A low-mass electrical energy receiving element, an electrical energy transfer system, and a flying vehicle comprising such an electrical energy receiving element.

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical energy receiving element (202) configured to receive electrical energy in the form of a magnetic field from an electrical energy emitting element, comprising a coil (208), a ferromagnetic element (210) and spacing means (230) for said coil (208) and said ferromagnetic element (210) made of electrically non-conductive and non-magnetic material and configured to maintain a predefined spacing between said coil (208) and said ferromagnetic element (210).These spacing methods allow the magnetic flux received by the coil to be constrained by the ferromagnetic element, thereby reducing the number of ferrite units constituting the ferromagnetic element and thus lightening the electrical energy receiving element. Figure 3.

Description

Title of the invention: Low-mass electrical energy receiving element, Electrical energy transfer system, and Flying vehicle comprising such an electrical energy receiving element. Technical field

[0001] This application relates to wireless power transfer using a wireless power transfer system comprising a ground-embedded power transmitter and an onboard power receiver in a flying vehicle. PRIOR TECHNOLOGY

[0002] In order to reduce CO2 emissions and noise pollution in airport areas, electric motors can be placed at the level of the landing gear of an aircraft (for example: nose landing gear of the aircraft, and main landing gear), in order to carry out all the operational phases taking place on the taxiways of aircraft in electric mode.

[0003] In order to power the batteries of these electric motors, wireless electrical power transfer systems have been developed. Figure 1 schematically illustrates a front view of an example of a wireless electrical power transfer system. This wireless electrical power transfer system 100 comprises: an electrical power receiver element 102 mounted in a flying vehicle, such as an eVTOL (electric vertical take-off and landing) vehicle or an aircraft, and an electrical power transmitter element 104 integrated into the ground of the taxiways.The electrical energy-emitting element 104 is configured to transfer electrical power in the form of a magnetic field to the electrical energy-receiving element 102 when the latter is positioned opposite said electrical energy-emitting element 104, at a coupling distance 114 less than or equal to a predetermined distance. For example, the coupling distance 114 is on the order of 250 mm for such an electrical energy transfer system 100. The electrical energy-receiving element 102 then converts the electrical power received from the electrical energy-emitting element 104 and transmits this converted electrical power to the batteries powering the electric motors (not shown in [Fig. 1]).

[0004] The electrical energy emitter element 104 and the electrical energy receiver element 102 comprise several components such as: a housing 106, 116 in which coils 108, 118 are inserted, a ferromagnetic element 110, 120, and an aluminum plate 112, 122, an electronic element having an electrical shielding function. The coupling distance 114 is defined as the distance between the coils 108, 118 allowing the transfer of electrical energy from the coil 118 of the electrical energy emitter element 104 to the coil 108 of the electrical energy receiver element 102.

[0005] This ferromagnetic element 110 is used so that the magnetic field generated by the electrical energy emitting element 104 can close around the coils 108 of the electrical energy receiving element 102. It is thus possible to constrain the magnetic field generated by the electrical energy emitting element 104, to limit the losses of magnetic energy, and to increase the magnetic field coupled to the coils 108.

[0006] This ferromagnetic element 110 is generally composed of ferrites, for example in the form of parallelepiped tiles placed side by side. The ferrites have a high mass density which represents about one-third of the total mass of the electrical energy receiving element 102 carried in the flying vehicle.

[0007] It is desirable to overcome this drawback of the prior art, and in particular to provide a solution which makes it possible to reduce the weight of the electrical energy receiving element without disturbing the induced magnetic field circulating in this electrical energy receiving element. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present invention aims to provide a solution enabling a reduction in the weight of the electrical energy receiving element, while maintaining the electrical power transfer properties of the electrical energy transfer system comprising it.

[0009] To this end, the invention relates to an electrical energy receiving element configured to cooperate with an electrical energy emitting element such that the electrical energy receiving element and the electrical energy emitting element form an electrical energy transfer system designed to allow the transfer of electrical energy in the form of a magnetic field from the electrical energy emitting element to the electrical energy receiving element, said electrical energy receiving element comprising at least one coil and at least one ferromagnetic element.

[0010] According to the invention, the electrical energy receiving element also comprises means for spacing said at least one coil and said at least one element ferromagnetic elements made of non-electrically and non-magnetically conductive material and configured to maintain a predefined spacing between said at least one coil and said at least one ferromagnetic element.

[0011] Advantageously, such an electrical energy receiving element has a reduced mass compared to an electrical energy receiving element according to the prior art.

[0012] According to another feature, the spacing means are regularly distributed between said at least one coil and said at least one ferromagnetic element.

[0013] According to another feature, the spacing means are made of acrylic material, ceramic, polytetrafluoroethylene, and / or polyetheretherketone.

[0014] According to another feature, the spacing means are configured to maintain a non-uniform spacing between said at least one coil and said at least one ferromagnetic element. This advantageously allows for better shaping of the magnetic field between said coil and said ferromagnetic element, better distribution of the magnetic field flux density in the ferromagnetic element, and minimization of magnetic field leakage between said coil and said ferromagnetic element.

[0015] According to another feature, the spacing means include means for cooling said at least one coil and said at least one ferromagnetic element.

[0016] According to another feature, the spacing means take the form of a plate, and the cooling means take the form of channels cut into said plate in which a cooling fluid circulates.

[0017] According to another characteristic, the cooling fluid is a coolant liquid or air.

[0018] According to another feature, the spacing means comprise at least one longitudinal bar with a thickness between 2 mm and 10 mm.

[0019] According to another feature, the electrical energy receiving element also comprises a first support on which at least one ferromagnetic element is arranged, and a second support on which at least one coil is arranged. According to this feature, the spacing means comprise at least first and second protrusions, said first support having at least one first orifice of a shape complementary to said at least one first protrusion of the spacing means, said second support having at least one second orifice of a shape complementary to said at least one second protrusion of the spacing means. According to this feature, at least one first protrusion of the spacing means is configured to cooperate with at least one first orifice of said first support and at least one second protrusion of the means The spacing is configured to cooperate with at least one second orifice of said second support.

[0020] According to another feature, the electrical energy receiving element also comprises a first support on which at least one ferromagnetic element is arranged, said first support having at least one first protrusion, and a second support on which at least one coil is arranged, said second support having at least one second protrusion. According to this feature, the spacing means comprise at least one first orifice of a shape complementary to said at least one first protrusion of the first support and at least one second orifice of a shape complementary to said at least one second protrusion of the second support, the at least one first protrusion of the first support being configured to cooperate with the at least one first orifice of the spacing means and the at least one second protrusion of the second support being configured to cooperate with the at least one second orifice of the spacing means.

[0021] According to another feature, at least a first protrusion is mounted tightly in at least a first orifice and at least a second protrusion is mounted tightly in at least a second orifice.

[0022] The invention also relates to an electrical energy transfer system comprising an electrical energy emitting element and an electrical energy receiving element according to the invention, said electrical energy transfer system being designed to allow the transfer of electrical energy in the form of a magnetic field from the electrical energy emitting element to the electrical energy receiving element when said electrical energy receiving element is at a coupling distance of said electrical energy emitting element less than or equal to 50 mm.

[0023] The invention also relates to a flying vehicle comprising at least one rechargeable battery and an electrical energy receiving element according to the invention. Brief description of the drawings

[0024] Other features and advantages will become apparent from the following description of the invention, given by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, among which:

[0025] [Fig-1] is a schematic cross-sectional view of an energy transfer system electric, which illustrates a method of realizing earlier art,

[0026] [Fig.2] is a schematic cross-sectional view of an energy transfer system electric, which illustrates one embodiment of the invention,

[0027] [Fig.3] is a schematic perspective and exploded view of an electrical energy receiving element of an electrical energy transfer system, which illustrates one embodiment of the invention,

[0028] [Fig.4] is a schematic perspective view of means for spacing an electrical energy receiving element of an electrical energy transfer system, which illustrates one embodiment of the invention,

[0029] [Fig.5] is a schematic perspective view of means for spacing an electrical energy receiving element of an electrical energy transfer system, which illustrates another embodiment of the invention,

[0030] [Fig.6] is a schematic perspective view of means for spacing an electrical energy receiving element of an electrical energy transfer system, which illustrates another embodiment of the invention,

[0031] [Fig.7] is a schematic perspective view of means for spacing an electrical energy receiving element of an electrical energy transfer system, which illustrates another embodiment of the invention,

[0032] [Fig.8] is a schematic perspective view of means for spacing an electrical energy receiving element of an electrical energy transfer system, which illustrates another embodiment of the invention,

[0033] [Fig.9] is a schematic perspective view of means for spacing an electrical energy receiving element of an electrical energy transfer system, which illustrates another embodiment of the invention, and

[0034] [Fig. 10] is a schematic side view of a flying vehicle equipped with rechargeable batteries and an electric charging base, which illustrates one embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0035] Figure 2 represents a wireless electrical power transfer system. The electrical power transfer system 200 comprises an electrical power receiver element 202 mounted in a flying vehicle and an electrical power transmitter element 204 embedded in the runway floor. The electrical power transmitter element 204 is configured to transfer electrical power in the form of a magnetic field to the electrical power receiver element 202 when the latter is positioned opposite said electrical power transmitter element 204, at a coupling distance 214 less than or equal to a predetermined distance. The coupling distance 214 for this electrical power transfer system is less than the coupling distance of an electrical power transfer system according to the prior art. In other words, the electrical power transmitter element 204 and the electrical power receiver element 202 must be closer to each other. compared to a prior art electrical power transfer system, so that electrical power transfer can occur correctly and efficiently between these elements. Indeed, beyond this coupling distance, the transfer of electrical power from the electrical power-emitting element 204 to the electrical power-receiving element 202 is less efficient. For example, the coupling distance for this electrical power transfer system 200 is at least three times, preferably at least four times, or even five times, compared to the coupling distance of a prior art electrical power transfer system. For example, the electrical power-receiving element 202 is at a coupling distance from the electrical power-emitting element 204 of 50 mm or less.The electrical energy receiving element 202 then converts the electrical power received from the electrical energy transmitting element 204 and transmits this converted electrical power to rechargeable batteries powering the electric motors of the flying vehicle, such as the eVTOL vehicle or aircraft (not shown in [Fig.2]).

[0036] The electrical energy emitting element 204 comprises a housing 216 in which are arranged at least one coil 218 (here two coils, in the shape of a “double D”), at least one ferromagnetic element 220 and an aluminum plate 222 having an electrical shielding function.

[0037] The electrical energy receiving element 202, shown in particular in [Fig. 3], comprises a housing 206 in which at least one coil 208 and at least one ferromagnetic element 210 are arranged. The ferromagnetic element 210 is arranged so that the magnetic field generated by the electrical energy emitting element 204 can close around the coils 208 of the electrical energy receiving element 202. It is thus possible to constrain the magnetic field generated by the electrical energy emitting element 204 and to limit magnetic energy losses. The ferromagnetic element 210 is composed of ferrites 240, for example in the form of parallelepiped tiles placed side by side (as shown in [Fig. 3]).

[0038] The electrical energy receiving element 202 also includes spacing means 230 for the coil 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210. These spacing means 230 are configured to allow and maintain a predefined spacing between the coils 208 and the ferrites 240. In one configuration, these spacing means 230 are configured to maintain a constant, i.e., uniform, spacing between the coils 208 and the ferrites 240. In another configuration, these spacing means 230 are configured to maintain a variable, i.e., non-uniform, spacing between the coils 208 and the ferrites 240. A non-uniform spacing between the coils 208 and the ferrites 240 advantageously allows for better shaping of the magnetic field between the coils 208 and the ferrites 240, a better distribution of the magnetic field flux density in the ferrites 240, and also for minimizing magnetic field leakage between said coils 208 and said ferrites 240. These spacing means 230 are therefore configured to improve (uniform) the distribution of the magnetic field in the ferrites 240. For example, the spacing means 230 may be non-planar, and / or have a thickness that varies along the surface of the electrical energy receiving element 202. These spacing means 230 are made of a non-electrically conductive and non-magnetic material, in particular a solid structural material, for example acrylic, and / or ceramic, and / or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and / or polyetheretherketone (PEEK).Advantageously, such spacing means are lightweight, representing less than 5% of the weight of the electrical energy receiving element 202. These spacing means are regularly distributed over the surface of the electrical energy receiving element 202, between the coils 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210. This advantageously allows the weight of the ferromagnetic element 210 to be distributed uniformly over the surface of the electrical energy receiving element 202, and prevents bending of the spacing means 230, and thus prevents the coils 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210 from coming locally close to each other, and consequently guarantees a predefined (desired) spacing between the coils 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210.

[0039] In particular, the predefined spacing between the coils 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210 takes the form of channels. These channels, created in the free space between the coil(s) 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210, and partitioned using the spacing means 230, can be used as cooling channels. These cooling channels can be traversed by a coolant or air to remove heat from the coil(s) 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210. Alternatively, these cooling channels can be traversed by a phase-change material configured to change phase by absorbing the thermal energy dissipated by the coil(s) 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210.

[0040] Since the electrical energy emitting element 204 and the electrical energy receiving element 202 are close to each other, during an electrical power transfer, the magnetic flux emitted by the coils of the electrical energy emitting element 204 is sufficiently constrained to close around the coils 208 of the electrical energy receiving element 202. The distance of the ferrites 240 from the coils 208 in the electrical energy receiving element 202 helps to limit iron losses (generated by eddy currents) and the effect of hysteresis) in the said ferrites 240 and therefore the emission of heat. There is then a natural convection of the heat emitted by the ferromagnetic element 210 into the electrical energy receiving element 202. The ferrites 240 thus act as shielding.

[0041] The spacing of the coils 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210 in the electrical energy receiving element 202 makes it possible to reduce the number of ferrites 240 compared to an electrical energy receiving element according to the prior art. Indeed, when the electrical energy receiving element 202 is sufficiently close to the electrical energy emitting element 204 (reduced coupling distance compared to an electrical energy transfer system according to the prior art), the magnetic flux generated by the coil 218 of the electrical energy emitting element 204 is sufficiently constrained by the ferrites 240 (which are kept away from the coils 208 by the spacing means 230) of the electrical energy receiving element 202. This reduction in the number of ferrites compared to an electrical energy receiving element of the prior art makes it possible to reduce the weight of the electrical energy receiving element, which is carried in the flying vehicle.

[0042] According to one embodiment (not shown in the Figures), the electrical energy receiving element 202 also includes an aluminum plate having an electrical shielding function.

[0043] Figure 3 represents a portion of an electrical energy receiving element 202, and more precisely, half of an electrical energy receiving element 202. Each portion of the electrical energy receiving element 202 comprises a ferromagnetic element 210, consisting of a plurality of parallelepiped-shaped ferrites 240. In Figure 3, the ferromagnetic element 210 comprises twenty-four ferrites arranged around a central orifice 242. Of course, the number of ferrites in the electrical energy receiving element 202 may vary, and they may be arranged differently. For information purposes, such a ferromagnetic element 210 measures approximately 10 cm on each side, with a thickness of approximately 5 mm, and a mass of between 4.5 kg and 6.0 kg.

[0044] The electrical energy receiving element 202 also includes a support 244 for receiving the ferrites 240. The support 244 is parallelepiped in shape and has a central opening 246. The support 244 has an upper face F244s on which the ferrites 240 rest, a lower face F244i positioned opposite the coil 208, and peripheral edges B244 joining the upper face F244s and lower face F244i of the support 244 and defining a thickness E244 of the support 244 between the upper face F244s and lower face F244i of the support 244. The support 244 is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam with a density of approximately 600 kg / m³. Such a 244 support has a mass between 700 g and 1.0 kg.

[0045] The coil 208 of the electrical energy receiving element 202 is wound in the shape of a rectangle with rounded corners around a central orifice 212. The coil 208 thus has overall the shape of a “D”.

[0046] The electrical energy receiving element 202 also includes a support 250 for receiving the coil 208. This support 250 has a generally parallelepiped shape and is provided with a central opening 252. The support 250 has an upper face F250s on which the coil 208 rests, a lower face F250i, and peripheral edges B250 joining the upper face F250s and lower face F250i of the support 250 and defining a thickness E250 of the support 250 between the upper face F250s and lower face F250i of the support 250. The support 250 includes a receiving area 254 for the coil 208, with a shape complementary to the shape of the coil 208, here rectangular with rounded corners, cut into the support 250 from an upper face F250s of the support 250. in the thickness E250 of the support 250. Thus, the coil 208 is inserted into the receiving area 254, and does not protrude beyond the upper face F250s of the support 250.Such a 250 support has a mass between 1.0 kg and 2.0 kg, for a reel with a mass between 2.0 kg and 3.0 kg.

[0047] The electrical energy receiving element 202 also includes spacing means 230 arranged between the coil 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210, and more specifically between the support 250 supporting the coil 208 and the support 244 supporting the ferromagnetic element 210. The spacing means 230, shown more specifically in [Fig. 4], are in the form of longitudinal bars 232 extending longitudinally along a peripheral edge B244 of the support 244 (or a peripheral edge B250 of the support 250) between first and second ends 232e1, 232e2. A longitudinal bar 232 here has a square cross-section, but could of course have a cross-section of any other shape, and in particular a polygonal, circular, or oval cross-section.A longitudinal bar 232 has an upper face F232s arranged opposite the support 244, a lower face F232i arranged opposite the support 250, and peripheral edges B232 (or lateral edges) connecting the upper face F232s and lower face F232i and defining a thickness E232 between the upper face F232s and lower face F232i of the longitudinal bar 232. The thickness E232 is between 2 mm and 10 mm, in order to optimally constrain the magnetic flux of the coil 218 of the electrical energy-emitting element 204 by means of the ferromagnetic element 210 of the electrical energy-receiving element 202. In particular, the thickness E232 of a longitudinal bar 232 is adjusted according to the mass of the ferromagnetic element 210 of the electrical energy-receiving element 202. and therefore the mass of the 240 ferrites to be supported. Each longitudinal bar. 232 has upper protrusions 234 which extend from the longitudinal bar 232 towards the support 244. The upper protrusions 234 are arranged at the ends 232e1, 232e2 of the longitudinal bar 232. Of course, the upper protrusions 234 can be arranged at a distance from the ends 232e1, 232e2 of the longitudinal bar 232, as shown in [Fig. 5]. Each longitudinal bar 232 has lower protrusions 236 which extend from the longitudinal bar 232 towards the support 250. The lower protrusions 236 are arranged at a distance from the ends 232e1, 232e2 of the longitudinal bar 232. Of course, the lower protrusions 236 can be arranged at the ends 232e1, 232e2 of the longitudinal bar 232, as shown in [Fig. 5].In these Figures, two upper protrusions 234 and two lower protrusions 236 are shown, but the spacing means 230 can of course include at least one upper protrusion 234 and at least one lower protrusion 236 or more than two upper protrusions 234 and lower protrusions 236. In [Fig. 3], the spacing means 230 include four longitudinal bars 232, but can of course include more or fewer than four longitudinal bars 232, depending on the configuration of the coil 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210. Such spacing means 230 have a mass between 300 g and 500 g.

[0048] In addition, the support 244 is provided with orifices 248 whose shape complements the upper protrusions 234 of the spacing means 230. The orifices 248 extend along the lower face F244i of the support 244 and are cut into the thickness E244 of the support 244, from the lower face F244i towards the upper face F244s. The upper protrusions 234 of the spacing means 230 are configured to cooperate with the orifices 248 of the support 244 once the assembly of the electrical energy receiving element 202 has been completed. In particular, the upper protrusions 234 of the spacing means 230 are mounted tightly (i.e. are fitted) in the complementary orifices 248 of the support 244 supporting the ferrites 240.

[0049] In addition, the support 250 is provided with orifices 258 whose shape complements the lower protrusions 236 of the spacing means 230. The orifices 258 extend along the upper face F250s of the support 250 and are cut into the thickness E250 of the support 250, from the upper face F250s towards the lower face F250i. The lower protrusions 236 of the spacing means 230 are configured to cooperate with the orifices 258 of the support 250 once the assembly of the electrical energy receiving element 202 has been completed. In particular, the lower protrusions 236 of the spacing means 230 are mounted tightly (i.e. are fitted) in the complementary orifices 258 of the support 250 supporting the coil 208.

[0050] With regard to [Fig.6], the spacing means 230 may comprise a set of two longitudinal bars 232 connected by at least one reinforcing element 238 extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal bars 232. This configuration of the spacing means 230 advantageously reduces the number of parts required for the assembly of the electrical energy receiving element, and strengthens the spacing means 230, to prevent bending of said spacing means 230 under the weight of the ferrites 240.

[0051] With regard to [Fig.7], the spacing means 230 may comprise a set of four longitudinal bars 232 connected by reinforcing elements 238 extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal bars 232. This configuration of the spacing means 230 advantageously reduces the number of parts required for the assembly of the electrical energy receiving element, and strengthens the spacing means 230, to prevent bending of said spacing means 230 under the weight of the ferrites 240.

[0052] The reinforcement element(s) 238 may have upper and / or lower protrusions (not shown in [Fig.6] and [Fig.7]) configured to cooperate with complementary orifices respectively present on the lower face F244i of the support 244 and on the upper face F250s of the support 250.

[0053] Figure 8 presents an alternative to the spacing means shown in Figures 3-7. The support 244 is provided with lower protrusions 348 extending from the lower face F244i of the support 244 in the direction of the spacing means 230. The support 250 is provided with upper protrusions 358 extending from the upper face F250s of the support 250 in the direction of the spacing means 230. The spacing means 230 are in the form of longitudinal bars 332 extending longitudinally along a peripheral edge B244 of the support 244 (or a peripheral edge B250 of the support 250) between first and second ends 332e1, 332e2. A longitudinal bar 332 here has a square section, but could of course have a section of any other shape, and in particular a polygonal, circular or oval section.Such a longitudinal bar 332 may also have a thinned section at a distance from its ends 332e1, 332e2, in order to lighten the spacing means 230. A longitudinal bar 332 has an upper face F332s arranged opposite the support 244, a lower face F332i arranged opposite the support 250, as well as peripheral edges B332 (or lateral edges) connecting the upper face F332s and lower face F332i and defining a thickness E332 between the upper face F332s and lower face F332i of the longitudinal bar 332. Each longitudinal bar 332 has openings 334 of complementary shape to the lower protrusions 348 of the support 244 and openings 336 of complementary shape to the upper protrusions 358. of the support 250. The orifices 334 extend along the upper face F332s of the longitudinal bar 332 and are cut into the thickness E332 of the longitudinal bar 332, from the upper face F332s towards the lower face F332i. The lower protrusions 348 of the support 244 are configured to cooperate with the orifices 334 of the longitudinal bar 332 once the assembly of the electrical energy receiving element 202 has been completed. In particular, the lower protrusions 348 of the support 244 are tightly mounted (i.e., fitted) in the complementary holes 334 of the longitudinal bar 332. The holes 334 are arranged at the ends 332e1, 332e2 of the longitudinal bar 332. Of course, the holes 334 can be arranged at a distance from the ends 332e1, 332e2 of the longitudinal bar 332, depending on the location of the lower protrusions 348 of the support 244.The orifices 336 extend along the lower face F332i of the longitudinal bar 332 and are cut into the thickness E332 of the longitudinal bar 332, from the lower face F332i towards the upper face F332s. The lower protrusions 358 of the support 250 are configured to cooperate with the orifices 336 of the longitudinal bar 332 once the assembly of the electrical energy receiving element 202 is complete. In particular, the upper protrusions 358 of the support 250 are tightly mounted (i.e., fitted) in the complementary orifices 336 of the longitudinal bar 332. The orifices 336 are arranged at a distance from the ends 332e1, 332e2 of the longitudinal bar 332. Of course, the orifices 336 can be arranged at the ends 332e1, 332e2 of the longitudinal bar 332, depending on the location of the upper protrusions 358 of the support 250.

[0054] The spacing means 230 are, of course, not limited to the forms described and illustrated herein. In particular, the spacing means 230 may be in the form of a solid or hollow plate having substantially the same shape and dimensions as the ferromagnetic element 210 (or the support 244, or the support 250), and have a thickness of between 2 mm and 10 mm, in order to maintain a predetermined spacing between the coils 208 and the ferrites 240. In order to lighten the electrical energy receiving system 202, the spacing means 230 may have thinned portions or indentations. The spacing means 230 may be in the form of pads arranged between the coil 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210.

[0055] The spacing means 230 may also have conduits 260 for dissipating the heat emitted by the ferromagnetic element or the coils, depending on the electrical energy receiving element 202. In particular, the spacing means 230 have a cooling function for the coil 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210. The space defined between the spacing means 230 and the coil 208, as well as the space defined between the spacing means 230 and the element The spacers 210 are configured to allow cooling of the coil 208 and the ferromagnetic element 210. Convection cooling can occur in these spaces, or a cooling fluid can circulate within them. This cooling fluid can be a coolant, forced-circulation air, or a phase-change material. The shape of the spacers 230 defines channels between the coil 208, the ferromagnetic element 210, and the spacers 230, through which a cooling fluid can circulate. As shown in [Fig. 9], the spacers 230 can include cooling means in the form of one or more cooling channels 260 configured to carry a cooling fluid, such as a coolant or air.The spacing means 230 take the form of a plate 262 and the cooling channels 260 are cut into the thickness E262 of the plate 262. The cooling channel(s) 260 may be straight and pass through the plate 262, or be serpentine and run through the inside of the plate 262 so that the cooling fluid circulates over at least 20%, and preferably at least 50%, of the surface S262 of the plate 262. A single cooling channel 260 may be cut into the plate 262, and occupy at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, of the surface S262 of the plate 262.

[0056] Figure 10 represents an application of the invention, and more specifically an eVTOL flying vehicle 400 comprising at least one rechargeable battery 402, a control system 404 configured to regulate the charging of the rechargeable battery 402, and an electrical energy receiver system 202 connected to the control system 404. An electrical charging base 410, configured to recharge the rechargeable battery 402 of the flying vehicle 400, comprises an electrical energy transmitter system 204 connected to an electrical energy source 412 (whether or not incorporated into the electrical charging base 410). According to this application, during the transfer of electrical energy, the gap 114 corresponds to the coupling distance of the electrical energy transmitter and receiver systems and is less than or equal to 50 mm. Of course, the invention is not limited to this application.

Claims

Demands

1. Electrical energy receiving element (202) configured to cooperate with an electrical energy emitting element (204) such that the electrical energy receiving element (202) and the electrical energy emitting element (204) form an electrical energy transfer system (200) designed to permit the transfer of electrical energy in the form of a magnetic field from the electrical energy emitting element (204) to the electrical energy receiving element (202), said electrical energy receiving element (202) comprising at least one coil (208) and at least one ferromagnetic element (210),characterized in that said electrical energy receiving element (202) also comprises spacing means (230) for said at least one coil (208) and said at least one ferromagnetic element (210) made of electrically non-conductive and non-magnetic material and configured to maintain a predefined spacing between said at least one coil (208) and said at least one ferromagnetic element (210).

2. Electrical energy receiving element (202) according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacing means (230) are regularly distributed between said at least one coil (208) and said at least one ferromagnetic element (210).

3. Electrical energy receiving element (202) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the spacing means (230) are made of acrylic material, ceramic, polytetrafluoroethylene, and / or polyetheretherketone.

4. Electrical energy receiving element (202) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spacing means (230) are configured to maintain a non-uniform spacing between said at least one coil (208) and said at least one ferromagnetic element (210).

5. Electrical energy receiving element (202) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spacing means (230) comprise means for cooling said at least one coil (208) and said at least one ferromagnetic element (210).

6. Electrical energy receiving element (202) according to claim 5, characterized in that the spacing means (230) take the in the form of a plate (262), and in that the cooling means take the form of channels (260) cut into said plate (262) in which a cooling fluid circulates.

7. Electrical energy receiving element (202) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the spacing means (230) comprise at least one longitudinal bar (232, 332) of thickness between 2 mm and 10 mm.

8. Electrical energy receiving element (202) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said electrical energy receiving element (202) also comprises a first support (244) on which is arranged at least one ferromagnetic element (210), and a second support (250) on which is arranged at least one coil (208), in that the spacing means (230) comprise at least first and second protrusions (234, 236), in that said first support (244) comprises at least one first orifice (248) of a shape complementary to said at least one first protrusion (234) of the spacing means (230), in that said second support (250) comprises at least one second orifice (258) of a shape complementary to said at least one second protrusion (236) of the spacing means (230),and in that at least a first protrusion (234) of the spacing means (230) is configured to cooperate with at least a first orifice (248) of said first support (244) and at least a second protrusion (236) of the spacing means (230) is configured to cooperate with at least a second orifice (258) of said second support (250).

9. Electrical energy receiving element (202) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said electrical energy receiving element (202) also comprises a first support (244) on which is arranged at least one ferromagnetic element (210), said first support (244) having at least one first protrusion (348), and a second support (250) on which is arranged at least one coil (208), said second support (250) having at least one second protrusion (358), in that the spacing means (230) comprise at least one first orifice (334) of a shape complementary to said at least one first protrusion (348) of the first support (244) and at least one second orifice (336) of a shape complementary to said at least a second protrusion (358) of the second support (250), and in that at least a first protrusion (348) of the first support (244) is configured to cooperate with at least a first orifice (334) of the spacing means (230) and at least a second protrusion (358) of the second support (250) is configured to cooperate with at least a second orifice (336) of the spacing means (230).

10. Electrical energy receiving element (202) according to any one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that at least one first protrusion (234, 348) is mounted tightly in at least one first orifice (248, 334) and at least one second protrusion (236, 358) is mounted tightly in at least one second orifice (258, 336).

11. Electrical energy transfer system (200) comprising an electrical energy emitting element (204) and an electrical energy receiving element (202) according to any one of the preceding claims, said electrical energy transfer system (200) being designed to permit the transfer of electrical energy in the form of a magnetic field from the electrical energy emitting element (204) to the electrical energy receiving element (202) when said electrical energy receiving element (202) is at a coupling distance from said electrical energy emitting element (204) less than or equal to 50 mm.

12. Flying vehicle (400) comprising at least one rechargeable battery (402) and an electrical energy receiving element (202) according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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