Building block and method of obtaining such a block

Abstract

The invention relates in particular to a hollow construction block (2) of parallelepiped shape which comprises: - two longitudinal and vertical walls (20, 20'); - a set of transverse and vertical partitions (21) which connect said two longitudinal and vertical walls; characterized in that: - the first (20) of said longitudinal and vertical walls comprises two opposite and symmetrical wings (201) which extend beyond and on either side of said set of transverse partitions (21); - the second (20') of said longitudinal and vertical walls extends only between the two external transverse partitions (21) of said set; - the second (20') of said longitudinal and vertical walls has a reduced height compared to that of the first (20) of said longitudinal and vertical walls;- the height of the set of transverse and vertical partitions (21) is equal or substantially equal to that of the first (20) of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter, while the height of the set of transverse and vertical partitions (21) is equal or substantially equal to that of the second (20') of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter. Figure for the abstract: figure 2;

Description

Title of the invention: Building block and method for obtaining such a block [0001 ] GENERAL TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present invention lies in the field of building construction. STATE OF THE ART

[0003] We know in particular from document FR2786214 a set of hollow construction blocks, which are intended to be laid dry on top of each other and to be filled with concrete to form a building wall.

[0004] Furthermore, when constructing a building such as a house, it is common, in order to create a floor, to provide a set of prefabricated concrete beams which rest on the supporting structure constituted by the partially constructed surrounding walls, and carry the floor.

[0005] Floor slabs, which consist of prefabricated elements, are inserted between these beams and serve as formwork.

[0006] Finally, a distribution slab, also called a compression table / slab, made of concrete, is poured onto the beam + slab structure. It is reinforced by a welded mesh and serves to distribute the forces as well as to secure the entire floor.

[0007] Before pouring the slab, it is necessary to formwork the periphery of the structure, in order to retain the concrete.

[0008] The installation time for such formwork is quite long. In addition, it requires supplying the site with planks and formwork accessories. When the concrete has set, it is necessary to remove the entire formwork. Furthermore, this removal requires the application of a coating to fill the gaps left by the removal of the planks. Such a coating is not necessarily of the same nature as the rest of the structure, which presents a subsequent risk of cracks appearing.

[0009] The present invention aims to overcome these problems using building blocks which constitute an improvement to the block described in the aforementioned document. PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Thus, a first aspect of the invention relates to a hollow construction block of parallelepiped shape which comprises:

[0011] - two longitudinal and vertical walls;

[0012] - a set of transverse and vertical partitions which connect said two walls longitudinal and vertical;

[0013] characterized by the fact that:

[0014] - the first of said longitudinal and vertical walls comprises two wings opposite and symmetrical which extend beyond and on either side of said set of transverse partitions;

[0015] - the second of said longitudinal and vertical walls extends only between the two external transverse partitions of said assembly;

[0016] - the second of said longitudinal and vertical walls has a reduced height relative to that of the first of said longitudinal and vertical walls;

[0017] - the height of the set of transverse and vertical partitions is equal to or less ably equal to that of the first of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter, while the height of the set of transverse and vertical partitions is equal or substantially equal to that of the second of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter.

[0018] Thanks to these characteristics, it is possible, by placing such blocks on walls being erected, to form the periphery of a floor made of beams and joists. Thus, the problem mentioned above, relating to the use of formwork, is avoided.

[0019] The composition of the block according to the invention being preferably identical to that of the other blocks of the walls, it ensures homogeneity of the entire support to be coated, which makes it possible to drastically limit the risks of cracking.

[0020] Furthermore, the juxtaposition of such blocks makes it possible to free up a space which allows the ends of the floor beams to be engaged there, which contributes to a high degree of homogeneity of the assembly when the compression slab is poured.

[0021] Furthermore, the fact that the second of the longitudinal and vertical walls has a reduced height compared to that of the first longitudinal and vertical wall makes it possible to free up a height equivalent to the compression slab of the floor, which allows the continuity of the floor concrete, in order to cover the peripheral chaining around the entire perimeter of the slab.

[0022] Other advantages related to the invention will arise from the description which follows.

[0023] According to other advantageous and non-limiting characteristics of this device, taken alone or according to a technically compatible combination of at least two of them:

[0024] - the height of the second of said longitudinal and vertical walls is approximately 50 at 90% of the height of the first of said longitudinal and vertical walls;

[0025] - said height is approximately 80% of the height of the first of said longitudinal walls tudinal and vertical;

[0026] - the height of the set of transverse and vertical partitions is equal to or less possibly equal to that of the second of the said longitudinal and vertical walls in the connection area to the latter, over approximately 75% of their extent; - the number of transverse and vertical partitions is equal to two;

[0027] - it consists of two blocks according to one of the preceding characteristics, arranged in the extension of each other.

[0028] Another aspect relates to a method of manufacturing a hollow parallelepiped-shaped building block which comprises:

[0029] - two longitudinal and vertical walls;

[0030] - a set of transverse and vertical partitions which connect said two walls longitudinal and vertical;

[0031] - the first of said longitudinal and vertical walls comprising two wings opposite and symmetrical which extend beyond and on either side of said set of transverse partitions;

[0032] - the second of said longitudinal and vertical walls extending only up to the two outermost transverse partitions of said assembly;

[0033] - the second of said longitudinal and vertical walls having a reduced height relative to that of the first of said longitudinal and vertical walls;

[0034] - the height of the set of transverse and vertical partitions being equal or sen ably equal to that of the first of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter, while the height of the set of transverse and vertical partitions is equal or substantially equal to that of the second of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter,

[0035] characterized by the fact that the following steps are implemented:

[0036] - provision of a hollow parallelepiped-shaped building block which comprises two longitudinal and vertical walls of the same dimensions, a set of transverse and vertical partitions which connect said two longitudinal and vertical walls, said longitudinal and vertical walls comprising two opposite and symmetrical wings which extend beyond and on either side of said set of transverse partitions;

[0037] - sectioning of said symmetrical wings of the second of said longitudinal walls tudinal and vertical;

[0038] - cutting of the set of transverse and vertical partitions until their height is equal or substantially equal to that of the first of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter, and equal or substantially equal to that of the second of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter.

[0039] Thanks to these characteristics, in the event that on a construction site, there is a shortage of blocks such as described above, it is possible to use blocks according to the art previous and to modify them according to this process. DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0040] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear from the description which will now be given, with reference to the appended drawings, which represent, for informational but non-limiting purposes, a possible embodiment.

[0041] In these drawings:

[0042] [Fig. 1] is, as indicated above, a diagram intended to illustrate the state of the art closest to the invention, as known to the present applicant;

[0043] [Fig.2] is a view of a building block according to the present invention;

[0044] [Fig.3] is a view of the block of [Fig.2], according to a transverse section plane;

[0045] [Fig.4] is a perspective view of two blocks according to the invention, arranged end to end. end ;

[0046] [Fig.5] is a diagram showing, seen from above, two portions of walls at right angles comprising blocks in accordance with the invention, this diagram being more particularly intended to illustrate the manner in which these blocks cooperate in particular with beams receiving slabs;

[0047] [Fig.6] is a sectional view of a block according to the invention and of a floor cast on- above a bed of joists;

[0048] [Fig.7] is a view of part of the structure of [Fig.5], according to the sectional plane VII-VII, at the level of floor joists;

[0049] [Fig.8] is a view of part of the structure of [Fig.5], according to the sectional plane VIII-VIII, at the level of floor beams;

[0050] [Fig.9] is a perspective view of a block according to the prior art, which is shown being transformed, with a view to obtaining a block according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0051] A known building block, as described in the aforementioned document, is shown in [Fig. 1].

[0052] This block 1 essentially comprises two longitudinal walls 10 and 10', as well as two transverse partitions 11.

[0053] The two longitudinal walls 10 and 10' are vertical and parallel and have exactly the same dimensions. They are the image of each other in a mirror. They are connected to each other by two transverse, vertical and parallel partitions 11. These partitions are identical and extend perpendicular to the walls 10 and 10'.

[0054] In an embodiment not shown here, the number of transverse partitions could be greater than two and for example equal to three.

[0055] The transverse partitions 11 are positioned relative to the longitudinal walls tudinal partitions 10 and 10', so as to provide beyond each of the transverse partitions 11, two wings 101, respectively 101' of the same dimensions, which frame a central region forming a body 100, respectively 100'.

[0056] In each of the transverse partitions 11 is formed a notch 110, in the general shape of a “V”, the opening of which opens onto their upper face. In a manner known per se, these notches 110 are intended to receive and position chaining steels.

[0057] Finally, the transverse partitions 11 comprise, on their outer face, that is to say the face opposite the second transverse partition, a pair of ribs 111 whose function is to facilitate the splitting of the wings 101 and 10' (as described in document FR2850411.

[0058] A building block according to the invention is visible in particular in Figures 2 and 3. As specified above, this block constitutes an improvement to the block of the prior art described above, with reference to [Fig.l].

[0059] This is a block which can be manufactured by a molding technique. However, it will be seen later in the description that it can be manufactured from a known block such as that shown in [Fig.l]. Like the latter, the block of the invention can be made, for example, of agglomerated concrete, lightweight concrete, cellular concrete, brick or synthetic materials such as polyurethane or polystyrene.

[0060] The building block of Figures 2 and 3, which is in accordance with the invention, comprises two longitudinal, vertical and parallel walls 20 and 20', as well as transverse, vertical and parallel partitions 21 which extend perpendicular to the walls 20 and 20'.

[0061] As in the prior art block described above, the first longitudinal wall 20 comprises a central region forming a body 200 which frames two wings of identical dimensions 201.

[0062] The second longitudinal wall 20' extends only between the two transverse partitions 21 and is therefore limited to a central region forming a body 200'. In the event that the block according to the invention comprises more than two transverse partitions 21, then the second longitudinal wall 20' extends between the external transverse partitions 21, that is to say the two partitions which have the greatest mutual spacing.

[0063] It is noted in Figures 2 and 3 that the second longitudinal wall 20' has a reduced height compared to the height of the first longitudinal wall 20. In [Fig. 3], this difference in height has been referenced by the letter a. We will return later in the description to the interest and function of this characteristic.

[0064] Still in accordance with the present invention, the height of the transverse partitions and vertical 21 is equal or substantially equal to that of the first wall 20, at least in their area of ​​connection to this first wall. By the expression "equal or substantially equal", it is meant that the height of the partitions 21 can be exactly the same as that of the first wall 20 or be slightly lower, of the order of a few millimeters.

[0065] Another characteristic of these transverse and vertical partitions 21 is that their height is equal or substantially equal to that of the second wall 20' in the area of ​​connection to the latter.

[0066] More precisely and in the mode illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, the height of the transverse partitions 21 is equal to that of the wall 20 over less than 25% of their longitudinal extent. This corresponds to the region referenced 210 in the figures. The region 211 corresponds to the zone of the transverse partitions in which the height is equal to that of the wall 20'. These two regions communicate with each other via an inclined face 212.

[0067] As [Fig.4] shows in particular, it is possible to arrange end to end, that is to say in the extension of one another, at least two blocks 2 such as that which has just been described to form an assembly 3. It is then noted that there is a large free space E between the transverse partitions thereof. The interest and the function of such a space will be explained later in the description.

[0068] In one possible embodiment, the assembly 3 can be manufactured in one piece.

[0069] As mentioned above, it is possible to manufacture a block 2 in accordance with the invention, from a block of known type, such as that shown in [Fig.l].

[0070] This manufacturing method comprises a step of providing such a block 1.

[0071] A subsequent step comprises the operation of cutting the symmetrical wings 101' of the second longitudinal wall 10' in order to retain only the body 100' thereof, to obtain the structure shown in [Fig.9].

[0072] A final operation consists of cutting the transverse and vertical partitions 11 until a block such as shown in [Fig.2] is obtained.

[0073] In this way and as indicated above, if operators on a construction site no longer have blocks 2, it is nevertheless possible for them to continue working normally, since they only need to modify blocks 1 according to the method which has just been described.

[0074] With reference to Figures 5 to 8, the methodology that can be used to erect walls and install a floor is described below.

[0075] Referring more particularly to [Fig.5], it is first considered that the peripheral walls of a construction have already been partially erected using blocks 1 according to the prior art, taking care to position them on top of each other with an offset in the longitudinal direction, this offset being of the order of a third to half a block.

[0076] This [Fig.5] is limited to a corner area of ​​the construction formed by walls M1 and M2.

[0077] After having positioned AC1 chaining steels in the notches of blocks 1 of each block level, concrete B is poured into the hollow spaces they contain.

[0078] It should be noted that the number of AC1 chaining steels is determined in particular by the seismicity of the geographical area in which the construction is located. This number is, for example, one for seismic zones 1 and 2 and two for zones 3 and 4.

[0079] However, care is taken to stop filling with concrete when one reaches halfway up the last row of blocks 1 of the walls, as can be seen in Figures 7 and 8.

[0080] Blocks 2 according to the invention are then positioned on the last row of blocks 1. However, it will be noted in the corner region of walls M1 and M2, the presence of a block 4 which has the characteristic of having only one wing. The use of such a particular block makes it possible to solve a dimensional adjustment.

[0081] At the level of the wall M1, the space E generated by two neighboring blocks 2 is used to position the end 50 of beams 5. Preferably, the dimensions of the blocks 2 are chosen in such a way that the beams have two by two a mutual spacing compatible with the installation of standard-sized H slabs.

[0082] A metal trellis T is then placed on the structure formed by the beams 5 and the slab H.

[0083] Furthermore, AC2 chaining steels are placed on the blocks 2, in the region of height change of their partitions 21.

[0084] Finally, caps C, which consist of reinforcing steels bent at 90°, are placed at the level of the spaces E which separate block 2, so as to ensure continuity between the compression slab DC which will be poured later and the walls M1 and M2.

[0085] Said slab is then poured and its thickness is determined by the difference in height a between the longitudinal walls 20 and 20' of the blocks 2. The concrete is also poured into the blocks 2, trapping the caps C

[0086] This results in a perfectly homogeneous structure which meets all requirements in terms of earthquake resistance.

[0087] Furthermore, the blocks according to the invention are used according to a method close to those of blocks 1 of the prior art, so that the operators are not confused and gain in efficiency.

Claims

Claims

1. Hollow parallelepiped-shaped building block (2) which comprises: - two longitudinal and vertical walls (20, 20'); - a set of transverse and vertical partitions (21) which connect said two longitudinal and vertical walls; characterized in that: - the first (20) of said longitudinal and vertical walls comprises two opposite and symmetrical wings (201) which extend beyond and on either side of said set of transverse partitions (21); - the second (20') of said longitudinal and vertical walls extends only between the two external transverse partitions (21) of said set; - the second (20') of said longitudinal and vertical walls has a reduced height compared to that of the first (20) of said longitudinal and vertical walls;- the height of the set of transverse and vertical partitions (21) is equal or substantially equal to that of the first (20) of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter, while the height of the set of transverse and vertical partitions (21) is equal or substantially equal to that of the second (20') of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter.;

2. Block (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the second (20') of said longitudinal and vertical walls is approximately 50 to 90% of the height of the first (20) of said longitudinal and vertical walls.

3. Block (2) according to claim 2, characterized in that said height is approximately 80% of the height of the first (20) of said longitudinal and vertical walls.

4. Block (2) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the height of the set of transverse and vertical partitions (21) is equal or substantially equal to that of the second (20') of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the zone of connection to the latter, over approximately 75% of their extent.

5. Block (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of transverse and vertical partitions (21) is equal to two.

6. Block (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is made of agglomerated concrete, lightweight concrete, cellular concrete, brick or synthetic materials such as polyurethane or polystyrene.

7. Set of hollow parallelepiped-shaped construction blocks (3), characterized in that it consists of two blocks (2) according to one of the preceding claims, arranged in the extension of one another.

8. Method for manufacturing a hollow parallelepiped-shaped construction block (2) which comprises: - two longitudinal and vertical walls (20,20'); - a set of transverse and vertical partitions (21) which connect said two longitudinal and vertical walls; - the first (20) of said longitudinal and vertical walls comprising two opposite and symmetrical wings (201) which extend beyond and on either side of said set of transverse partitions (21); - the second (20') of said longitudinal and vertical walls extending only as far as the two external transverse partitions (21) of said set; - the second (20') of said longitudinal and vertical walls having a reduced height compared to that of the first (20) of said longitudinal and vertical walls; - the height of the set of transverse and vertical partitions (21) being equal or substantially equal to that of the first (20) of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter,while the height of the set of transverse and vertical partitions (21) is equal or substantially equal to that of the second of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter, characterized in that the following steps are implemented: - providing a hollow parallelepiped-shaped construction block (1) which comprises two longitudinal and vertical walls (10, 10') of the same dimensions, a set of transverse and vertical partitions (11) which connect said two longitudinal and vertical walls (10, 10'), said longitudinal and vertical walls (10, 10') comprising two opposite and symmetrical wings (101, 101') which extend beyond and on either side of said set of trans- partitions, versales (11); - sectioning of said symmetrical wings (101') from the second (10') of said longitudinal and vertical walls; - cutting the set of transverse and vertical partitions (11) until their height is equal or substantially equal to that of the first (10) of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter, and equal or substantially equal to that of the second (10') of said longitudinal and vertical walls in the area of ​​connection to the latter.

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