MONITORING THE OPERATION OF A VEHICLE CELLULAR BATTERY TO DETECT AN INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUIT BY COMPARISONING CELLULAR VOLTAGE TRENDS

Abstract

A monitoring method is implemented in a vehicle comprising a battery with at least one cell module storing electrical energy, each cell having a measurable cell voltage, and an interface device having open and closed states designed respectively to prevent and allow the discharge current from a module. This method includes a step (10-30) in which, when two cells of a module undergo two substantially symmetrical changes in their cell voltages for a chosen duration while the interface device is in its open state, an alert is generated requesting the vehicle's occupants to leave the vehicle. Figure 3

Description

Title of the invention: MONITORING THE OPERATION OF A VEHICLE CELLULAR BATTERY, TO DETECT AN INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUIT BY COMPARISON OF CELLULAR VOLTAGE TRENDS Technical field of the invention

[0001] The invention relates to vehicles comprising a rechargeable cellular battery, and more specifically to monitoring the operation of the cellular battery within such vehicles to detect an internal short circuit due to the presence of liquid. Prior art

[0002] Certain vehicles, possibly of the automobile type, include a battery comprising at least two cell modules suitable for storing electrical energy and for participating in the delivery of a discharge current via an interface device that can be placed in an open state (or non-conducting - prohibiting this delivery) and a closed state (or conducting - allowing this delivery).

[0003] It should be noted that such a cellular battery is generally coupled to at least one electric drive unit of the vehicle's powertrain (or powertrain), in order to supply it with electrical energy via the interface device so that it can produce torque to move the vehicle. It will be understood that during such a power supply, the cellular battery discharges. Such a cellular battery is generally referred to as a "main" (or "traction") battery.

[0004] For protection, a vehicle's cell battery is hermetically sealed in a protective casing (or enclosure), which forms part of a battery pack. However, conductive fluid can accumulate in the protective casing and cause a short circuit in the cell battery. This can occur, for example, following a significant impact to the protective casing that punctures it, or if a cooling system hose located within the protective casing becomes disconnected.

[0005] This type of short circuit releases stored energy in the form of thermal energy, causing a rise in internal temperature that can lead to thermal runaway. Furthermore, this type of short circuit causes an electrolysis reaction in the liquid through which the current flows, releasing hydrogen and oxygen that could potentially cause an explosion.

[0006] It has been proposed to install a dedicated liquid level sensor on the bottom of the protective housing or to use the information on the loss of insulation of the cellular battery (developed by the computer associated with the latter) when its interface device is in its open state.

[0007] The first solution (with dedicated liquid level sensor) proves to be relatively expensive, complicates the arrangement in the battery assembly and the liquid level sensor may be subject to malfunctions.

[0008] The second solution (using information about loss of insulation) is not very reliable. Indeed, loss of insulation can result from the presence of a liquid, but also from the presence of humidity or minor, insignificant electrolyte leaks. Consequently, in practice, this information is not used to trigger an alert due to the high probability of a false alarm, and an immediate stop of the vehicle is simply requested.

[0009] It has also been proposed to detect the presence of an internal short circuit rather than the presence of liquid by means of a current sensor implanted in the protective housing. However, such a solution is not very reliable because the current loop generated by the short circuit does not necessarily pass through the current sensor. Furthermore, the current sensor can malfunction.

[0010] It has also been proposed to detect the presence of dihydrogen (or H2) in the protective housing using a dedicated sensor. However, this proves relatively expensive, complicates the arrangement within the battery assembly, and the dihydrogen sensor is prone to malfunctions.

[0011] The invention therefore aims in particular to improve the situation, without using a dedicated sensor. Presentation of the invention

[0012] In particular, it proposes for this purpose a monitoring method intended to be implemented (automatically) in a vehicle comprising:

[0013] - a battery comprising at least one module of cells suitable for storing electrical energy, each with its own specific cell voltage that can be measured, and

[0014] - an interface device having its own open and closed states respectively to prohibit and allow the delivery of a discharge current by a module (of cells).

[0015] This monitoring method is characterized by the fact that it includes a step in which, when two cells of at least one module undergo two substantially symmetrical evolutions of their cell voltages for a chosen duration while the interface device is in its open state, an alert is generated asking passengers of the vehicle to leave the vehicle.

[0016] Thanks to the invention, it is now possible to reliably detect a short circuit at the level of a cell module by comparing the evolutions of the cell voltages of two cells of this module when the interface device is in its open state, without the need to use a dedicated sensor.

[0017] The monitoring method according to the invention may include other features which may be taken separately or in combination, and in particular:

[0018] - in its step, an alert can be generated when, in addition to the two evolutions correspond respectively to increases and decreases in cellular tension exceeding a threshold during the chosen duration;

[0019] - in the presence of the first option, in its step, the threshold can be between 40 mV and 60 mV;

[0020] - in its stage, the alert can also trigger a generation by a module of communication present in the vehicle of a chosen communication likely to require the intervention of an emergency service;

[0021] - in its step, an alert can be generated when, in addition to a loss of isolation of the battery was detected while the interface device is in its open state;

[0022] - in its stage, the chosen duration can be between 35 minutes and 45 minutes.

[0023] The invention also proposes a computer program product comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by processing means, is suitable for implementing a monitoring method of the type presented above, in a vehicle comprising a battery having at least one module of cells suitable for storing electrical energy and each having a cell voltage suitable for being measured, and an interface device having open and closed states suitable respectively for prohibiting and allowing the delivery of a discharge current by a module (of cells), to monitor battery operation to detect an internal short circuit due to the presence of liquid.

[0024] The invention also proposes a monitoring device for equipping a vehicle comprising:

[0025] - a battery comprising at least one module of cells suitable for storing electrical energy, each having its own cell voltage to be measured, and

[0026] - an interface device having its own open and closed states respectively to prohibit and allow the delivery of a discharge current by a module (of cells).

[0027] This monitoring device is characterized in that it comprises at least one processor and at least one memory arranged to perform the operations consisting of, when two cells of at least one module undergo two substantially symmetrical evolutions of their cell voltages for a period chosen while the interface device is in its open state, to trigger the generation of an alert asking passengers in the vehicle to leave it.

[0028] The invention also proposes a vehicle, possibly of the automobile type, comprising:

[0029] - a battery comprising at least one module of cells suitable for storing electrical energy, each with its own specific cell voltage that can be measured,

[0030] - an interface device having its own open and closed states respectively to prohibit and allow the delivery of a discharge current by a module (of cells), and

[0031] - a monitoring device of the type presented above.

[0032] For example, this vehicle may include a powertrain (or PMT) comprising at least one electric motive machine coupled to its battery. Brief description of the figures

[0033] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from an examination of the detailed description below, and the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0034] [Fig-1] schematically and functionally illustrates an example of an embodiment of a vehicle comprising a monitoring device according to the invention and a powertrain with an electric drive unit associated with a battery assembly comprising a cell battery and a battery box with an interface device and battery computer,

[0035] [Fig.2] schematically and functionally illustrates an example of an embodiment of a battery calculator including an example of an embodiment of a monitoring device according to the invention,

[0036] [Fig.3] schematically illustrates an example of an algorithm implementing a monitoring method according to the invention, and

[0037] [Fig.4] schematically illustrates within a diagram an example of temporal evolutions (t (in seconds)) substantially symmetrical of the cellular tensions (tel and tc2) of two cells of the same module. Detailed description of the invention

[0038] The invention aims in particular to provide a monitoring method, and an associated DS monitoring device, intended to enable the monitoring of the operation of a BC cell battery equipping a vehicle V in order to detect, by comparison of cell voltage evolutions, an internal short circuit due to the presence of liquid.

[0039] In what follows, vehicle V is considered, by way of non-limiting example, to be of the automobile type. It is, for example, a car, as illustrated in [Fig. 1]. But the invention is not limited to this type of vehicle. It relates in fact to any type of vehicle including at least one rechargeable cellular battery. Thus, it concerns land vehicles (commercial vehicles, motorhomes, minibuses, coaches, trucks, motorcycles, road maintenance vehicles, construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, recreational vehicles (snowmobiles, go-karts), tracked vehicles, trains and trams, for example), aircraft and boats.

[0040] Furthermore, in what follows, by way of non-limiting example, vehicle V is considered to comprise a powertrain (or PWM) of the all-electric type (and therefore whose propulsion is provided exclusively by at least one electric motor). However, the PWM could be of the hybrid type (thermal and electric).

[0041] A vehicle V comprising a transmission chain with an electric GMP (here) (and therefore with an electric motive machine MME), a supervisory computer CS, an on-board network RB, a service battery BS, a converter CV, a battery assembly EB comprising a cellular battery BC and a battery box BB comprising an interface device DI and a battery computer CB, a monitoring device DS and an electrical power supply system is schematically represented in [Fig.1].

[0042] The power supply system includes a main electrical circuit connected to a CR power connector and a CH charger, including an AC charger computer and here a CV converter, as well as to the electric drive machine MME.

[0043] The RB on-board network is an electrical power supply network to which electrical (or electronic) equipment (or components) that consume electrical energy are coupled.

[0044] The auxiliary battery BS is responsible for supplying electrical power to the vehicle's electrical system RB, supplementing that supplied by the CV converter powered by the cellular battery BC via the main electrical circuit, and sometimes replacing this CV converter. For example, this auxiliary battery BS may be configured as a very low voltage type battery (typically 12 V, 24 V, or 48 V). It is rechargeable at least by the CV converter. In the following, for the sake of non-limiting example, the auxiliary battery BS is considered to be a 12 V lithium-ion type.

[0045] The main electrical circuit (or "high voltage") is more precisely connected, on the one hand, to the cellular battery BC via the battery box BB, and, on the other hand, to electronic equipment, such as the CV converter and the electric drive machine MME. It also allows the cellular battery BC to be recharged by an external power source and temporarily connected to the vehicle's power connector CR V. In the example illustrated, but not limited to the... [Fig. 1] The main electrical circuit allows the BC cellular battery to be recharged not only with direct current (or mode 4), but also with alternating current (or mode 2 or 3), under the control of the CA charger computer (of the CH charger) and the CB battery computer (of the BB battery box). However, in unillustrated alternative embodiments, the main electrical circuit could allow only direct current (or mode 4) charging or only alternating current (or mode 2 or 3) charging.

[0046] The transmission chain has a powertrain which, in this case, is purely electric and therefore includes, in particular, an electric drive machine MME, a drive shaft AM, and a transmission shaft AT. Here, "electric drive machine" means an electric machine arranged to provide torque to move the vehicle V when supplied with electrical energy, and possibly to recover torque in the transmission chain.

[0047] The operation of the transmission chain (and therefore of the GMP) is supervised by a CS supervision computer.

[0048] The electric drive machine MME (here an electric motor) is here coupled to the cellular battery BC via the main electrical circuit and the battery box BB, in order to be supplied with electrical energy, as well as possibly to supply this cellular battery BC with electrical energy, for example during a regenerative braking phase.

[0049] Furthermore, this electric drive machine MME is coupled to the motor shaft AM to supply it with torque by rotational drive. This motor shaft AM is here coupled to a reduction gear RD which is also coupled to the transmission shaft AT, itself coupled to a first set of wheels Tl, preferably via a differential DV.

[0050] This first train Tl is located here in the front part PVV of the vehicle V. But in a variant this first train Tl could be the one which is here referenced T2 and which is located in the rear part PRV of the vehicle V.

[0051] The CV converter can also be used, during the vehicle V's driving phases, to convert part of the electrical current stored in the cellular battery BC to supply converted electrical current to the on-board network RB and the auxiliary battery BS (to recharge it).

[0052] It will be noted, as illustrated non-limitingly on [Fig.1] and as indicated above, that the CV converter can be part of the CH charger which also includes the AC charger computer responsible, at least, for controlling the charging of the BC cellular battery.

[0053] The cellular battery BC, which here powers the electric motor MME, constitutes a main (or traction) battery. It (BC) comprises at least one module MC, each module having at least two cells CE, each with its own storage capacity. electrical energy, and suitable for participating in the delivery of a discharge current via the DI interface device.

[0054] The interface device DI has an open (or non-conducting) state in which it prevents the discharge current from being delivered, and a closed (or conducting) state in which it allows the discharge current to be delivered. It is therefore arranged to isolate the cell battery BC, if necessary, from the entire main electrical circuit. It includes, in particular, contactors (or switches or relays), possibly based on MOSFET(s), and protective fuses.

[0055] Each CE cell has a cell voltage which is suitable for measurement, for example periodically (the period can be between 50 milliseconds and 100 milliseconds, for example).

[0056] For example, the cells can be electrochemical. In this case, they can be of the lithium-ion (or Li-ion) or Ni-MH or Ni-Cd type, for example. Also, for example, the BC cell battery can be of the low-voltage type (typically 450 V by way of illustration). But it could also be of the medium-voltage or high-voltage type.

[0057] It should also be noted that in the example illustrated, but not limited to, in [Fig. 1], the BC cell battery comprises six MC cell modules. However, the number of MC cell modules can take any value greater than or equal to one.

[0058] Furthermore, the BC cell battery is (here) associated with a BB battery housing which includes, in particular, the DI interface device, DA analysis devices, and the CB battery computer. For example, the BC cell battery and the BB battery housing can be part of a battery assembly (or "pack") EB. Although this is not shown in [Fig. 1], at least the BC cell battery is hermetically sealed within a protective housing (or enclosure) for the EB battery assembly.

[0059] The DA analysis devices are suitable for determining current values ​​of quantities representative of the CE cells (and in particular their cell voltages), and communicate with each other via an LC communication line coupled to the CB battery computer so that it can receive these determined current values ​​and control the operation of the BC cell battery according to these determined and received current values.

[0060] It should be noted that in the example illustrated, but not limited to, in [Fig. 1], each DA analysis device is associated and coupled to two MC cell modules. However, the number of MC cell modules to which a DA analysis device can be coupled can take any value greater than or equal to one.

[0061] It should also be noted that in the example illustrated, but not limited to, in [Fig. 1], the vehicle V also includes a distribution box BD to which the auxiliary battery BS, the converter CV, and the on-board network RB are coupled. This box distribution BD is responsible for distributing in the on-board network RB the electrical energy stored in the service battery BS or produced by the converter CV, for the supply of electrical components (or equipment) coupled to the on-board network RB according to power requests received (in particular from the supervision computer CS of the GMP).

[0062] As mentioned above, the invention proposes in particular a monitoring method intended to enable monitoring of the operation of the BC cellular battery to detect an internal short circuit due to the presence of liquid.

[0063] This (monitoring) method can be implemented at least partially by the DS monitoring device (illustrated at least partially in Figures 1 and 2), which for this purpose comprises at least one PR1 processor, for example a digital signal processor (or DSP), and at least one MD memory. This DS monitoring device can therefore be implemented as a combination of electrical or electronic circuits or components (or "hardware") and software modules (or "software"). For example, it could be a microcontroller.

[0064] The MD memory is random access memory (RAM) to store instructions for the implementation by the PR1 processor of at least part of the monitoring process. The PR1 processor may comprise integrated (or printed) circuits, or several integrated (or printed) circuits connected by wired or wireless connections. An integrated (or printed) circuit is defined as any type of device capable of performing at least one electrical or electronic operation.

[0065] In the example illustrated, but not limited to, Figures 1 and 2, the DS monitoring device is part of the CB battery control unit. However, this is not mandatory. Indeed, the DS monitoring device could comprise its own dedicated control unit, which is then coupled to the CB battery control unit, or it could be part of another control unit embedded in the vehicle V and performing at least one other function.

[0066] As illustrated non-limitingly in [Fig.3], the (monitoring) method according to the invention includes a step 10-30 which is implemented each time the vehicle V is in operation (and in particular when its cellular battery BC is used in discharge).

[0067] Step 10-30 of the method includes a substep 30 in which, when two CE cells of at least one MC module are respectively subject to two substantially symmetric evolutions of their cell voltages for a chosen duration of while the interface device DI is in its open state, an alert is generated (for example the DS monitoring device triggers the generation of an alert) asking the passengers of the vehicle V to leave the latter (V).

[0068] Here, "substantially symmetrical evolutions" are understood to mean evolutions that are substantially opposite and substantially simultaneous. In other words, and as schematically illustrated in the time-domain diagram of cell voltages in [Fig. 4], when the evolution of cell voltage tc2 of a first CE cell of an MC module decreases, the evolution of cell voltage tc2 of a second CE cell of the same MC module increases. Furthermore, the expression "substantially symmetrical" means exactly symmetrical or almost symmetrical to within + / - 10%. Moreover, the expression "substantially simultaneously" means exactly at the same time or almost at the same time to within + / - 5 s.

[0069] It will be understood that these substantially symmetrical evolutions of two CE cells of the same MC module during the chosen duration are characteristic of an internal short circuit due to the presence of liquid in this MC module. Consequently, by comparing the respective evolutions of the cell voltages of the CE cells of each MC module, it is now possible to determine whether two of them are substantially symmetrical during this chosen duration, and if so, to reliably deduce that their MC module is experiencing an internal short circuit due to the presence of liquid. Alerting the passengers of vehicle V to ask them to leave the vehicle (V) then significantly improves their safety, even though no sensor dedicated to detecting internal short circuits has been used.

[0070] For example, and as illustrated non-limitingly in [Fig. 3], step 10-30 may include a substep 10 in which one (for example, the DS monitoring device) may first periodically determine, for each MC module, the evolution of the cell voltage of each of its CE cells, and then one (for example, the DS monitoring device) may compare all these determined evolutions to determine whether two of the cells of the MC module under consideration have substantially symmetrical evolutions. Then, in a substep 20 of step 10-30, the cell voltages Δt and Δtc2 of these two determined CE cells are more specifically monitored periodically throughout the chosen duration of (starting when their respective evolutions began to be substantially symmetrical).Then, at the end of the chosen duration, if the evolutions of the two cellular voltages tel and tc2 are still substantially symmetrical, in substep 30 the alert is generated (for example, the DS monitoring device triggers the generation of). Note that if, during the elapsed time of the chosen duration, the evolutions of the two cellular voltages tel and tc2 are no longer substantially symmetrical, the comparison of their evolutions is interrupted and the monitoring process is restarted from zero.

[0071] Also, for example, in substep 30 of step 10-30, the alert can be generated (for example, the DS monitoring device can trigger the generation of) when, in addition, the changes in the two cellular tensions tel and tc2 correspond respectively to increases and decreases in cellular tensions exceeding a threshold sa during the chosen duration of. In other words, the respective amplitudes of these changes must be substantially identical but in opposite directions (positive and negative) with respect to a median value, and the maximum values ​​of these amplitudes must be, in absolute value, greater than the threshold sa during this chosen duration of.

[0072] Also, for example, in step 10-30 the threshold sa can be between 40 mV and 60 mV. As an illustrative example, the threshold sa can be equal to 50 mV. But other values ​​of this threshold sa can be used. For example, the value of this threshold sa can be chosen during the development phase of vehicle V (or of the cell battery BC).

[0073] Also, for example, in step 10-30, the selected duration can be between 35 and 45 minutes. As an illustrative example, the selected duration can be 40 minutes. However, other values ​​for this selected duration can be used. For example, this selected duration can be chosen during the development phase of vehicle V (or the BC cell battery).

[0074] Also, for example, in sub-step 30 of step 10-30 the alert can also trigger the generation by a communication module present in vehicle V of a communication which is chosen and specific to require the intervention of an emergency service.

[0075] Herein, "chosen communication" means a wireless communication established with a server accessible via a communication identifier known to the DS monitoring device. This could be a telephone call or the sending of an email or short message (or SMS), for example. Furthermore, the emergency service could be a roadside assistance service adapted for this purpose or the fire department, for example. In addition, the aforementioned communication module could be a permanent part of vehicle V or could be part of a mobile phone used by a passenger of vehicle V (and therefore temporarily present in it).

[0076] This option is particularly advantageous because it can allow for relatively rapid intervention where the vehicle V has been immobilized by its driver (in order to evacuate it), which is likely to prevent thermal runaway of the cellular battery BC and thus prevent a fire from occurring in the vehicle V. This therefore also improves the safety of the vehicle V.

[0077] Also, for example, in substep 30 of step 10-30, the alert can be generated (for example, the DS monitoring device can trigger the generation of) when, in addition, a loss of isolation of the cellular battery BC has been detected while the interface device DI is in its open state.

[0078] It is recalled that the information on the loss of insulation of the cellular battery BC is generated by the battery computer CB when a discharge current is detected even though the interface device DI is in its open state.

[0079] This information is used here to confirm that there is indeed a short circuit resulting from the presence of a liquid and suspected by the detection of substantially symmetrical evolutions of two cellular voltages tel and tc2 during the chosen duration of while the interface device DI is in its open state.

[0080] It should also be noted, as illustrated but not limited to [Fig. 2], that the battery calculator CB (or the computer of the DS monitoring device) may also include a mass memory MM1, in particular for storing each measured cell voltage and each cell voltage evolution of each CE cell, as well as any intermediate data involved in all its calculations and processing. Furthermore, this battery calculator CB (or the computer of the DS monitoring device) may also include an input interface IE for receiving at least the measured cell voltages and any insulation loss information for use in calculations or processing, possibly after having shaped and / or demodulated and / or amplified them, in a manner known per se, by means of a digital signal processor PR2.Furthermore, this CB battery calculator (or the DS monitoring device calculator) may also include an IS output interface, specifically for generating and delivering each alert message.

[0081] It will also be noted that the invention also proposes a computer program product (or computer program) comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by processing means of the type of electronic circuits (or hardware), such as for example the PR1 processor, is suitable for implementing the monitoring method described above to monitor in the vehicle V the operation of the cellular battery BC in order to detect, by comparison of evolutions of cellular voltages, an internal short circuit due to the presence of liquid.

Claims

Demands

1. A monitoring method for a vehicle (V) comprising i) a battery (BC) having at least one module (MC) of cells (CE) suitable for storing electrical energy and each having a cell voltage suitable for measurement, and ii) an interface device (DI) having open and closed states suitable respectively for prohibiting and allowing the delivery of a discharge current by said module (MC), characterized in that it comprises a step (10-30) in which, when two cells (CE) of at least one module (MC) undergo two substantially opposite substantially simultaneous evolutions of their cell voltages for a chosen duration while said interface device (DI) is in its open state, an alert is generated requesting passengers of said vehicle (V) to leave the vehicle (V).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in said step (10-30) said alert is generated when in addition said changes correspond respectively to increases and decreases in cellular tensions greater than a threshold during said chosen duration.

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that in said step (10-30) said threshold is between 40 mV and 60 mV.

4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in said step (10-30) said alert also triggers a generation by a communication module present in said vehicle (V) of a selected communication suitable for requiring the intervention of an emergency service.

5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in said step (10-30) said alert is generated when, in addition, a loss of insulation of said battery (BC) has been detected while said interface device (DI) is in its open state.

6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in said step (10-30) said chosen duration is between 35 min and 45 min.

7. Product computer program comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by processing means, is suitable for implementing the monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in a vehicle (V) comprising i) a battery (BC) comprising at least one module (MC) of cells (CE) suitable for storing electrical energy and each having a cell voltage suitable for measurement, and ii) an interface device (DI) having open and closed states suitable respectively for prohibiting and allowing the delivery of a discharge current by said module (MC), to monitor the operation of said battery (BC) to detect an internal short circuit due to the presence of liquid.

8. A monitoring device (MD) for a vehicle (V) comprising i) a battery (BC) having at least one module (MC) of cells (CE) suitable for storing electrical energy and each having a cell voltage suitable for measurement, and ii) an interface device (ID) having open and closed states suitable respectively for prohibiting and allowing the delivery of a discharge current by said module (MC), characterized in that the monitoring device (MD) for a vehicle (V) comprises at least one processor (PR1) and at least one memory (MD) arranged to perform the operations consisting, when two cells (CE) of at least one module (MC) undergo two substantially symmetrical evolutions of their cell voltages for a chosen duration while said interface device (ID) is in its open state, of triggering the generation of an alert requesting passengers of said vehicle (V) to leave said vehicle (V).

9. Vehicle (V) comprising i) a battery (BC) having at least one module (MC) of cells (CE) suitable for storing electrical energy and each having a cell voltage suitable for measurement, with and ii) an interface device (DI) having open and closed states suitable respectively for prohibiting and allowing the delivery of a discharge current by said module (MC), characterized in that it further comprises a monitoring device (DS) according to claim 8.

10. Vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises a powertrain including at least one electric motive machine (EMM) coupled to said battery (BC).

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