Thin insulating material made of felt and a polymer matrix and its uses

Abstract

The invention relates to a thin-film composite material. The invention is characterized in that it comprises a felt made of wool, cotton, polyester, glass, acrylic, and / or nylon, said felt being impregnated with a polymer matrix selected from the family of polyurethane, epoxy, silicone, and unsaturated polyester resins, used alone or in mixtures. The invention also relates to the uses of such a composite material as a coating agent for its antifouling, stain-resistant, thermal, and acoustic insulation properties. Figure 3

Description

Title of the invention: THIN INSULATING MATERIAL MADE OF FELT AND A POLYMERIC MATRIX AND ITS USES Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to a new flexible thin-layer composite material (or material) composed of a felt and a polymer matrix, having excellent flexibility and durability properties, as well as its uses as a coating agent for its properties, in particular as a thermal and sound insulator. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a composite material. Prior art

[0002] Sound insulation materials are already known, such as non-woven materials or felts, or the use of foam on a textile glass covering fabric.

[0003] Generally speaking, felt is therefore commonly known for being used as sound insulation. It has good sound wave absorption properties, in particular thanks to its porous structure.

[0004] Felt can be defined as a non-woven material composed of fibers, natural or synthetic, agglomerated together.

[0005] More particularly, natural wool felt, of animal origin, is well known as a sound insulator.

[0006] Furthermore, the use of felt made from nylon (polyamide) fibers as sound insulation is also known, as well as other felts made from synthetic fibers composed of polyester, acrylic or even polypropylene.

[0007] By way of example, from document FR2635268, rubber tennis balls are known which can be covered with a felt covering fixed using an adhesive to the rubber ball, the felt consisting of mixed strands of wool fibres and nylon fibres being produced by knitting and then scraped, shaved or via carding on a woven or knitted substrate.

[0008] document FR2932499 is known which discloses a covering for walls and / or ceilings in the form of strips, comprising a covering fabric and an acoustic insulation layer made of non-woven fabric, felt, foam or another sound-insulating or sound-proofing sheet element, knowing that the covering fabric exceeds the acoustic insulation layer on the two lateral edges and knowing that the covering fabric and the acoustic insulation layer are connected to each other with the exception of the two edges lateral.

[0009] However, the felts thus used are materials without encapsulation leading to degradation of the insulating material over time.

[0010] Technical problem

[0011] Considering the above, a problem that the invention proposes to solve is to create a material intended in particular for sound insulation in an environment which may cause degradation such as dust or stains, having both significant flexibility and great durability, without altering its insulating properties.

[0012] Technical solution

[0013] The invention therefore has as its first subject a thin-layer composite material characterized in that it comprises a felt made of wool, cotton, polyester, glass, acrylic and / or nylon, said felt being impregnated with a polymer matrix chosen from the family of polyurethane, epoxy, silicone, unsaturated polyester resins, taken alone or as a mixture.

[0014] Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the composite material according to the invention as a coating agent for its anti-fouling, anti-stain, thermal and sound insulation properties.

[0015] Benefits provided

[0016] The composite material according to the invention consists of an insulating felt encapsulated in a non-porous polymer matrix.

[0017] The composite material being substantially non-porous, the felt is thus protected from dirt and / or dust which could degrade its properties, in particular its insulating properties, giving it good durability.

[0018] In addition, the resin used as a polymer matrix makes it possible to improve the cohesion of the material to facilitate its implementation and improve the precision of the cuts, in the case of decorative pieces in particular.

[0019] For aesthetic and / or decorative purposes, the polymer matrix may advantageously comprise one or more pigments and / or colorants to tint the material.

[0020] The polymer matrix may also advantageously comprise other additive(s) such as fire-resistant or anti-UV compounds.

[0021] The composite material is in a thin layer with a thickness of between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 3 mm, and more preferably between 0.3 mm and 2 mm, which gives it good flexibility, due to the plasticity and flexibility of the polymer matrix, in particular polyurethane resin, thus used.

[0022] The composite material is thus suitable for different uses as a re clothing, as well as wall and ceiling coverings, decorative pieces and packaging. Brief description of the drawings

[0023] In this description, unless otherwise specified, it is understood that, when an interval is given, it includes the upper and lower bounds of said interval.

[0024] The invention and the advantages resulting therefrom will be better understood upon reading the description and the non-limiting embodiments which follow, with reference to the appended drawings in which:

[0025] [Fig.l] represents a piece of raw felt not impregnated with polymer matrix (Figure la) and a piece of composite material according to the invention (Figure 1b) after exposure to a teaspoon of red wine then cleaning.

[0026] [Fig. 2] represents a piece of raw felt not impregnated with polymer matrix (Figure 2a) and a piece of composite material according to the invention (Figure 2b) after exposure to a teaspoon of sunflower oil then cleaning.

[0027] [Fig. 3] represents a piece of raw felt not impregnated with polymer matrix (Figure 3a) and a piece of composite material according to the invention (Figure 3b) after exposure to a teaspoon of ketchup sauce then cleaning.

[0028] [Fig.4] represents a piece of raw felt not impregnated with polymer matrix (Figure 4a) and a piece of composite material according to the invention (Figure 4b) after exposure to a teaspoon of sawdust then cleaning. Description of the embodiments

[0029] The invention relates to a thin-layer composite material characterized in that it comprises a felt made of wool, cotton, polyester, glass, acrylic and / or nylon, said felt being impregnated with a polymer matrix chosen from the family of polyurethane, epoxy, silicone, unsaturated polyester resins, taken alone or as a mixture.

[0030] By thin-layer composite material according to the invention is meant a thin-layer material which is in a thin layer with a thickness preferably between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, more preferably between 0.2 mm and 3 mm, and even more preferably between 0.3 mm and 2 mm.

[0031] The composite material according to the invention comprises a felt made of wool, cotton, polyester, glass, acrylic and / or nylon, that is to say yarns or multifilaments of wool, cotton, polyester, glass, acrylic and nylon, taken alone or as a mixture, which can be non-woven, knitted, brushed or shaved.

[0032] According to one embodiment, the knitted felt treated by a fulling operation is made up of 100% polyester yarns, polyester and cotton blended yarns, multi- polyester or nylon filaments, textured polyester or nylon multifilaments, or polyester and nylon multifilaments and textured polyester and nylon multifilaments.

[0033] According to a preferred embodiment, the felt is made of preferably non-woven mixed yarns of wool and nylon and contains from 60 to 80% by weight of wool fibers and from 20 to 40% by weight of nylon fibers or, more preferably, 65% by weight of wool fibers and 35% by weight of nylon fibers.

[0034] The composite material according to the invention comprises said felt impregnated with a polymer matrix chosen from the family of polyurethane, epoxy, silicone, unsaturated polyester resins, taken alone or as a mixture.

[0035] The role of the polymer matrix is ​​to ensure the cohesion and geometric stability of the felt.

[0036] According to a preferred embodiment, the polymer matrix comprises one or more additives such as pigments, dyes, fire-resistant compounds or even anti-UV compounds, taken alone or as a mixture.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the polymer matrix comprises one or more pigments and / or colorants for coloring the composite material.

[0038] According to another embodiment, the polymer matrix comprises a fire-resistant compound and / or an anti-UV compound.

[0039] The polymer matrix is ​​thus flexible and preferably has a hardness index of between 10 Shore A and 90 Shore D, more preferably of between 40 Shore A and 85 Shore D, and even more preferably of between 60 Shore A and 80 Shore D.

[0040] According to a preferred embodiment, the polymer matrix is ​​a polyurethane resin.

[0041] Preferably, the composite material comprises between 0.1 g and 0.4 g of polymer matrix, preferably 0.35 g, per square centimeter of felt.

[0042] The integration of the polymer matrix into the fibrous network is advantageously done by a method combining casting and infusion to obtain a material that is porous only at the core, making it possible to maintain good sound insulation capacity from the felt, despite the fineness of the composite material. This fineness also makes it possible to maintain the flexibility of the composite material for its implementation in different applications.

[0043] According to a preferred embodiment, and in a particularly advantageous manner, the composite material is substantially non-porous with a porosity rate of between 0 and 15%, preferably between 0 and 5% and even more preferably between 0 and 1%.

[0044] Another object of the invention relates to a process for preparing a material composite according to the invention.

[0045] This method comprises the steps of: - cutting said felt to the desired dimensions and drying in an oven for 10 min to 2 h at a temperature between 50°C and 100°C (the higher the temperature, the shorter the time without however degrading the properties of the components of the material according to the invention), for example 45 min at 75°C, to remove all traces of humidity; - in parallel, preparation of a metal plate for carrying out an infusion-type vacuum, otherwise known as bagging, by defining a pseudo-square region using an infusion mastic, said region being divided into two zones serving respectively for casting said polymer matrix and for placing the system under vacuum, the zone dedicated to casting advantageously having to be slightly larger than the piece of felt to be infused, for example 2-3 cm all around it, the piece of felt not having to protrude from the zone once positioned, the separation between the two zones being physically achieved using an impermeable obstacle, such as a strip of infusion mastic, and a release agent is then applied to each of these zones; - preparation of the polymer matrix, optionally comprising at least one pigment or colorant, in a ratio of between 0.3g and 0.4g of polymer matrix, preferably 0.35g, per square centimeter of felt; - pouring, preferably in a homogeneous manner, of the polymer matrix thus prepared into the area intended for casting and degassing in a vacuum oven, the degassing making it possible to remove the bubbles generated during the step of mixing the different components; - placement of the cut and dried felt on the degassed matrix then of a peel-ply fabric of slightly larger dimensions, for example approximately 2-3 cm, than the felt; - placement of a low-density felt such as a polyester geotextile in the second space of the plate dedicated to vacuuming, so as to cover the entire space, this making it possible to homogenize the vacuum intake over the entire space; - placement of a fold of glass fabric, preferably with a density of approximately 350g / m2, at the obstacle marking the separation between the two zones previously delimited on the plate, this allowing the passage of air and the polymer matrix, preferably a polyurethane resin, from one zone to the other at the time of infusion; - then placement of a suction mouth, connected to a vacuum pump, in the area dedicated to vacuuming with installation of a vacuum cover covering the two areas (casting and vacuuming), ensuring at the time of vacuuming that there is no wrinkling of the vacuum cover, which could lead to leaks and defects on the final plate; - placing a piece of felt over the vacuum cover over the entire vacuum cover to protect the assembly and avoid any risk of perforation of the cover by a foreign body which could cause a loss of vacuum level; and - arrangement of the assembly under a press to obtain the composite material after demolding.

[0046] For example, the assembly is placed under a 50T press and a metal plate is placed on the piece of impregnated felt, allowing the pressure to be distributed evenly. Using the press, a load of 2kg per square centimeter of impregnated felt is preferably applied.

[0047] The assembly is thus kept under pressure for 6 hours before demolding.

[0048] Another subject of the invention relates to the use of a composite material according to the invention as a coating agent for its anti-fouling, anti-stain, thermal and sound insulation properties.

[0049] Preferably, the composite material is advantageously used to cover walls and ceilings in the form of strips, to form decorative pieces, to constitute packaging or to decorate and protect an object. Examples

[0050] By way of illustrative example, examples of a process for preparing a composite material according to the invention and the implementation of its advantageous properties in terms of sound insulation, thermal insulation, impermeability and anti-fouling are mentioned below.

[0051] Example 1: Process for preparing a composite material according to the invention

[0052] By way of illustrative example, an example of a method for preparing a composite material according to the invention is more particularly described below. It comprises the following steps according to which: - a piece of felt (made from mixed yarns of wool and nylon and containing 60 to 80% by weight of wool fibers and 20 to 40% by weight of nylon fibers (P45® from PLAYNE'S (WSP TEXTILES))) is cut to the desired dimensions; - said felt is dried in an oven for 45 minutes at a temperature of 75°C; - a metal plate is prepared by defining a pseudo-square region at using an infusion putty; - said region is divided into two zones serving respectively for casting the polymer matrix and for placing the system under vacuum, the zone dedicated to casting being slightly larger than the piece of felt to be infused by 2-3 cm all around it, the piece of felt not protruding from the zone once positioned; - the separation between the two zones is physically achieved using a strip of infusion mastic; - a release agent is then applied to each of these areas; - the polymer matrix (i.e. 0.35 g of) is poured homogeneously polyurethane resin per square centimeter of felt) in the area intended for casting; - degassing in a vacuum oven; - cut and dried felt is placed on the degassed matrix, then a peel-ply fabric 2-3 cm larger than the felt; - a polyester geotextile is placed in the second space of the plate dedicated to vacuuming, so as to cover the entire space; - a fold of glass fabric with a density of 350g / m2 is placed at the obstacle marking the separation between the two areas previously delimited on the plate; - a suction mouth, connected to a vacuum pump, is placed in the area dedicated to vacuuming with the installation of a vacuum cover covering the two areas (pouring and vacuuming); - a piece of felt is placed over the vacuum cover over the entire vacuum cover; - the assembly is placed under a 50T press; - a metal plate is placed on the piece of impregnated felt; - using the press, a load of 2kg per square centimeter of impregnated felt is applied; - the assembly is thus kept under pressure for 6 hours before demolding; and - - the composite material according to the invention is recovered in the form of a layer thin with a thickness between 0.1mm and 5mm, i.e. 2.8mm.

[0053] Example 2: Sound insulation test of a composite material according to the invention

[0054] The objective is to evaluate the capacity of the composite material according to the invention to provide sound insulation capacity.

[0055] The results obtained are compared to those obtained with a raw felt to demonstrate the benefit of using said composite material according to the invention for sound insulation applications.

[0056] By raw felt is meant the same felt as that used in the material composite according to the invention but not impregnated with the polymer matrix, i.e. polyurethane resin.

[0057] The composite material used in this example is obtained by the process of example 1.

[0058] For this test, a tubular confined space with an external diameter of 100mm, a thickness of 2mm and a length of 1920mm is used. It consists of two nested PVC pipes of length 1000mm.

[0059] At the junction between the two pipes, it is possible to place an insulating disc which is held by wedging.

[0060] In total, three insulating disc configurations are studied:

[0061] - No insulating body.

[0062] - A raw felt disc 100mm in diameter and approximately thick 2.8mm.

[0063] - A disc of composite material according to the invention with a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of approximately 2.8mm.

[0064] Two zones are thus delimited in the assembly: an entry zone and an exit zone.

[0065] At the entrance area, a portable speaker is arranged. This speaker acts as a transmitter.

[0066] At the output area, a receiver with a noise measurement application is placed.

[0067] The experimental setup is placed outdoors, in a quiet location, where the average noise was measured at 54dB.

[0068] In order to guarantee a homogeneous noise between the different tests, the sound emitted by the speaker corresponds to an “A - 440Hz”.

[0069] The receiver used for noise measurement is inserted into the output zone of the assembly and the noise evolution is recorded for a duration of 1 min 30.

[0070] To analyze the results of these tests, a comparison on the average value in dB over the recording period is made for each configuration.

[0071] The measurement was made with the speaker turned off to measure the ambient noise.

[0072] For each of the tests, the average noise value in dB is recorded and the results are presented in Table 1.

[0073] Table 1: Results depending on the insulation used Ambient noise Test without insulation Test with raw felt Test with composite material according to the invention 54 db 116.7 db 115.5 db 103.7 db

[0074] According to the results thus obtained, an attenuation of the noise is observed when one of the two insulators studied is placed within the assembly.

[0075] In the case of raw felt, this attenuation of the average noise value is however negligible and only of the order of 1%.

[0076] It rises to 11% with the composite material according to the invention.

[0077] Thus, if the capacity of raw felt to fulfill a sound insulation function remains very limited, the use of the composite material according to the invention allows a significant attenuation of noise of more than 11% and can therefore be advantageously used for sound insulation applications.

[0078] Example 3: Thermal insulation test of a composite material according to the invention

[0079] The objective is to evaluate the capacity of the composite material according to the invention to provide thermal insulation capacity.

[0080] The results obtained are compared to those obtained on a raw felt and in the absence of an insulating body to show the interest in using this composite for insulation applications.

[0081] By raw felt is meant the same felt as that used in the composite material according to the invention but not impregnated with the polymer matrix, i.e. polyurethane resin.

[0082] The composite material used in this example is obtained by the process of example 1.

[0083] For this test, a tubular confined space with an external diameter of 100mm, a thickness of 2mm and a length of 1920mm is used. It consists of two nested PVC pipes of length 1000mm.

[0084] At the junction between the two pipes it is possible to place an insulating disc which is held by wedging.

[0085] In total, three insulating disc configurations are studied:

[0086] - No insulating body.

[0087] - A raw felt disc 100mm in diameter and approximately thick 2.8mm.

[0088] - A disc of composite material according to the invention with a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of approximately 2.8mm.

[0089] A heat source (hot air blower) is placed at one end of the device.

[0090] A thermoprobe is placed at the other end.

[0091] The room in which the test is carried out is temperature regulated at 21°C.

[0092] The PVC tube is insulated from the table which serves as its support using a carpet-type mat.

[0093] Between each test, the PVC tube serving as a confined enclosure is cooled until a temperature of 21°C.

[0094] At the start of the test, the wind tunnel is placed at a distance from the experimental setup. It is heated until it reaches an air temperature of 75°C. This distancing is carried out to maintain a temperature in the experimental setup of 21°C.

[0095] Once its set temperature is reached, the blower is moved to direct the flow in the PVC tube.

[0096] At the opposite end of the assembly, the thermoprobe is held manually in the center of the tube section and approximately 5 cm into the latter.

[0097] The temperature measured by the thermoprobe placed at the other end of the tube is then recorded at t = Os, t = 60sett = 120 s.

[0098] t = 0 s corresponds to the moment when the air outlet of the blower is oriented in the tube at the end opposite that of the thermoprobe.

[0099] For each of the study cases, the temperatures at t = 0s, t = 60s and t = 120s were recorded and the results are presented in Table 2.

[0100] Table 2: Results as a function of time and insulation t = 0 st = 60 st = 120 s Without insulation 21°C 48°C 50°C With raw felt insulation 21°C 25°C 28°C With composite insulation according to the invention 21°C 23°C 24°C

[0101] The results thus obtained highlight the capacity of the raw felt and the composite material according to the invention to provide a thermal insulation function.

[0102] It will be noted that; in the context of this example, the composite material according to the invention offers better results than the raw felt and therefore appears to be a better thermal insulator than the raw felt.

[0103] Example 4: Water impregnation tests of a composite material according to the invention

[0104] The objective is to evaluate the capacity of the composite material according to the invention to resist water splashes.

[0105] The water absorption test consists of completely immersing our material samples (raw felt and composite material according to the invention).

[0106] By raw felt is meant the same felt as that used in the composite material according to the invention but not impregnated with the polymer matrix, i.e. polyurethane resin.

[0107] The composite material used in this example is obtained by the process of example 1.

[0108] A comparison of the mass of the samples before and after immersion makes it possible to determine the mass of water trapped in the material and therefore to quantify its capacity to absorb water from its surrounding environment.

[0109] For each material (raw felt and composite material according to the invention), a sample of material is taken.

[0110] These samples are weighed.

[0111] They are then immersed for 60 seconds in a container of water and held at the bottom using a mass.

[0112] They are weighed again once removed from the water container.

[0113] The masses before and after immersion are compared to determine the mass percentage of water absorbed by the tested material and the results are presented in Table 3.

[0114] Table 3: Masses of materials before and after immersion in water Raw felt Composite material according to the invention Mass before immersion (g) 1.77 4.98 Mass after immersion (g) 5.95 5.13 Mass of impregnated water (g) 4.18 0.15 Mass percentage of water compared to the initial weight (%) 236.2 3

[0115] It is observed that the composite material according to the invention only absorbs a small quantity of water (3% of the initial mass of the sample) unlike the raw felt which behaves like a sponge and absorbs 2.36 times its initial mass in water.

[0116] Raw felt has a significant capacity to capture water in its surrounding environment.

[0117] On the contrary, the composite material according to the invention has a much lower affinity for water (its absorption capacity is low) than the raw felt and is therefore relatively impermeable.

[0118] Example 5: Stain resistance (antifouling) tests of a composite material according to the invention

[0119] The objective is to evaluate the capacity of the composite material according to the invention to resist different types of stains.

[0120] A total of 4 tests were conducted:

[0121] - Resistance to a liquid stain: red wine.

[0122] - Resistance to a grease stain: sunflower oil.

[0123] - Resistance to a food stain: ketchup sauce.

[0124] - Resistance to a dust stain: sawdust.

[0125] The stain resistance tests consist of applying a staining agent to the different samples (raw felt and composite material according to the invention) for a certain time.

[0126] By raw felt is meant the same felt as that used in the composite material according to the invention but not impregnated with the polymer matrix, i.e. polyurethane resin.

[0127] The composite material used in this example is obtained by the process of example 1.

[0128] This is followed by a dry cleaning phase with absorbent paper.

[0129] It is complex to quantify the capacity of the samples thus tested to be stained. However, a visual comparison between the initial state of the material and its state after application of the staining product can be made qualitatively.

[0130] A comparative study between the initial and final states is therefore carried out in a qualitative manner.

[0131] For each material (raw felt and composite material according to the invention), a sample of material is taken.

[0132] On each of these samples, a teaspoon of staining agent (respectively and independently red wine, sunflower oil, ketchup sauce or sawdust) is poured.

[0133] The staining agent to be tested is left to stand on the material for 5 min.

[0134] After this period, dry cleaning is carried out. This consists of wiping the sample with clean absorbent paper.

[0135] Then, a visual comparison of the before / after state is made.

[0136] A. Liquid stain test: red wine

[0137] The photo of the samples of raw felt and composite material according to the invention after exposure to red wine and then cleaning is illustrated respectively in Figure 1a and 1b.

[0138] A degradation of the aesthetic appearance of the raw felt can clearly be distinguished from a color point of view. In particular, a browning of the felt is observed at the location of the application of the red wine (Figure 1a).

[0139] On the contrary, no degradation is visible to the naked eye on the composite material. according to the invention after this dry cleaning (Figure 1b). For information, the mark observed on the plate is initially present on the tested sample.

[0140] B. Grease stain test: sunflower oil

[0141] The photo of the samples of raw felt and composite material according to the invention after exposure to sunflower oil and cleaning is illustrated in Figure 2a and 2b respectively.

[0142] A degradation of the aesthetic appearance of the raw felt can clearly be distinguished, which can be described by a dulling of the color.

[0143] In addition, the oil having soaked the felt, a greasy film remains on the fingers when handling the sample.

[0144] On the contrary, no degradation is visible to the naked eye on the composite material according to the invention after this dry cleaning nor does any greasy film result.

[0145] C. Food stain test: ketchup sauce

[0146] The photo of the samples of raw felt and composite material according to the invention after exposure to ketchup sauce and cleaning is illustrated respectively in Figure 3a and 3b.

[0147] A degradation of the aesthetic appearance of the raw felt can clearly be distinguished from a color point of view.

[0148] A reddish stain, characteristic of tomato-based products, remains at the place where the ketchup sauce was applied (imaginable from Figure 3a in black and white).

[0149] On the contrary, no degradation is visible to the naked eye on the composite material according to the invention after this dry cleaning (Figure 3b).

[0150] D. Dust stain test: sawdust

[0151] The photo of the samples of raw felt and composite material according to the invention after exposure to sawdust and cleaning is illustrated in Figure 4a and 4b respectively.

[0152] Slight contamination of the raw felt is observed. Locally, small particles of wood remain trapped in the fibers of the felt.

[0153] On the contrary, no degradation is visible to the naked eye on the composite material according to the invention after this dry cleaning. For information purposes, the mark observed on the plate is initially present on the tested sample.

[0154] According to the results thus obtained and illustrated by Figures 1-4, these tests (AD) therefore highlighted the poor stain resistance of the raw felt. Indeed, contact with red wine, sunflower oil and ketchup sauce leads to a modification of the at least aesthetic properties of the raw felt by a change in color in particular and contributes to its degradation. In the case of exposure to dust such as sawdust, particles can be locally trapped in the fibrous network also modifying the aesthetics of the part and contributing to its degradation.

[0155] On the contrary, in a particularly advantageous manner, the composite material according to the invention has better resistance to stains in that it remains intact during the four tests carried out despite the treatments (degradations) received.

Claims

Claims

1. Thin-layer composite material characterized in that it comprises a felt made of wool, cotton, polyester, glass, acrylic and / or nylon, said felt being impregnated with a polymer matrix chosen from the family of polyurethane, epoxy, silicone, unsaturated polyester resins, taken alone or as a mixture.

2. Composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer matrix is ​​flexible and has a hardness index of between 10 Shore A and 90 Shore D, preferably between 40 Shore A and 85 Shore D, and more preferably between 60 Shore A and 80 Shore D.

3. Composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the polymer matrix is ​​a polyurethane resin.

4. Composite material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is presented in a thin layer with a thickness of between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 3 mm, and more preferably between 0.3 mm and 2 mm.

5. Composite material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the felt consists of mixed yarns of wool and nylon and contains from 60 to 80% by weight of wool fibers and from 20 to 40% by weight of nylon fibers or, more preferably, 65% by weight of wool fibers and 35% by weight of nylon fibers.

6. Composite material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises between 0.1 g and 0.4 g of polymer matrix, preferably 0.35 g, per square centimeter of felt.

7. Composite material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is substantially non-porous with a porosity rate of between 0 and 15%, preferably between 0 and 5% and even more preferably between 0 and 1%.

8. Composite material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer matrix comprises one or more additives such as pigments, dyes, fire-resistant compounds or even anti-UV compounds, taken alone or as a mixture.

9. Use of a composite material according to one of claims 1 to 8 as a coating agent for its anti-fouling, anti-stain, thermal and sound insulation properties.

10. Use according to claim 9 for covering walls and ceilings in the form of strips, to form decorative pieces, to make packaging or to decorate and protect an object.

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