Self-watering planter for plant species

Abstract

"Self-watering planter for plant species" A planter (1) comprising: an infiltration basin (2): comprising a granular material, communicating with a runoff drainage channel (3), the infiltration basin is arranged to drain the runoff, at least one planting pit (4), adjacent to the infiltration basin, comprising a growing medium for plant species (5). A ratio between the volume of the infiltration basin and the volume of the at least one planting pit is greater than or equal to 2. Figure for the abbreviation: Figure 2

Description

Title of the invention: Self-contained water planter for plant species Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of planters for plant species.

[0002] The present invention relates, in particular, to buried planters.

[0003] The present invention is particularly directed to plant species planted near a surface network intended for the collection and / or drainage of rainwater, for example in urban or peri-urban areas, in housing estates, economic activity zones or even transport networks, in particular road networks. State of the prior art

[0004] Known in the state of the art are planters, buried or not, comprising a volume of growing medium in which the root system of the plant species is intended to extend. The growing medium may be earth or potting soil or a mixture of earth and potting soil.

[0005] It is also known to add water-retaining materials to the planter, typically clay balls, scattered on the surface of the planter or in the growing medium to increase the quantity of water stored in the planter.

[0006] The issue of water management is a major topic today. Climate change, associated with soil sealing, has led in recent decades to a major decrease in the level of groundwater and to recurring situations of episodes of water restriction for populations and economic activities. The watering of plants, trees and shrubs is now subject to restriction, or even prohibited during long periods of the year, on a recurring basis. Climate change has also led to a growing increase in intense, occasional and local storm events during which a large quantity of rainwater that cannot be drained or stored in the ground flows away almost entirely, causing a rapid increase in the water level in natural effluents and the resulting consequences.

[0007] This phenomenon requires oversizing rainwater drainage networks and creating retention basins to limit the effects of water runoff during storms to reduce the risk of flooding.

[0008] Thus, the rains no longer provide the water needed by the plantations, which are intended to cool their immediate environment by evapotranspiration, to create shade to slow down evaporation and to reduce runoff. saddle. As a result, drinking water is consumed to meet the water needs of plant species.

[0009] There are therefore major challenges requiring, in particular, the implementation of solutions to improve rainwater management and / or to limit, or even eliminate, the consumption of drinking water dedicated to watering plantations and to improve soil management and development.

[0010] An aim of the invention is, in addition, to propose a planter: - autonomous, or quasi-autonomous, in water, and / or - participating in the filling of groundwater, and / or - limiting the amount of runoff water, and / or - participating in the de-waterproofing of soils, and / or - promoting the renaturation of soils, and / or - allowing rainwater to be disconnected from the sanitation network, and / or - allowing the size and / or number of pipes dedicated to transporting runoff water to be reduced, and / or - allowing the size and / or number of retention basins to be reduced, and / or - recover waste, and / or - to reduce carbon emissions linked to urbanization or land use projects. Presentation of the invention

[0011] For this purpose, a planter is proposed comprising an infiltration basin. The infiltration basin comprises, preferably is made of, a granular material. The infiltration basin communicates with a runoff water flow channel. The infiltration basin is arranged to drain and / or store the runoff water.

[0012] The planter comprises at least one planting pit adjacent to the infiltration basin. The at least one planting pit comprises a growing medium for plant species(s).

[0013] For each planting pit, a ratio between a volume of the infiltration basin and a volume of a planting pit considered is greater than or equal to 2.

[0014] The planter can be buried or “above ground”. “Above ground” means not buried.

[0015] Preferably, the planter is buried or intended to be buried. Buried is understood to mean that at least part of the planter is located in the ground or below ground level. Preferably, the infiltration basin and / or the at least one planting pit are located in the ground or below ground level.

[0016] At least a portion of an upper surface of the infiltration basin, preferably the entire infiltration basin, and / or at least a portion of an upper surface of the at least one planting pit, preferably the entire at least one planting pit, may constitute the ground level of the planter.

[0017] In the present application, the floor level of the planter may be understood to mean: the surface or the upper surface or the floor surface of the planter.

[0018] Preferably, the ground level of the planter may be the same as or different from the ground level of the area or environment, adjacent to the planter, in which the planter is located. Preferably, the upper surface of the infiltration basin is at the same level as the ground level adjacent to the planter.

[0019] In the present application, adjacent may be understood to mean: adjoining or adjoining or contiguous.

[0020] The term surface or upper surface of the planter and / or the infiltration basin and / or the at least one planting pit may be understood to mean: the ground or the ground level of the planter and / or the infiltration basin and / or the at least one planting pit.

[0021] Preferably, the infiltration basin is arranged to capture, at least a portion, of the rainwater flowing into surface collectors or into the rainwater network or into the surface water or runoff drainage network.

[0022] Preferably, the flow channel is arranged to ensure the flow of runoff water on the surface of the ground.

[0023] Runoff water can be understood to mean collected rainwater flowing into the drainage channel.

[0024] The infiltration basin may comprise one or more granular materials.

[0025] Preferably, the infiltration basin is made entirely or solely of granular material. In this case, the volume of the infiltration basin corresponds to the volume of granular material.

[0026] Preferably, the planter comprises a single infiltration basin.

[0027] The flow channel may be a gutter, a channel, a conduit, a trench, a ditch or gutter.

[0028] The flow channel may be closed. Preferably, the flow channel is open.

[0029] Preferably, the flow channel is on the surface or at ground level.

[0030] The portion of the flow channel communicating with the infiltration basin may constitute a depression or low point, preferably a local depression or low point, of the flow channel so that runoff water may accumulate, for example forming a puddle, in the portion of the flow channel communicating with the infiltration basin.

[0031] The flow channel can communicate with: - the upper surface of the infiltration basin, and / or - a buried or underground part of the infiltration basin, and / or - a side part, for example with a side, for example when the The planter is above ground, from the infiltration basin.

[0032] Preferably, the infiltration basin is arranged to drain runoff water, preferably from the runoff channel, to and / or into and / or through the infiltration basin.

[0033] Preferably, the infiltration basin is arranged to drain runoff water from the flow channel, preferably to or into the ground and / or into the subsoil and / or into the part of the ground located under the infiltration basin and / or under the planter.

[0034] Preferably, the infiltration basin is arranged to store at least a portion, preferably as large a portion as possible, of the runoff water flowing through the latter.

[0035] Preferably, the infiltration basin is arranged to allow intergranular storage of at least a portion of the runoff water flowing through it.

[0036] Preferably, the at least one planting pit is directly adjacent to the infiltration basin, preferably over an entire depth along which the at least one planting pit extends and / or over an entire depth along which the infiltration basin extends.

[0037] Preferably, each planting pit is directly adjacent to the infiltration basin.

[0038] Preferably, the growing medium is intended to receive the root system of a plant species.

[0039] The at least one planting pit may comprise one or more plant species.

[0040] Preferably, the ratio between the volume of the infiltration basin and the volume of the at least one planting pit is understood to mean: the ratio between the volume of the infiltration basin and the sum of the volumes of the planting pits.

[0041] Preferably, the ratio between a volume of the infiltration basin and the total volume of the planting pits is greater than or equal to 2, preferably 2.25, more preferably 2.5, advantageously 2.75, more advantageously 3, even more advantageously 3.25, particularly advantageously 3.5, even more particularly advantageously 3.75, preferably 4, more preferably 5 and even more preferably 6.

[0042] Preferably, the ratio between a volume of the infiltration basin and the total volume of the planting pits is less than or equal to 20, preferably 18, more preferably 16, advantageously 15, more advantageously 14, even more advantageously 12 and particularly advantageously 10.

[0043] Preferably, the planter comprises a liner. Preferably, the liner covers, at least in part, the infiltration basin. Preferably, the liner is arranged to allow runoff water to infiltrate at or through it.

[0044] Preferably, the coating is permeable, at least, to runoff water, preferably to liquids, or is arranged so that runoff water, preferably liquids, passes through it.

[0045] Preferably, the coating completely covers the infiltration basin.

[0046] Preferably, the coating covers, at least in part, preferably completely, the infiltration basin, more preferably the upper surface of the infiltration basin, and / or the at least one planting pit, more preferably the upper surface of the at least one planting pit, and / or the planter, more preferably the upper surface of the planter.

[0047] Preferably, the coating forms a continuous layer, preferably in one piece. Preferably, the coating is not granular.

[0048] Preferably, the planter comprises a border. Preferably, the border delimits, at least in part, the planter. Preferably, the border is arranged to contain runoff water within the planter.

[0049] Preferably, the border extends vertically above the ground level of the planter. Preferably, the border extends from the ground level of the planter or from the basement of the planter.

[0050] Preferably, the border separates, at least in part, the surface or the ground from the planter from the ground or surface of the area or environment, adjacent to the planter, in which the planter is located.

[0051] Preferably, the border only partially delimits the planter.

[0052] Preferably, the border comprises one or more openings through which or through which the surface of the infiltration basin communicates with the flow channel.

[0053] Preferably, the border comprises one or more openings through which the infiltration basin communicates with the flow channel.

[0054] Preferably, an upper surface of the portion of the flow channel communicating with the infiltration basin is at the same altimetry, or at the same level, or at a higher altimetry, or at a higher level, of the upper surface of the portion of the infiltration basin communicating with the flow channel.

[0055] Preferably, the at least one planting pit comprises a root guide. Preferably, the root guide is intended to guide the growth of the roots of the plant species that the at least one planting pit is intended to receive.

[0056] Preferably, the root guide makes it possible to prevent the roots of the plant species from extending into the infiltration basin and / or, laterally, outside the planter.

[0057] Preferably, a depth of the infiltration basin is greater than or equal to 80 cm.

[0058] Preferably, the depth of the infiltration basin is understood to mean the vertical distance, from ground level or the upper surface of the infiltration basin, over which the infiltration basin extends into the ground.

[0059] Preferably, a depth of the infiltration basin is greater than or equal to 80 cm, preferably 85, more preferably 90, advantageously 95, more advantageously 100, even more advantageously 120, particularly advantageously 120 and preferably 130 cm and / or less than or equal to 250 cm.

[0060] Preferably, the granular material has a void ratio greater than or equal to 0.4.

[0061] Preferably, the granular material has a void ratio greater than or equal to 0.4, preferably 0.42, more preferably 0.4, advantageously 0.45, more advantageously 0.46, even more advantageously 0.47, particularly advantageously 0.48, even more particularly advantageously 0.49, preferably 0.5, more preferably 0.51, even more preferably 0.52, particularly preferably 0.53 and most preferably 0.54 and / or less than or equal to 0.8.

[0062] Preferably, the granular material has a particle size of between 20 and 100 mm.

[0063] Preferably, the granular material has a grain size, or a minimum Feret diameter, greater than or equal to 20 mm, preferably 25, more preferably 30, advantageously 35 and more preferably 40 mm and / or a grain size, or a maximum Feret diameter, less than or equal to 100 mm, preferably 95, more preferably 90, advantageously 85 and more preferably 80 mm.

[0064] Preferably, the granular material comprises recycled construction material waste or rubble.

[0065] Preferably, the granular material is an inert material.

[0066] Preferably, the granular material may be mineral.

[0067] Preferably, the granular material may come from quarries.

[0068] Preferably, the granular material is a water-retaining absorbent material.

[0069] Preferably, the infiltration basin comprises a retaining granular material water allows, in addition to inter-granular storage, intra-granular storage of at least part of the runoff water flowing through the latter.

[0070] Preferably, the granular material is a fired clay or terracotta material.

[0071] Preferably, the fired clay granular material may comprise or consist of tile waste and / or brick waste.

[0072] Preferably, the granular material is gravel.

[0073] Preferably, the granular material comes from quarry(ies).

[0074] Preferably, the gravel is untreated.

[0075] According to the invention, a method for manufacturing a planter on a given installation site is also proposed. The method comprises the step of forming an excavation in the ground, by excavating. The method further comprises the step of filling a first volume of the excavation with a granular material. The first volume of the excavation thus filled forms an infiltration basin. The method further comprises the step of filling the remaining excavation volume with a growing medium for plant species(s). The remaining excavation volume thus filled forms at least one planting pit for plant species(s).The step of filling the first volume of the excavation and / or the step of filling the remaining excavation volume is implemented so that, for each planting pit considered, a ratio between a volume of said infiltration basin and a volume of the planting pit considered is greater than or equal to 2.

[0076] According to a first alternative, the method comprises the step of creating a flow channel for the runoff water communicating with the infiltration basin.

[0077] According to a second alternative, the step of forming the excavation is carried out on an area of ​​the implantation site adjacent to a runoff water flow channel present on the implantation site so that, after filling the first volume of the excavation with the granular material, the infiltration basin thus formed communicates with the runoff water flow channel of the implantation site.

[0078] Preferably, the first volume of the excavation and the remaining volume of the excavation form or constitute a total volume of the excavation.

[0079] The step of filling the first volume of the excavation and / or the step of filling the remaining excavation volume is carried out subsequently to the step of forming the excavation.

[0080] The step of filling the first volume of the excavation may be implemented previously, subsequently or concomitantly with the step of filling the remaining excavation volume.

[0081] According to the first alternative of the method, preferably, the site of installation of the planter does not include a runoff channel.

[0082] According to the second alternative of the method, preferably, the implantation site of the planter includes a runoff channel.

[0083] The first alternative of the method can be implemented at any time: - before, after or concomitantly with the step of forming the excavation, or - previously, subsequently or concomitantly with the step of filling the first volume of the excavation and / or with the step of filling the remaining volume of excavation.

[0084] It can be understood by “excavation”: a pit, a cavity or a hole.

[0085] It can be understood as “to excavate”: to excavate, to dig or to dig.

[0086] Preferably, the method further comprises the step of providing a liner covering, at least in part, the infiltration basin; the liner being arranged to allow runoff water to infiltrate through the infiltration basin.

[0087] Preferably, the method further comprises the step of installing a border arranged to delimit, at least in part, the planter so that runoff water can be contained within the planter.

[0088] Preferably, the method comprises, prior to the steps of filling the first volume of the excavation or the remaining excavation volume, the step of arranging, in the at least one second excavation, a root guide intended to guide the growth of the root system of the plant species that the at least one planting pit is intended to receive.

[0089] Preferably, the method comprises, prior to the step of filling the remaining excavation volume, the step of depositing the root system of a plant species in the excavation or in the root guide arranged in the excavation.

[0090] Preferably, the method for manufacturing a planter according to the invention is suitable, more preferably is particularly suitable, more preferably is designed and particularly advantageously is specially designed, for implementing the self-contained water planter according to the invention.

[0091] Any characteristic of the method according to the invention can be directly transposed to the planter according to the invention and vice versa. Description of figures

[0092] Other advantages and particularities of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description of implementations and embodiments which are in no way limiting, and the following appended drawings:

[0093] [Fig-1] [Fig.l] is a schematic representation of a top view of a mode of producing a self-contained water planter according to the invention and its environment ronment,

[0094] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is a schematic representation in side sectional view of the embodiment of the planter illustrated in [Fig.l] and the soil of the environment in which it is installed. Description of the embodiments

[0095] The embodiments described below being in no way limiting, it will be possible in particular to consider variants of the invention comprising only a selection of described characteristics, isolated from the other described characteristics (even if this selection is isolated within a sentence comprising these other characteristics), if this selection of characteristics is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention compared to the state of the prior art. This selection comprises at least one characteristic, preferably functional without structural details, or with only a part of the structural details if this part only is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention compared to the state of the prior art.

[0096] With reference to FIGURES 1 and 2, an embodiment of a water-autonomous planter 1 according to the invention is presented. FIGURES 1 and 2 illustrate an example of a possible installation of the planter 1. According to the non-limiting embodiment, the planter 1 is installed in an urban or peri-urban environment. However, the planter 1 according to the invention can be installed in any type of environment comprising a means of draining runoff water on the surface of the ground such as, by way of non-limiting examples, a housing estate, an economic activity zone or a road network.

[0097] The planter 1 is self-sufficient, or almost self-sufficient, in water, that is to say that the plant species 5 planted or intended to be planted in the planting pit 4 does not require watering or little watering or less watering than that which would be necessary in a planter of the state of the art.

[0098] According to the embodiment, the planter 1 comprises an infiltration basin 2. The infiltration basin 2 is made of a granular material. The infiltration basin 2 communicates, on the surface, with a runoff water flow channel 3. The infiltration basin 2 is arranged to drain the runoff water from the flow channel 3 into the ground under the planter 1. The infiltration basin 2 is also arranged to store a portion of the runoff water infiltrating through the infiltration basin 2. The planter 1 comprises at least one planting pit 4. The at least one planting pit 4 is adjacent to the infiltration basin 2. The at least one planting pit 4 comprises a growing medium for plant species 5.

[0099] By way of non-limiting example, the growing medium may comprise soil, topsoil or potting soil.

[0100] According to the embodiment, a single planting pit 4 has been shown for reasons of readability of the figures but the planter 1 may comprise several planting pits 4. In this case, each of the planting pits 4 is directly adjacent to the filtration basin 2. The granular material forming the infiltration basin 2, during the drainage of the runoff water, stores a portion of the drained water. Thus, the water stored in the infiltration basin 2 ensures the subsequent irrigation of the plant species 5 with water. The planting pit(s) 4 must be directly adjacent to the infiltration basin 2. Thus, the plant species 5, by drawing water from the growing medium, causes the diffusion of the water stored in the infiltration basin 2 towards the planting pit 4.

[0101] In order to optimize the water supply, over time, of the plant species 5 and to optimize the quantity of runoff water drained into the ground by the infiltration basin 2, a ratio, noted RVi / vP, between the volume, noted Vi, of the infiltration basin 2, that is to say the volume Vi of granular material, and the volume, noted Vp, of the planting pit 4, that is to say the volume Vp of growing medium, is greater than or equal to 2. A ratio of between 2 and 6 constitutes an optimal range, suitable for most situations, for the storage of a volume of water, by the filtration basin 2, making it possible to meet the water needs of the plant species 5, for a sufficiently long period, in particular in the event of heat waves. A ratio of less than 2 will not have a significant effect on drainage or on the storage of runoff water.

[0102] Preferably, and according to the non-limiting embodiment, the RVi / vP ratio is 2. Such a ratio constitutes a good compromise, in particular in a dense urban environment, between the quantity of water stored by the infiltration basin 2, and therefore the duration during which the infiltration basin 2 is able to supply the plant species 5 with water, the size of the infiltration basin 2 and the quantity of runoff water drained into the ground by the infiltration basin 2. A person skilled in the art will know how to adapt the RVi / vP ratio according to the requirements linked to the development, in particular in a dense urban environment where the volume of usable soil is limited. A person skilled in the art will also know how to adapt the volume Vp of the planting pit 4 according to the climate and the plant species 2 planted. The minimum volume required for the planting pit 4 will allow the person skilled in the art to define the volume Vi of the infiltration basin 2 using the ratio Rvi / vP.The person skilled in the art will know how to choose the type (plants, shrubs, trees) and variety of plant species 2 planted according to the geographical location (for example, whether it is a dense urban environment, a residential area or a roadside) and the climate.

[0103] Regarding the RVi / vP ratio, no upper limit is imposed. However, it is wise to maintain a balance between some of the main objectives targeted by the invention, namely: the quantity of water stored by the infiltration basin 2 which will be usable by the plant species 5 over time, the quantity of water which will be drained by the infiltration basin 2 towards the subsoil and / or the water tables, and which will make it possible to supply the subsoil and the water tables rather than running off towards the rainwater networks and / or the watercourses and which will also make it possible to reduce the size of the rainwater networks and the retention basins in the watersheds, and the limitations imposed by the location on which the planter 1 is installed. By way of non-limiting examples: - an infiltration basin 2 with a volume Vi that is too large, typically an RVi / vP ratio greater than 6, (and although beneficial for replenishing the water tables, the reduction in the size of the gutters 3 and the retention basins in the catchment areas) will lead to the storage (and / or loss) of a quantity of water that will benefit neither the water tables nor the plant species 2 because it is too far from the planting pit 4, - an insufficient volume Vp of planting pit 4 will not allow plant species 5 to develop properly, - a volume Vi of the infiltration basin 2 that is too large, although allowing a significant quantity of runoff water to be drained into the subsoil, will lead to unjustified costs and / or excessive land use, particularly in dense areas, - a volume Vp of planting pit 4 that is too large, relative to the plant species 5 and / or the planting area, will lead to unjustified costs, - a volume Vi of infiltration basin 2 that is too low, typically an RVi / vP ratio of less than 1.25, will not allow infiltration basin 2 to meet the water needs of plant species 5 for a sufficient period of time to avoid watering plant species 2, even for drought-resistant plant species 2, - a volume Vi of infiltration basin 2 that is too low, typically an RVi / vP ratio of less than 1.25, will not allow infiltration basin 2 to drain a sufficient quantity of runoff water into the subsoil and therefore reduce the size of gutters 3 and retention basins in the catchment areas.

[0104] According to the non-limiting embodiment illustrated, the planter 1 is installed between a sidewalk 10, a roadway 11 and parking spaces 12. The flow channel 3 is a gutter 3 according to the non-limiting embodiment. The impermeable surfaces formed by the sidewalk 10, the road 11 and the parking spaces 12 are arranged so that the rainwater runs off towards the drainage channel 3 which collects the rainwater. The drainage channel 3 is arranged to guide the runoff water along the roadway 11. The runoff water, flowing in the drainage channel 3, first runs along one of the sides of the planting pit 4 and then along one of the sides of the infiltration basin 2.

[0105] According to the embodiment, the depth over which the infiltration basin 2 extends is 80 cm. The depth of the infiltration basin will be adapted according to, among other things, the flow rate of runoff water which is likely to flow into the flow channel 3 and / or the size of the flow channel 3, the surface area of ​​the infiltration basin 2 and the topology / altimetry of the soils, the type of plant species 5 and the dimensions, in particular the volume Vp, of the planting pit 4. Preferably, the depth of the infiltration basin 2 must not be less than 80 cm so as to provide a minimum infiltration rate required to drain a sufficient quantity of runoff water.A depth of infiltration basin 2 greater than 80 cm will also allow water to be stored in infiltration basin 2 deep enough to limit evaporation of the stored water (water stored close to the surface evaporates quickly and water stored deeper evaporates little).

[0106] According to the embodiment, the planter 1 also comprises a covering 6. Preferably, the coating 6 is arranged to cover the upper surface of the infiltration basin 2 and the planting pit 4 and thus form the upper surface of the planter 1. The coating 6 makes it possible to physically separate the upper surface of the infiltration basin 2 and the planting pit 4 from the external environment. The coating 6 is permeable to air. The coating 6 is permeable to water.

[0107] Preferably, the coating 6 forms a continuous layer. According to the embodiment, the coating 6 is not made of and / or does not comprise granular material within the meaning of the invention, that is to say an assembly of aggregates. Such a coating 6 forming a continuous layer thus makes it possible to avoid the presence of stagnant water on the surface of the planter 1. This makes it possible to prevent the proliferation of mosquitoes. This also makes it possible to limit the rapid evaporation of water stagnating on the surface following precipitation.According to the embodiment, and by way of non-limiting examples, the coating 6 may comprise or consist of a wood chip or screened green chippings. According to the embodiment, the coating has a thickness of 10 to 20 cm.

[0108] However, there is nothing to prevent the coating 6 from comprising or consisting of aggregates. The coating 6 may be a mulch, for example gravel or tree bark.

[0109] The coating 6 is arranged to allow runoff water to infiltrate through it to the ground. Preferably, the coating 6 allows runoff water to penetrate freely through it. Preferably, the coating 6 has a permeability coefficient greater than or equal to 0.3.

[0110] According to the embodiment, the planter 1 preferably comprises an additional layer 7 arranged to prevent the growth of plant species, in particular perennials, through the covering 6. The additional layer 7 is a geotextile according to the embodiment.

[0111] The planter 1 comprises a border 8. The border 8 delimits, at least in part, the planter 1. The border 8 is arranged to contain the runoff water inside the planter 1. The border 8 is arranged to form a reservoir, a receptacle or a basin inside which the runoff water coming from the flow channel 3 flows. Thus, even when the quantity of runoff water feeding the infiltration basin 2 is greater than the infiltration capacity of the basin 2 (for example during storms), the planter 1, in particular the infiltration basin 2, can retain, on its surface, a certain quantity of water. This retained water can be drained to the ground later through the infiltration basin 2.

[0112] The runoff water, flowing in the flow channel 3, first runs along one side of the planting pit 4 and then along one side of the infiltration basin 2. The border 8 completely delimits three of the four sides of the planter 1 but includes an opening 13 on the side of the infiltration basin 2 which is directly adjacent to the flow channel 3. According to the non-limiting embodiment, the opening 13 extends over the entire side of the basin of the infiltration basin 2 which is adjacent to the flow channel 3. The opening is to be sized according to, among other things, the flow rate of runoff water which is likely to flow into the flow channel 3 and / or the size of the flow channel 3, the surface area of ​​the infiltration basin 2 and the topology / altimetry of the soils.

[0113] The planting pit 4 comprises a root guide 9 intended to guide the growth of the roots of the plant species 5. According to the embodiment, the root guide 9 is a cylindrical concrete nozzle open at each of its ends and the side wall of which comprises openings allowing the water to diffuse laterally in the root guide 9. The root guide 9 makes it possible, among other things, to prevent the root system of the plant species 5 from entering the infiltration basin 2. This makes it possible to prevent the root system of the plant species 5 from spreading in the infiltration basin 2. The growth of the root system of the plant species 5 in the infiltration basin 2 could lead, in particular for shrubs and trees, to deleterious modifications of the properties of the infiltration basin 2, in particular an uncontrolled variation of the void ratio of the infiltration basin 2.

[0114] It is preferable that the granular material has a void ratio of between 0.4 and 0.8. The void ratio is to be adapted according to, among other things, the nature and composition of the soils, in particular their permeability, on which the planter 1 is installed, the flow rate of runoff water that is likely to flow into the drainage channel 3 and / or the size of the drainage channel 3, the type of plant species 5 and the dimensions, in particular the volume Vp, of the planting pit 4. A low void ratio, typically of the order of or less than 0.4, and in particular of the order of or less than 0.2, will provide the infiltration basin 2 with a low infiltration rate, which will not allow a large quantity of rainwater and / or water running into the channel 3 to be evacuated through the infiltration basin 2, in particular during heavy rainfall with a large volume of water in a short period of time. Furthermore, such a void index will induce a low water storage capacity by infiltration basin 2.In this case, the intended objectives of draining a sufficient quantity of water, to increase the quantity of rainwater returning to the water tables and limiting the quantity of runoff water, and / or storing a sufficient quantity of water, to meet the water needs of the plant for a sufficient period of time, will not be achieved. On the contrary, a high void ratio, typically of the order of or greater than 0.7, and in particular of the order of or greater than 0.9, will give the infiltration basin 2 a high infiltration rate and a large water storage capacity. In this case, the infiltration basin 2 will be similar to a water retention basin. A water retention basin will not make it possible to achieve the objectives of the invention due to the high evaporation rate.Furthermore, an infiltration basin 2 having such a high void index presents a risk of collapse and / or high subsidence of the granular material which will prohibit the installation of the planter 1 in places targeted by the invention, urban, peri-urban, activity zone, housing estate, etc. According to a preferred non-limiting embodiment, constituting a good compromise between the quantity of water stored by the infiltration basin 2 over time and the capacity of the infiltration basin 2 to drain the runoff water from the flow channel 3 towards the subsoil and the water tables, the void index of the infiltration basin 2 is between 0.5 and 0.6.Preferably, the void index of the infiltration basin 2 is greater than or equal to 0.5, more preferably 0.51, advantageously 0.52 and even more advantageously 0.53 and / or less than or equal to 0.6, preferably 0.59, more preferably 0.58, advantageously 0.57, more advantageously 0.56 and even more advantageously 0.55. Preferably, the void index of the infiltration basin 2 is equal to 0.54.

[0115] Regarding the dimensions of the infiltration basin 2, in particular the volume Vi, it is advantageous to size it in relation to the type of soil of the installation site. When the soil of the installation site has a low permeability coefficient, noted K in m2, typically less than 106, it will be necessary to oversize the volume Vi of infiltration basin 2 and / or the height of infiltration basin 2. Conversely, when the soil of the installation site has a high permeability coefficient, noted K, typically greater than 106, it will be necessary to undersize the volume Vi of infiltration basin 2 and / or the height of infiltration basin 2.

[0116] A granular material having a granulometry of between 20 and 100 mm will make it possible to offer a good compromise between the volume of the voids and the granular volume of the infiltration basin 2. In a particularly preferred manner, an aggregate size of between 40 and 80 mm will be suitable in most cases and this regardless of the plant species 5, the soil on which the planter 1 is installed, the flow rate of runoff water which is likely to flow into the flow channel 3 and / or the size of the flow channel 3.

[0117] According to an improvement of the invention, the granular material is made up of recycled construction material waste. Due to their low mechanical strength, this type of material is currently not recovered; it is buried in a quarry, used as non-technical backfill or sent to a waste disposal site. According to the embodiment, the construction material waste is recovered and then screened so as to retain only that which has a satisfactory particle size. Using recycled construction material waste as the granular material constituting the infiltration basin 2 of the planter 1 makes it possible to recover this waste and to avoid the CO2 emissions generated by its non-recovery and / or its incineration.

[0118] However, according to the invention, it may be envisaged to use other types of recycled materials as granular material constituting the infiltration basin 2.

[0119] According to the invention, it may also be envisaged to use gravel or any other quarry material, preferably untreated, as granular material constituting the infiltration basin 2.

[0120] In an advantageous embodiment, the granular material is a water-retaining absorbent material. Using such a water-retaining material makes it possible to further increase the water storage capacity of the infiltration basin 2. In this case, in addition to having a high infiltration rate, the infiltration basin 2 is capable of storing a significant quantity of runoff water.

[0121] Advantageously, the water-retaining absorbent granular material is a fired clay material.

[0122] In an improvement of the invention, the granular material made of fired clay is made of recycled construction material waste. According to this embodiment, and in order to obtain the granular material made of fired clay from recycled construction material waste, the construction material waste, after having been recovered and prior to the screening step, is sorted to retain only the fired clay waste such as tiles and bricks. The granular material used according to the embodiment is sold under the trade name INNOVTER® by the company Caminal.

[0123] Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described and numerous adjustments can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0124] Thus, in variants which can be combined with each other of the embodiments described above: - a method of manufacturing, on a given installation site, the planter 1 is proposed according to the embodiment comprising the steps consisting of: - forming an excavation in the ground, by excavating, - fill a first volume Vi of the excavation with a granular material, the first volume Vi of the excavation thus filled forming the infiltration basin 2, - fill the remaining volume Vp of the excavation with the growing medium for plant species 5, the remaining volume Vp thus filled forming the planting pit 4 for plant species, and - when the installation site does not include an existing drainage channel, create drainage channel 3 for runoff water communicating with infiltration basin 2, or - when the implantation site comprises an existing flow channel 3, forming the first excavation on an area of ​​the implantation site adjacent to the flow channel 3 of the runoff water present on the implantation site so that, after filling the first volume Vi of the excavation with the granular material, said infiltration basin 2 thus formed communicates with the flow channel 2 of the runoff water of the implantation site, and / or - the total volume of the excavation and / or the total volume of planter 1 is equal to the sum of the volume Vi of infiltration basin 2, or the volume Vi of granular material, and the volume Vp of planting pit 4, or the volume Vp of growing medium.

[0125] In addition, the various features, forms, variations and embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other in various combinations to the extent that they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive.

Claims

Claims

1. Planter (1) comprising: - an infiltration basin (2): • comprising a granular material, • communicating with a flow channel (3) for runoff water, said infiltration basin is arranged to drain and store runoff water, - at least one planting pit (4), adjacent to said infiltration basin, comprising a growing medium for plant species (5), for each planting pit considered, a ratio between a volume of said infiltration basin and a volume of a planting pit considered is greater than or equal to 2.

2. A planter (1) according to claim 1, comprising a liner (6) covering, at least in part, the infiltration basin (2), the liner being arranged to allow runoff water to infiltrate therethrough.

3. Planter (1) according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a border (8): - delimiting, at least in part, said planter, - arranged to contain runoff water inside said planter.

4. A planter (1) according to any preceding claim, wherein the at least one planting pit (4) comprises a root guide (9) for guiding the growth of the roots of the plant species (5) that said at least one planting pit (4) is intended to receive.

5. A planter (1) according to any preceding claim, wherein a depth of the infiltration basin (4) is greater or equal to 80 cm.

6. A planter (1) according to any preceding claim, wherein the granular material has a void ratio greater than or equal to 0.

4.

7. A planter (1) according to any preceding claim, wherein the granular material has a particle size of between 20 and 100 mm.

8. A planter (1) according to any preceding claim, wherein the granular material comprises recycled construction material waste.

9. A planter (1) according to any preceding claim, wherein the granular material is a water-retaining absorbent material.

10. A method of manufacturing a planter (1) comprising the steps of, on a given installation site: - forming an excavation in the ground, by excavating, - filling a first volume of the excavation with a granular material, said first volume of the excavation thus filled forming an infiltration basin (2), - filling a remaining excavation volume with a growing medium for plant species (5), said remaining excavation volume thus filled forming at least one planting pit (4) for plant species, such that, for each planting pit considered, a ratio between a volume of said infiltration basin and a volume of a planting pit considered is greater than or equal to 2, and - creating a flow channel (3) for runoff water communicating with said infiltration basin,or the step of forming said excavation is carried out on an area of ​​the implantation site adjacent to a runoff water flow channel (3) present on the implantation site so that, after filling said first volume of the excavation with the granular material, said infiltration basin thus formed communicates with said runoff water flow channel of the implantation site.,

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