device for transforming a moving electromagnetic wave, method and corresponding program.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device comprising at least one split-ring resonator, said device further comprising at least one electromagnetic field generator capable of generating a magnetic field comprising a component normal to a plane defined by the guideline defining the shape of said at least one split-ring resonator and a tangential component to said plane defined by the guideline defining the shape of said at least one split-ring resonator, so as to generate a movement of said split-ring resonator. Figure 4

Description

Title of the invention: device for transforming an electromagnetic wave into movement, method and corresponding program. Domain

[0001] The invention relates to a device for moving an element to be moved.

[0002] More particularly, the invention relates to a device for transforming an electromagnetic wave into motion. More particularly still, the invention relates to setting into motion an element receiving an electromagnetic wave. Previous Art

[0003] The use of electromagnetic (EM) fields to create forces and movements is mainly limited to frequencies of the order of Hz or kHz, with usual electrical machines.

[0004] Microwaves propagate very well in media such as air, over very long distances, and the energy they carry can be significant. It would be interesting to have them available to carry out new types of electromechanical conversions, which have yet to be developed. At these high frequencies, the representation of these forces is often limited to radiation pressure, which is particularly low, although new strategies involving meta surfaces have recently been developed, such as in the article “Metasurface “solar sait” for flexible radiation” from 2017.

[0005] It must be noted, however, that the effective implementation of a device allowing the use of the energy of electromagnetic fields at "microwave" frequencies (i.e. from gigahertz to hundreds of gigahertz) for the purpose of setting in motion has not yet been carried out. Summary of the invention

[0006] The disclosure has been designed with these elements of the prior art in mind. The inventors have created a device capable of taking advantage of the energy carried in microwave frequency electromagnetic fields. Thus, the disclosure relates more particularly to a device comprising at least one split ring resonator, said device further comprising at least one electromagnetic field generator capable of generating a magnetic field comprising a component normal to a plane defined by the directrix defining the shape of said at least one split ring resonator and a component tangential to said plane defined by the directrix director defining the shape of said at least one split ring resonator, so as to generate a movement of said split ring resonator.

[0007] Thus, such a device makes it possible to set the split ring resonator in motion.

[0008] Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tangential component is in phase quadrature with the normal component.

[0009] According to a particular characteristic, said at least one electromagnetic field generator delivers a circularly polarized electromagnetic field.

[0010] According to a particular characteristic, said at least one electromagnetic field generator delivers an electromagnetic field of a frequency located in the microwave range, and more particularly between 1 GHz and 100 GHz.

[0011] According to a particular characteristic, said at least one split ring resonator is in the form of an electrically conductive ring.

[0012] According to a particular characteristic, the radius of said at least one split ring resonator is adapted to the wavelength of the electromagnetic field so as to obtain a desired current distribution along the ring.

[0013] According to a particular characteristic, said at least one split ring resonator is in the form of a ring comprising at least one slot filled using a dielectric material.

[0014] According to a particular characteristic, said at least one split ring resonator is in the form of two split rings sharing a common axis of rotation, and the respective slots of which are arranged to receive their respective intersections, the two rings being normal to each other at an angle equal to 90°.

[0015] According to a particular characteristic, said at least one split ring resonator is configured so that its resonance frequencies are substantially equal to the frequency or frequencies of the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic field generator.

[0016] According to a particular characteristic, the device further comprises a resonant cavity, within which said at least one split ring resonator is inserted.

[0017] According to a particular exemplary embodiment, the disclosure also relates to an actuator which comprises at least one movement device as described previously.

[0018] According to a preferred implementation, the movement of the split ring resonator can be controlled by a program, implemented within a processor, to control in particular the movement, rotation, translation of a split ring resonator within a device such as presented previously, for example by generating an electromagnetic field at a given resonant frequency to cause the movement of the resonator. The different steps of the methods according to the present disclosure are implemented by one or more computer software or programs, comprising software instructions intended to be executed by a data processor of an execution terminal according to the present technique and being designed to control the execution of the different steps of the methods, implemented at the level of a communication terminal, a remote server and / or a blockchain, within the framework of a distribution of the processing to be carried out and determined by a scripted source code or a compiled code.

[0019] Consequently, the present technique also relates to programs, capable of being executed by a computer or by a data processor, these programs comprising instructions for controlling the execution of the steps of the methods as mentioned above.

[0020] A program may use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or code intermediate between source code and object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in any other desirable form.

[0021] The present technique also aims at an information medium readable by a data processor, and comprising instructions of a program as mentioned above.

[0022] The information medium may be any entity or terminal capable of storing the program. For example, the medium may comprise a storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or a magnetic recording means, for example a mobile medium (memory card) or a hard disk or an SSD.

[0023] On the other hand, the information carrier may be a transmissible carrier such as an electrical or optical signal, which may be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means. The program according to the present technique may in particular be downloaded from a network such as the Internet.

[0024] Alternatively, the information carrier may be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the method in question.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the present technique is implemented by means of software and / or hardware components. In this regard, the term "module" may correspond in this document to a software component, a hardware component or a set of hardware and software components.

[0026] A software component corresponds to one or more computer programs, one or more sub-programs of a program, or more generally to any element of a program or software capable of implementing a function or a set of functions, as described below for the module concerned. Such a software component is executed by a data processor of a physical entity (terminal, server, gateway, set-top-box, router, etc.) and is likely to access the hardware resources of this physical entity (memory, recording media, communication bus, electronic input / output cards, user interfaces, etc.).

[0027] In the same way, a hardware component corresponds to any element of a hardware assembly capable of implementing a function or a set of functions, according to what is described below for the module concerned. It may be a programmable hardware component or one with an integrated processor for executing software, for example an integrated circuit, a smart card, a memory card, an electronic card for executing firmware, etc.

[0028] Each component of the system described above of course implements its own software modules.

[0029] The different embodiments mentioned above can be combined with each other for the implementation of the present technique. Brief description of the drawings

[0030] Other aims, characteristics and advantages of the disclosure will appear more clearly on reading the following description, given as a simple illustrative example, and not limiting, in relation to the figures, among which: - [Fig.l] represents a split ring resonator according to an exemplary implementation; - [Fig.2] represents a portion of a split ring resonator according to a implementation example; - [Fig.3] illustrates an example of a double split ring nested at an angle of 90° to each other; - [Fig.4] illustrates a first distribution of induced current within a re sonator, subjected to a phase quadrature electromagnetic field, at a resonance frequency; - [Fig.5] illustrates a first distribution of induced current within a resonator, subjected to a phase quadrature electromagnetic field, at another resonance frequency; - [Fig.6] illustrates an analytical model of a split ring resonator; - [Fig.7] represents an electromagnetic field applied to a resonator; - [Fig.8] illustrates a mechanism for applying the electromagnetic field on a resonator; - [Fig.9] illustrates an example of the implementation of a system for the implementation rotation of a resonator within a resonant cavity. Detailed description

[0031] Statement of the principle

[0032] The same elements have been designated by the same references in the different figures. In particular, the structural and / or functional elements common to the different exemplary embodiments may have the same references and may have identical structural, dimensional and material properties. For the sake of clarity, only the steps and elements useful for understanding the exemplary embodiments described have been shown and are detailed. In particular, circuits for generating a signal and controlling the frequency or intensity of this signal, as well as circuits for controlling and receiving values ​​provided by sensors, are not described in detail, the exemplary embodiments described being compatible with such usual circuits.Unless otherwise specified, when two elements are referred to connected together, this means directly connected without intermediate elements other than conductors, and when two elements are referred to connected or coupled together, this means that these two elements can be connected or be connected or coupled through one or more other elements. In the following description, when absolute position qualifiers, such as the terms "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", etc., or relative position qualifiers, such as the terms "above", "below", "upper", "lower", etc., or orientation qualifiers, such as the terms "horizontal", "vertical", etc., are referred to, unless otherwise specified, the orientation of the figures. Unless otherwise specified, the expressions "about", "approximately", "substantially", and "of the order of" mean within 20%, preferably within 5%.

[0033] As stated previously, generally speaking, the subject of the disclosure relates to the transformation of energy transported by an electromagnetic wave into motion. The motion in question may be a translational motion, a rotational motion about one or more axes, or a combination of these motions. More generally, the subject of the disclosure is to enable an element to be animated remotely using a hyperfrequency electromagnetic wave (i.e. microwave type), therefore in frequencies ranging from gigahertz to hundreds of gigahertz. At these frequencies, for this type of application, the wavelength varies from a few centimeters to a few fractions of a millimeter. The animation (i.e. the setting into motion) of the element is achieved by taking advantage of, on the one hand, electromagnetic induction and the Laplace force (or more generally the Lorentz force) generated at the element.More particularly, the disclosed device uses, in a certain controlled technical context, the radiation pressure (radiative or radiation pressure) exerted on the element to animate it, that is to say to create a movement of this element.

[0034] In accordance with the present, as shown in [Fig.l] and [Fig.2], in a exemplary embodiment, the element to be animated is in the form of a split ring resonator (SRR) type device, and more particularly in the form of a ring (for example circular), with a predetermined internal radius (RI) and / or average radius (Rm), electrically conductive (for example copper, gold, silver, aluminum), split, and whose slot completely interrupts the ring. The characteristics of the slot (size g, angle, etc.) are determined according to the requirements, as are the characteristics of the ring (size h, thickness w, radius, etc.) which are determined according to the frequency of the electromagnetic field, as explained below. Depending on the exemplary embodiments, this element to be animated can also take the form of a double split ring, as exemplified in [Fig.3], each ring being oriented at an angle [alpha] relative to each other (the angle [alpha] measuring for example 90° in the example of [Fig.3]). Depending on the examples of realization, this element to be animated can take the form of a double-slit ring (the two slits being located in an axis of symmetry of the ring). Furthermore, the ring does not necessarily have a circular shape. It can for example be in the form of an ellipse, a rectangle, a square or any other suitable shape.

[0035] Generally speaking, the split ring can be represented in the form of a generating line (which is a curved or straight line, represented by a rectangle of dimensions h*w in [Fig.2]) whose displacement along a simple line, called the director (represented by the dotted line in [Fig.2]), generates a surface. The director line makes it possible to determine the general shape of the split ring (for example a circular, rectangular, square, etc. ring) (the line is circular in [Fig.2]), while the generating line makes it possible to determine the shape of the section of the ring: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, etc.) (the section is rectangular h*w in [Fig.2]).

[0036] The above-mentioned characteristics relating to the ring can of course be combined. Overall, a split ring resonator can be described, in a simple form, as a single-turn coil and a capacitor, the characteristics of which are equivalent to those of a series RLC circuit, and therefore comprising at least one resonant frequency (i.e. for example a fundamental frequency, also called mode 1 frequency, and higher frequencies associated with higher order modes).

[0037] According to the present invention, the element to be animated is subjected to a circularly polarized electromagnetic field. The particularity of such an electromagnetic field is that it comprises a normal component (with respect to the surface of the element to be animated, i.e. with respect to a plane defined by the directrix defining the overall shape of the element to be animated) and a tangential component out of phase in time. (for example in phase quadrature with the normal component). In this situation, the normal component of the electromagnetic field produces (induced) an electric current within the element to be animated while the tangential component produces a moment, non-zero and maximum at the resonance frequency of the element to be animated.

[0038] According to the present invention, the “global” parameter which is taken into account for the production of the element to be animated is the frequency of the electromagnetic field used (ranging from GHz to hundreds of GHz), which determines by extension the resonance frequency(ies) of the element to be animated, this resonance frequency thus leading to the determination of the characteristics (shape, size, composition, etc.) of the element to be animated.

[0039] In the context of a circular split ring resonator, the characteristics to be determined are those relating to the dimensioning of the resonator (radius, thickness, depth, gap thickness).

[0040] It is also possible to model the resonator in the form of a series RLC circuit, namely: R, L, C and the radiation impedance Zrad. The resistance R and the radiation resistance Zrad do not influence the resonant frequency, but are a modeling of the effects specific to the resonator which limit the current induced in the resonator and therefore the moment that can be obtained. In this dimensioning step, a calculation of L and C makes it possible to evaluate (within the reliability of the models used to calculate them) the resonant frequency:

[0041] Z = \ ( res 2;r 2t /

[0042] In the context of other elements to be animated, the characteristics to be determined may be simpler or more complex.

[0043] In summary, the device of the disclosure exploits the induction generated by the electromagnetic field and the resonance to create a movement. The advantages are numerous, but it is possible to cite on the one hand the absence of material contact for the creation of the movement and on the other hand a control of the spatial and temporal organization of the currents induced on the element to be animated, making it possible in particular to manage the movement of the latter.

[0044] According to the present invention, in certain examples of implementation, in order to maximize the use of the energy transported by the electromagnetic field, the element to be animated can be placed within a containment enclosure, one of the functions of which is to reflect the electromagnetic waves to which the element to be animated is exposed, while preserving their structure, so that they interact multiple times with the element to be animated. In this way, on the one hand the energy expenditure necessary for the animation of the element is reduced and on the other hand it is possible to accelerate the movement of the element, within determined physical limits. An example of containment chamber suitable for a particular use is given below.

[0045] According to the present invention, the movement of the element is a function of the resonance frequency. Thus, it is possible to excite the element according to several different excitation modes. For example, as illustrated in [Fig. 4], it is possible to excite the element according to a mode 1, also called fundamental mode, this excitation being carried out at the fundamental resonance frequency of the element. When such a fundamental frequency is used, the movement produced is, according to the present invention, a rotational movement of the element. Indeed, this fundamental resonance frequency induces a distribution of currents (arrows on the element) in the element which produces symmetrical forces (ml, m2) with respect to an axis (dotted line), called the axis of rotation (formed by the intersection of the plane of symmetry of the device to be animated with the plane defined by the guideline defining the overall shape of the element to be animated).The induction (Bi) and work (Bt) components of the electromagnetic field, in quadrature, are also represented in [Fig.4]. This results in a moment (M) around this axis, called the rotation axis, as shown in [Fig.4]. Conversely, as shown in [Fig.5], an excitation to another mode (also called a higher-order mode) makes it possible to organize the currents induced in the element in a different way, and therefore to obtain, on the basis of these induced currents, a different organization of the forces, as shown in [Fig.5] with a second-order mode. Indeed, this second-order mode induces a distribution of currents (arrows De on the element) in the element which produces symmetrical forces (M), parallel and in the same direction, which causes the translational movement of the element. The induction (Bi) and work (Bt) components of the electromagnetic field, in quadrature, are also represented in [Fig.5]. Thus, in this example of [Fig.5], the organization of the forces created makes it possible to produce a translational movement on the element, the currents being in opposite directions on either side of the axis of symmetry.

[0046] Presentation of an exemplary embodiment

[0047] The following paragraphs describe an implementation of the technique that is the subject of the invention, consisting of creating a rotational movement of a split ring resonator (SRR) using a circularly (or more generally elliptically) polarized electromagnetic field. It is thus possible to have a motor by generating movements in a cavity or at a distance from microwaves. As explained previously, the principle consists of exploiting electromagnetic induction and electrical resonance. In the context of this exemplary embodiment, an actuator is described that is defined as a device using a split ring resonator and a configuration of the electromagnetic field to set this SRR in rotation. A simple analytical model is described to prove the implementation of the rotation of the SRR. This analytical model sets out the expressions for the electrical and mechanical quantities. caniques at work. The established system made it possible to obtain in particular a non-zero average moment of the SRR causing it to rotate.

[0048] Rotor: Split Ring Resonator (SRR)

[0049] As indicated, a split ring resonator (SRR) is used as a rotor. An SRR is formed of one or more concentric conductive rings having one or more slots (or gaps). This or these slots provide a capacitive behavior to the SRR, while the rings have an inductive behavior. Thus, for the chosen elementary form (like that shown in [Fig.6]), the SRR can be likened to an electrical circuit composed of an inductance L in series with a capacitance C and a resistance R modeling the resistivity of the material. At high frequency, it is also necessary to take into account the radiation of the SRR, modeled by the impedance Zrad (see [Fig.6]). It is possible to approximate these electrical quantities from the geometric parameters of the ring. The values ​​adopted for this example of realization are:

[0050] R = pU^-g) 25( / 7+h')-4Ô2 #(L)

[0051] c= + #(2)

[0052] L= #(3)

[0053] 7,,,,, = 20^2^,^ #(4)

[0054] with p the resistivity of the material (copper), q0 the magnetic permeability of the vacuum and e0 its electrical permittivity, RI, Rm and R2 respectively the inner, average and outer radius of the SRR, h its depth, w its thickness and co the pulsation.

[0055] Furthermore, at these microwave frequencies, the radiation resistance becomes much greater than the resistance (by almost two orders of magnitude). This reflects the fact that the induced current, flowing along the SRR, is mainly limited by its radiation. This also implies that as long as the force is not working, the energy received by the SRR is mainly re-emitted in the form of radiation. It therefore appears interesting to confine the field (placement in a resonant cavity), so as to derive additional benefit from this energy, as indicated previously.

[0056] Shape of the exploited EM field

[0057] In order to obtain the desired rotational movement, the SRR is subjected to an EM field whose form is given by equation (5) and illustrated by [Fig.7]. The magnetic field is composed of a component normal to the surface of the SRR (i.e. to the surface of the plane defined by the resonator's directrix) to induce a current in it and a tangential component to interact with this current and generate a moment. The two components are, in this embodiment, in quadrature of phase to maximize the average moment. Taking them to be of equal amplitude, we end up, in this example, with a circular polarization of the magnetic field.

[0058] - B0xos( œt) ^ + Bo_vsin( œt(5)

[0059] Forces obtained in this example

[0060] The dimensions of the SRR being small compared to the wavelength, we are here in the conditions of the Approximation of Quasi-Stationary Regimes (ARQS). On the other hand, the gap being small and in the axis, we neglect its contribution in the calculations of the resulting moment. We initially consider that the electric field £ is along the axis of rotation of the magnetic field and thus tangent to the surface of the SRR (see Figure 7). By carrying out the calculations, we note that the normal component of the magnetic field induces the current in the SRR, given by equation (6). The tangential component of the magnetic field, phase shifted by ji / 2, allows us to obtain a maximum moment of force at resonance, whose amplitude (along the axis A carried by passing through the center O of the SRR) is given by equation (7). =+Zr^œsin ( cos ) (6) rad) +1 Cb / [°061] IM I _ 1 JJ Mri, — ~ ”7-------, ।--- “I ' I

[0062] In equations (5), (6) and (7), a', R, L, C, Zrad and Rm have already been defined previously, B0, X and B0, z are respectively the amplitudes of the tangential and normal components of the magnetic field.

[0063] No assumption made restricts the conditions of validity of these equations to microwave frequencies in general. For practical reasons, with a view to later setting up an experimental bench, we are looking here for a resonance around 2.45 GHz (the available devices operate at these frequencies). We consider an amplitude of the magnetic field such that a power of 100W passes through the surface of the SRR. We then determine the dimensions of the SRR (RI = 10.1 mm, g = l.5 mm and h = w = 1.0 mm) and we deduce the electrical, magnetic, mechanical and then dynamic quantities.

[0064] We obtain the values ​​in the following table, where fres is the resonance frequency, ires is the current at resonance, Mres the moment of the forces acting at resonance and ares is the angular acceleration of the SRR, calculated from the Fundamental Principle of Dynamics, neglecting any friction or restoring forces:

[0065] a„s=^#(8)

[0066]

[0067] where mv is the density of the SRR (in copper). Quantities Unit Analytical proof Adapted numerical determination f xres GHz 2.45 2.44 1res A 3.6 [6-11] Mres nN.m 10.1 5.9 Aes tr.min2 138 282

[0068] Numerical determinations of analytical proof

[0069] In order to obtain the desired circular polarization of the magnetic field on the SRR, it is placed at the intersection of two perpendicular guides terminated by wave ports phase-shifted by tt / 2 as shown in [Fig.8]. In this figure, we can see the SRR positioned within a structure for generating the electromagnetic field. There are two field injection ports (xl, x2, zl, z2). The presence of perfect magnetic and electric conductors (PMC for "Perfect Magnetic Conductor" and PEC for "Perfect Electric Conductor") is noted.

[0070] A first series of simulations aims to confirm and qualitatively illustrate the phenomena predicted by the analytical approach. This first series is based on the values ​​of the geometric parameters of the SRR used with the analytical approach. The electrical quantities obtained at resonance (and therefore by extrapolation the mechanical quantities) are of the same order of magnitude as those from the analytical model. The resonance frequency is the value that is optimized in order to obtain a target resonance frequency, suitable for a practical implementation of the system that is the subject of this study. With the initially planned construction values ​​of the SRR, the resonance frequency is 2.13 GHz. Adaptations of the SRR characteristics can therefore be made in order to obtain a target resonance frequency (2.45 GHz).This target resonance frequency objective is purely arbitrary, since it corresponds to a target whose implementation is easier given the available equipment (i.e. standard equipment, particularly in terms of microwave electromagnetic field production). Also, this target frequency is not mandatory, but only serves to have a functional final physical system at a controlled cost.

[0071] A second series of simulations was thus carried out, with the objective of obtaining a resonant device around the target frequency of 2.45 GHz. In the resulting adapted numerical model, the geometric parameters of the SRR were modified (RI = 7 mm and g = / z = w = l.0 mm) and a dielectric (er = 3.27) was inserted in the gap, in order to adjust the gap capacitance and get closer to the desired resonant frequency. A resonance is obtained at 2.44 GHz. With this SRR model, the current amplitude is more constant along the SRR.

[0072] Qualitatively, the S-parameter curves confirm the analytical model. Indeed, we observe that the normal component of the field (inducing the current), provided by the port on the x-axis, interacts strongly with the SRR resulting in a strong reflection at resonance. Conversely, the SRR seems almost invisible for the tangential component generating a moment (because this moment does not work in the simulation).

[0073] Quantitatively, it is observed that a large portion of the current-inducing power is reflected at resonance. This illustrates the importance of the power radiated by the SRR, as previously described.

[0074] It also appears in the numerical model that the current does not have a constant amplitude along the SRR. It is notably maximum opposite the gap, where it crosses the axis of rotation of the SRR, and therefore has at this location and in this configuration a contribution, which although present remains low. An improvement of the rotor to optimize this distribution of the current therefore seems relevant, for example by adding a second gap, symmetrical to the first in the axis of the SRR.

[0075] Furthermore, the currents obtained for the powers considered (100W), of the order of the Ampere, cause heating of the SRR (without this heating being destructive). It should be noted that the power to be dissipated is linked to the Joule effect, i.e. around a few percent of the injected power, the rest is radiated.

[0076] The moments obtained are of the order of a few nN.m. This is the same order of magnitude as those obtained during a study with a different approach (exploitation of the Orbital Angular Momentum) at slightly lower frequencies. The comparison remains limited, however, because the phenomenon that we exploit is resonance, allowing a device (here the SRR) of smaller dimension (and therefore of lower inertia). In addition, recalling that the majority of the power is radiated by the SRR, this approach makes it possible to envisage the resonant cavity setting, as briefly explained below. Thus, if the value of the moment obtained remains relatively low with regard to the powers involved, the rotation of the rotor is still obtained. Perspectives make it possible to envisage optimizations leading to a significant increase in the moment that it is possible to obtain, in particular thanks to the resonant cavity, at the same target frequency (i.e.in this example 2.45 GHz).

[0077] Finally, we note that the adapted numerical models on the one hand and the analytical models on the other hand are different (in particular the average radius of the SRR), and that the calculation methods are also different (the electromagnetic quantities are assumed to be identical along the SRR for the analytical approach). This explains the difference in moment obtained between the two models, with respect to the current.

[0078] Finally, the calculated acceleration is higher for the adapted numerical model than for the analytical one, despite a lower moment for the former. This is explained by a lower moment of inertia (smaller radius of the SRR).

[0079] Resonant cavity

[0080] In order to make the best use of the power radiated by the SRR, and increase the moment, it is possible to integrate the SRR within a resonant cavity, at the same frequency as the resonant frequency of the SRR. It is noted that such integration is not limited to the case of the SRR considered as a rotor, but that this integration can also be implemented for all other types of animation (of setting in motion) envisaged. The determination of the resonant cavity which brings the most benefit, in particular in terms of efficiency, depends essentially on the circumstances of the case, and is not treated further herein.

[0081] Implemented device

[0082] A device for implementing the technique described above is shown in relation to Figure 9. In this implementation, the split-ring resonator is placed within a cylindrical resonant cavity (C), the height (h) of which is equal to the guided wavelength λg at the desired frequency and is 230 mm. The radius of the resonant cavity (a) is also determined as a function of the desired frequency and modes and is 42 mm. The split-ring resonator is placed in the center of this resonant cavity, more particularly, at a height equal to half the guided wavelength 2g. In Figure 9, a single-ring resonator is shown. However, it is also possible, for this device, to place a double split-ring resonator, such as that shown in Figure 3. The ports for generating the polarized electromagnetic field are placed at a height equal to a quarter of 2g.They are placed perpendicular to each other so as to generate the normal component and the tangential component. This embodiment allows to obtain, at the height at which the split ring resonator is placed (2g / 2), an electromagnetic field with the desired organization (here a circular polarization) and whose amplitude is maximum. This obtains the rotation of the split ring. In this configuration, the resonant cavity exploits two perpendicular TEn2 modes in phase quadrature. It is recalled that the mode to which it is currently referred designates the organization of the electromagnetic field in space, which in a finite space (i.e. with boundary conditions), can only be organized in a limited number of forms. In the present case, "TE" designates "Transverse Electric", indicating that the electric field E is orthogonal to the direction of propagation of the wave.“112” is the value taken by a set of parameters {m,n,p} (here therefore m=l, n=l and p=2) which makes it possible to characterize this. TE mode, according to the knowledge of the person skilled in the art.

[0083] Other features and benefits

[0084] Another implementation of the device that is the subject of the present invention takes the form of a gyroscope. Cleverly, given the characteristics of the device and the possibility of animating the element in rotation, as presented previously, in conditions of vacuum and absence of gravity, one or more of these gyroscopes can be integrated within a satellite or a micro-satellite or any other suitable device, be part of a system (such as an inertial unit) or be used alone.

[0085] According to another aspect, the present disclosure also relates to a method for setting in motion a split ring resonator, subjected to an electromagnetic field capable of generating a magnetic field comprising a component normal to a plane defined by the directrix defining the shape of said at least one split ring resonator and a component tangential to said plane defined by the directrix defining the shape of said at least one split ring resonator. According to the present, such a method comprises applying the electromagnetic field to the resonator to result in setting it in motion as a function of a frequency of the electromagnetic field and a target frequency making it possible to create the desired movement on the resonator.The movement of the split ring resonator can be controlled by a program, implemented within a processor, to control in particular the movement, rotation, translation of a split ring resonator within a device such as presented previously.

Claims

Claims

1. Device comprising at least one split ring resonator in the form of an electrically conductive ring, said device further comprising at least one electromagnetic field generator capable of generating an elliptically polarized magnetic field comprising a component normal to a plane defined by a directrix defining the shape of said at least one split ring resonator and a tangential component, to said plane defined by the directrix defining the shape of said at least one split ring resonator, so as to generate a movement of said split ring resonator.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tangential component is in phase quadrature with the normal component.

3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one electromagnetic field generator delivers a circularly polarized electromagnetic field.

4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one electromagnetic field generator delivers an electromagnetic field of a frequency located in the microwave range, and more particularly between 1 GHz and 100 GHz.

5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the radius of said at least one split ring resonator is adapted to the wavelength of the electromagnetic field, said resonator being able to be assimilated to an electrical circuit composed of an inductance L in series with a capacitance C and a resistance R modeling a resistivity of the material constituting the resonator.

6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the resistance R is described according to the equation: R = 25(^)-45^ in that the capacitance C is described according to the equation: C “ •' + ”ln\ s )) in that the inductance L is described according to the equation: t — p ( is1( \ _ 2 ), with with p a resistivity of the material, lu \ h+w ) ' 2 / a magnetic permeability of the vacuum, e0 an electrical permittivity, RI, Rm and R2 respectively an inner radius, an average radius and a outer radius of the resonator, h a depth of the resonator, w a thickness of the resonator and co a pulsation of the resonator, and in that said resonator has an impedance Zrad described according to the equation: Z„., = 20ff^ / d«A

7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the movement of the resonator is obtained by a maximum moment of force at resonance | { | of non-zero time average whose amplitude is given by the equation: ! ' with and respectively ' । ~ 2 (R+Z amplitudes of the tangential and normal components of the circularly polarized magnetic field.

8. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one split ring resonator is in the form of a ring comprising at least one slot filled using a dielectric material.

9. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one split ring resonator is in the form of two split rings sharing a common axis of rotation, and whose respective slots are arranged to receive their respective intersections, the two rings being normal to each other by an angle equal to 90°.

10. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one split ring resonator is configured so that its resonant frequencies are substantially equal to the frequency or frequencies of the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic field generator.

11. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a resonant cavity, within which said at least one split ring resonator is inserted.

12. Actuator characterized in that it comprises at least one device according to one of claims 1 to 11.

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