Energy & water efficient cooling system and ai-integrated control for optimised resource management

Abstract

Disclosed is a method of cooling a space or a process comprising: supplying air 02 to a pad-less evaporative chiller 04, and then supplying the chilled humid air to an indirect heat exchanger 05 ther

Description

Field of invention:

[01] This is a divisional application based on UK Patent Application No. GB2415939.4, filed on 29th October 2024. This divisional application addresses aspects not covered by the parent claims and is distinct in scope.

[02] Current Industrial processes and data centers are significant contributors to energy and water losses due to the discharge of low-grade heat into the atmosphere.

[03] Energy losses: Industrial Processes: In the European Union, the industrial sector accounts for approximately 26% of total primary energy consumption. Notably, nearly half of this energy is not utilised for energy services but is instead dissipated into the environment1. Data Centers: Data centers are significant consumers of energy, with a substantial portion of this energy being dissipated as waste heat into the atmosphere 2.

[04] Water losses: In addition to the substantial water losses from cooling in industrial processes, cooling in data centers also involves significant water consumption. Recent research indicates that Al systems like ChatGPT consume approximately two liters of water for every 10 to 50 queries, primarily due to the cooling demands of data centers. This underscores the considerable water usage associated with managing waste heat in these facilities3.

[05] These statistics underscore the considerable energy and water losses associated with the discharge of low-grade heat into the atmosphere by industrial processes and data centers. Addressing these inefficiencies through waste heat recovery and improved cooling technologies is essential for enhancing energy efficiency and conserving water resources.

[06] Current methods for space and process cooling typically involve dumping low-grade heat into the atmosphere, where it cools either a recirculated refrigerant, coolant, gas, or air heated during a process or in a specific space. Existing systems include:

[07] Air Chillers: Use atmospheric air to cool a refrigerant within an indirect heat exchanger. Water Chillers: Employ air cooled water to cool a refrigerant via an indirect heat exchanger. Direct Evaporative Cooling: Mixes water with atmospheric air to lower its temperature by increasing its relative humidity (RH%) and directly uses the chilled air for cooling a space or process. Indirect Evaporative Cooling: Utilises chilled air to cool a refrigerant within an indirect heat exchanger.

[08] Existing cooling methods face inherent limitations as they must operate in open spaces to release warm or warm, moist air (water vapor) into the atmosphere. These systems typically occupy large outdoor areas adjacent to industrial processes or on rooftops, where exposure to direct sunlight and high ambient temperatures on warmer days reduces cooling efficiency. This exposure leads to excessive water and energy consumption to maintain desired temperature levels in spaces or processes. In enclosed spaces, cooling efficiency drops further, and humidity levels rise, complicating effective cooling.

[09] This invention improves upon traditional indirect evaporative cooling, providing enhanced cost, energy, and water savings. Conventional systems often require water-cooled pads for evaporative cooling, which demands frequent maintenance due to clogging and consumes additional power to move air through the pads. Maintaining a stable temperature and humidity level is also challenging due to fluctuations in atmospheric conditions, and the resulting warm water vapor is typically wasted into the atmosphere as low-grade heat.

[10] By integrating a heat pump with the indirect evaporative cooling system, this invention can recover and utilise that low-grade heat to chill both air and water within the system. Heat pumps are highly energy-efficient, consuming less electricity compared to conventional refrigeration systems, which require greater power and higher-grade heat. However, prior indirect evaporative cooling designs limit effective integration with heat pumps, as they lack mechanisms to capture and reuse low-grade heat, thus losing economic benefits when used in open environments exposed to solar radiation. [11 ] The following features are discussed in more detail later in the document: This system includes a pad-less evaporative cooling setup with indirect heat exchangers housed within insulated chambers, which protect against environmental heat gain and optimise cooling performance. The absence of lateral or vertical airflow through heat exchangers designs in traditional systems hinders their ability to monitor and respond to atmospheric temperature and humidity variations throughout the cooling process, including in the air or gas used for space or process cooling.

[12] Accurate, location-specific temperature and humidity data within the cooling system are essential for implementing machine learning algorithms. Such data supports algorithmic control, optimisation, and adaptive cooling efficiency, which are critical to next-generation cooling solutions.

[13] Integrating Al and machine learning algorithms into an evaporative cooling system plays a transformative role in optimising energy and water usage, adapting dynamically to environmental conditions for peak efficiency. Key benefits include:

[14] Dynamic Adjustment to Environmental Conditions: Al continuously monitors temperature, humidity, and other variables, making real-time adjustments that allow the cooling process to leverage fluctuations in air temperature and humidity. This adaptive approach significantly reduces energy and water consumption.

[15] Predictive Control for Energy Efficiency: Machine learning models analyse historical data to predict shifts in cooling demand, enabling proactive adjustments that result in smoother operation, reduced energy spikes, and minimised component wear. This approach not only conserves energy but also extends the lifespan of the heat exchanger and other system parts.

[16] Optimised Water Usage: Al-driven algorithms manage water distribution intelligently, ensuring usage only when cooling efficiency can be maximised. By analysing humidity levels and cooling loads, Al minimises water waste, contributing to sustainable operations and cost savings.

[17] Anomaly Detection and Predictive Maintenance: Al detects irregular patterns indicative of wear or potential failures, allowing for early intervention and maintenance scheduling. This predictive approach minimises downtime, lowers maintenance costs, and ensures consistent, uninterrupted cooling performance.

[18] Stabilised Temperature and Improved Cooling Capacity: Al-assisted control maintains stable temperatures even with environmental fluctuations, a critical advantage in high-demand applications like data centers where reliable cooling is essential.

[19] Data-Driven Decision Making and Ongoing Optimisation: Continuous data collection and analysis provide insights that inform future improvements, refine cooling strategies, and ensure settings are optimised for peak efficiency.

[20] Reduced Operating Costs: By optimising energy and water consumption, Al significantly lowers operational expenses, with substantial long-term savings, especially in large-scale applications.

[21] Enhanced Efficiency with Real-Time and Forecasted Weather Data Integration: Linking the Al system to real-time and forecasted weather data further enhances the performance and responsiveness of the evaporative cooling system:

[22] Proactive Cooling Adjustments: Al can anticipate temperature and humidity changes from forecast data, allowing the system to make adjustments ahead of time. For example, on approaching hot, dry days, the system can pre-cool water or fine-tune settings to reduce peak cooling demands and energy consumption.

[23] Dynamic Water Use Modulation: By monitoring real-time humidity levels and using forecast data, Al can maximise water efficiency. On dry days, the system can increase evaporation to enhance cooling, while on humid days, it conserves water, leading to substantial water savings.

[24] Enhanced Efficiency and Cost Savings: Real-time adjustments ensure the system operates only as needed to meet cooling requirements, reducing energy usage during cooler or less humid periods and translating directly to lower operational costs.

[25] Maintenance Scheduling Based on Conditions: Al correlates weather patterns with system performance, identifying conditions that may accelerate wear, such as extreme heat or humidity, and scheduling maintenance only as necessary. This predictive maintenance approach extends equipment life and prevents unplanned downtime.

[26] Temperature Stability for Sensitive Applications: Integration with weather data enables Al to maintain more stable temperatures in environments like data centers, where fluctuations could disrupt performance. This stability ensures consistent, reliable cooling.

[27] Intelligent Load Balancing and Demand Response: Al uses forecast data to adjust cooling loads or, in some cases, offload certain cooling functions preemptively. In critical applications, this allows participation in demand response programs, reducing peak loads and supporting grid stability.

[28] By integrating real-time and forecasted weather data, Al enhances the adaptability, efficiency, and sustainability of evaporative cooling systems, making them ideal for resource-intensive applications requiring stability and responsiveness. Description of the related prior art:

[29] Within prior art, evaporative cooling of refrigerant in an indirect heat exchanger (indirect evaporative cooling) is recognised as an energyefficient method for cooling spaces, processes, or both.

[30] US 6,854.278 B2 “Method of evaporative cooling of a liquid and operating” describes, indirect evaporative cooling processes can be used to remove undesired heat from various industrial, commercial and domestic facilities. For example, such processes can be employed to remove undesired heat from electrical power plants, oil refineries, chemical production plants, air conditioning systems and so on. Indirect evaporative cooling processes seek to take advantage of the fact that, if the temperature of a gas (such as air) entering such a process is lowered prior to its coming into direct contact with an evaporative liquid (such as water), the lowered gas temperature will produce a lowered wet bulb temperature of that pre-cooled gas. Consequently, the temperature of an evaporative cooling liquid (refrigerant or a coolant) that comes into contact with such a relatively cooler gas stream also will be lowered. If this concept is carried to its ideal limits, the temperature of the incoming gas could be lowered to a wet bulb temperature that approaches its, relatively lower, dew point temperature.

[31] US4827733A “Indirect Evaporative Cooling System for Air Conditioning” describes an indirect evaporative cooling system that cools air by passing it through a heat exchanger, using atmospheric air to reduce the temperature of the refrigerant. This system improves energy efficiency compared to traditional direct cooling systems by separating the evaporative process from the cooled air.

[32] While US4827733A focuses on energy-efficient cooling using indirect evaporative cooling, it lacks the advanced features of water conservation and dynamic regulation based on environmental conditions found in our invention. Unlike prior art, this invention incorporates a pad-less evaporative cooling system for both atmospheric and First air (GB2415939.4) which minimises maintenance needs, electricity and water waste. Furthermore, it integrates machine learning and real-time weather data to optimise cooling, while US4827733A operates at a fixed efficiency regardless of environmental changes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[33] This invention advances beyond prior methods to achieve further savings in water, energy, and maintenance costs. Key innovations include:

[34] Lateral or vertical air (gas) flow: Air flows laterally or vertically through padless evaporative air chiller and indirect heat exchangers housed within insulated chambers. This setup enables smooth airflow, shielded from solar radiation and atmospheric temperature fluctuations, allowing for precise, continuous measurement of the real airflow, water flow, humidity, and temperature before and after the air passes through the evaporative air chiller and indirect heat exchanger.

[35] Evaporative Cooling of Recirculated Coolant: Instead of cooling refrigerant directly, this system uses evaporative cooling on a recirculated coolant within an indirect heat exchanger. This design optimises cooling efficiency while conserving energy and water.

[36] Pad-less Evaporative Cooling of Atmospheric and First Air: The invention eliminates the need for water-cooled pads, thereby reducing maintenance requirements and energy consumption. Pad-less evaporative cooling of both atmospheric air and First air significantly enhances water and energy savings.

[37] Regulated Water and Air Flow: The system dynamically adjusts water and airflow based on the humidity and temperature of both atmospheric and First air. This allows precise control over temperature and humidity, ensuring optimal conditions in the target space or process with minimised resource use.

[38] Integration with Heat Pump: To boost energy efficiency and cooling capacity, the invention incorporates a heat pump, effectively using low-grade heat contained in the recirculated coolant to cool the recirculated coolant to enhance overall cooling performance.

[39] Coolant Recirculation within a Closed Loop: The coolant is recirculated through a closed-loop system, passing through designated heat exchangers within the cooling system. This approach maximises cooling while minimising waste and operational costs.

[40] Insulated chambers and insulation: The entire evaporative cooling system is protected by insulation comprising insulated chambers, insulated pipes and insulated ducting to protect from exposure to sun radiation and high atmospheric temperature. [41 ] Flow of atmospheric air or First air: The design allows the flow of atmospheric or First air laterally or vertically through Evaporative air chiller and First indirect heat exchanger located within insulated chambers to enable accurate measuring of temperature and humidity of air at different locations.

[42] Flow of Second air: The design allows the flow of the Second air through the Second indirect heat exchanger within insulated chamber and follows the directional flow of air or the First air to enable accurate measuring of temperature and humidity of air at different locations.

[43] Machine Learning Algorithm Integration: The system is equipped with machine learning algorithms that continuously analyse environmental data, making real-time adjustments to optimise cooling efficiency. By learning from operational patterns, the Al algorithm ensures ongoing improvements in resource use.

[44] Real-Time and Forecasted Weather Data Integration: The machine learning algorithm receives both real-time and forecasted weather data from external sources, allowing it to anticipate environmental changes. This proactive adjustment further reduces energy and water usage, optimising system performance based on projected weather conditions.

[45] This invention represents a significant advancement over traditional evaporative cooling methods, maximising resource efficiency and cost savings through the intelligent integration of heat pump technology, machine learning, and real-time weather responsiveness.

[46] An objective of this invention is to mix the atmospheric air or the First air (of X1 temperature and X2 humidity) as described in GB GB2415939.4 with water to reduce the air temperature by increasing its humidity. Apply the resulting chilled air which is referred to as Second air (of X1 lower than the air X1 or the First air X1, and of X2 greater than the air X2 or the First air X2) as described in the GB GB2415939.4 to cool a recirculated coolant in the First indirect heat exchanger. Apply the chilled recirculated coolant to cool the air in the Fifth indirect heat exchanger. Apply the chilled air to cool a space or a process or both the space and the process.

[47] Another objective of this invention is to mix the atmospheric air or the First air as described in GB GB2415939.4 with water to reduce the air temperature by increasing its humidity. Apply the resulting chilled air which is referred to as Second air as described in the GB GB2415939.4 to cool the recirculated coolant in the First indirect heat exchanger. Apply the chilled coolant to cool the localised recirculated coolant or localised recirculated refrigerant in the Sixth indirect heat exchanger.

[48] Yet another objective of this invention is to mix the atmospheric air or the First air as described in GB2415939.4 with water to reduce the air temperature by increasing its humidity. Apply the resulting chilled air which is referred to as Second air as described in the GB2415939.4 to cool the recirculated coolant in the First indirect heat exchanger. Apply the chilled recirculated coolant to cool the air in the Fifth indirect heat exchanger and to cool the localised recirculated coolant or the localised recirculated refrigerant in the Sixth indirect heat exchanger.

[49] Yet another objective of this invention is to mix the atmospheric air or the First air as described in GB2415939.4 with water to reduce the air temperature by increasing its humidity. Apply the resulting chilled air which is referred to as Second air as described in the GB2415939.4 to cool the recirculated coolant in the First indirect heat exchanger which also produces Third air. Utilise the Third air to heat, or cool, or cool and heat a recirculated refrigerant of a heat pump in the Second indirect heat exchanger which also produces the Fourth air. Apply the cooled or heated recirculated refrigerant to further reduce the temperature of the recirculated coolant in the Third indirect heat exchanger.

[50] Yet another objective of this invention is to first reduce the temperature of the recirculated coolant in the Third indirect heat exchanger before further cooling the recirculated coolant to further reduce its temperature in the First indirect heat exchanger. [51 ] Yet another objective of this invention is to further reduce the temperature of the recirculated coolant in the Third indirect heat exchanger after cooling the recirculated coolant to reduce its temperature in the First indirect heat exchanger.

[52] Yet another objective of this invention is to further reduce the temperature of the recirculated coolant in the Fourth indirect heat exchanger wherein the refrigerant from a refrigeration system chills the recirculated coolant. This is done after reducing its temperature in the First or in the Third indirect heat exchanger.

[53] Yet another objective of this invention is to use the recirculated coolant from the Fourth indirect heat exchanger to reduce the temperature of the air received into the Fifth indirect heat exchanger.

[54] Yet another objective of this invention is to reduce the temperature of a space or the process or both using the chilled air from the Fifth indirect heat exchanger.

[55] Yet another objective of this invention is to send the air heated in the space or in the process or both to the Fifth indirect heat exchanger to reduce the temperature in that air.

[56] Yet another objective of this invention is to utilise the recirculated coolant from the Fourth indirect heat exchanger to reduce the temperature of the localised recirculated coolant or the localised refrigerant used in the localised cooling process.

[57] Yet another objective of the invention is to receive the heated recirculated coolant from the Fifth indirect heat exchanger to the Third or the First indirect heat exchanger.

[58] Yet another objective of the invention is to receive the heated recirculated coolant from the Sixth indirect heat exchanger to the Third or the First indirect heat exchanger.

[59] Yet another aspect of the invention is to measure the temperature, humidity, flow rate of the atmospheric air, First air, Second air, Third air, Fourth air, and the Fifth air (recirculated between the Fifth indirect heat exchanger and the space).

[60] Yet another objective of the invention is to measure the temperature and the flow rate of the recirculated coolant in the First, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth indirect heat exchanger and transmit the data (primary data) to the Centralised process control. [61 ] Yet another objective is to measure the water temperature, water flow rate, air temperature, air humidity, and air flow rate in the Air chiller and transmit the data (primary data) to the Centralised process control.

[62] Yet another objective of the invention is to integrate supportive algorithm machine learning into certain processes within the cooling system to assist Centralised process control.

[63] Yet another objective of this invention is to integrate supportive algorithm machine learning to a Meta algorithm machine learning to assist Centralised process control.

[64] Yet another objective of this invention is to receive real-time and forecasted weather data from external sources into Meta algorithm machine learning to assist Centralised process control.

[65] Yet another objective of this invention is to regulate the flow of water and the flow of atmospheric air or the flow of the First air to optimise the cooling of the recirculated coolant in the First, Third and Fourth indirect heat exchanger.

[66] Yet another objective of this invention is to maintain a desired temperature in the recirculated coolant within the Fourth indirect heat exchanger, aiming for optimal year-round utilisation of water and electricity, along with reduced maintenance requirements.

[67] Yet another objective of this invention is to house the Air Chiller, and the First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth indirect heat exchangers within insulated chambers and insulate the connecting pipes and ducts.

[68] Yet another objective of this invention is to save footprint by arranging the Air chiller, First indirect heat exchanger, and Second indirect heat exchanger in various configurations: laterally in a line, vertically in a line, stacked laterally one above the other, or with at least the Air chiller positioned vertically, to maximise the use of available space.

[69] Yet another objective of this invention is to contact the Fourth air with rock similar to contacting Third air with rock as in GB2415939.4 or exhausted into atmosphere after recovering surplus water. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING

[70] FIG. 1 illustrates the invented process to cool a space, a process, or both (16). It shows the directional flow of recirculated coolant (08, 09, 10, 11,08) within a loop through indirect heat exchangers (05, 13, 14, 20), which are housed in insulated chambers. Typically, (19) is either located inside a building or housed within an insulated chamber.

[71] The diagram shows the lateral flow of external air (02) through a pad-less evaporative air chiller (04), where it is mixed with water (03) from external source. This mixture cools the air (02) to its wet bulb temperature by increasing its relative humidity (RH%).

[72] The diagram shows the lateral arrangement of (04), the First indirect heat exchanger (05), and the Second indirect heat exchanger (06). Chilled air from (04) flows laterally in a straight line through (05) and (06) before exiting (06) as Fourth air (07).

[73] Alternatively, to save space, (04), (05), and (06) can be arranged vertically, with vertical airflow through each (04), (05), and (06). In another configuration, only (04) is arranged vertically, with vertical airflow through (04).

[74] Alternatively, each (04), (05), and (06) can be stacked laterally, one above the other. The chilled air (Second air) from (04) makes an upward U-turn and flows laterally through (05), while the Third air from (05) also makes an upward U-turn and flows laterally through (06) before exiting (06) as Fourth air (07). In another configuration, the chilled air (Second air) from (04) makes a downward U-turn and flows laterally through (05), while the Third air from (05) also makes a downward U-turn and flows laterally through (06) before exiting (06) as Fourth air (07).

[75] The heat pump (12) circulates refrigerant in one or multiple loops between the Second indirect heat exchanger (06) and the Third indirect heat exchanger (13), extracting heat from the Third air in (06) and delivering cooling to the recirculated coolant in (13).

[76] The Fourth indirect heat exchanger (14) provides further cooling to the recirculated coolant (11) through a refrigerant looped between a refrigeration system (15) and (14).

[77] The recirculated coolant (11) from (14) cools the air in the Fifth indirect heat exchanger (20).

[78] Warmer air (17) from a space, process, or both (16) is cooled in (20) and recirculated as cooled air (18) back to (16). External air (21) is added to (20) to replace any recirculated air that is lost or removed.

[79] The recirculated coolant (11) from (14) cools a localised recirculated coolant or a localised recirculated refrigerant in the localised Sixth indirect heat exchanger (19).

[80] The heated recirculated coolant (08) from (20) and (19) is sent to (05), where it is cooled by the chilled air. The cooled recirculated coolant (09) is then directed to (13) for further cooling, and the even colder recirculated coolant (10) is subsequently sent to (14).

[81] The fully chilled coolant (11) is distributed from (14) to (19) and (20), maintaining the desired temperature in (16), (19), and (20). To achieve this, when temperature adjustments are required in (11), the Centralised process control, assisted by Al machine learning (22), primarily regulates (02), (03), (15), (20), introducing fresh air (21) into (20), and the distribution of (11) to (19) and (20) to reach the target temperatures in (16),(19), and (20). A duct loop circulates air between (20) and (16). The warmer and possibly humid air (17) from (16) is returned colder and drier air (18) from (20) to (16).

[82] The combined process of (21), (20), (16) controlled and regulated by (22) maintains the desired room temperature and humidity in (16). In some cases, (21) may require separate cooling and / or drying to maintain these conditions. Additionally, (21) and (17) may need filtering and cleaning.

[83] Locations of sensors placed in the numbered primary sections of the cooling system, transmitting and receiving data from (22). Illustrated with dotted curved lines passing through all numbered sections, these sensors measure air humidity, air temperature, water temperature, coolant temperature, space temperature (16), space humidity (16), process temperature (19), water flow, air flow, and other necessary data at each point within the cooling system.

[84] The Centralised process control, supported by Al-driven machine learning (22), receives real-time and forecasted data (01) on weather, air temperature, and humidity from external sources. This enables proactive regulation of water flow (03) and air flow (02), optimising water and energy use while minimising electricity consumption within (15) and throughout the entire cooling system, including (16). The system also forecasts maintenance needs and manages the storage of treated rainwater and greywater to ensure availability during periods of low rainfall or drought. Additionally, it proactively collects cold water in insulated storage tanks during cooler weather for use in hotter conditions, conserving water and electricity in the production of Second Air. Furthermore, it anticipates electricity storage needs, allowing for storage during non-peak hours or when renewable energy is available, to be utilised during peak hours or times of low availability, maximising the use of renewable electricity and reducing electricity costs.

[85] This invention reduces costs, conserves resources, and ensures smooth, uninterrupted operation by harmonizing with nature and leveraging engineering innovations, best practices, and Al-driven learning. By integrating natural processes with advanced Al-supported machine learning, it maximizes efficiency while supporting sustainable and resilient systems. Definitions in context to this invention: Evaporative Cooling: A process that lowers air temperature to its wet bulb temperature by increasing its relative humidity (RH%). Air chiller (evaporative Air Chiller): A system in which air and liquid are directly mixed, without the use of wet pads, to cool the air. Recirculated Coolant: A liquid (refrigerant) that is circulated within a closed loop, passing through the First, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth indirect heat exchangers in the cooling system. It flows through pipes between the said indirect heat exchangers. Indirect Heat Exchanger: A heat exchanger in which there is no direct contact between air and coolant, air and refrigerant, coolant and refrigerant, or coolant and coolant; heat is exchanged solely through a separating medium. Air: Refers to atmospheric air, First air, Second air, Third air, Fourth air, and Fifth air. First air: Refers to treated atmospheric air (chilled, dried, filtered) utilised in to produce Second air. External air or Fresh air: Refers to atmospheric air and treated atmospheric air. Water (water from external source): Refers to treated or untreated stored rain water, treated grey water, borewell water, stored treated or untreated water, produced chilled water stored in insulated tanks. Rock: Refers to any mined mineral, produced mineral, and industrial mineral waste of any size that can capture CO2from air and permanently sequester that captured CO2. Surplus water: Excess humidity, if any, remaining in air after condensation in the Second indirect heat exchanger. Recovery of surplus water: capturing and condensing excess humidity in air to water. Liquid: Refers to water or water-based solvent or water infused with a gas used in Air Chiller. Refrigerant: A Liquid used in refrigeration systems. Refrigeration system (Cooling system): System that uses a refrigerant. Lateral air Flow: The lateral movement of air through Air chiller, First, and Second indirect heat exchangers. Vertical airflow: The vertical movementof air through Air chiller, First, and Second indirect heat exchanger. Primary data: Critical data. Any other data is considered secondary. Primary sections: Main sections within the invented cooling system. Primarily regulate: Regulating the process from measuring and transmitting primary data in primary sections. Space Cooling (Cooling a Space): The process of lowering and maintaining the temperature within an indoor environment—such as a room, building, or other enclosed area—to achieve comfortable or controlled conditions. Space cooling systems work by removing excess heat from the indoor air, with a focus on maintaining optimal temperature, humidity, and air quality. These systems are particularly important when the ambient temperature outside is higher than the desired indoor temperature, or when heat is generated within the space itself, such as in data centers where equipment generates significant warmth. Insulated Tanks: Used to store chilled water produced during times when ambient air temperatures are at their lowest, either at specific times during the day or on cooler days throughout the week. Al technology proactively monitors and plans chilled water production and storage for optimal efficiency. Localised coolant or localised refrigerant: A coolant or refrigerant used within localised heat exchangers, such as those found in data centers. Localised Cooling or Process Cooling (Cooling a Process): Cooling methods specifically deployed in areas with high cooling demands, such as data centers or industrial facilities. While these methods vary in heat absorption and transfer techniques, they ultimately release the extracted heat into the atmosphere or an external environment. Examples of such localised cooling methods especially deployed in data centres include: 1. Immersion Cooling (Single- and Two-Phase): In single-phase, heat absorbed by the fluid is circulated to external heat exchangers or radiators, where it is released into the air. In two-phase immersion, vaporised fluid condenses in a heat exchanger, which then releases the heat to the atmosphere or into a secondary cooling system. 2. Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC): Thermoelectric coolers generate a hot side and a cold side. The cold side is applied to the CPU / GPU, and the hot side requires a heatsink or liquid cooling to remove the excess heat. That heat is then released into the atmosphere through fans or radiators. 3. Cold Plate with Direct Die Cooling: Cold plates are typically connected to a liquid cooling loop that eventually dumps the heat through radiators, releasing it into the atmosphere. 4. Liquid Metal TIM: Liquid metal increases thermal conductivity but ultimately transfers heat to a heatsink or liquid cooling loop, where it is eventually dissipated into the air. Reference links: 1 2 httpsr. / / wy!wJ,Ma.^.nterdyn^ the-lrnperative-shift-for-data-centers / 3 https: / / www.thetjmes.com / uk / technojoqy--uk / artjde / thsrsty--ch3tQpt--uses--fQUP ti(Pg.§.:n}9rQ:W<er4han7Pj:eyiouslyJhought-b^p,gswd(2^

Claims

Claim 1:A space or process or space and the process cooling comprising following steps:Pad-less Air chiller housed inside insulated chamber wherein the air or the First air of temperature X1 and RH% X2 flow is lateral or vertical mixes with the water producing Second air X1 lesser than the First air X1, and the Second air X2 greater than the First airX2.Second air flows laterally or vertically through the First indirect heat exchanger housed inside insulated chamber reducing the temperature of a recirculated coolant that flows inside the First indirect heat exchanger producing Third air X1 greater than the Second air X1, and the Third air X2 lesser than the Second air X2.Claim 2:Third air in claim 1 flows laterally or vertically through the Second indirect heat exchanger housed inside insulated chamber producing Fourth air.Claim 3:Fourth air in claim 2 contact with rock or atmosphere.Claim 4:The recirculated refrigerant in the claim 2 is looped with the Third indirect heat exchanger.Claim 5:The recirculated coolant in the claim 1 is sent to the Third indirect heat exchanger.Claim 6:The recirculated coolant in the claim 5 is sent to the Fourth indirect heat exchanger.Claim 7:The recirculated refrigerant in the Fourth heat exchanger as in claim 6 is looped to a refrigeration system.Claim 8:The recirculated coolant in claim 6 is sent to the Fifth indirect heat exchanger.Claim 9:The recirculated coolant in claim 6 is sent to the Sixth indirect heat exchanger.Claim 10:The recirculated coolant in claim 8 is sent to the First indirect heat exchanger.Claim 11:The recirculated coolant in claim 9 is sent to the First indirect heat exchanger.Claim 12:The First air in claim 1 is produced from drying or cooling or drying and cooling the atmospheric air.Claim 13:Air is recirculated in a duct between the Fifth indirect heat exchanger in claim 8 and space cooling.Claim 14:The loss or removal of recirculated air from the Fifth indirect heat exchanger in claim 13 is replaced by external air.Claim 15:The process from claim 1 to claim 15 is connected to sensors.Claim 16:Sensors in claim 15 transmit and receive data from Centralised process control assisted by Al machine learning.Claim 17:Al machine learning receives real-time and forecasted weather data.Claim 18:Al machine learning in claim 17 proactively inform and plan to store cold water in insulated tanks during the cold weather conditions and utilise it during warmer weather conditions to produce Second air.Claim 19:Al machine learning in claim 17 proactively inform and plan maintenance, stores renewable electricity during non-peak hours and high availability and utilise it during peak hours and low availability to operate process from claim 1 to claim 19.Claim 20:The Air Chiller, First indirect heat exchanger, and Second indirect heat exchanger in claim 1 to 2 are arranged laterally in a straight line.Claim 21:The Air Chiller, First indirect heat exchanger, and Second indirect heat exchanger in claim 1 to 2 are arranged vertically in a straight line.Claim 22:Each of Air Chiller, First indirect heat exchanger, and Second indirect heat exchanger in claim 1 to 2 are arranged laterally and stacked one above the other.Claim 23:At least Air Chiller in claim 1 is positioned vertically.

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