FIXING HARDWARE FOR A PREFABRICATED FACADE AND PREFABRICATED FACADE

Abstract

FIXING HARDWARE FOR A PREFABRICATED FACADE AND PREFABRICATED FACADE A fixing hardware (1) comprises a hanging plate (3) mounted on an anchoring plate (2) fixed to a wall (B). The hanging plate (3) is movable relative to the anchoring plate (2) to modulate the distance from the wall (B) and / or modify its plumb line. The hanging plate (3) defines a hook (4) opening upwards. Locks (5) lock the position of the hanging plate (3) relative to the anchoring plate (2). A support bracket (6) is fixed to a facade panel (A) of a storey and bears against the hook (4) to position the facade panel (1). A fixing bracket (8) is mounted so as to be movable relative to the hanging plate (3) and is fixed to a facade panel (A) of a lower floor (4). The hanging plate (3) and the fixing bracket (8) are movable in the vertical direction (Z).

Description

Title of the invention: FIXING FITTING FOR A PREFABRICATED FACADE AND PREFABRICATED FACADE Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to a fixing fitting for a prefabricated facade and to a facade comprising such a fixing fitting. Prior art

[0002] In a global desire to renovate buildings and in order to improve the thermal resistance of the facades of these constructions, it is common to carry out external insulation. It is classic to carry out insulation by installing blocks of insulation on top of each other and gluing them to the external facade of the building to be renovated. It appears that this rehabilitation operation is long and generates nuisances.

[0003] It is also known to carry out the renovation of the facade of a building by installing a prefabricated facade which is fixed to the existing building. There is a problem linked to the fixing of this prefabricated element on the facade of the building to be renovated. The installation of the prefabricated facade must produce an improvement in thermal performance, while being easily achievable so as to maintain an economic interest. It is also important that the fixing of the prefabricated facade is compatible with current technical constraints, for example constraints linked to fire risks or earthquakes.

[0004] Fixing a prefabricated facade to an existing structure is problematic because once the assembly is fixed, the facade must be cladding to hide and insulate the fixing area. If the panels have been cladding in the factory, an insulation is added and this area is covered to match the rest of the new facade, which is long, expensive and the finish can be considered poor quality. Subject of the invention

[0005] An object of the invention is to provide a facade fixing fitting which makes it easier to install a facade panel on a wall of a building to be renovated.

[0006] We tend to solve this problem by means of a fixing fitting for a facade comprising: - an anchor plate intended to be fixedly mounted on a wall; - a hanging plate mounted on the anchoring plate, the hanging plate being mounted to move relative to the anchoring plate in a first direction to move the anchor plate and the wall further away or closer together and / or modify the inclination between the hanging plate and the anchor plate, the hanging plate defining a hook opening vertically upwards; - first locking means having a first position in which the attachment plate is movable relative to the anchoring plate and a second position in which the attachment plate is stationary relative to the anchoring plate; - a support bracket defining an orifice crossed by a part of the hook to come to bear against the hanging plate, the support bracket being removable from the hanging plate, the support bracket being intended to be fixed to a prefabricated facade panel; - a fixing lug fixed in a movable manner relative to the hanging plate, the hanging plate and the fixing lug defining a sliding connection in the vertical direction, the fixing lug being intended to be fixed to a lower facade panel.

[0007] In a particular configuration, the fixing lug is installed in a hole delimited by a wall defining a downward vertical stop for the fixing lug.

[0008] The invention also relates to a facade which is more efficient than the configurations of the prior art because it allows good mechanical separation between the facade panels. This configuration prevents any movements of the existing structure from inducing forces on the added prefabricated facade.

[0009] According to one embodiment, a lower fixing fitting and an upper fixing fitting, the lower fixing fitting and the upper fixing fitting each being a fixing fitting according to any one of the preceding configurations, a lower rail of the facade panel being fixed to the support bracket of the lower fixing fitting, an upper rail of the facade panel being fixed to the fixing lug of the upper fixing fitting.

[0010] Preferably, the facade panel is movable in the vertical direction relative to the lower fixing fitting and relative to the upper fixing fitting.

[0011] In an advantageous configuration, the facade panel is movable in a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction and perpendicular to the first direction relative to the lower fixing fitting and relative to the upper fixing fitting.

[0012] The invention also relates to a method for mounting a facade of a wall which is faster than the configurations of the prior art while ensuring good control of the placement of the facade panels relative to each other.

[0013] This result is achieved by means of a method of mounting a facade on a wall comprising the following steps: - measure characteristics of the wall including in particular the height and width of the wall; - calculate the positions of a plurality of facade panels and the positions of a plurality of fixing fittings according to any of the preceding configurations; - fix the anchor plates on the wall at the calculated positions; -adjust the hook positions of the hanging plates fixed to the anchor plates; - fix the facade panels equipped with support brackets in the hooks; - fix the fixing brackets to the upper parts of the facade panels, the facade panels being placed from bottom to top in the same column. Summary description of the drawings

[0014] Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments and implementations of the invention given as non-limiting examples and represented in the appended drawings, in which:

[0015] [Fig-1] schematically illustrates an exploded view of a fixing fitting with a anchor plate intended to be fixed to a building, a hanging plate intended to be fixed to the anchor plate, a support bracket intended to be installed in a hook of the hanging plate and a fixing lug intended to be fixed to the hanging plate;

[0016] [Fig.2] schematically illustrates a side view of a mounting of a fitting of fixing with a support bracket being installed in the hook of the hanging plate to be fixed on the anchor plate;

[0017] [Fig.3] schematically illustrates a top view of the support bracket illustrated in [Fig.2] ;

[0018] [Fig.4] schematically illustrates a top view of another embodiment of the support bracket;

[0019] [Fig.5] schematically illustrates a side view of a mounting of a fitting of fixing with a support bracket being installed in the hook of the hanging plate to be fixed on the anchor plate, the hanging plate being illustrated in [Fig.4];

[0020] [Fig.6] schematically illustrates a side view of a mounting of a fitting of fixing with a support bracket being installed in the hook of another embodiment of the hanging plate to be fixed on the anchoring plate, the hanging plate being illustrated in [Fig.4];

[0021] [Fig.7] schematically illustrates a side view of a mounting of a fitting of fixing with a support bracket being installed in the hook of yet another embodiment of the hanging plate to be fixed on the anchor plate, the hanging plate being illustrated in [Fig.4]. Description of the embodiments

[0022] In order to easily fix one or more panels of a prefabricated facade, preferably a wooden frame facade, to a wall of an existing construction, it is particularly advantageous to use a fixing fitting which is clever so as to provide easy adjustment with respect to the different configurations which may be encountered during a renovation while facilitating the fixing of the facade panel to limit human operations.

[0023] The wall to be clad is a facade wall of an existing building, intended to be insulated and clad from the outside, preferably a concrete wall. For example, the wall is made of reinforced concrete. The wall can also be in a post-and-beam structure with masonry filling or any other filling material. The reinforced concrete posts and beams form the load-bearing structure. It is also possible to have a sandwich-type structure with a stack of several layers.

[0024] The prefabricated facade is non-load-bearing, in other words the prefabricated facade is not intended to ensure the stability of the building.

[0025] As illustrated in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the prefabricated facade has at least one facade panel A and a plurality of fixing fittings 1 which allow the facade panel A to be fixed to a wall B. Preferably, the facade panel A is fixed to the wall B with at least one lower fixing fitting and at least one upper fixing fitting. More preferably, a fixing fitting 1 is arranged at each of the four corners of the facade panel A.

[0026] As illustrated in Figures 1 to 7, the fixing fitting 1 comprises an anchor plate 2 intended to be fixedly mounted on a facade of the building to be renovated, i.e. on the wall B to be clad. The anchor plate 2 will be fixed to the wall B by any suitable means so as to make the anchor plate 2 immobile relative to the wall B. Preferably, the anchor plate 2 is fixed by means of anchors 2c, for example screws which are introduced into the wall B. Advantageously, the anchor plate 2 defines an oblong hole 2a and a hole of circular section 2b. The hole of circular section 2b has a diameter which is substantially identical to that of the anchor used for the fixing which blocks translational movements parallel to the face of the wall B. During assembly, the oblong hole 2a extends along the vertical direction Z so as to be able to carry out the vertical adjustment of the anchor plate 2. A first anchor 2c is installed in the wall B and passes through the oblong hole 2a. The vertical position of the anchor plate 2 is adjusted in order to best adapt to the configuration of the wall B and a second anchor 2c is installed through the circular hole 2b to fix the position of the anchor plate 2 relative to the wall in the vertical direction Z and in a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction and parallel to the face of the wall B, here the Y direction.

[0027] The fixing fitting 1 comprises a hooking plate 3 mounted on the anchoring plate 2. The hooking plate 3 is mounted to be movable relative to the anchoring plate 2 in a first direction X. Once the anchoring plate 2 is fixed to the wall B, the first direction X is a horizontal direction which is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the face of the wall B. The relative mobility between the anchoring plate 2 and the hooking plate 3 makes it possible to compensate for a non-flatness of the wall or possibly a defect in the plumb line of the wall B.

[0028] The hanging plate 3 defines a hook 4 opening vertically upwards. In other words, once the hanging plate 3 is installed on the wall B, an element can be installed in the hook 4 with an up-down movement and the element can be removed with an up-up movement.

[0029] The fixing fitting 1 comprises first locking means 5 having a first position in which the attachment plate 3 is movable relative to the anchoring plate 2 and a second position in which the attachment plate 3 is stationary relative to the anchoring plate 2. Advantageously, the first locking means 5 are bolts 5a having a screw and a nut. Once the position of the attachment plate 3 is defined relative to the anchoring plate 2, the bolts 5a are tightened to obtain a take-up of the forces by adhesion between the attachment plate 3 and the anchoring plate 2.

[0030] The fixing fitting 1 also comprises a support bracket 6 which preferably defines an orifice 6a crossed by a part of the hook 4 to come into abutment against the hanging plate 3. During assembly, the support bracket 6 penetrates into the hook 4 to come into abutment against the wall of the hook 4 and define the low vertical position of the facade panel A placed on the support bracket 6.

[0031] The support bracket 6 is removable from the hanging plate 3. The support bracket 6 is intended to be fixed to a facade panel A of a floor. It is particularly advantageous to use a support bracket 6, that is to say an element which has two sides which are arranged perpendicular to each other. Another angle is possible subject to adapting the shape of the lower part of the facade panel 1. The side extending mainly in the vertical direction Z comes into abutment against a wall of the hook 4 which makes it possible to define the maximum penetration during assembly according to the first direction X as well as the height according to the vertical direction Z. The installation of the assembly formed by the anchoring plate 2 and the hanging plate 3 and the adjustment of the position of the hanging plate 3 makes it possible to define the position of the support bracket 6 which fixes the position of the lower part of the facade panel A.

[0032] Advantageously, the support bracket 6 is fixed to the facade panel A during the installation of the facade panel A. More preferably, the facade panel A is prefabricated and the support bracket 6 is fixed to the facade panel A at the factory outlet. During the installation of the facade panel A, the support bracket 6 penetrates into the hook 4 until it comes into abutment in the vertical direction Z, which defines the vertical position of the facade panel A. The hook 4 has a slanted shape, with a steep downward slope, from the outside to the inside, making it possible to accompany the placement of the prefabricated facade on its foot support, by means of its support bracket 6.

[0033] In one embodiment, the support bracket 6 is a single piece. In another embodiment, the support bracket 6 is made in several parts. It is advantageous for the support bracket 6 to be provided with a rod 6b which is removable and which partly delimits the orifice 6a.

[0034] In a particular embodiment, the bottom of the hook 4 has a shape substantially complementary to the section of the portion of the support bracket 6 which penetrates into the hook 4. Such an arrangement makes it possible to place the support bracket 6 relative to the wall to be renovated and therefore to place the facade panel relative to the wall to be renovated. The width and the section are observed in a vertical plane perpendicular to the plane defined by the wall B.

[0035] In an alternative embodiment, the bottom of the hook 4 is wider than the section of the support bracket portion 6. The support bracket 6 has the possibility of moving horizontally in the hook 4 to move closer to or further away from the wall B.

[0036] The use of a support bracket 6 which penetrates into a hook 4 is particularly advantageous because this facilitates the assembly of the facade panel A. The assembly is all the easier since the support bracket 6 is fixed to the facade panel A before its fixing with the wall B. In order to provide significant thermal protection, the facade panel is arranged close to the wall B and more preferably in contact with the wall B.

[0037] The facade panels A having a thickness along the first predefined direction Y, it is possible to adjust the position of the hanging plate 3 relative to the anchoring plate 2 to ensure good positioning of the facade panel A, before installing the facade panel A.

[0038] Furthermore, the facade panels A are arranged one after the other in a direction that goes from bottom to top. The closer the facade panels A are to each other, the more difficult it is to fix them by the edge. The proposed configuration makes it possible not to have to intervene on the lower fixing fitting 1 once the facade panel A is in position. Furthermore, the use of the hook 4 which cooperates with the support bracket 6 allows for almost blind assembly because once the support bracket 6 enters the hook 4, it is possible to have precise positioning automatically by taking advantage of the shape of the hook 4.

[0039] It is advantageous for the hook 4 to have an opening that decreases in a vertical direction Z from top to bottom. With a large opening in the upper part, it is easier to insert the support bracket 6 into the hook 4. By reducing the section of the opening of the hook 4 as one descends, the facade panel A is placed in the expected position under the effect of its own weight.

[0040] This allows for faster assembly of the facade panels A and also allows for more precise installation of the facade panels A relative to each other. Better control of the spacing between the facade panels A makes it possible to facilitate the finishing steps between facade panels A and to reduce the duration of this step.

[0041] The fixing fitting 1 also comprises a fixing lug 8 fixed in a movably manner relative to the hanging plate 3. The hanging plate 3 and the fixing lug 8 define at least one sliding connection in the vertical direction Z. The fixing lug 8 is intended to be fixed to a facade panel A of an immediately lower floor. The fixing lug 8 has at least one wing. Preferably, the fixing lug 8 is in the form of a “U” with two fixing wings which extend horizontally to be fixed to a facade panel A. The two fixing wings are connected by a base which passes through a hole in the hanging plate 3.

[0042] Once the facade panel A is placed on the lower fixing fitting(s) 1, the fixing lug 8 of the upper fixing fitting 8 is fixed to the upper wall of the facade panel A. For example, the fixing wings are fixed to the facade panel A by screwing.

[0043] In the illustrated embodiments, the fixing lug 8 is removably mounted around a pivot shaft 8a. The pivot shaft is fixed to the attachment plate 3. Preferably, the pivot shaft 8a is movably mounted in an oblong hole 9 of the attachment plate 3. The oblong hole extends in the Z direction. The pivot shaft 8a is preferably fixed by means of a nut 8b.

[0044] Preferably, the fixing lug 8 is mounted to pivot about a pivot axis which is perpendicular to the first direction X and to the vertical direction Z when the fixing fitting 1 is anchored on a vertical wall B. Once the facade panel A is placed on the lower fixing fitting(s) 1, the fixing lug 8 is tilted from a position where the fixing wing(s) extend vertically upwards from the base to a position where the fixing wing(s) come to bear against the top of the facade panel A. The wing(s) are then fixed to the facade panel A for example by screwing in screws.

[0045] The hook 4 allows the support bracket 6 to move upwards in the vertical direction Z. The hooking plate 3 also allows the fixing bracket 8 to move vertically upwards by defining a vertical slide with the latter. This feature makes it possible to mechanically separate the wall B and the facade panel A from vertical stresses. Advantageously, in the event of an earthquake, the design of the fitting allows the wall B to be placed in a parallelogram, without this movement inducing any force on the facade A.

[0046] The prefabricated facade being non-load-bearing and being formed of facade panels A which are mechanically independent, this makes it possible to reduce the mechanical stresses on the facade panels A. The mechanical forces are mainly supported by the fixing fitting 1. The support structure of the facade panel A can be sized to support its own weight, the forces linked to wind, seismic shocks and other stresses inherent to a facade panel A without having to be sized to support forces from the other facade panels A.

[0047] Preferably, the fixing fitting 1 is made of metal, advantageously steel. This makes it possible to form a fixing fitting 1 with a good compromise between its mechanical performance, its size, its mass and its durability over time.

[0048] Preferably, the facade panel A has a lower rail fixed to the support bracket 6 of a lower fixing fitting 1 and an upper rail fixed to a fixing lug 8 of an upper fixing fitting 1. The lower fixing fitting 1 is at a lower altitude than the altitude of the upper fixing fitting 1. In a fixing fitting 1 fixed to a wall B, the fixing lug 8 is arranged under a support bracket 6. Preferably, once the support bracket 6 is installed, the fixing lug 8 is no longer able to pivot. The support bracket 6 forms an end-of-travel stop which prevents the pivoting of the fixing lug 8.

[0049] It is particularly advantageous that the support bracket 6 and the fixing lug 8 extend on either side of the wall defining the hook 4 in the direction Y which is perpendicular to the first direction X and perpendicular to the vertical direction Z and that the fixings to the facade panels A are made on either side of the wall defining hook A. This allows for better distribution of forces.

[0050] It is particularly advantageous that the lower rail and the upper rail are connected by lateral uprights so as to define a frame which forms on the support of the facade panel A. The lower rail, the upper rail as well as the lateral uprights are preferably made of wood. The frame can be completed with one or more lintels and additional uprights if the frame must define an opening for a window or a door. The frame is configured to support its own mass, as well as the mass of the finishing elements allowing the thermal insulation of the facade panel as well as its cladding. The frame is configured to withstand wind pressures perpendicular to the plane defined by the facade of the wall B as well as transverse compressions at the level of the fixing zones with the fixing fittings A. The frame is preferably configured to withstand seismic stresses.

[0051] In order to ensure good overall thermal insulation of the facade, it is advantageous to make a joint between two facade panels A arranged one above the other and / or between two facade panels arranged one next to the other in the Y direction. The joint is preferably made by means of a layer of thermal insulation. The thermal insulation is preferably an easily compressible insulation so as to avoid a transfer of force between two facade panels A arranged one above the other. It is advantageous for the thermal insulation not to extend continuously from one panel to the adjacent facade panel in the Y direction to reduce the risks of fire spreading.

[0052] It is also advantageous for the facade panel to be provided with a flame deflector. The flame deflector may be formed by a metal sheet, for example a steel sheet, which extends in the first direction X from the frame or from the stability veil A3 at least until it projects from the facing A4 arranged on the stability veil. The facing A4 forms the visible face of the facade panel A.

[0053] In order to facilitate the installation of a facade panel A, it is advantageous to place two lower fixing brackets 1 and two upper fixing brackets 1. The fixing brackets 1 are arranged at the ends in the Y direction. Depending on the weight of the facade panel A and the material forming the wall B, it is possible to use more than two lower fixing brackets 1 and / or more than two upper fixing brackets 1 per facade panel A.

[0054] The fixing lug 8 being movable in the vertical direction Z, it is possible to absorb a differential expansion between the wall B and the facade panel A in the vertical direction Z.

[0055] Advantageously, the support bracket 6 and the fixing lug 8 are mounted to move in the Y direction relative to the hanging plate 3. The support bracket 6 and the fixing lug 8 each define with the hanging plate 3 a functional clearance which makes it possible to absorb, in the Y direction, a differential expansion between the facade panel A on the one hand and the wall B and / or the fixing fitting on the other hand. This also makes it possible to avoid the absorption of forces between two facade panels A in the Y direction.

[0056] A facade can be installed on a wall B to be renovated in the following manner. First, the characteristics of wall B are measured, including in particular the height, width, plumb line and location of openings, for example windows, doors. The position of the facade panels is calculated and the position of the fixing fittings intended to fix the facade panels to the wall is calculated.

[0057] The anchoring plates 2 are fixed to the wall B according to the calculated positions. The hanging plates 3 are preferably fixed to the anchoring plates during installation. Otherwise, the hanging plates 3 are fixed to the anchoring plates 2 which have been fixed to the wall B. The plumb and alignment of the hooks 4 of the multiple hanging plates 3 are adjusted according to the vertical direction Z and the direction Y. The adjustment makes it possible, for example, to form a flat and vertical facade.

[0058] The facade panels B are installed in the hooks 4. During installation, the facade panels A are provided with support brackets 6. The facade panels A can be installed in rows or columns after columns or according to another organization. However, the panels of the same column are always installed from bottom to top. The connection between a facade panel A and the wall B is carried out by inserting the support brackets 6 in the hooks 4 which fixes the height of the facade panel A and its spacing from the wall B. The upper part of the facade panel A is fixed to the fixing lugs 8 of the upper fixing fittings 1 which makes it possible to fix the verticality of the facade panel A. Preferably, during the installation of the facade panels, the fixing lugs 8 are installed on the hanging plates 3 in a raised position which does not interfere with the positioning of the facade panels 1.

Claims

Claims

1. Fixing fitting (1) for a facade comprising: - an anchoring plate (2) intended to be fixedly mounted on a wall (B); - a hooking plate (3) mounted on the anchoring plate (2), the hooking plate (3) being mounted movably relative to the anchoring plate (2) in a first direction (X) to move the anchoring plate (3) and the wall (B) away from or towards each other and / or to modify the inclination between the hooking plate (3) and the anchoring plate (2), the hooking plate (3) defining a hook (4) opening vertically upwards; - first locking means (5) having a first position in which the hooking plate (3) is movable relative to the anchoring plate (2) and a second position in which the hooking plate (3) is stationary relative to the anchoring plate (2);- a support bracket (6) defining an orifice (6a) crossed by a part of the hook (4) to come to bear against the hanging plate (3), the support bracket (6) being removable from the hanging plate (3), the support bracket (6) being intended to be fixed to a facade panel (A) of a floor; - a fixing lug (8) fixed in a movable manner relative to the hanging plate (3), the hanging plate (3) and the fixing lug (8) defining a sliding connection in the vertical direction (Z), the fixing lug (8) being intended to be fixed to a facade panel (A) of an immediately lower floor.;

2. A fixing fitting according to claim 1 wherein the fixing lug (8) is installed in a hole delimited by a wall defining a downward vertical stop for the fixing lug (8).

3. Fixing fitting according to one of claims 1 and 2 in which the hook (4) has an opening which decreases in a vertical direction directed downwards.

4. Facade comprising a facade panel, a lower fixing fitting (1) and an upper fixing fitting (1), the lower fixing fitting (1) and the upper fixing fitting (1) each being a fixing fitting (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, a lower rail (Al) of the facade panel (A) being fixed to the support bracket (6) of the lower fixing fitting (1), an upper rail (A2) of the facade panel (A) being fixed to the fixing lug (8) of the upper fixing fitting (1).

5. Facade according to claim 4 in which the facade panel (A) is movable in the vertical direction (Z) relative to the lower fixing fitting (1) and relative to the upper fixing fitting (1).

6. Facade according to one of claims 4 and 5 in which the facade panel (A) is movable in a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction (Z) and perpendicular to the first direction (X) relative to the lower fixing fitting (1) and relative to the upper fixing fitting (1).

7. Method for mounting a facade on a wall (B) comprising the following steps: - measuring characteristics of the wall including in particular a height and a width of the wall; - calculating the positions of a plurality of facade panels (A) and the positions of a plurality of fixing fittings (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3; - fixing the anchoring plates (2) on the wall (B) at the calculated positions; - adjusting the positions of hooks (4) of the hanging plates (3) fixed to the anchoring plates (2); - fixing the facade panels provided with support brackets (6) in the hooks (4); - fixing the fixing lugs to the upper parts of the facade panels (A), the facade panels (1) being placed from bottom to top in the same column.

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