Multi-range antenna system for next-generation wireless applications

Abstract

A combined microwave and mmWave antenna 500 comprises a conductive ground plane 504 having an L-shaped cutout portion, a first radiating element 502 disposed in the L-shaped cutout and spaced from edg

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular relates to a device including a 5th generation (5G) antenna integration module. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] In recent years, the necessity for the transmission and reception of multimedia data at higher speeds has become paramount. This heightened demand has led to the development and deployment of the fifth generation (5G) communication systems by several countries. To accommodate the needs of high data transfer and low latency, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allocated various frequencies for 5G applications. This includes the 3.5 GHz as a sub-6 GHz range and multiple bands in the millimetre-wave (mm-Wave) range, such as 24-30, 37, 39, and 64-71 GHz.

[0003] As cellular communication systems advance, there is a notable shift towards higher frequencies like mm-wave to leverage the wider bandwidth and, consequently, achieve greater data rates. However, while mm-wave antennas promise higher data rate transmissions, they also face considerable propagation losses, especially when compared to their lower frequency (sub-6 GHz) counterparts.

[0004] Parallel to these advancements, the complexity of electronic devices has surged, while their physical size continues to shrink. Modern portable communication devices often employ multiple antennas to cater to various wireless networks and bandwidths. However, housing multiple antennas in a single device presents challenges. To prevent interference or antenna coupling, these antennas must be adequately spaced or isolated from each other. Additionally, the material composition of many electronic device enclosures can obstruct wireless signal transmission. This has led to the inclusion of apertures or openings in these enclosures to facilitate antenna operation. Yet, as the number of antennas increases, managing multiple apertures becomes increasingly intricate.

[0005] The advancement of communication technologies necessitates the integration of multiple functionalities into compact electronic devices, which often face spatial constraints for mounting various components. In this context, the design and placement of antennas within these devices become critically important. Traditional antennas, which operate within the Sub-6 GHz frequency bands (used for LTE, Wi-Fi, GPS, Bluetooth, etc.), and the newer 5G antennas designed for mmWave) signals, both require consideration. These 5G antennas, essential for supporting high-frequency applications above 6 GHz, typically employ beamforming technology through array antennas to enhance signal directionality and integrity. The beamforming technology improves signal directionality and integrity through the use of array antennas, which consist of multiple antenna elements arranged in a specific pattern. While this arrangement is effective, it also increases the physical size of the antenna modules. The integration of both microwave antennas (for Sub-6 GHz frequencies) and mmWave antennas within the same device poses a significant design challenge, as it necessitates the coexistence of multiple, complex antenna systems within a limited space. This spatial limitation often forces a compromise between the antenna size, its configuration, and ultimately, the performance of the communication device.

[0006] Also, when incorporating antennas into certain devices, like laptops, designers face added challenges. These arise from the internal components of the device, its chassis, and potential interference sources. Consequently, meticulous attention to the antenna placement, orientation, and design becomes crucial to guarantee efficient functioning.

[0007] It is imperative to recognize that the evolution of 5G and future communication systems continually propels innovation in antenna design and integration. These systems often necessitate support for diverse bands and elevated data rates. As technological advancements unfold, the industry is poised to witness the emergence of even more refined and space-efficient antenna solutions.

[0008] This background underscores the importance of developing an innovative antenna system that can effectively combine the functionalities of both microwave and mmWave antennas into a unified, compact module. Such a system would not only conserve space but also ensure that the device can operate across a broad range of frequencies without compromising on performance. The present invention aims to address these challenges by providing a combined antenna system that supports both traditional and high-frequency communications within the constraints of modern electronic devices. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0009] Viewed from a first aspect, there is provided a combined microwave and mmWave antenna comprising a conductive ground plane with an L-shaped cutout portion, a first radiating element disposed in the L-shaped cutout portion and spaced from edges of the conductive ground plane by a dielectric gap, and a second radiating element disposed in a plane spaced from a plane of the conductive ground plane and the first radiating element, wherein the second radiating element overlaps the first radiating element, and wherein one of the first and second radiating elements is configured for microwave operation and wherein the other of the first and second radiating elements is configured for mm Wave operation.

[0010] The second radiating element and the conductive ground plane may be coupled to each other at a first feed point.

[0011] The second radiating element and the first radiating element may be coupled to each other at a second feed point.

[0012] The second radiating element may be coupled to the conductive ground plane by a switch element, optionally wherein the switch element comprises at least one of: a capacitor, a proximity sensor, a switch, an inductor, a resistor, and combinations thereof.

[0013] The second radiating element may be coupled to the conductive ground plane by a tuning element, wherein the tuning element comprises at least one of: a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor, a conductor, and combinations thereof.

[0014] The tuning element may be located closer to the first feed point than the switch element.

[0015] The first and second radiating elements may be plate or patch elements.

[0016] The first and second radiating elements may be of substantially the same size.

[0017] The second radiating element may be larger than the first radiating element.

[0018] At least one of the first and second radiating elements may be provided with slits or notches, optionally wherein the slits or notches extend through a full thickness of the respective radiating element and divide the radiating element into separate regions.

[0019] The first and second radiating elements may be angularly displaceable relative to each other. For example, the first radiating element may be in a first plane, and the second radiating element may be in a second plane, and the first and second planes may be adjustable so as to be either parallel or not parallel.

[0020] Viewed from a second aspect, there is provided a combined microwave and mmWave antenna comprising a conductive ground plane with an L-shaped cutout portion, a first radiating element disposed in the L-shaped cutout portion and spaced from edges of the conductive ground plane by a dielectric gap, and a second radiating element disposed on the first radiating element, wherein the first radiating element is a plate or patch element, and wherein the second radiating element is a mmWave radiating array disposed on a surface of the first radiating element.

[0021] The mmWave radiating array may be etched onto the surface of the first radiating element.

[0022] The first radiating element and the conductive ground plane may be coupled to each other at a first feed point.

[0023] The first radiating element may be provided with a heat sink, optionally wherein the heat sink is connected to the conductive ground plane.

[0024] The first radiating element may be coupled to the conductive ground plane by a switch element, optionally wherein the switch element comprises at least one of: a capacitor, a proximity sensor, a switch, an inductor, a resistor, and combinations thereof.

[0025] Viewed from a third aspect, there is provided a combined microwave and mmWave antenna comprising a conductive ground plane with an L-shaped cutout portion, a first radiating element disposed in the L-shaped cutout portion and spaced from edges of the conductive ground plane by a dielectric gap, a second radiating element disposed in a plane spaced from a plane of the conductive ground plane and the first radiating element, wherein the second radiating element overlaps the first radiating element, and a third radiating element disposed on the second radiating element, wherein the first and second radiating elements are plate or patch elements, and wherein the third radiating element is a mmWave radiating array disposed on a surface of the second radiating element.

[0026] The mmWave radiating array may be etched onto the surface of the second radiating element.

[0027] The second radiating element and the conductive ground plane may be coupled to each other at a first feed point.

[0028] The second radiating element and the first radiating element may be coupled to each other at a second feed point.

[0029] The second radiating element may be provided with a heat sink, optionally wherein the heat sink is connected to the conductive ground plane.

[0030] The second radiating element may be coupled to the conductive ground plane by a switch element, optionally wherein the switch element comprises at least one of: a capacitor, a proximity sensor, a switch, an inductor, a resistor, and combinations thereof.

[0031] The second radiating element may be coupled to the conductive ground plane by a tuning element, optionally wherein the tuning element comprises at least one of: a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor, a conductor, and combinations thereof.

[0032] The first and second radiating elements may be angularly displaceable relative to each other. For example, the first radiating element may be in a first plane, and the second radiating element may be in a second plane, and the first and second planes may be adjustable so as to be either parallel or not parallel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG.1 is a perspective view of a multirange antenna system, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; FIG.2 is a perspective view of a multirange antenna system, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; FIG.3 is a perspective view of a multirange antenna system, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; FIG.4 is a perspective view of multirange antenna system depicting two microwave antennas, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; FIG.5 is a perspective view of radiating elements, according to various embodiments of the disclosure; FIG.6 is a perspective view of a multirange antenna system depicting at least one microwave antenna and one mmWave antenna, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; FIG.7 is a perspective view of a multirange antenna system depicting two microwave antennas and one mmWave antenna, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; FIG.8 is a block diagram illustrating a multirange antenna system, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; FIG.9 is perspective view of an active Aux multirange antenna system, according to an embodiment of the disclosure; FIG. 10(a) shows the S-parameter of the multirange antenna system under microwave frequency in WiFi range; FIG. 10(b) shows the total efficiency of the multirange antenna system under microwave frequency in WiFi range; FIG. 11(a) shows the S-parameter of the multirange antenna system under microwave frequency in WWAN range; FIG. 11(b) shows the total efficiency of the multirange antenna system under microwave frequency in WWAN range; FIG. 12(a) shows the S-parameter of the multirange antenna system under microwave frequency in mmWave range; FIG. 12(b) shows the Isolations between two Sub-6GHz antennas; and FIG. 12(c) shows the Isolations between mmWave and two Sub-6GHz antennas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0034] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that, each of the embodiments described below is merely exemplary, and the present disclosure is not limited by these embodiments.

[0035] This invention proposes a novel approach by developing a combined antenna system that merges the functionalities of both microwave and mmWave antennas into a single, compact module. This unified antenna system not only conserves valuable device space but also ensures robust performance across a wide range of communication standards. By enabling devices to operate efficiently on both traditional and high-frequency bands, the antenna system enhances the capability of the device to handle diverse data transmission needs without compromising on speed or connectivity. This innovative approach is pivotal in overcoming the physical constraints of modern electronic devices while meeting the demands of next-generation communication technologies.

[0036] Referring to the drawings, there is illustrated an example of a compact multirange antenna system, that can be used in modern communication devices to support multiple frequencies and technologies like sub-6 GHz 5G and Wi-Fi. This setup might also employ technologies like Wireless wide area network (WWAN), MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output).

[0037] Fig. 1 exhibits the multirange antenna system which includes two radiating elements, a conductive plane, and two feed points. The multirange antenna system is characterized by the two radiating elements with configurable angular alignment, allowing for both parallel and non-parallel configurations. Additionally, the radiating elements may feature variable vertical divergence in certain segments, enhancing the operational flexibility and adaptability of the antenna in diverse environmental conditions. The top radiating element 101 may be coupled to a bottom radiating element 102 through feed point 105. The top radiating element 101 may be coupled to the conductive plane 103 through feed point 104. The bottom radiating element 102 is floating in a dielectric medium. The transmission lines may be connected to the radiating elements through the feed points.

[0038] The conductive plane 103 is a large metallic ground plane to provide a stable reference for the radiators and to enhance the directivity of the emitted signal. This conductive plane is essential for reflecting the radio waves and maintaining a stable operation of the antenna elements. The conductive plane 103 is at the bottom on the same plane as bottom radiating element 102. The conductive plane 103 may have an adjustable angular orientation to the two radiating elements. This arrangement in the multirange antenna system affects the antenna radiation pattern and impedance, improving the overall efficiency and performance. The radiating element 102 and conductive plane 103 can be coupled either directly or indirectly through various forms of external conductive materials to suit specific operational needs. A direct connection is utilized in environments where space is constrained or where minimizing interference from external elements is critical. For indirect connections, external conductive materials such as the metallic shield of a coaxial cable or a separate conducting wire can be employed.

[0039] According to an embodiment at least two radiating elements for multiple frequencies are designed to operate at different frequency bands. For instance, one might be optimized for a sub-6 GHz 5G frequency band, while the other could be optimized for Wi-Fi frequencies. This allows a single antenna system to support diverse communication standards and improve device connectivity capabilities.

[0040] According to an embodiment utilizing multiple radiating elements, each with its own feed points enables the MIMO technology, which increases the data throughput and link reliability without needing additional bandwidth or increased transmit power. MIMO does this by exploiting multiple spatial paths between the transmitter and the receiver. This is particularly beneficial in urban environments where reflective surfaces create multiple signal paths.

[0041] According to an embodiment the radiating element is a conductive layer that may be formed on a dielectric substrate. The conductive layer may include a metal trace, metal foil, stamped sheet metal, a conductive coating on the dielectric substrate, a conductive portion of housing, or any other desired conductive structure. The conductive layer may include, for example, copper, aluminium, stainless steel, silver, gold, nickel, tin, other metals or metal alloys, or any other desired conductive materials thereof, commonly used in laptop applications for space-saving and performance optimization.

[0042] According to an embodiment the multirange antenna system is designed to function at different frequency bands or polarizations, potentially enabling multi-band operation such as sub-6 GHz and 2.4 / 5 GHz for Wi-Fi. The radiating elements may have dimensions e.g., a particular shape, perimeter, and / or area) that support an antenna resonance within one or more desired frequency bands (e.g., for performing wireless communications in those frequency bands).

[0043] Fig. 2 exhibits a multirange antenna system incorporates one or more miniaturized RF switches 106, such as PIN diodes or RF MEMS, directly on the radiating element. These switches allow the system to select between different operational modes based on environmental and operational criteria. The radiating element 101 fastened with a switch element which introduces a level of adaptability to the antenna performance, potentially allowing for active tuning capabilities. The switch element 106 is used to toggle between different operational modes or frequency bands, directing the signal flow through different paths in multirange antenna system. The element 106 can optionally be a variety of elements such as capacitors and inductors or custom-designed metal shapes for impedance matching, especially if the antenna is large enough. While not explicitly marked in the diagram, the transmission lines lead to the feed points 104 and 105. These lines are crucial for carrying RF signals to and from the radiating elements. Their placement and layout are designed to maintain characteristic impedance and minimize losses.

[0044] According to an embodiment the radiating elements 101 and / or 102 may be connected to conductive plane 103 directly or indirectly. The indirect connect may be capacitor, P-sensor, switch, inductor, resistor, or other tuning elements might also be part of a matching network that improves the impedance matching between the antenna and the transmission line, or it could be used to enhance capacitive coupling between different antenna elements or layers, which can also influence bandwidth and efficiency.

[0045] Fig. 3 shows a multirange antenna system wherein positioned adjacent to the radiating element 101 and associated with feed point 104, a tuning element 107 is used to adjust the resonance of the radiator for precise operation within its target frequency band. The tuning elements 107 is positioned near feed point 104, and may be used to tune the radiating elements. It can adjust the resonant frequency of the radiating elements to which it is connected, allowing for precise control over the antenna operational frequency range. This is critical in multi-band antennas where different elements need to be accurately tuned to their respective bands. These components are critical in tuning and matching the antenna. The tuning element 107, be a conductor, capacitor, resistor, or a combination of these and other electronic components. The tuning element 107 can include capacitors which can be used to adjust the resonance frequency of the antenna elements, making them suitable for the intended frequency bands. They can also help in matching the impedance of the antenna to the transmission line to minimize reflection and maximize power transfer. The tuning element 107 can include resistors which might be used for controlling the Q-factor of the antenna, affecting its bandwidth and radiation pattern. This versatility enables precise adjustments to the antenna resonance and impedance characteristics, accommodating a broad spectrum of operational requirements.

[0046] Fig. 4 exhibits a multirange antenna system 200 wherein the feed point 204 is connected with the larger radiating element 201 and the feed point 205 is coupled with the smaller radiating element 202. The two radiating elements are coupled to a large conductive layer 203. The larger radiating element 201 is for lower frequency operation (such as sub-6 GHz 5G) whereas the smaller radiating element 202 is for higher frequencies (such as Wi-Fi). These feed points are engineered to provide optimal impedance matching and are strategically placed to minimize losses. These feed points are where the coaxial cable or microstrip transmission lines would interface with the radiating elements.

[0047] According to an embodiment, the two radiating elements are arranged at configurable angular alignment to each other on the printed circuit board. This configuration is designed to enhance the antenna operational efficiency and performance characteristics. Additionally, the surface of each radiating element features strategically patterned or etched slots. These slots are integral to modifying the current distribution across the radiating elements, which in turn optimizes the radiation pattern and bandwidth of the antenna. This design enables precise control over the antenna characteristics, such as directional gain and frequency response, making it highly suitable for advanced communication systems where space and performance are critical. This arrangement and slotting technique contribute to a compact yet powerful antenna design, capable of meeting rigorous modern communication demands.

[0048] Fig. 5 exhibits the slot 108 at least in a radiating element, extending completely through the thickness of conductive layer and may divide conductive layer into a pattern or array of conductive patches within region. The radiating elements are at a spatial separation 109 to prevent interference.

[0049] According to an embodiment, the radiating element may be patterned to form a radio-frequency transparent region such as region and a continuous region such as region. Slots or openings may be formed in radiating element within region. The slots in region may be arranged in a grid pattern, for example.

[0050] According to an embodiment the spatial separation between the two radiating elements indicates an attempt to isolate the antenna elements to prevent interference, while still maintaining a close enough proximity for possible coupling effects that might be beneficial for antenna performance, such as diversity reception or MIMO. The material constituting the spatial separation may be dielectric or composed of any suitable non-conductive substance. Provided non-conductive substance possesses a particular dielectric constant and loss factor. The physical separation between the two radiator elements helps to reduce inter-band interference, ensuring that each radiator operates efficiently within its designated frequency band. The design may include strategic placement of the elements to utilize beneficial coupling effects when appropriate.

[0051] According to an embodiment, multirange antenna system incorporates standardized Radio Frequency (RF) connectors that are integrated directly onto the printed circuit board (PCB). These connectors serve as critical interfaces for both testing and seamless integration with the main circuitry of a laptop. By standardizing these RF connectors, the invention ensures that they are compatible with a wide range of external equipment and diagnostic tools, thereby facilitating straightforward maintenance and operational checks. This design approach not only simplifies the process of integrating the antenna system with the laptop primary electronic components but also guarantees a robust and reliable connection. The standardized nature of the RF connectors allows for their universal application across different systems and models, enhancing the product's adaptability and ease of use in various technological environments.

[0052] Another embodiment of the present disclosure describes a multirange antenna system composed of two antennas wherein the first antenna is for microwave frequency band covering sub-6 GHz, Wi-Fi, or MIMO module while the second antenna is for higher frequency band covering mmWave module.

[0053] Fig. 6 illustrates a sophisticated multirange antenna system 300, specifically engineered to operate within the mmWave spectrum along with the microwave spectrum. The multirange antenna system 300 comprise at least one radiating element 301 that features an etched mmWave antenna module 302 directly into a radiating element 301 and a conductive layer 303 that functions as the ground plane. This etched pattern is not merely aesthetic; it is functional, playing a crucial role in the ability of the antenna to radiate at mmWave frequencies. The pattern is precisely calculated to create the necessary impedance and radiation characteristics for effective mmWave communication. Coupled to the radiating element 301 is a feed point 304, a critical juncture where RF energy is coupled to the antenna for emission. A heat dissipator 305 can be directly attached to the back of the radiating element 301 or to areas where the heat is generated. This can be in the form of patches or plates that are soldered or otherwise thermally bonded to the antenna structure. The materials with high thermal conductivity such as Metals like copper is used for heat dissipation. Further, a switch 306 can be included in the multirange antenna system, positioned between the radiating element 301 and a conductive layer 303. The switch 306 enables dynamic reconfiguration of the antenna operational mode, potentially allowing for switching between different polarizations, radiation patterns, or frequency bands. If the antenna dimensions are sufficiently large, component 306 can alternatively comprise different elements or a combination thereof, to enable sufficient bandwidth that cover the low frequency band. The conductive layer 303 itself contributes to the antenna performance by providing a stable reference point for the radiating elements and ensuring consistent signal propagation.

[0054] According to an embodiment, a multirange antenna system has multiple radiating planes wherein a mmWave antenna module is etched on the primary radiating plane is an array, designed for beamforming capabilities. This array is a collection of individual antenna elements arranged in a precise configuration, allowing for directional signal focus and high gain, which is critical for overcoming the path loss associated with mmWave frequencies. The mmWave array is structured to provide spatial diversity, which is instrumental in combating multipath fading and improving signal reliability in complex environments. The primary radiating plane is a conductive region or ground plane beneath the antenna array can act as a heat spreader, helping to dissipate heat across a larger area of the antenna. The primary radiating element is crafted with materials and a structure that facilitate heat dissipation; an essential feature given the higher power densities at mmWave frequencies which can lead to increased thermal loads. The heat dissipation can alternatively act as switch and vice versa.

[0055] This embodiment of the antenna module encapsulates a highly integrated, efficient design suitable for cutting-edge wireless communication systems, where versatility and performance in the mmWave spectrum are paramount. Together, the etched radiating element and the mmWave array constitute an advanced antenna system capable of high-frequency operation with efficient thermal management. This system is well-suited for nextgeneration wireless applications, including 5G networks and beyond, where high bandwidth and low latency are imperative.

[0056] Fig. 7 illustrates a compact multirange antenna system 500, specifically engineered to operate within the mmWave spectrum along with the microwave spectrum. The multirange antenna system 500 comprise two radiating elements, a first radiating element 501 on an upper plane and a second radiating element 502 on a lower plane at an adjustable angular orientation. The upper radiating element 501 has an etched mmWave antenna module 503 directly into a radiating element 501. All the radiating elements are linked to a conductive layer 504 that functions as the ground plane. In the described antenna configuration, radiating elements and ground plane are engineered to be interconnected either directly or through an external conductive material, such as the metal shield of a coaxial cable. Coupled to the radiating element 501 is a feed point 505 and to the radiating element 502 is a feed point 506, a critical juncture where RF energy is coupled to the antenna for emission. A heat dissipator 507 can be directly attached to the back of the radiating element 501 or to areas where the heat is generated. This can be in the form of patches or plates that are soldered or otherwise thermally bonded to the antenna structure. The materials with high thermal conductivity such as metals like copper is used for heat dissipation. Further, a switch 508 may be included in the multirange antenna system, positioned between the radiating element 501 and a conductive layer 504. The switch 508 enables dynamic reconfiguration of the antenna operational mode, potentially allowing for switching between different polarizations, radiation patterns, or frequency bands. The conductive layer 504 itself contributes to the antenna performance by providing a stable reference point for the radiating elements and ensuring consistent signal propagation.

[0057] According to an embodiment the component 508, previously characterized as a switch, should not be confined to this function alone. If the antenna dimensions are sufficiently large, component 508 can alternatively comprise different elements or a combination thereof, to enable sufficient bandwidth that cover the low frequency band. For instance, component 508 could be implemented using a mix of capacitors and inductors, or even a specifically designed metal shape tailored for impedance matching. This adaptable approach allows component 508 to effectively manage various signal pathways or modulation techniques without the conventional limitations imposed by a typical switch. Thus, the flexibility in the design of component 508 enhances the antenna's functionality across a broader spectrum, accommodating a more diverse range of applications and performance requirements.

[0058] Fig. 8 outlines an innovative multirange antenna system encapsulated within a multi-in-1 module. This advanced antenna system comprises a mmWave array connected to a resolute mmWave communication circuit. The module further integrates two distinct conductive regions, labelled as conductive region 1 and conductive region 2, each connected to separate microwave communication circuits. These circuits are strategically positioned to exploit different frequency ranges, thereby enabling multi-band operation. The inclusion of a common Ground Region serves as a shared reference point for all circuits and ensures a stable operation across diverse frequency spectrums. This entire assembly is mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB), which facilitates the compact integration of multiple communication bands within a single, efficient package. This multi range antenna design is indicative of a versatile communication system capable of handling a variety of signal types within a consolidated form factor. This module is powered by a first communication circuit designed to transmit and receive mmWave signals. Accompanying this setup is a printed circuit board (PCB) that harbours a second communication circuit and a designated ground region. This secondary circuit is responsible for energizing an electrical pathway that encompasses the conductive area. It is also capable of facilitating signal transmission or reception in microwave frequency range, with its operation being grounded by the aforementioned ground region, the layout is designed to maximize the limited space available inside a laptop, providing efficient radiation and bandwidth characteristics suitable for modern wireless communication standards.

[0059] Fig. 9 illustrates a multirange antenna system meticulously designed to be compact yet highly effective, making it ideal for integration into modern electronic devices where space is limited, and performance is paramount. This system comprises two primary antennas 01 and 02, each connected to their respective feed points, 01F and 02F. These antennas are positioned adjacent to a substantial ground plane 03, which serves to stabilize the radiation pattern and reduce backward radiation, thereby enhancing forward gain and efficiency. Positioned prominently on one of the primary antennas is the mmWave antenna 04, specifically engineered to operate at the higher frequency bands associated with mmWave applications. An additional innovative aspect of this design is the integration of an inductor 06, which is crucial for impedance matching within the system. The inductor is precisely calibrated to the specific impedance requirements of the antennas, ensuring maximum power transfer and minimal signal reflection at the antenna feeds. A heat depiction 07 is directly coupled to ground plane 03 which may be in the form of plates that are soldered or otherwise thermally bonded to the antenna structure. The materials with high thermal conductivity such as metals like copper is used for heat dissipation. This feature is critical for maintaining high efficiency and performance across the operating bandwidth of the system. This multirange antenna system meets the demanding requirements of current wireless communication standards but also addresses the challenges associated with mmWave technology, providing a robust solution for future advancements in the field.

[0060] Fig. 10(a) shows the reflection coefficient of a primary antenna, which operates across the 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz WLAN frequency bands. At 2.4 GHz, the reflection coefficient dips below -10 dB, suggesting that less than 10% of the transmitted power is reflected back, thereby ensuring effective operational capacity in this band. More impressively, at 5.8 GHz, the antenna reaches a reflection coefficient nearing -30 dB, showcasing an even higher efficiency with minimal power reflection, ideal for advanced WLAN applications.

[0061] Fig. 10(b) shows the total efficiency of a primary antenna across a frequency range from 0.5 GHz to 6 GHz, the antenna exhibits peak efficiencies at around 2.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz, where the efficiency nearly reaches -1 dB and -2 dB, respectively, indicating that these frequencies are where the antenna is most effective, losing only about 20% to 40% of the input power.

[0062] Fig. 11(a) shows the reflection coefficient of a primary antenna, which operates across LTE frequency bands from 0.6 MHz to 6 GHz. An inductor is used to tune the low frequency to cover the required frequency bands, with values of 0.5, 2, and 5 nH corresponding to states 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

[0063] Fig. 11(b) shows the total efficiency of a primary antenna across a frequency range from 0.5 GHz to 6 GHz, wherein the state 1 is of inductor value 5nH, state 2 is of inductor value 2nH and state 3 is of inductor value 0.5nH.

[0064] Fig. 12(a) shows the reflection coefficient of an antenna, which operates across mmWave frequency bands from 32.5 GHz to 40 GHz.

[0065] Fig. 12(b) shows the isolation between two primary antennas in sub-6 GHz range or between WiFi and WWAN with various capacitor value. The isolation between two sub-6 GHz antennas, or WiFi and WWAN antennas, which is below -10 dB in the frequency range of 0.5 MHz to 6 GHz.

[0066] Fig. 12(c) shows the isolations between mmWave and two sub-6 GHz antennas, which is below -30 dB in the frequency range of 0.6 MHz to 40 GHz. (S3,1) shows the isolation between mmWave and sub-6GHz primary antenna (WiFi). (S3,2) shows the isolation between mmWave and sub-6GHz primary antenna (WWAN).

[0067] According to an embodiment the multirange antenna system is an integrated triplex antenna designed to handle diverse types of wireless communication, wherein the mmWave antenna module is specialized for ultra-fast 5G networks, providing high-speed data transfer rates that are particularly useful in dense urban environments. The WWAN antenna module caters to broader mobile communication standards, including 3G, 4G, and 5G, allowing for consistent connectivity across large geographic areas. The Wi-Fi antenna module facilitates local wireless networking, enabling devices to connect to the internet or each other within a short range, typically inside a building or within a localized outdoor area.

[0068] According to an embodiment these antenna modules are engineered to operate both independently and in concert. They can all be turned on at the same time, allowing a device to access mmWave, WWAN, and Wi-Fi networks simultaneously for maximum connectivity and redundancy. This could potentially increase the reliability of the connection, as the device can switch between different networks depending on which offers the best performance at any given time or location. Alternatively, the antenna modules can be activated in pairs for a combination of services. For example, a device might connect to a Wi-Fi network for internet access while also using WWAN to receive cellular calls. Or it might use mmWave for high-speed data tasks while remaining connected to Wi-Fi for local network access. Furthermore, each antenna can be activated individually. This single activation might be suitable in situations where only one type of connectivity is needed or desired, such as connecting solely to a Wi-Fi network when in the range of a known hotspot to save on data usage or relying only on WWAN when traveling in areas without Wi-Fi access. The capability to activate these antenna modules in any configuration, simultaneously in pairs, or individually provides a high level of flexibility, allowing users to tailor their device's connectivity to their current needs and environmental conditions.

[0069] According to an embodiment the multirange antenna system acts as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas to enhance the capacity and performance of wireless communication systems. It comprises a high-frequency Wi-Fi antenna supporting the frequency bands from 2.4 to 2.5 GHz and 5.15 to 7.125 GHz and a WWAN antenna that operates within the 1.7 to 5 GHz range, with provisions to include lower frequency bands in subsequent versions. According to an embodiment the multirange antenna system acts as an auxiliary (AUX) antenna, to improve the reliability and quality of wireless communication by providing redundancy.

[0070] According to an embodiment the multirange antenna system for electronic devices simplifies assembly and enhances efficiency by eliminating the need for additional mounting structures. Its adaptable structure allows strategic placement within the device to optimize space and maintain signal quality. The design incorporates advanced multiplexing of sub-6GHz and mmWave technologies into a single module, ensuring high isolation and minimal interference. This consolidation optimizes internal space and facilitates simultaneous functionality of dual wideband antennas, setting new standards in antenna technology with its versatile and efficient approach.

[0071] The present provisional patent application has set forth various embodiments, features, integers, characteristics, compounds, chemical moieties, and groups, described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to implement or practice the invention. While these embodiments and features are described for illustrative purposes, they are not intended to serve as a limitation on the scope of the invention. Rather, the claims that follow are to define the breadth and scope of the present invention.

[0072] It is important to understand that all features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings), and / or all of the steps of any disclosed methods or processes, may be combined in any combination, with the exception of combinations where at least some features and / or steps are mutually exclusive. This indicates that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed but includes any novel feature or novel combination of features disclosed herein, as well as any novel combination of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.

[0073] Modifications, changes, and variations that are apparent to those skilled in the art can be made without leaving from the essence of the invention, as defined in the appended claims. Therefore, the invention should be understood to be fully inclusive of all aspects, features, and examples falling within the broad scope of the appended claims.

[0074] In addition, the reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents filed concurrently with or prior to this specification in connection with this application, all of which are open to public inspection. The contents of such papers and documents are hereby incorporated by reference, adding further elucidative material to that disclosed herein.

[0075] Thus, the invention extends to any novel feature or combination of features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings), and to any novel combination of the steps of any method or process so disclosed. The details in the foregoing embodiments are not intended to limit the scope but are provided to illustrate the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments provided in this application but includes all aspects and features that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A combined microwave and mmWave antenna comprising a conductive ground plane with an L-shaped cutout portion, a first radiating element disposed in the L-shaped cutout portion and spaced from edges of the conductive ground plane by a dielectric gap, and a second radiating element disposed in a plane spaced from a plane of the conductive ground plane and the first radiating element, wherein the second radiating element overlaps the first radiating element, and wherein one of the first and second radiating elements is configured for microwave operation and wherein the other of the first and second radiating elements is configured for mmWave operation.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the second radiating element and the conductive ground plane are coupled to each other at a first feed point.

3. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second radiating element and the first radiating element are coupled to each other at a second feed point.

4. The antenna according to any preceding claim, wherein the second radiating element is coupled to the conductive ground plane by a switch element, optionally wherein the switch element comprises at least one of: a capacitor, a proximity sensor, a switch, an inductor, a resistor, and combinations thereof.

5. The antenna according to any preceding claim, wherein the second radiating element is coupled to the conductive ground plane by a tuning element, wherein the tuning element comprises at least one of: a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor, a conductor, and combinations thereof.

6. The antenna according to claim 5 depending from claims 2 and 4, wherein the tuning element is located closer to the first feed point than the switch element.

7. The antenna according to any preceding claim, wherein the first and second radiating elements are plate or patch elements.

8. The antenna according to any preceding claim, wherein the first and second radiating elements are of substantially the same size.

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second radiating element is larger than the first radiating element.

10. The antenna according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the first and second radiating elements is provided with slits or notches, optionally wherein the slits or notches extend through a full thickness of the respective radiating element and divide the radiating element into separate regions.

11. The antenna according to any preceding claim, wherein the first and second radiating elements are angularly displaceable relative to each other.

12. A combined microwave and mmWave antenna comprising a conductive ground plane with an L-shaped cutout portion, a first radiating element disposed in the L-shaped cutout portion and spaced from edges of the conductive ground plane by a dielectric gap, and a second radiating element disposed on the first radiating element, wherein the first radiating element is a plate or patch element, and wherein the second radiating element is a mmWave radiating array disposed on a surface of the first radiating element.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, wherein the mmWave radiating array is etched onto the surface of the first radiating element.

14. The antenna according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the first radiating element and the conductive ground plane are coupled to each other at a first feed point.

15. The antenna according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the first radiating element is provided with a heat sink, optionally wherein the heat sink is connected to the conductive ground plane.

16. The antenna according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the first radiating element is coupled to the conductive ground plane by a switch element, optionally wherein the switch element comprises at least one of: a capacitor, a proximity sensor, a switch, an inductor, a resistor, and combinations thereof.

17. A combined microwave and mmWave antenna comprising a conductive ground plane with an L-shaped cutout portion, a first radiating element disposed in the L-shaped cutout portion and spaced from edges of the conductive ground plane by a dielectric gap, a second radiating element disposed in a plane spaced from a plane of the conductiveground plane and the first radiating element, wherein the second radiating element overlaps the first radiating element, and a third radiating element disposed on the second radiating element, wherein the first and second radiating elements are plate or patch elements, and wherein the third radiating element is a mmWave radiating array disposed on a surface of the second radiating element.

18. The antenna according to claim 17, wherein the mmWave radiating array is etched onto the surface of the second radiating element.

19. The antenna according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the second radiating element and the conductive ground plane are coupled to each other at a first feed point.

20. The antenna according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the second radiating element and the first radiating element are coupled to each other at a second feed point.

21. The antenna according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the second radiating element is provided with a heat sink, optionally wherein the heat sink is connected to the conductive ground plane.

22. The antenna according to any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the second radiating element is coupled to the conductive ground plane by a switch element, optionally wherein the switch element comprises at least one of: a capacitor, a proximity sensor, a switch, an inductor, a resistor, and combinations thereof.

23. The antenna according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the second radiating element is coupled to the conductive ground plane by a tuning element, optionally wherein the tuning element comprises at least one of: a capacitor, a resistor, an inductor, a conductor, and combinations thereof.

24. The antenna according to any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the first and second radiating elements are angularly displaceable relative to each other.

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