of claims 1 at 7, in which the hydrocarbon cut has a pour point greater than or equal to -63 °C, preferably greater than or equal to -50 °C and preferably greater than or equal to -43 °C according to the ASTM standard D97.

9. Phytosanitary composition according to any one of the claims previous ones, in which the hydrocarbon cut represents a quantity ranging from 1 to 99% by weight relative to the total weight of the com- phytosanitary position.

10. | Phytosanitary composition according to any one of the claims previous ones which are in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oil emulsion.

11. | Use for the phytosanitary treatment of plants of a com- position comprising at least one paraffin hydrocarbon cut which includes isoparaffins, normal paraffins and naphthenes, an alkoxylated oleic acid, a sorbitan ester and an iso- Alkoxylated tridecanol.

12. Use according to claim 11, wherein the composition is applied by sprinkling on crops, in particular by spraying or spraying using a drone.

13. Use according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the hy- cut drocarbonated is formulated as an oil-in-water emulsion or of a water-in-oil emulsion.

14. Use according to any one of claims 11 to 13, for the preventive and / or curative treatment of diseases selected from among fungal plant diseases, plant diseases caused by insects.

15. Use according to any one of claims 11 to 13, for the plant fertilization.

16. A method for the phytosanitary treatment of crops comprising at least an application step, preferably by sprinkling, spraying or spraying of the phytosanitary composition using a drone according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

17. A method according to claim 16, further comprising the application combined with at least one active ingredient chosen from an active ingredient fungicide, an insecticide active ingredient, a fertilizer active ingredient.