Custom manufacturing process for a ventilation element and ventilation element thus obtained

Abstract

The present invention relates to a custom manufacturing method for a ventilation element intended to be interposed between an interior space and an exterior, in which the following steps are carried out: - providing a transparent or translucent plate (11), - making a plurality of ventilation holes (12) in said plate, at least a majority of said holes (12) having a non-constant cross-section over at least part of the thickness of this plate (11), to modify the temperature of the air passing through the ventilation element, and - the air flow rate for ventilating said interior space being fixed at D in m3 / h, the number of holes made in said plate is at most equal to , with Stot the total surface area for the free passage of air through said plate, Vmoy the average velocity of the air through the holes, and N the number of openings of said interior space giving to the exterior when each opening is equipped with an identical ventilation element.Use of this ventilation element as a barrier against arthropods and / or pests such as rodents. [Fig. 1].

Description

Title of the invention: Method for custom manufacturing a ventilation element and ventilation element thus obtained Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for custom manufacturing a ventilation element intended to be interposed between an interior space and an exterior to ensure the ventilation of said space.

[0002] It also relates to a ventilation element for renewing the air in an interior space, this ventilation element being configured to lower the temperature of the air passing through it, or to cool this air, when the latter is greater than a threshold value, and / or being configured to increase the temperature of the air passing through it, when the latter is less than a threshold value. Prior art

[0003] Ventilation grilles are known which are formed in plates or sheets, in which openings of generally elongated rectangular shape are provided to allow passage to air flows in natural, non-pulsed circulation.

[0004] Not only does the implementation of this natural ventilation ensure that the building has sufficient indoor air quality for the health of the occupants, by replacing stale air with fresh air, but it also contributes to the sustainability of the building by removing humidity.

[0005] The air flow rate required to renew the air in an interior space depends on several parameters, such as the purpose of this space (kitchen, living room, etc.) and the number of people occupying this space.

[0006] However, it is noted that these ventilation systems remain relatively basic and standardized technologies. They do not take into account, in particular, the weather conditions surrounding the building, which are nevertheless decisive in controlling the building.

[0007] Furthermore, we observe that their form is solely linked to technical considerations without seeking an aesthetic which would be likely to contribute to the enhancement of a building.

[0008] Furthermore, since the air passing through these grilles is at the same temperature as the outside air, this results in usage constraints. For purely illustrative purposes, in summer, it may be necessary to limit the ventilation air flow when the outside temperature is higher than the inside temperature of the room to be ventilated so as not to heat it up.

[0009] Furthermore, the use of mosquito nets to combat the intrusion of insects, particularly mosquitoes and / or flies, into a home.

[0010] These mosquito nets are used to close openings and form a barrier to insects while allowing good air exchange.

[0011] The mosquito nets available today are typically made by weaving with a simple crossing of the warp and weft threads, which is perpendicular.

[0012] The meshes of these mosquito nets define openings typically having dimensions between one (1) and two (2) mm, to prevent the passage of insects while ensuring good ventilation.

[0013] However, it is observed that these mosquito nets have poor resistance over time with a more or less rapid deterioration of at least some of their openings, for example following a slippage of the threads, a snag, repeated friction, stretching, or even fraying linked to cutting the mosquito net, etc.

[0014] This structural degradation of the mosquito net reduces its effectiveness and can then give free rein to insects.

[0015] Furthermore, it is noted that the weaving processes generally implemented cannot guarantee a regular basic mesh so that mosquito nets, even new ones, may have openings of varying dimensions.

[0016] However, a slight variation in the dimensions of an opening can allow the passage of an insect, in particular the aedes albopictus, also called the tiger mosquito, which is small in size.

[0017] However, the latter is well known to be the main vector of various viral diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, zika or yellow fever.

[0018] Furthermore, and more generally, it is observed that mosquito nets currently on the market have low transparency and therefore reduce the field of vision, or, at best, cause visual discomfort.

[0019] There is therefore a pressing need for a ventilation grille whose original design makes it possible to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art set out above. Subject of the invention

[0020] The present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a method for custom-made manufacturing of a ventilation element, simple in its design and in its operating mode, taking into account not only the characteristics of the interior space to be ventilated, but also the climatic environment outside the latter, to obtain a custom-made ventilation element for this interior space.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is such a manufacturing method making it possible to obtain a ventilation element which is naturally capable of cooling the air crossing during warm periods and heating this air during cold periods, without the need for any energy source.

[0022] Another object of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a ventilation element that is as transparent as possible.

[0023] Another object of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a ventilation element further forming an effective protective screen against arthropods and / or pests such as rodents.

[0024] The present invention also relates to a ventilation element for naturally ventilating an interior space, or participating in its ventilation, which offers great transparency and, for example, makes it possible to replace clear glass in a glazing, while being inexpensive.

[0025] Another object of the present invention is such a ventilation element allowing naturally, without any energy input, to lower the temperature of the air passing through it, or to cool this air, when the latter is higher than a threshold value, and / or to increase the temperature of the air passing through it, when the latter is lower than a threshold value. Statement of the invention

[0026] To this end, the invention relates to a method for custom-manufacturing a ventilation element intended to be interposed between an interior space and an exterior, in which the following steps are carried out: - provide a transparent or translucent plate, said plate comprising at least one glass or plastic core, - making a plurality of ventilation holes in said plate, at least a majority of said ventilation holes having a non-constant straight cross-section over at least part of the thickness of said plate, to modify the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element, when said outside air temperature is higher or lower than threshold temperatures, and - the air flow rate for ventilating said interior space being fixed at D in m3 / h, the number of holes made in said plate is at most equal to ----------2-------—_, (Stot x Nx Vmoy x 3600) with Stot the total surface area for the free passage of air through said plate, or the sum of the individual surfaces of the holes on the side of the face of the plate intended to be placed towards the outside, Vmoy the average speed of the air through said holes, and where N is the number of openings of said interior space giving onto the outside with N greater than or equal to 1, when each opening is equipped with an identical ventilation element.

[0027] The present manufacturing method ensures the manufacture of a custom-made ventilation element taking into account not only the destination of the interior space to be ventilated naturally, but also its climatic environment (building exposed to winds, wind fluctuations throughout the year, atmospheric pressure, etc.).

[0028] Very advantageously, the ventilation element thus produced ensures a natural modification, that is to say without energy input, of the temperature of the air passing through it, when the temperature of the outside air is higher or lower than threshold temperatures. These threshold temperatures can advantageously be predefined according to the characteristics of the filtration element. No external energy source is therefore used to modify the temperature of the air passing through the ventilation element and the latter is therefore used alone, or even “naked”.

[0029] In addition, this ventilation element thus produced can be transparent. It can, for example, have a light transmission coefficient which is greater than or equal to 70%, and even better greater than 80%. It can therefore be advantageously used to replace or complement a glazing element.

[0030] These ventilation holes can have any shape such as circular or elongated such as oblong, elliptical or even oval.

[0031] This ventilation element may comprise one or more functional layers covering the glass or plastic core on at least one of its faces. This ventilation element is then formed by a multilayer sheet, at least partly transparent or translucent, which is perforated.

[0032] Of course, this ventilation element can also have one or more fixing holes, which are then distinct from the ventilation holes.

[0033] According to a particular embodiment of this method for custom manufacturing a ventilation element, the thickness of said plate is determined beforehand as a function of the air flow rate considered for said interior space and as a function of a given reduction or increase in the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element.

[0034] According to another particular embodiment of this method for custom manufacturing a ventilation element, for a given air flow rate to ventilate said interior space, the number of holes to be made in said plate is adjusted by taking into account the thickness of said plate, and possibly the maximum and / or minimum average temperature outside.

[0035] In a completely surprising and counter-intuitive manner, it has been noted that increasing the number of ventilation holes made in the plate does not allow for a greater cooling or heating effect on the outside air passing through the ventilation element. On the contrary, a sometimes drastic reduction in this cooling or heating effect is observed when the number of ventilation holes made in the plate exceeds certain values. The thickness of the plate is an even more sensitive parameter on cooling or heating obtained from the outside air passing through the ventilation element.

[0036] Preferably, for a given thickness of said plate and a given air flow rate for ventilating said interior space, the density of ventilation holes to be made in said plate is determined beforehand so that the lowering or increase in the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element is maximum.

[0037] According to yet another particular embodiment of this method for custom manufacturing a ventilation element, the thickness of said plate is between 0.5 and 6 mm, and even better between 0.5 and 2.5 mm, and even more preferably between 1 and 2 mm.

[0038] According to yet another particular embodiment of this method for custom manufacturing a ventilation element, this average speed is measured in situ beforehand or this average air speed is determined beforehand at the level of said holes from one or more meteorological parameters. This preliminary determination of the speed can be measured on site or come for example from a survey of the climatic environment of a building including for example the wind exposure of the building in question (annual fraction of time during which the wind comes from each direction, i.e. fluctuations depending on the season, the average wind speed, etc.), the atmospheric pressure at the site,

[0039] According to yet another particular embodiment of this method for custom manufacturing a ventilation element, at least a majority of said ventilation holes are formed so as to have a progressive reduction in section in a direction extending between the two faces of said plate, such as conical and more generally, flared in shape.

[0040] The larger section of the hole could be placed on the outer side, as well as on the inner space side.

[0041] Alternatively, these ventilation holes may have a narrowing in a direction extending between the two faces of the plate and, for example, have a shape reminiscent of the general shape of a diabolo.

[0042] According to yet another particular embodiment of this method for custom manufacturing a ventilation element, at least a majority of said ventilation holes are configured to lower the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element when the outside air temperature is greater than 26°C, and even better 23°C, and increase the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element when the air temperature is less than 18°C, and even better 21°C.

[0043] According to yet another embodiment of this method of custom manufacturing a ventilation element, said ventilation element being intended to also form a barrier against arthropods and said ventilation holes having an elongated shape, makes each of said holes so that it has a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, the dimension of each of said portions along the longitudinal axis being greater than the largest dimension of the arthropods against which this ventilation element is intended to provide protection, the dimension of each portion along the transverse axis being less than or equal to the largest dimension of the main body of these arthropods against which this ventilation element is intended to provide protection, this main body excluding the head and appendages of the corresponding arthropods.

[0044] Preferably, the section of each hole has a Ga value of between 0.1 and 8 mm in its largest dimension and a Pa value of between 500 μm and 1.2 mm in its other dimension, the Ga value being greater than the largest of the dimensions of the arthropods against which this ventilation element is intended to provide protection, while its Pa value is less than or equal to the largest dimension of the main body of these arthropods against which this ventilation element is intended to provide protection, this main body excluding the head and appendages of the corresponding arthropods.

[0045] For at least some of the ventilation holes of this plate, at least one free end of these ventilation holes thus has a straight cross-section, for example in the plane formed by the corresponding face, of elongated shape such as oblong, elliptical or even oval. This elongated cross-section thus comprises a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, its dimension along the longitudinal axis being greater than the largest dimension of the arthropods against which this ventilation element provides protection, the dimension along the transverse axis being less than or equal to the largest dimension of the main body of these arthropods against which this ventilation element provides protection, this main body excluding the head and appendages of the corresponding arthropods.

[0046] The term "appendix" means, for example, a locomotor appendage such as a leg of the arthropod.

[0047] It is thus observed that the present ventilation element ensures maximization of air exchanges through the plate while preventing the passage of arthropods, or by forming an impassable mechanical barrier for the arthropods against which it is intended to provide protection.

[0048] According to yet another embodiment of this method of custom manufacturing a ventilation element, said ventilation holes are treated to improve the light transmission coefficient of said plate.

[0049] For purely illustrative purposes, having made said ventilation holes in said plate, and at least one face of said plate still being covered with at least one layer removable protective layer, at least one layer configured to increase the light transmission coefficient of this plate compared to the light transmission coefficient of the same plate whose air holes are devoid of said layer(s) is formed on the portion of at least one face of said plate delimiting the edge of each of these air holes and / or the side wall, or the belt of side walls, delimiting each of the corresponding holes.

[0050] Preferably, said at least one layer configured to increase the light transmission coefficient of this plate will be formed from at least one layer of colored fillers, which or which will be obtained by:

[0051] - by implementing a laser beam to carry out a surface treatment such as the process called thermal foaming,

[0052] - by depositing a suitable aerosol paint composition,

[0053] - by a sol-gel process

[0054] - or by depositing a solution comprising a solvent and colored charges.

[0055] In the first case, the advantages of using a laser beam allowing “thermal foaming” are notably linked to obtaining particularly precise work and foaming colors that can be varied.

[0056] For purely illustrative purposes, a laser source with a wavelength of 1.06 pm, with a power of 10 W and a scanning speed of 35 m / min can be used on a polycarbonate plate. A dark gray coloration is then obtained which can be located in the immediate vicinity of the holes and on the walls of the ventilation holes accessible to the laser beam.

[0057] For the two other treatment processes identified above, the solvent is chosen according to the polymer constituting the plate in question in order to be able to dissolve its surface and embed the colored charges.

[0058] For purely illustrative purposes, this solvent may be an organic solvent such as methanol, cyclohexanone, acetone, pyridine or methylene chloride. This solvent may be used pure or in a mixture, for example with water.

[0059] For example, the mixture can then be dispersed by spray with a conventional paint gun with a small diameter nozzle, or by screen printing type coating, or even sol-gel dipping type coating. The surfaces masked, for example with the protective layer, will then be covered as well as at least the edge of the ventilation holes left visible by the drilling.

[0060] The main advantage of using these techniques is the speed of implementation over large areas.

[0061] For purely illustrative purposes, a mixture associated with PMMA may be composed of 95% by volume of acetone with 5% of carbon black, such as for example Emperor 1200 from Cabot®, or any other carbon with very fine particles, compatible with solvents and good rheological behavior to ensure good implementation. This mixture is for example projected using a Revell® airbrush with a 0.1 mm nozzle.

[0062] In all cases, it is possible to add to the solvent, alone or with the dye, photochromic elements based on silver chloride (such as Sigma Aldrich® AgCl having a purity greater than 99%) in particular for a glass plate, or spiro-oxazine (Tokyo Chemical Industries®) in particular for the case of polymers.

[0063] The advantage of photochromic agents is that they become darker with increasing light rays, i.e. at the time when the diffusion of light in the plate, largely caused by the large number of holes, must be limited. Compared to a situation without treatment, it is observed that the small discomfort which could be caused by the presence of colored charges is non-existent when the light rays are of low intensity.

[0064] Colored fillers can also be incorporated into a polymer (via a masterbatch) to ensure good mixing with the solvent.

[0065] According to yet another embodiment of this method of custom manufacturing a ventilation element, the ventilation holes are made:

[0066] - by pure water jet cutting to avoid impacts around the holes caused by additives added to the water to improve cutting. Indeed, these impacts alter the optical qualities of the material. As a purely example, a Mecanumeric quickjet II® machine can be used to make the cuts.

[0067] - by laser cutting with pulses of short duration typically less than a few milliseconds to avoid excessive heating around the holes. For example, a Trotec Speedy 100® CO2 laser machine can be used.

[0068] - by milling, for example with a single-thread milling cutter allowing the ejection of the chips, at a speed of around 10,000 rpm. For example, a Charly Robot 2U® machine could be used.

[0069] According to yet another embodiment of this method for custom manufacturing a ventilation element, transparent fins are formed or placed at each of said ventilation holes, on the face of the plate intended to be placed outside, each of said fins being configured to oppose the entry of snow and being connected to the plate in an inclined manner relative to the latter. These fins can, for example, be added. They are also advantageously removable.

[0070] The present invention also relates to the use of a ventilation element obtained by the custom manufacturing method as described above, to form a barrier against arthropods and / or against pests such as rodents, for example. example mice or rats.

[0071] The present invention also relates to a ventilation element, also called a ventilation grille, intended to be interposed between an interior space of volume V and an exterior, to ensure ventilation of said interior space, the air flow rate for ventilating said interior space being fixed at D in m3 / h, said ventilation element comprising:

[0072] - a transparent or translucent plate, said plate comprising at least one core made of glass or plastic,

[0073] - said plate comprising a plurality of ventilation holes each having a non-constant straight cross-section over at least part of the thickness of said plate, to modify the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element, when said outside air temperature is higher or lower than threshold temperatures,

[0074] - the air flow rate for ventilating said interior space being fixed at D in m3 / h, the number of holes made in said plate is at most equal to---------2---------, (Stot x Nx Vmoy x 3600) with Stot the total surface area for the free passage of air through said plate, or the sum of the individual surfaces of the holes on the side of the face of the plate intended to be placed towards the outside, Vmoy the average speed of the air through said holes, and where N is the number of openings of said interior space giving onto the outside with N greater than or equal to 1, when each opening is equipped with an identical ventilation element, and - the thickness of said plate is between 0.5 and 6 mm, and even better between 1 and 2 mm.

[0075] This ventilation element may be flat or essentially flat, or even non-flat. In the latter case, it may, for example, be at least partly curved or domed.

[0076] According to an embodiment of this ventilation element for ventilating an interior space, said plate has a light transmission coefficient which is greater than or equal to 70%, and even better greater than 80%.

[0077] According to another embodiment of this ventilation element for ventilating an interior space, for a given thickness of said plate and a given air flow rate for ventilating said interior space, the density of ventilation holes made in said plate, or the number of holes per unit area of ​​the plate, is determined so that the lowering or increase in the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element is maximum.

[0078] According to yet another embodiment of this ventilation element for ventilating an interior space, at least a majority of said ventilation holes have a progressive reduction in section in a direction extending between the two faces of said plate.

[0079] According to yet another embodiment of this ventilation element for ventilating an interior space, at least a majority of said ventilation holes are configured to lower the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element when the temperature of the outside air is greater than 26°C, and even better 23°C, and increase the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element when the air temperature is less than 18°C, and even better 21°C.

[0080] According to yet another embodiment of this ventilation element for ventilating an interior space, said plate comprises a core made of a material chosen from the group comprising polycarbonate, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene / propylene copolymer, polyurethane, polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

[0081] According to yet another embodiment of this ventilation element for ventilating an interior space, the plate can also be treated with anti-UV.

[0082] By way of example, this plate then comprises in its mass a UV absorber or at least one anti-UV film, which covers at least one face of said core.

[0083] According to yet another embodiment of this ventilation element for ventilating an interior space, said ventilation element is intended to form a barrier against arthropods and said ventilation holes having an elongated shape, each of said ventilation holes having a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, the dimension of each of said portions along the longitudinal axis being greater than the largest dimension of the arthropods against which this ventilation element is intended to provide protection, the dimension of each portion along the transverse axis being less than or equal to the largest dimension of the main body of these arthropods against which this ventilation element is intended to provide protection, this main body excluding the head and appendages of the corresponding arthropods. Preferably, the cross-section of each hole has a Ga value of between 0.1 and 8 mm in its largest dimension and a Pa value of between 500 μm and 1.2 mm in its other dimension, the Ga value being greater than the largest of the dimensions of the arthropods against which this ventilation element is intended to provide protection, while its Pa value is less than or equal to the largest dimension of the main body of these arthropods against which this ventilation element is intended to provide protection, this main body excluding the head and appendages of the corresponding arthropods.

[0084] Preferably, the lateral displacement of a ventilation hole during elastic deformation of the plate being Ax, 2 Ax is less than or equal to the largest dimension, even better the smallest dimension, of the main body of these arthropods against which this ventilation element provides protection, this main body excluding the head and the corresponding appendages of arthropods.

[0085] This advantageously ensures that even in the event of elastic deformation of the ventilation element, for example under the effect of wind, the arthropods against which this ventilation element provides protection remain effective by forming an impenetrable barrier to them.

[0086] This value of Ax is dependent on the material(s) constituting the plate, its thickness, its dimensions and the applied stress. The value 2 Ax is the maximum opening obtained during the opposite displacement of the upper and lower parts of a ventilation hole, without plastic deformation, during the application of an external force to the ventilation element in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to it, while this ventilation element is held in position for example by its peripheral edge.

[0087] More generally, the present invention also relates to a barrier against pests such as rodents, for example mice or rats, and / or against arthropods, comprising a ventilation element as described above. Such a barrier ensures the protection of an interior space such as a room, against pests and / or arthropods by preventing their migration into this space, and at the same time, allows optimized ventilation of this interior space.

[0088] The present invention also relates to a building comprising a wall comprising one or more openings, each opening ensuring air communication between an interior space and the exterior, said or at least some of said openings receiving a ventilation element as described previously, to ensure or participate in the ventilation of said corresponding interior space. Description of the drawings

[0089] Other advantages, aims and particular characteristics of the present invention will emerge from the description which follows, given, for explanatory and in no way limiting purposes, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: Fig.l

[0090] [Fig.l] is a partial perspective view of a ventilation element according to a first embodiment of the present invention, an edge of this ventilation element being pressed against a wall delimiting an opening in a construction; Fig. 2

[0091] [Fig.2] is a schematic representation of ventilation holes of an element ventilation according to a second embodiment, these ventilation holes having an elliptical section; Description of an embodiment

[0092] The drawings and the description below contain, for the most part, elements of a certain character. They may therefore not only serve to better understand the present invention, but also contribute to its definition, if necessary.

[0093] First of all, we note that the figures are not to scale.

[0094] [Fig.l] schematically and partially illustrates a ventilation element 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention for the natural ventilation of a room, an edge of this ventilation element being pressed against a wall delimiting an opening in a construction.

[0095] This interior space requires an air flow of around 155 m3 / h for the natural renewal of its air.

[0096] This ventilation element 10 which here forms a glazing element, comprises a plate 11 of plastic material, here polycarbonate. This plate 11 has a thickness of the order of one (1) mm.

[0097] This plate 11 is perforated with oblong-shaped ventilation holes 12, these ventilation holes 12 being aligned in two directions (x, y) in the plane of the plate 11 while being regularly spaced from each other.

[0098] Of course, the ventilation holes 12 could alternatively be arranged in a staggered pattern.

[0099] The density of ventilation holes 12 of this plate 11 was determined taking into account the values ​​displayed in table 1.

[0100] [Table 1]: Measurement results Air flow 155 m3 / h Density A 4075 holes / m2 Density B 8150 holes / m2 Density C 21800 holes / m2 Outside air temperature passing through the ventilation element = 55°C Plate thickness 1mm 6° C 6 4.3 Thickness 1.5mm 5.8 7 4.6 Thickness 2mm 5 6.1 4.1 Outside air temperature passing through the ventilation element = 40°C Plate thickness 1mm 3 2.5 3 Thickness 1.5mm 4 4.5 2.8 Thickness 2mm 3 2.8 2.8

[0101] This table 1 shows in particular the effects of the densities of holes made in the plate 11 for a given thickness of the latter on the variation of the temperature expressed in degrees Celsius, measured at the outlet of the ventilation element, for a given temperature of the outside air penetrating this ventilation element 10.

[0102] These measurements clearly show that the cooling generated by the ventilation element 10 under otherwise equal conditions is not proportional to the number of ventilation holes 12 per unit area.

[0103] The refresh effect is not cumulative.

[0104] On the contrary, it is clear that there is an optimum operating mode.

[0105] The density of ventilation holes 12 made here is density A, i.e. 4075 holes. Since these ventilation holes are identical, the Sind surface area of ​​each of these ventilation holes is related to the average speed of the air passing through the plate by the formula 155 / (4075 Sind x Vmoy x 3600). This Vmoy is dependent on the external environment of the room.

[0106] This plate 11 advantageously has a light transmission coefficient of the order of 85%.

[0107] [Fig.2] is an enlarged and partial view of a ventilation grille 40 providing not only optimal ventilation of an interior space but also constituting a screen, or barrier, against arthropods such as mosquitoes.

[0108] A single oblong-shaped ventilation hole 41 of this ventilation grille 40 is shown.

[0109] This plate, which is formed from a single piece of polycarbonate, comprises a first face 42 and a second face (not shown). This plate comprises a plurality of ventilation holes 41 extending and opening onto the two faces 42 of this sheet to allow the passage of air through it. The thickness of this plate is here 1.5 mm.

[0110] Only the free end of a ventilation hole 41 opening onto the first face 42 of this plate and therefore contained in this face, is shown for the sake of simplicity.

[0111] The part, or free end, of the ventilation hole opening onto the first face 42 thus has a first dimension along an axis 43 transverse to this hole and a second dimension along a longitudinal axis 44 to this hole.

[0112] Advantageously, the dimension of this ventilation hole 41 along its longitudinal axis 44 is greater than the largest dimension of the arthropods against which this ventilation element provides protection while its dimension along the transverse axis 43 is less than or equal to the largest dimension of the main body of these arthropods against which this ventilation element provides protection, this main body excluding the head and appendages of the corresponding arthropods.

[0113] This ensures a greater air flow through the ventilation grille 40. while ensuring its role as a mechanical barrier against the corresponding arthropods.

Claims

Claims

1. A method of custom manufacturing a ventilation element intended to be interposed between an interior space and an exterior, characterized in that the following steps are carried out: - providing a transparent or translucent plate (11), said plate (11) comprising at least one core made of glass or plastic, - making a plurality of ventilation holes (12) in said plate (11), at least a majority of said ventilation holes (12) having a non-constant straight cross-section over at least part of the thickness of said plate (11), to modify the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element, when said temperature of the exterior air is higher or lower than threshold temperatures, and - the air flow rate for ventilating said interior space being fixed at D in m3 / h,the number of holes made in said plate (11) is at most equal to ______D______ (Stoi x Nx Vmoy x 3600) with Stot the total surface area for the free passage of air through said plate (11), or the sum of the individual surfaces of the holes on the side of the face of the plate (11) intended to be placed towards the outside, Vmoy the average speed of the air through said holes, and where N is the number of openings in said interior space giving onto the outside with N greater than or equal to 1, when each opening is equipped with an identical ventilation element.,

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of said plate (11) is determined beforehand as a function of the air flow rate considered for said interior space and as a function of a given reduction or increase in the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for a given air flow rate to ventilate said interior space, the number of holes to be made in said plate (11) is adjusted by taking into account the thickness of said plate (11), and possibly the maximum and / or minimum average temperature outside.

4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that for a given thickness of said plate (11) and a given air flow rate for ventilating said interior space, the density of ventilation holes (12) to be made in said plate (11) is previously determined so that the lowering or increasing of the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element is maximum.

5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of said plate (11) is between 0.5 and 6 mm, and even better between 0.5 and 2.5 mm, and even more preferably between 1 and 2 mm.

6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that this average speed is measured in situ beforehand or this average air speed is determined beforehand at the level of said holes from one or more meteorological parameters.

7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a majority of said ventilation holes (12) are formed so as to have a progressive reduction in section in a direction extending between the two faces of said plate (11).

8. A method of any preceding claim, characterized in that at least a majority of said ventilation holes (12) are configured to lower the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element when the outside air temperature is above 26°C, and even more preferably 23°C, and increase the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element when the air temperature is below 18°C, and even more preferably 21°C.

9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said ventilation element is intended to also form a barrier against arthropods and said ventilation holes (12) have an elongated shape, each of said holes is made so that it has a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis, each of said ventilation holes having a portion opening on the side of the face of the plate (11) intended to be placed towards the outside, the dimension of each of said portions along the longitudinal axis being greater than the largest dimension of the arthropods against which this ventilation element is intended to provide protection, the dimension of each portion along the transverse axis being less than or equal to the largest dimension of the main body of these arthropods against which this ventilation element is intended to provide protection,this main body excluding the head and appendages of the corresponding arthropods.,

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the section of each hole has a Ga value of between 0.1 and 8 mm in its largest dimension and a Pa value of between 500 pm and 1.2 mm in its other dimension, the Ga value being greater than the largest of the dimensions of the arthropods against which this ventilation element is intended to provide protection, while its Pa value is less than or equal to the largest dimension of the main body of these arthropods against which this ventilation element is intended to provide protection, this main body excluding the head and appendages of the corresponding arthropods.

11. Ventilation element intended to be interposed between an interior space of volume V and an exterior, to ensure ventilation of said interior space, the air flow rate for ventilating said interior space being fixed at D in m3 / h, said ventilation element characterized in that it comprises: - a transparent or translucent plate (11), said plate (11) comprising at least one core made of glass or plastic, - said plate (11) comprising a plurality of ventilation holes (12) each having a non-constant straight cross-section over at least part of the thickness of said plate (11), to modify the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element, when said temperature of the exterior air is higher or lower than threshold temperatures, - the air flow rate for ventilating said interior space being fixed at D in m3 / h, the number of holes made in said plate (11) is at most equal to ______D______ (Stot x Nx Vmoy x 3600) with Stot the total surface area for the free passage of air through said plate (11), or the sum of the individual surfaces of the holes on the side of the face of the plate (11) intended to be placed towards the outside, Vmoy the average speed of the air through said holes, and where N is the number of openings of said interior space giving onto the outside with N greater than or equal to 1, when each opening is equipped with an identical ventilation element, and - the thickness of said plate (11) is between 0.5 and 6 mm, and even better between 1 and 2 mm.

12. Ventilation element according to claim 11, characterized in that for a given thickness of said plate (11) and a given air flow rate for ventilating said interior space, the density of ventilation holes (12) made in said plate (11) is determined so that the lowering or increase in the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element is maximum.

13. A ventilation element according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that at least a majority of said ventilation holes (12) have a progressive reduction in section in a direction extending between the two faces of said plate (11).

14. A ventilation element according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that at least a majority of said ventilation holes (12) are configured to lower the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element when the outside air temperature is above 26°C, and even better 23°C, and increase the temperature of the air passing through said ventilation element when the air temperature is below 18°C, and even better 21°C.

15. Ventilation element according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that it has a light transmission coefficient greater than or equal to 70%, and even better 80%.

16. A barrier against pests such as rodents, and / or against arthropods, comprising an aeration element (10) according to any one of claims 11 to 15.

17. Building comprising a wall comprising one or more openings, each opening providing air communication between an interior space and the exterior, said or at least some of said openings receiving a ventilation element (10) according to any one of claims 11 to 15 to provide or participate in the ventilation of said corresponding interior space.

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