Electronic control unit for speed-dependent acceleration control system

Abstract

The invention relates to an electronic control unit (12) for a hybrid vehicle (1) comprising a control system (10), an electric machine (20) and a heat engine (40), the electronic control unit being configured to receive via a communication network (13) an acceleration request required by a user of the vehicle (1) by actuation of the control handle (11) of a control system (10), to compare the value of the speed measured by a speed measurement module (14) with the minimum speed value recorded following the reception of said acceleration request, to generate, as a function of the acceleration request, a single torque command intended for the electric machine (20) if the measured speed is lower than the minimum speed recorded and to send the single torque command to the electric machine (20). Figure for abstract: Fig 1

Description

Title of the invention: Electronic control unit for a speed-dependent acceleration control system Technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of two or three-wheeled motorized vehicles and more particularly concerns an acceleration control system for such a vehicle. Prior art

[0002] Due to the different regulations concerning vehicle emissions and their consumption, the transport vehicle industries are increasingly developing less polluting electric models.

[0003] However, the complete electrification of certain types of vehicle, in particular two-wheeled motorized vehicles such as motorcycles or scooters, still encounters technical difficulties which make these vehicles very expensive given their performance.

[0004] In order to solve this problem, hybrid vehicles are being developed, which can operate either solely on electric power in certain situations, particularly in built-up areas at limited speeds, or solely on conventional thermal power, or in a combination of the two modes.

[0005] Hybrid two-wheeled motor vehicles are, however, still little developed today and the adaptation of essential functions to driving a hybrid vehicle are not widely used technologies.

[0006] When such a vehicle is in hybrid mode, both the electric and thermal engines are in operation. When the user wishes to accelerate, the electric machine and the thermal engine are used to produce the engine torque necessary for acceleration.

[0007] Depending on the speed ratio of the mechanical clutch of the thermal engine and the speed of the vehicle, the contribution of the thermal engine to the overall acceleration may be too great and cause the thermal engine to stall.

[0008] This situation can occur in particular when starting the vehicle, if the user has not shifted down to the lowest gear.

[0009] In addition to user comfort, this type of situation can also impact driving safety and vehicle fuel consumption.

[0010] There is therefore a need for a simple and effective solution to at least partially remedy these drawbacks. Statement of the invention

[0011] To this end, the invention firstly relates to an electronic control unit for a hybrid vehicle, in particular for a two- or three-wheeled vehicle, said vehicle comprising a control system, an electric machine and a thermal engine, said control system comprising a control handle, said electronic control unit called "main", a speed measurement module configured to measure the speed of the vehicle and a communication network, said main electronic control unit comprising a memory area in which a predetermined minimum speed value is recorded and being configured to receive via the communication network an acceleration request required by a user of the vehicle by actuation of the control handle,to compare the value of the speed measured by the speed measurement module with the minimum speed value recorded in the memory area following receipt of said acceleration request, to generate, as a function of the acceleration request, a single torque command intended for the electric machine if the measured speed is lower than the minimum speed recorded and to send the single torque command to the electric machine via the communication network.

[0012] The electronic control unit according to the invention thus makes it possible to avoid using the thermal engine at a speed which does not correspond to the speed of the vehicle, which makes it possible to reduce fuel consumption, the noise generated by the vehicle and the risk of damaging the thermal engine and risking stalling. If the speed of the vehicle is too low, it is the electric machine which carries out the entirety of the user's acceleration request.

[0013] Preferably, the vehicle further comprises an electric battery and the control system further comprises a charge control module configured to measure the charge level of said electric battery, and the main electronic control unit as shown is configured to receive via the communication network a value of the charge level of the electric battery measured by said charge control module, to include in the memory area a pre-recorded charge threshold value, to compare the charge value of the electric battery with said charge threshold value, to generate a single torque command intended for the electric machine if the charge of the electric battery is above the charge threshold value and to send the single torque command via the communication network to the electric machine.Thus the main electronic control unit according to the invention does not send a torque command to the electric machine which requires more charge than the charge level of the electric battery, thus avoiding the vehicle not being able to accelerate due to lack of charge.

[0014] More preferably, the vehicle comprises a mechanical gearbox connected to the thermal engine, and the main electronic control unit as presented is configured to receive via the communication network the mechanical gear engaged on said mechanical gearbox and to include in the memory area different minimum speed values corresponding to the at least one mechanical gear engaged on the mechanical gearbox. These different minimum speeds corresponding to the gear ratios of the mechanical gearbox make it possible to adapt the operation of the torque control system according to the gear engaged.

[0015] More preferably, the main electronic control unit as presented is configured to receive via the communication network the performances of the electric machine measured by said electric machine, to compare the torque command with the maximum performances of the electric machine and to send via the communication network a complementary torque command to the thermal engine when the command is greater than the performances of the electric machine even if the measured speed is lower than the minimum speed recorded.

[0016] The invention also relates to a torque control method implemented by a main electronic control unit as presented above, comprising the steps of: - receipt of a torque command, - receiving vehicle speed, - comparison of the received vehicle speed with the stored minimum speed value corresponding to the gear engaged, - generation, if the received vehicle speed is lower than the stored minimum speed value, of a single torque command and sending of the single torque command to the electric machine, - generation, if the received vehicle speed is greater than the stored minimum speed value, of a torque command intended for the electric machine and a torque command intended for the thermal engine and sending of the torque commands.

[0017] This method allows the generation of either the single torque command, or an electric torque command and a thermal torque command if the speed is greater than the pre-recorded minimum speed. Advantageously, the method can also switch to the generation of an electric torque command and a thermal torque command if the charge of the electric battery and / or if the performance of the electric machine is not sufficient to implement the generated single torque command.

[0018] The invention also relates to a computer program product characterized in that it comprises a set of program code instructions which, when they are executed by one or more processors, configure the processor(s) to implement the method as presented.

[0019] According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a hybrid vehicle control system, in particular for a two- or three-wheeled vehicle, said vehicle comprising said control system, an electric machine and a heat engine, said control system comprising a control handle, a main electronic control unit as described above, a speed measurement module configured to measure the speed of the vehicle and a communication network. The control system according to the invention thus allows the generation of the acceleration request and its routing to the electric machine and to the heat engine.

[0020] The invention also relates to a hybrid motor vehicle, in particular two or three-wheeled, comprising a control system as presented, an electric machine, a heat engine and a mechanical gearbox connected to the heat engine.

[0021] The invention also relates to a hybrid motor vehicle as described above, in which the mechanical gearbox is connected to the thermal engine by a centrifugal clutch. The centrifugal clutch engages autonomously when the rotation of the drive shaft of the thermal engine is sufficient, and disconnects the thermal engine from the mechanical gearbox automatically when the rotation is lower. This device allows the vehicle to simply disconnect the thermal engine and the mechanical gearbox when the thermal engine is not operating and only the thermal machine is accelerating the vehicle, without the user having to perform a manual action.

[0022] The invention also relates to a torque control method implemented by a vehicle as presented, comprising the steps of: - generation, by the user, of an acceleration request by operating the control handle, - reception, by the main electronic control unit, of the generated acceleration request, - reception, by the main electronic control unit, of a value of the vehicle speed measured by the speed measurement module, - comparison, by the main electronic control unit, of the received vehicle speed with the stored minimum speed value corresponding to the gear engaged, - generation, if the received vehicle speed is lower than the stored minimum speed value, of a single torque command intended for the electric machine, sending said single torque command to the machine electric via the communication network, reception and implementation of the single torque command by the electric machine and acceleration of the vehicle by the electric machine, - generation, if the received vehicle speed is greater than the stored minimum speed value, of a torque command intended for the electric machine and an additional torque command intended for the thermal engine, sending said torque commands to the electric machine and to the thermal engine via the communication network, reception and implementation of the torque commands by the electric machine and the thermal engine and acceleration of the vehicle by the electric machine and the thermal engine. Brief description of the drawings

[0023] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from reading the description which follows. This description is purely illustrative and must be read in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:

[0024] [Fig-1] [Fig.l] schematically illustrates a hybrid vehicle comprising a electric machine and a heat engine as well as a control system according to the invention, an electric machine.

[0025] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] schematically illustrates the assembly formed by the engine thermal and mechanical gearbox connected by the centrifugal clutch.

[0026] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] schematically illustrates the steps of the method of generating a braking control according to the invention. Description of the embodiments

[0027] Vehicle 1

[0028] With reference to [Fig.l], the vehicle 1 is a hybrid two-wheeled vehicle, comprising a control system 10, an electric machine 20, an electric battery 30, a thermal engine 40 and a mechanical gearbox 50.

[0029] Control system 10

[0030] The control system 10 comprises a control handle 11, a main electronic control unit 12, a communication network 13, a speed measurement module 14 and a load control module 15.

[0031] The control handle 11 is configured to generate an acceleration request when it is actuated by the user of the vehicle 1 and to send the generated acceleration request over the communication network 13.

[0032] The main electronic control unit 12 is configured to receive an acceleration request generated by the control handle 11 via the communication network 13.

[0033] The main electronic control unit 12 is configured to generate a so-called “electric” torque command and to send said electric torque command to the electric machine 20 via the communication network 13.

[0034] The main electronic control unit 12 is configured to generate a so-called “thermal” torque command and to send said thermal torque command to the thermal engine 40 via the communication network 13.

[0035] The main electronic control unit 12 is configured to receive a value of the speed of the vehicle 1 measured by the speed measurement module 14 via the communication network 13.

[0036] The main electronic control unit 12 is configured to receive a value of the charge of the electric battery 30 measured by the charge control module 15 via the communication network 13.

[0037] The main electronic control unit 12 is configured to receive the performance information of the electrical machine 20, via the communication network 13.

[0038] The main electronic control unit 12 is configured to receive the gear ratio 53 engaged in the mechanical gearbox 50 via the communication network 13.

[0039] The main electronic control unit 12 comprises a memory area in which one or more minimum speed values are pre-recorded.

[0040] Preferably, the memory area comprises a minimum speed for each gear ratio 53 of the mechanical gearbox 50.

[0041] The main electronic control unit 12 is configured to compare the received measured speed with the minimum speed corresponding to the gear ratio 53 engaged.

[0042] The communication network 13 is for example a CAN type communication network.

[0043] The speed measurement module 14 is configured to measure the speed of movement of the vehicle 1. The measurement can be carried out, for example, by a sensor of the number of rotations of one of the wheels of the vehicle 1 or by a device for sending and receiving ultrasonic signals on the ground.

[0044] The speed measurement module 14 is configured to send the measured speed value to the main electronic control unit 12 via the communication network 13.

[0045] The charge control module 15 is connected to the electric battery 30 which supplies the electric machine 20 and is configured to measure a value of the charge of the electric battery 30 and to send this value to the main electronic control unit 12 via the communication network 13.

[0046] Electric machine 20

[0047] The electric machine 20 makes it possible to produce an acceleration torque of the vehicle 1 as a function of an electric torque command. The drive torque makes it possible to drive the rotation of the wheels.

[0048] The electric machine 20 is configured to receive an electric torque command from the main electronic control unit 12 via the communication network 13.

[0049] Preferably, the electrical machine 20 comprises an electronic control unit which ensures the sending and reception of electronic signals via the communication network 13.

[0050] The electric machine 20 is supplied with charge by the electric battery 30.

[0051] Electric battery 30

[0052] The electric battery 30 is connected to the electric machine 20 and allows it to be supplied with current in order to be able to operate it and produce an acceleration torque.

[0053] The electric battery 30 is configured to be recharged when the vehicle 1 is stopped by connection to an external energy source or by the electric machine 20 during a recovery mode, in particular when the vehicle 1 is braking.

[0054] Thermal engine 40

[0055] The thermal engine 40 makes it possible to produce a driving torque of the vehicle 1 as a function of a thermal torque demand, in particular with an internal combustion engine.

[0056] As shown in [Fig.2], the heat engine 40 comprises a drive shaft 41 which is rotated during operation of the heat engine 40.

[0057] The thermal engine 40 is connected to the mechanical gearbox 50 by the drive shaft 4L

[0058] Preferably, the heat engine 40 comprises an electronic control unit which ensures the sending and reception of electronic signals via the communication network 13.

[0059] 50 manual gearbox

[0060] As shown in [Fig.2], the mechanical gearbox 50 comprises a centrifugal clutch 51, a shaft 52, a plurality of speed ratios 53 and a transmission 54.

[0061] The centrifugal clutch 51 is fixed to the end of the drive shaft 4L. When the drive shaft 41 rotates at a sufficient speed, the centrifugal clutch opens and becomes secured to the shaft 52 to which it transmits the rotation produced by the heat engine 40.

[0062] The centrifugal clutch 51 may in particular consist of weights connected to the drive shaft 41 which move apart during rotation under the effect of the force centrifugal. Above a rotation speed threshold, these weights are far enough apart to drive the shaft 52 by friction, each inserting into a dedicated orbit for example.

[0063] The plurality of speed ratios 53 are located on the shaft 52. The user of the vehicle 1 can choose a speed ratio 53 depending on the torque provided by the thermal engine 40 and the use of the vehicle 1.

[0064] The rotational torque thus obtained is transmitted to at least one wheel of the vehicle 1 by the transmission 54.

[0065] Example of implementation

[0066] When the vehicle 1, with hybrid propulsion, is in operation, that is to say when it is traveling at a certain speed and is driven by a user, the user may want to accelerate the vehicle 1.

[0067] To do this, the user operates the control handle 11 of the control system 10 in a step E1. The control handle 11 then generates an acceleration request which is sent over the communication network 13.

[0068] The acceleration request is received by the main electronic control unit 12 in a step E2. Preferably, due to the nature of the communication network 13, for example a CAN network, the acceleration request is intended to be received by the main electronic control unit 12 and not by another element on the communication network 13.

[0069] In a step E3, the main electronic control unit 12 receives via the communication network 13 a value of the speed of the vehicle 1 measured by the speed measurement module 14.

[0070] Step E3 may begin with the main electronic control unit 12 sending a signal to the speed measurement module 14 to trigger the return sending of the measured speed value on the communication network 13.

[0071] The sending of the measured value of the speed on the communication network 13 by the speed measurement module 14 can alternatively be done continuously at a given time frequency.

[0072] In a step E4, the main electronic control 12 receives via the communication network 13 the gear ratio 53 of the mechanical gearbox 50 engaged.

[0073] Step E4 can begin with the main electronic control unit 12 sending a signal to the mechanical gearbox 50 to trigger the return sending of the engaged gear ratio 53 on the communication network 13.

[0074] The sending of the engaged gear ratio on the communication network 13 by the mechanical gearbox 50 can alternatively be done continuously at a given time frequency.

[0075] In a step E5-1, the main electronic control unit 12 receives the in- 20 electric machine performance training. This information may include the maximum number of revolutions per minute achievable by the electric machine under the current conditions of use.

[0076] Step E5-1 may begin with the main electronic control unit 12 sending a signal to the electrical machine 20 to trigger the return sending of performance information on the communication network 13.

[0077] The sending of performance information on the communication network 13 by the electrical machine 20 can alternatively be done continuously at a given time frequency.

[0078] In a step E5-2, the main electronic control unit 12 receives the value of the charge of the electric battery 30 from the charge control module 15.

[0079] Step E5-2 may begin with the main electronic control unit 12 sending a signal to the charge control module 15 to trigger the return sending of the value of the charge of the electric battery 30 on the communication network 13.

[0080] The sending of the value of the charge of the electric battery 30 on the communication network 13 by the electric machine 20 can alternatively be done continuously at a given time frequency.

[0081] Steps E3, E4, E5-1 and E5-2 can alternatively be performed in any order.

[0082] In a step E6, the main electronic control unit 12 compares the value of the speed of the vehicle 1 received with the stored minimum speed value corresponding to the gear ratio 53 engaged.

[0083] If at the end of step E6 the value of the speed of the vehicle 1 received is lower than the stored minimum speed value, the main electronic control unit 12 generates a single torque command in a step E7.

[0084] In a step E8, the main electronic control unit 12 compares the generated single torque command with the performance of the received electric machine 20 and compares the load required to implement the single torque command with the charge level of the electric battery 30.

[0085] Steps E5-1 and E5-2 can alternately take place between step E7 and step E8.

[0086] If at the end of step E8, the single torque command is lower than the performance of the electric machine 20 received and the value of the charge of the electric battery 30 is sufficient, this single torque command is sent in a step E9 to the electric machine 20 via the communication network 13.

[0087] In a step E10, the single torque command is received by the electrical machine 20 which implements said single torque command.

[0088] In a step El 1, the vehicle 1 is thus accelerated by the electric machine 20 in accordance with the acceleration request generated by the user.

[0089] If at the end of step E8, the single torque command is greater than the performance of the electric machine 20 received or the value of the charge of the electric battery 30 is insufficient, the main electronic control unit 12 recalculates in a step E9* a secondary torque command corresponding to the performance of the electric machine 20 and calculates during step E9* a complementary torque command intended to be sent to the thermal engine 40.

[0090] In a step E10*, the secondary torque command is sent to the electric machine 20 by the main electronic control unit 12 via the communication network 13 and the complementary torque command is sent to the thermal engine 40 by the main electronic control unit 12 via the communication network 13.

[0091] In a step El 1*, the secondary torque command is received by the electric machine 20 which implements it and the complementary torque command is received by the thermal engine 40 which implements it.

[0092] In a step E12*, the vehicle 1 is thus accelerated by the thermal engine 40 and the electric machine 20 in accordance with the acceleration request generated by the user.

[0093] If at the end of step E6 the value of the speed of the vehicle 1 received is greater than the stored minimum speed value, the main electronic control unit 12 generates in a step E7** an electric torque command intended for the electric machine 20 and a thermal torque command intended for the thermal engine 40.

[0094] In a step E8**, the electric torque command is sent to the electric machine 20 and the thermal torque command is sent to the thermal engine 40 via the communication network 13.

[0095] In a step E9**, the electric torque command is received by the electric machine 20 and the thermal torque command is received by the thermal engine 40, which implements them.

[0096] In a step E10**, the vehicle 1 is thus accelerated by the thermal engine 40 and the electric machine 20 in accordance with the acceleration request generated by the user.

[0097] In the case where following step El 1 the vehicle 1 is accelerated solely by the electric machine 20, the thermal engine 40 is not in operation and the axis 41 is not rotating.

[0098] This scenario may arise in particular when the user wants to accelerate the vehicle 1 after a stop without having downshifted the gear ratio 53 of the mechanical gearbox 50. When restarting, it is therefore the electric machine 20 which ensures acceleration.

[0099] Since the axis 41 is not rotating, the centrifugal clutch 51 is not deployed.

[0100] During acceleration of the vehicle 1, the main electronic control unit 12 can detect that the user requests acceleration greater than the performance of the electric machine 20 and therefore send a thermal torque command to the thermal engine 40.

[0101] This torque command causes the thermal engine 40 to start operating and sets the shaft 41 into rotation, which deploys the centrifugal clutch 51 which transmits the rotation of the shaft 41 to the mechanical gearbox 50.

[0102] If the gear ratio engaged is too low, the rotation transmitted to the mechanical gearbox 50 is too high and risks damaging the thermal engine 40 and / or the mechanical gearbox 50 as well as causing the thermal engine 40 to stall.

[0103] It is therefore important that the user shifts to a higher gear ratio 53 when accelerating by the electric machine 20 alone. This change of gear ratio 53 can alternatively be carried out automatically.

[0104] Alternatively, the lowest speed ratios 53 present on conventional mechanical gearboxes 50 can be eliminated. Thus, when the user starts and remains at low speeds, the vehicle 1 is accelerated by the electric machine 20 alone, and when the user increases the speed beyond and the thermal engine 40 is activated, the speed ratio 53 already corresponds to the higher speed of the vehicle 1.

Claims

Claims

1. Electronic control unit (12) for a hybrid vehicle (1), in particular for a two- or three-wheeled vehicle (1), said vehicle (1) comprising a control system (10), an electric machine (20) and a thermal engine (40), said control system (10) comprising a control handle (11), said so-called "main" electronic control unit (12), a speed measurement module (14) configured to measure the speed of the vehicle (1) and a communication network (13), said main electronic control unit (12) comprising a memory area in which a predetermined minimum speed value is recorded and being configured to receive via the communication network (13) an acceleration request required by a user of the vehicle (1) by actuation of the control handle (11),to compare the value of the speed measured by the speed measurement module (14) with the minimum speed value recorded in the memory area following the reception of said acceleration request, to generate, as a function of the acceleration request, a single torque command intended for the electric machine (20) if the measured speed is lower than the recorded minimum speed and to send via the communication network (13) the single torque command to the electric machine (20).,

2. Main electronic control unit (12) according to the preceding claim, the vehicle (1) further comprising an electric battery (30) and the control system (10) further comprising a charge control module (15) configured to measure the charge level of said electric battery (30), the main electronic control unit (12) being configured to receive via the communication network (13) a value of the charge level of the electric battery (30) measured by said charge control module (15), to include in the memory area a pre-recorded charge threshold value, to compare the charge value of the electric battery (30) with said charge threshold value,to generate a single torque command to the electric machine (20) if the charge of the electric battery (30) is above the charge threshold value and to send the single torque command via the communication network (13) to the electric machine (20).,

3. Main electronic control unit (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, the vehicle (1) comprising a mechanical gearbox (50) connected to the thermal engine (40), the main electronic control unit (12) being configured to receive via the communication network (13) the gear ratio (53) engaged on said mechanical gearbox (50) and to include in the memory area different minimum speed values corresponding to the at least one gear ratio (53) engaged on the mechanical gearbox (50).

4. Main electronic control unit (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, said main electronic control unit (12) being configured to receive via the communication network (13) the performances of the electric machine (20) measured by said electric machine (20) and to compare the torque command with the maximum performances of the electric machine (20) and to send via the communication network (13) a complementary torque command to the thermal engine (40) when the command is greater than the performances of the electric machine (20) even if the measured speed is lower than the minimum speed recorded.

5. Torque control method implemented by a main electronic control unit (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of: - receiving (E2) a torque command, - receiving (E3) the speed of the vehicle (1) measured by the speed measurement module (14), - comparing (E6) the received speed of the vehicle (1) with the stored minimum speed value corresponding to the gear ratio (53) engaged, - generating (E7), if the received speed of the vehicle (1) is lower than the stored minimum speed value, a single torque command and sending (E8) the single torque command to the electric machine (20), - generating (E7**), if the received speed of the vehicle (1) is higher than the stored minimum speed value, a torque command intended for the electric machine (20) and a torque command intended for the heat engine (40) and sending (E8**) the torque commands.

6. Computer program product characterized in that it comprises a set of program code instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, configure the processor(s) to implement a method according to the preceding claim.

7. Control system (10) for a hybrid vehicle (1), in particular for a two- or three-wheeled vehicle (1), said vehicle (1) comprising said control system (10), an electric machine (20) and a heat engine (40), said control system (10) comprising a control handle (11), a main electronic control unit (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a speed measurement module (14) configured to measure the speed of the vehicle (1) and a communication network (13).

8. Vehicle (1) with a hybrid engine, in particular two or three wheels, comprising a control system (10) according to the preceding claim, an electric machine (20), a heat engine (40) and a mechanical gearbox (50) connected to the heat engine (40).

9. Vehicle (1) with hybrid engine according to the preceding claim, in which the mechanical gearbox (50) is connected to the thermal engine (40) by a centrifugal clutch (51).

10. Torque control method implemented by a vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 7 and 8, comprising the steps of: - generation (E1), by the user, of an acceleration request by activation of the control handle (11), - reception (E2), by the main electronic control unit (12), of the generated acceleration request, - reception (E3), by the main electronic control unit (12), of a value of the speed of the vehicle (1) measured by the speed measurement module (14), - comparison (E6), by the main electronic control unit (12), of the received speed of the vehicle (1) with the stored minimum speed value corresponding to the gear ratio (53) engaged, - generation (E7), if the received speed of the vehicle (1) is lower than the stored minimum speed value, of a single torque command intended for the electric machine (20),sending (E9) said single torque command to the electric machine (20) via the communication network (13), receiving and implementing (E10) the single torque command by the electric machine (20) and accelerating (El 1) the vehicle (1) by the electric machine (20), - generation (E7**), if the received speed of the vehicle (1) is greater than the stored minimum speed value, of a torque command intended for the electric machine (20) and of a complementary torque command intended for the thermal engine (40), sending (E8**) of said torque commands to the electric machine (20) and to the thermal engine (40) via the communication network (13), reception (E9**) and implementation of the torque commands by the electric machine (20) and the thermal engine (40) and acceleration (E10**) of the vehicle (1) by the electric machine (20) and the thermal engine (40).

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