High thermal performance building

Abstract

A building comprises a foundation (1) and at least one wall (2) of which has an internal load-bearing wall (22). The wall (2) consists of a composite structure comprising the load-bearing wall (22) and, in addition, a wall insulation layer (23) made of a low-density insulating material, the wall insulation layer (23) being supported by the foundation (1). Figure for the abbreviation: Fig. 1

Description

Title of the invention: High thermal performance building Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to a building with high thermal performance and whose construction is simple and rapid. Prior art

[0002] Building construction methods are already known, particularly aimed at improving thermal insulation. Generally speaking, the concepts developed consist of essentially using panels made of material with a low heat transfer coefficient, such as, for example, expanded polystyrene. In certain cases, these panels are used solely to constitute the walls of a construction whose structure is a framework which alone ensures the required mechanical resistance, the insulating panels having the sole function of creating walls and partitions and thermal insulation, therefore without ensuring any structural function from the point of view of the mechanical resistance of the building.

[0003] Document FR 2997977-A1 shows a construction system in which the walls and floors are made up of uprights or joists in the form of boards between which blocks of insulation are inserted. The boards are connected to each other through the blocks of insulation to enclose them. The connection is made in particular by screwing one board to the other through the block of insulation.

[0004] Although this technique is satisfactory, there are situations in which further improvement in construction costs can be sought. Furthermore, this document does not address the issue of the foundation.

[0005] Document EP 2080837-A2 shows a technique for producing a base in which a flat platform is made from granular material, then an insulating base layer is spread over this platform with adjoining panels. The panels at the periphery have a groove into which a riser is inserted. The riser serves as formwork and a concrete slab is poured on the insulating base layer and delimited by the riser.

[0006] This technique provides a foundation for a building with excellent thermal insulation of the ground. However, it suffers from most of the drawbacks associated with the use of hydraulic materials, namely the fact that it is necessary to wait for the concrete to harden before continuing work and that the use of these materials has a significant negative impact on the carbon footprint of the construction. Deconstruction also has a negative environmental impact. Statement of the invention

[0007] The invention aims to provide a building which has good thermal performance and which is simple and quick to construct at a controlled cost.

[0008] With these objectives in view, the invention relates to a building comprising a base and at least one wall of which comprises an internal working web, the building being characterized in that the wall is made up of a complex comprising the working web and in addition an insulating wall layer made up of a low density insulating material, the insulating wall layer resting on the base.

[0009] Unlike current solutions in which the wall insulating layer is fixed to a structural part of the building, it is proposed here that the wall insulating layer can rest on the base and thus contribute to the structural strength of the assembly. It is thus possible to reduce the necessary mechanical characteristics of the load-bearing wall, and therefore to lower its cost. The load-bearing wall is, for example, made of reconstituted wooden panels with a tongue and groove junction, a half-timbered junction or by means of a metal plate fixed along the junction of the two panels. The panels are, for example, the height of a level and are placed side by side until the necessary length is obtained. The load-bearing wall thus assembled forms a continuous diaphragm, in particular ensuring wind bracing of the wall.

[0010] According to one embodiment, the base comprises a base insulating layer on which the wall insulating layer rests. By resting the wall insulating layer on the base insulating layer, continuity of the thermal insulation between the ground and the wall is guaranteed. The base insulating layer can be placed directly on a bed of granular material such as crushed gravel, which avoids the use of hydraulic materials which are expensive in terms of energy, have a poor carbon footprint and are difficult to recycle.

[0011] According to an improvement, the base comprises a wear layer covering the base insulating layer and stopping at the limit of the wall insulating layer. The wear layer is deposited directly on the base insulating layer and carries the finished surface of the floor inside the building. It forms a diaphragm which stiffens the base of the building. This wear layer is in practice produced by assembling panels which fit together, for example by tongue and groove or by half-timbered assembly. Various types of materials can be used such as wood-based materials, plaster, synthetic material or cement, depending on the loads and the intended use or the desired aesthetic appearance. One of the advantages of this wear layer is that its installation in dry construction does not require any delay for the continuation of work after its installation.In addition, such a wear layer is capable of directly ensuring the finishing of the floor, which makes it possible to reduce the number and cost of operations to be carried out.

[0012] In one embodiment, the working web rests on the wear layer. This arrangement makes it possible to distribute the load of the working web on the wear layer.

[0013] According to an improvement, a continuous angle iron connects the wearing layer and the working veil together with a fixing by gluing and / or screwing. This avoids any relative movement of the wearing layer and the working veil depending on the constraints which are applied to the building. Screwing can be used when the screw heads are then covered by a cladding, for example by a plinth. For the parts which would remain visible, it will be preferable to use gluing. Also depending on the finishing constraints, the angle iron will be arranged inside or outside the angle.

[0014] According to a constructive arrangement, the building comprises an opening in the wall and a sill board extending at least over the width of the opening and substantially over the entire height of the insulating base layer. The sill board makes it possible to stiffen the outline of the opening and can serve as a support for a door frame. It makes it possible to distribute vertical loads on the ground over its entire length, as will be seen more clearly later.

[0015] According to an improvement, the opening is delimited by a frame comprising the sill board, two uprights and a lintel, the uprights being fixed to the working wall, the insulating wall layer comprising a rebate to accommodate the frame. This makes it possible to transfer the loads taken up by the lintel, transmitted downwards by the uprights and distributed over the length of the sill board resting on the gravel bed without risking local deformation.

[0016] According to a constructive arrangement, a high edge board is fixed at the top of the working wall and on which rests a plurality of joists supporting a slab. When the high edge board is put in place after that of the working wall, the position of this board can be precisely adjusted to the position of the slab. This adjusted position makes it possible to transmit the loads undergone by the slab from the joists to the working wall, in particular snow loads.

[0017] According to an improvement, the building has a ceiling fixed under the joists and on the lower edge of the upper edge board. The edge board thus serves as a stop and support for ceiling cladding plates, which makes it possible to make the connection with the wall.

[0018] According to an improvement, the joists have a notch such that a lower edge of the joists is aligned with a lower edge of the fascia board. The joists rest on the upper part of the walls at the notch while the central part of the joists can thus act as a support for the ceiling plates without the need for an intermediate frame. In addition, the notches allow the passage of ducts hidden behind the ceiling plates.

[0019] According to a constructive arrangement, insulating blocks are interposed between the joists, the joists being connected two by two by screwing through the insulating blocks. Thus the insulating blocks, in addition to their insulating function, make it possible to reinforce the rigidity of the joists by preventing them from tilting. If the slab also serves as a roof, the insulating blocks also serve as a support for a membrane which makes it possible to waterproof the roof. Preferably, the insulating blocks extend over the walls.

[0020] According to a constructive arrangement, the insulating wall layer and the working shell are assembled by screwing from the face opposite the working shell. By this assembly, the insulating wall layer and the working shell form a particularly light and resistant complex. With a judicious choice of fixing accessories, and in particular the length of the screws, the fixing can be ensured in the thickness of the working shell without protruding from the face inside the building. It can therefore be provided that the working shell also incorporates the finish without requiring the addition of additional facing, which makes it possible to limit construction costs.

[0021] In one embodiment, the wall insulating layer is covered on the outside with a finishing layer. This finishing layer can be produced using any known technique, particularly in the field of external thermal insulation. The role of this finishing layer is to protect the wall insulating layer against bad weather and mechanical attack. In addition, it contributes to the structural function of the wall.

[0022] In another embodiment, a plurality of cleats are fixed to the web working through the wall insulation layer, and receive a cladding. This type of construction is also conventional, the cladding typically being a siding. Brief description of the figures

[0023] The invention will be better understood and other features and advantages will appear on reading the description which follows, the description making reference to the appended drawings among which: • [Fig. 1] is an overall perspective view of a building in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; • [Fig.2] is a perspective view of the base of the building of the [Fig.l] ; • [Fig.3] and a view similar to [Fig.2] with the insulating layer of the walls added; • [Fig.4] is a view similar to [Fig.2] with the frames in place for openings; • [Fig.5] is a view similar to [Fig.4] with a veil working on the walls added; • [Fig.6] is a view of detail VI of [Fig.5] with the working veil in place; • [Fig.7] is a partial view of the wall of [Fig.6] from the inside of the building with the wall insulation layer but without the working veil; • [Fig.8] is a view is a life similar to [Fig.5], with the wall insulation layer in place; • [Fig.9] is a view similar to [Fig.l] of the building shown without a roof slab; • [Fig. 10] is a view of the detail of a corner of the building at the level of a corner of the roof; • [Fig. 11] is a detailed view showing the installation of the wall insulation layer; • [Fig. 12] is a sectional view at the level of an opening and the roof of the building of [Fig.l]; • [Fig. 13] is a view showing the installation of the start of vertical cleats to receive an exterior facing. Detailed description

[0024] A building according to a first embodiment of the invention, as shown in [Fig.l], comprises a base 1, vertical walls 2, three of which are shown, resting on the base 1, and a roof slab 3 resting on the vertical walls 2. Two of these walls 2 comprise openings 20.

[0025] The base 1 comprises an insulating base layer 10, as shown in particular in [Fig. 2], surmounted by a use layer 11. The use layer 11 is smaller than that of the insulating base layer 10 so as to leave a space around the periphery to receive the walls 2. The insulating base layer 10 is for example placed on a layer of granular material such as a mixture of gravel and sand, leveled and compacted beforehand.

[0026] As shown in detail in [Fig.5], at the opening 20, a notch 12 is provided in the base insulating layer 10 with two vertical grooves 13 at the bottom of the notch 12 and a threshold board 211 is provided extending wider than the width of the opening 20 by inserting itself into the vertical grooves 13 and over the entire height of the base insulating layer 10.

[0027] Each wall 2 comprises an internal working web 22, as shown in [Fig. 5], resting on the use layer 11 and connected to it by means of a continuous angle iron 5. The working web 22 is fixed to one of the wings 51 of the angle iron continuous 5 by screwing. The working wall 22 is for example formed by plywood or reconstituted wood plates, of the so-called "OSB" type, assembled together by grooves and tongues or by half-timber assembly, and / or by gluing. Preferably, these plates are the full height of a level. Also preferably, the plates have a finishing layer on the side of the interior of the building so that it is not necessary to provide for the addition of a facing or covering on the working wall 22. Vertical continuous angles, not shown, are further provided at the corners between walls 2 to connect the working walls 22 together.

[0028] At the opening 20, the working wall 22 is reinforced by a frame 21 comprising the sill board 211, two uprights 212 and a lintel 213, as seen in [Fig. 4]. The frame 21 is connected to the working wall 22, for example, by screwing and / or gluing. The screwing is carried out, for example, from the exterior face of the building so as to preserve the finished surface of the working wall 22. The screwing can also be carried out from the inside if the frame of the opening 20 allows the screws to be covered and hidden.

[0029] Each wall 2 comprises a wall insulating layer 23 made of a low-density insulating material, such as expanded or extruded polystyrene, as shown in [Fig. 3]. The wall insulating layer 23 rests on the base insulating layer 10 and thus ensures the continuity of thermal insulation of the building. The wall insulating layer 23 comprises a rebate 230 for housing the frame 21, which projects from the working web 22. The wall insulating layer 23 and the working web 22 are assembled together by screwing from the face opposite the working web 22, as shown in [Fig. 13]. The fixing screws are those conventionally used in fixing thermal insulation from the outside. The length of the screws is carefully chosen so that they do not protrude from the face of the working web 22 on the inside of the building.The insulating wall layer 23 is further covered on the outside with a finishing layer, not shown. This finishing layer also contributes to the mechanical strength of the building.

[0030] The slab 3 serves as a roof and extends to the outer edges of the building, covering and resting on the upper part of the walls 2. This slab 3 comprises a plurality of joists 30 between which insulating blocks 31 are interposed. The joists 30 are connected two by two by screwing through the insulating blocks 31. The screws are therefore longer than the interval between two joists 30. The blocks are positioned to provide a slight slope from the center of the building towards the periphery. They are fixed to the joists 30 further by additional mechanical means, not shown, and / or by gluing against the joists 30. The blocks 31 are also covered with a waterproofing membrane, not shown. A parapet, not shown, may be provided on the periphery of slab 3 to channel rainwater towards evacuation tubes through one of the walls 2.

[0031] The joists 30 rest on the wall insulation layer 23 and on high edge boards 24 fixed at the top of the working wall 22, visible in particular in Figures 9 and 12. The joists 30 have notches 301 at their ends so that a lower edge 302 of the joists 30 is aligned with a lower edge 240 of the high edge board 24. A ceiling facing 6 is fixed on the lower edge of the high edge board 24 and on the lower edge of the joists 30, as partially shown in [Fig. 12]. Due to the connection with the walls 2, the ceiling facing 6 constitutes a diaphragm which makes it possible to stiffen the top of the building by a bracing effect.

[0032] For the assembly of the building, the procedure is as follows. First, the gravel bed is leveled and compacted. Then, insulating blocks are placed on the gravel bed to form the insulating base layer 10. The notches 12 and the grooves 13 are made at the planned level of the openings 20 and the sill boards 211 are inserted therein. The insulating wall layer 23 is mounted and the frames 21 are added at the level of the openings 20 by screwing them through the insulating wall layer 23. Then, the slab 3 is mounted, resting on the insulating wall layer 23. To assemble the slab 3, two joists 30 and the insulating blocks 31 separating them are first placed, then the two joists are screwed together. We add a joist 30 and the corresponding insulating blocks 31 and we assemble the last joist 30 laid with the part of the slab already in place. We start again until the slab 3 is completely constituted.

[0033] Work is then carried out from the inside to lay the continuous angles at the angles between the base 1 and the walls 2, by laying the use layer 11 which covers one of the wings 51 of the continuous angles 5, then by fixing the working veil 22 with the wall insulating layer 23 by screwing through the wall insulating layer 23. The upper edge boards 24 are then fixed on the upper edge of the working veil 22 in an adjusted position under the joists 30. The ceiling plates 6 are then laid by screwing them onto the joists 30 and onto the upper edge boards 24. At the same time, the waterproofing membrane can be laid on the slab 3 and the finishing layer on the walls 2.

[0034] According to a second embodiment, partially shown in [Fig. 13], a plurality of vertical cleats 7 is fixed to the working web 22 through the wall insulating layer 23, to receive a covering, not shown. In this embodiment, the fixing by screwing the cleats onto the working web 22 by long screws 70 also makes it possible to fix the wall insulating layer 23. The cleats 7 are also glued to the wall insulating layer 23.

Claims

Claims

1. Building comprising a base (1) and at least one wall (2) of which comprises an internal working web (22), the building being characterized in that the wall (2) is made up of a complex comprising the working web (22) and in addition a wall insulating layer (23) made up of a low density insulating material, the wall insulating layer (23) resting on the base (1), the base (1) comprising a base insulating layer (10), on which the wall insulating layer (23) rests, and a use layer (11) covering the base insulating layer (10) and stopping at the limit of the wall insulating layer (23).

2. Building according to claim 1, in which the working veil (22) rests on the use layer (11).

3. Building according to claim 2, in which a continuous angle iron (5) connects the wear layer (11) and the working web (22) together with a fixing by gluing and / or screwing.

4. Building according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises an opening (20) in the wall (2) and a threshold board (211) extending at least over the width of the opening (20) and over substantially the entire height of the insulating base layer (10).

5. A building according to claim 4, wherein the opening (20) is delimited by a frame (21) comprising the sill board (211), two uprights and a lintel, the uprights being fixed to the working wall (22), the frame (21) being fixed to the working wall (22), the insulating wall layer (23) comprising a rebate for housing the frame (21).

6. Building according to one of the preceding claims, in which a high edge board (24) is fixed at the top of the working wall (22) and on which rests a plurality of joists (30) supporting a slab (3).

7. A building according to claim 6, wherein the joists (30) have a notch (301) such that a lower edge of the joists (30) is aligned with a lower edge (240) of the upper fascia board (24).

8. Building according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a ceiling fixed under the joists (30) and on the lower edge (240) of the upper edge board (24).

9. A building according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein insulating blocks (31) are interposed between the joists (30), the joists (30) being connected two by two by screwing through the insulating blocks (31).

10. Building according to one of the preceding claims, in which the wall insulating layer (23) is fixed to the working web (22) by screwing from the face opposite the working web (22).

11. Building according to one of the preceding claims, in which the wall insulating layer (23) is covered on the outside with a finishing layer.

12. Building according to one of claims 1 to 10, in which a plurality of vertical cleats (7) are fixed to the working web (22) through the insulating wall layer (23), and receive a covering.

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