Sports apparatus

Abstract

An apparatus 1, for warming-up for swimming, comprising a collapsible frame and resistance cables that are couplable to the frame so as to provide cable segments 11, 12 adapted to be pulled by a user.

Description

Field

[001] The present invention provides a land-based swim simulation apparatus, more specifically a land-based swim simulation apparatus which can be transitioned from an erect to a collapsed configuration to facilitate carrying by the user. The invention also provides a method for warming-up for a swim using said apparatus and a kit for assembling an apparatus. The apparatus may preferably be used while the user is standing. Background

[002] Warming up before participating in sport is widely recognised as essential for improving performance and reducing the likelihood of injury. Swimming like many other sports requires participants to either engage in the activity itself in order to warm-up, albeit at an initially lower intensity, or instead to participate in an alternative activity, such as a short jog and / or activation drills (e.g. arm swings, squats, stretches). However, because swimming uses the muscles of the arms, shoulders and upper body for propulsion, the latter is often suboptimal. Whereas an in-water warm-up can be unachievable or undesirable when the water temperature is relatively cold, such as may be the case when open water swimming or a swim leg of a triathlon, or where lane access is restricted such as at a swimming gala.

[003] Indeed, the inventor observed that warming-up for junior swimming galas may be particularly problematic because the area around the pool may be crowded and even where access to the pool is permitted before racing begins, the time between the warm-up swim and the first race may long, for instance over an hour, and the gaps between races may be long too. Thus, even if the swimmer is warmed-up after their warm-up swim, they may no longer be optimally warmed-up by the time they race.

[004] Similar considerations apply to cooling-down, which is often neglected entirely by swimmers.

[005] Mechanical swim simulators in the past have been focussed on land-based training, rather than warming-up. Traditionally they have been large, cumbersome, operated with the athlete in a prone (face-down) position, and designed for use in a gym or at home, making them impractical for use close to where swimming will occur. There is a therefore an ongoing need for improved land-based apparatus to aid warming up and / or cooling down before or after swimming.

[006] The present invention addresses, at least in part, these and other problems associated with the prior art. Summary

[007] Thus, in a first aspect, the present invention provides apparatus for warming-up for swimming. The apparatus comprises a collapsible frame and one or more resistance cables. The apparatus may be free-standing. Preferably the apparatus is configured so that the user may be standing when warming up using the apparatus.

[008] The one or more resistance cables may be couplable and / or coupled to the frame so as to provide one or more cable segments adapted to be pulled by the user.

[009] Typically the cable segment(s) are immediately adjacent the cable end(s). The cable segments (ends) may be free in the sense that they are not fixed relative to the tower. The or each cable segment may be attached to a grip member or the or each segment of cable may be gripped by the user during use of the device. The grip member may be in form of a swim paddle, handle, or the like. Additionally, or alternatively, the segment of the cable may include a loop of the cable or comprise one or more abutments on the cable.

[010] The frame has an erect configuration in which the frame provides a longitudinally extending tower comprising at least an upper portion and lower portion, and wherein in the erect configuration an uppermost end of the upper portion is arranged above a lowermost end of the lower portion. In the erect configuration a segment of, typically an end of, the or each resistance cable may be pulled in a downward direction by a user when they (the user) have a vertical torso, typically an upright and vertical torso (e.g. they are upright with their craniocaudal axis substantially vertical). Preferably, in the erect configuration a segment of the or each resistance cable may be pulled in a downward direction by a user when they (the user) are kneeling and / or standing, most preferably when they are standing.

[011] The apparatus is typically free-standing in the erect configuration. By freestanding it is generally understood that the apparatus does not need to be attached to or supported by another structure to remain upright when in use, for instance relying on being coupled to a wall, fence, barrier, and / or a hole in the floor. The ability to be free-standing may limit the footprint of the apparatus in an erect configuration and / or allow for use in a wider range of locations.

[012] Preferably the segment of the apparatus which is gripped by the user during use (e.g. the or each gripping member and / or the or each section of the resistance cable) may be pulled from a position relatively nearer to or above shoulder height to a position relatively nearer to or below waist height. While the resistance cables are typically pulled in a generally downward direction (towards the floor) the movement may also include lateral (radially outward) component as the arms of the user may swing towards their hips. In use, the vertically downward component of the movement will typically be greater than the lateral component of the movement. The apparatus may include instructions to pull the cable(s) in a substantially vertically downward direction.

[013] The frame may have a collapsed configuration in which the end of the upper portion that was uppermost in the erect configuration is closer to the end of the lower portion that was lowermost in the erect configuration. In the collapsed configuration the longitudinal length of the tower and / or apparatus and / or frame may be reduced relative to the erect configuration.

[014] The apparatus may be configured to cyclically transition from the erect configuration to the collapsed configuration and back to the erect configuration, preferably repeatedly, typically by moving the upper portion relative to the lower portion. As the apparatus may be configured to cyclically transition from erect configuration to the collapsed configuration and back to the erect configuration (a complete cycle), the apparatus may be collapsed, transported, erected and used a great number of times. Preferably the apparatus may be transitioned through a complete cycle at least about one-hundred times, preferably at least about five-hundred times, preferably at least about one-thousand times, preferably at least about five-thousand times. Advantageously, this may be performed with negligible loss of function. That is to say performing each complete cycle may have substantially no deleterious effect on the integrity of the apparatus. Preferably the apparatus may be manually transitioned from the erect configuration to the collapsed configuration and / or from the collapsed configuration to the erect configuration independently, i.e. without the use of a separate tool, such as a screwdriver and / or hex key and / or spanner.

[015] The present invention thereby addresses problems identified with the prior art. It is collapsible and so may be easily transported and / or stored, and because may be used by the user while they are standing up or kneeling it has a footprint, in use, similar to that area required for traditional activation drills. Accordingly, the apparatus may be transported to near to where the activity is going to take place, such as the waterside (e.g. poolside or lakeside or beach) and / or used without significantly interfering with other athletes or passersby. And, by being usable without lying on a bench or similar, the user is less likely to overheat than with known swim simulation devices.

[016] Typically, the upper portion is coupled to the lower portion in the erect configuration and / or the collapsed configuration and / or throughout transition from the erect configuration to the collapsed configuration and / or throughout transition from the collapsed configuration to the erect configuration. Preferably the upper portion is directly coupled to the lower portion in an erect configuration. Typically the upper portion and lower portion are physically distinct; however, in embodiments, they may be integrally formed and / or monolithic. In the collapsed configuration the upper portion and lower portion may be coupled (directly or indirectly) or separate (decoupled).

[017] In embodiments, the upper portion and lower portion may decouple during the transition from the erect configuration to the collapsed configuration. When the upper portion and lower portion are configured to decouple, they may comprise mutually compatible male and female receiving ends, respectively, or the like, and / or mutually compatible threaded ends or the like, and / or a bayonet joint or the like.

[018] In embodiments, the upper portion and / or lower portion may include a secondary coupling for securing the portions relative to each other in the collapsed configuration, such as an integrated clasp. Alternatively, a separate secondary coupling may be provided for coupling the upper and lower portions together when in the collapsed configuration. The secondary coupling member may be a strap, tie, clip, bag, or the like.

[019] The apparatus may comprise a hinge for pivotally mounting the upper portion to the lower portion.

[020] Additionally, or alternatively, the upper portion may be slidable relative to the lower portion. The upper portion may be slidable relative to the lower portion and separable therefrom (they may decouple), or the upper portion may be slidable relative to the lower portion and inseparable therefrom.

[021] Additionally, or alternatively, the upper portion and lower portion may be in a telescopic configuration. In a telescopic configuration, the upper portion may be slidable within the lower portion (or vice-versa) to vary the distance between the end of the upper portion that is uppermost in an erect configuration and the end of the lower portion that is lowermost in said erect configuration. A clamping member may secure the upper portion relative to the lower portion in a non-slidable configuration. Preferably clamping member can secure the upper portion relative to the lower portion in a non-slidable configuration in at least an erect configuration and / or at least a collapsed configuration, preferably both such configurations.

[022] Preferably, the apparatus may be configured to be arranged in a plurality of erect configurations. Each erect configuration may provide a tower with a different height (longitudinal extent).

[023] The apparatus may have a fully collapsed configuration in which the end of the upper portion that is uppermost in an erect configuration cannot be brought any closer to the end of the lower portion that is lowermost in said erect configuration.

[024] In embodiments, the upper portion of the tower may comprise two or more arms or branches (e.g. a first segment and a second segment). A first arm may be a left arm and a second arm may be a right arm (left segment and right segment). Typically, they extend in a longitudinal direction. Typically they are non-parallel. Preferably they may substantially converge at or adjacent to the end of the first portion adjacent to the second portion when the apparatus is in an erect configuration.

[025] In embodiments, the right arm and the left arm may be pivotally attached to the lower portion of the tower. The right arm and the left arm may be folded so that they are substantially parallel (e.g. more parallel than in the erect configuration) to lower portion of the tower in a collapsed configuration.

[026] The lower portion and / or the or each arm may comprise a fixture for locking the arms next to the lower portion when in a collapsed configuration. The upper portion and / or the lower portion and / or the or each arm may comprise a fixture for locking the arms in an erect configuration. Additionally, or alternatively, a separate secondary coupling may be provided for coupling the or each arm and the lower portion together when in the collapsed configuration. The secondary coupling member may be a strap, tie, clip, bag, or the like.

[027] In embodiments the upper portion may comprise a lateral bracing member or yoke. The lateral bracing member may be configured to couple the right arm and the left arm. The lateral bracing member may be a fixture for locking the arms in an erect configuration. Preferably the lateral bracing member is at or towards an uppermost end of the right arm and the left arm. The lateral bracing member may be pivotally attached to one or other of the right arm or left arm. Additionally, or alternatively, the lateral bracing member may be removable from one or other, or both of, the left arm and / or the right arm.

[028] Preferably, one or more fixtures (e.g. one or more clamping locks) are provided for locking the apparatus in an erect configuration. Typically, when locked, the fixture may prevent the apparatus from transitioning from the erect to the collapsed configuration. Releasing the fixture (lock) may allow the transition from erect to collapsed configurations to be permitted. This may prevent the apparatus from unintentionally collapsing during use. Preferably, the fixture and / or lock are independently operable. That is to say, the lock and / or fixture is configured so that they do not require a key or other tool (e.g. a screwdriver) to unlock the fixture and / or lock. This may further simplify manufacture and use of the apparatus. Preferably the fixture is multi-use and / or remains substantially undamaged by locking the apparatus in an erect configuration and / or unlocking therefrom. Preferably the fixture may be used to lock the apparatus in an erect configuration and / or unlock therefrom at least about fifty times, preferably at least about one hundred times, preferably at least about five hundred times.

[029] In embodiments, the apparatus comprises an anti-tipping support. The antitipping support may be configured to maintain the apparatus in an erect configuration when the user is pulling on the resistance cable(s), for instance in a generally downward direction. In particular, the anti-tipping support may ensure that the balance of moments during the use of apparatus maintain the tower in a substantially upright arrangement. This may improve stability.

[030] The anti-tipping support may comprise one or more footplate(s) and / or one or more leg(s).

[031] Preferably the one or more anti-tipping supports are configured to extend outwardly from the tower in a generally transverse direction, typically at or adjacent a base thereof (e.g. the lowermost end of the lower portion).

[032] Preferably the or each anti-tipping support is movable relative to the tower from a stabilising configuration in which the or each anti-tipping support extends radially outwardly from the base of the tower to a storage configuration in which the longitudinal central axis of the or each of the anti-tipping support is more parallel to, preferably substantially parallel to, the lower portion of the tower. Preferably the or each anti-tipping support may cyclically transitioned from the storage configuration to the stabilising configuration and back to the storage configuration repeatedly. Preferably the or each anti-tipping support may be manually transitioned from the storage configuration to the stabilising configuration and / or from the stabilising configuration to the storage configuration independently, i.e. without the use of a separate tool, such as a screwdriver and / or hex key and / or spanner

[033] In an embodiment the anti-tipping support comprises one or more, preferably one or two, footplates. The or each footplate may extend radially outwardly from the base of the tower below the or each segment of the cable pulled by the user. Preferably, footplate extends predominantly in a direction towards where the user will stand during use. Preferably, the user may stand on the or each footplate during use. This may improve stability.

[034] Preferably the footplate is movable relative to the tower from a stabilising configuration in which the footplate extends radially outwardly from the base of the tower to a storage configuration in which the plane of the footplate is more parallel to, preferably substantially parallel to, the lower portion of the tower.

[035] Typically, the footplate includes a female mating member or male mating member for mating with a lowermost portion of lower portion of the tower.

[036] The footplate may include one or more, typically two, support arms which extend from the footplate to the tower, typically the lower portion of the tower. The or each of the one or more support arms may be separable from the footplate and / or tower. Additionally, or alternatively, the or each of the one or more support arms may be pivotally attached to the footplate and / or tower, preferably the lower portion of the tower. The or each support arm may be attached to the lower portion of the tower by a slidable cuff. The cuff may include a clamp or other locking member for fixing the cuff relative to the tower. The cuff may be locked in a plurality of positions including a supporting and a storage configuration of the footplate.

[037] Additionally, or alternatively, the or each of the one or more support arms may be received on or in a male or female mating member located on the footplate or tower, preferably a lower portion thereof.

[038] The use of support arms may improve the rigidity and / or stability of the device.

[039] Typically, the apparatus comprises a fixture for locking anti-tipping support (footplate or leg(s)) in a stabilising configuration where the anti-tipping support extends radially outwardly from the base of the tower. Preferably the fixture for locking the antitipping support can be locked and / or unlocked manually, preferably independently (i.e. without he need for a separate tool).

[040] The footplate may include one or more visual indicators to show the user where to place their feet on the footplate. Additionally, or alternatively, the footplate may include one or more foot grips. The or each foot grip may itself provide the or each visual indicator to show the user where to place their feet on the footplate. The or each foot grip may be in the form of one or more protrusions and / or concavities and / or a textured area on the footplate. The concavities may be in form of laterally extending channels. In embodiments, the or each protrusion and / or the or each textured area may be elastomeric. The foot grip(s) may reduce the likelihood of the user from slipping on the footplate in use, particularly if their feet are wet and / or allow water to run away from under the feet of the user while they are operating the apparatus.

[041] The apparatus may comprise one, two, or more resistance cables. In embodiments with one cable (elastomeric or otherwise) a central portion of the cable may be coupled to the tower with both ends of the cable free (i.e. not themselves fixed relative to the tower). In embodiments with two resistance cables one end of each cable may be coupled to the tower and one end of each cable may be free. In embodiments with two resistance cables preferably the cables are independently operable. That is to say, pulling on one cable may not pull on the other cable. This may allow synchronised and sequential pulling of the cables.

[042] In embodiments the one or more resistance cables are elastomeric.

[043] The or each resistance cable (elastomeric or otherwise) may include a fastener at one or both ends thereof. The fastener may be a loop, hook or shackle, such as a metal loop with a spring-loaded gate (i.e. a carabiner). The fastener may attach the one or more cables to the remainder of the apparatus, such as to the tower or footplate. The apparatus may therefore include a cable holder or anchoring point, such as clamp, loop, hook or shackle, such as a carabiner, for receiving the fastener and / or resistance cable. Preferably, when a cable includes a shackle, such as a carabiner, the cable holder or anchoring point is a loop, and vice-versa.

[044] When a single resistance cable is employed, the cable holder may be a clamp, loop, helical groove, hook or shackle, typically located on the tower, preferably towards or at a top thereof, or on the footplate. A central portion of the resistance cable (elastomeric or otherwise) may be held at the anchoring point.

[045] In an embodiment, the or each resistance cable may comprises a first relatively inelastic resistance cable coupled to a rotatable take-up spool for winding thereon. The relatively inelastic cable may be a cord, rope or chain, preferably a cord. The takeup spool may also be coupled to a second relatively elastic resistance cable. The second relative elastic resistance cable may be coupled to the remainder of the apparatus, such as the tower. The spool and first inelastic resistance cable and second elastic resistance cable have a resting configuration in which the first cable is wound around the take-up spool. The spool and first inelastic resistance cable and second elastic resistance cable have a fully-extended configuration in which the first cable is substantially unwound from the take-up spool and more of the elastic cable than in the rest configuration is wound onto the spool. Thus, as the user pulls on a free end of the first resistance cable, said cable unwinds from the take up spool. As the first cable unwinds, the take-up spool rotates, and winds-up a portion of the second relatively elastic resistance cable. As the second relatively elastic resistance cable is taken up by the take-up spool the second cable is stretched. This provides resistance. The user may pull the free end of cable until the first cable is substantially unwound from the spool. Preferably, the apparatus is configured such that the first cable is not fully unwound during normal use. When the user stops pulling on the free end of the first cable (e.g. releases the first relatively inelastic cable), the elastic energy stored in the second elastic cable may urge the first inelastic cable and spool back to the resting configuration.

[046] The take-up spool may be coupled to a fluid brake, preferably an air brake. The fluid brake is configured so that it provides resistance to the rotation of the spool as the first resistance cable is unwound from the spool. The fluid brake, preferably airbrake, may comprise a rotor comprising an array of rotor blades and preferably a housing. A fluid brake may be preferable as the resistance provided by the fluid brake will increase with increased velocity.

[047] Preferably the fluid brake may include a flywheel.

[048] Preferably the take-up spool is coupled to the fluid brake, and when present the optional flywheel, by a one-way clutch configured such that the fluid brake, and when present optional flywheel, does not act on the take-up spool while the spool is returning to the rest configuration.

[049] Typically, the apparatus will comprise two take-up spools. Each take-up spool may have its own fluid brake and optional flywheel as described above. Preferably the two take-up spools are coupled to the same single fluid brake and same single optional flywheel. Preferably each take-up spool is coupled to the fluid brake and optional flywheel by a one-way clutch, preferably its own dedicated one-way clutch. Thus each take-up spool may be independently operable. Thus, the spools may be rotated sequentially or in a synchronised manner.

[050] Preferably, the resistance provided by the take-up spool mechanism is selectively variable. In embodiments, this may be achieved by adjusting the position of the blades of the fluid brake.

[051] In embodiments, metrics relating to work performed by the user when using the apparatus is provided on a display. The display may be integrated with the apparatus or in embodiments it may be a mobile phone. If a mobile phone, then a mobile phone support may be provided on the tower.

[052] In embodiments of the invention, the or each resistance cable comprises a grip for holding by the user, preferably the grip is a swimming paddle.

[053] Preferably, the or each resistance cable in which an end of the resistance cable or resistance cable grip may be pulled from a starting position, which is above or relatively close to a shoulder height of the user to a finishing position which is below or relatively close to a waist level of the user. This allows a full range of movement to facilitate proper warming up of the muscles of the shoulder, arms, and torso.

[054] Preferably, one or more of the height of the tower and / or the height above the footplate of the starting position of the end of the resistance cables and / or the permitted length of travel of the resistance cables and / or the length of the resistance cables are selectively variable.

[055] In a further aspect the invention may provide a method for warming up for a swim comprising providing an apparatus according to apparatus aspects of the invention in a collapsed configuration, optionally moving the apparatus to near to where swimming will take place; transitioning the apparatus to an erect configuration; repetitively pulling on the one or more cables, and optionally transitioning the apparatus to a collapsed configuration, and preferably swimming.

[056] In the erect configuration a segment of the or each resistance cable may be pulled in a downward direction by a user when they (the user) have a substantially vertical torso, preferably upright and vertical. Otherwise, referred to as upright with their craniocaudal axis vertical. Preferably, in the erect configuration a segment of the or each resistance cable may be pulled in a downward direction by a user when they (the user) are kneeling and / or standing, most preferably when they are standing. The user may be standing throughout each step of the method of the invention. Preferably the user is standing or kneeling while repetitively pulling on the one or more cables, most preferably standing.

[057] In a further aspect the invention may provide a kit for assembling an apparatus as described herein, the kit comprising, at least one of i) a plurality of upper portions of different length, ii) a plurality of lower portions of different length, and / or iii) a plurality of different resistances cables. Each of i), ii) and iii) may be provided in separate boxes. The kit may further comprise a remainder of an apparatus. The remainder of the apparatus may be provided in one or more boxes. The kit may include instructions for assembling the apparatus and / or for transitioning the frame from a collapsed configuration to an erect configuration and / or for transitioning the frame from an erect configuration to a collapsed configuration. The kit may also include instructions for warming up according to the method aspects of the invention described herein. The instructions may be printed and / or digital. The kit may also include a skipping rope, typically in one of the boxes.

[058] The invention also provides a kit for assembling an apparatus as described herein comprising a collapsible frame as described in the first aspect of the invention and instructions to to couple an elastomeric resistance cable, or one or more user interfaces in combination with an elastomeric resistance cable, to the collapsible frame, preferably wherein the or each user interface is a swim paddle, preferably wherein the frame is provided in a box or other container and the instructions are provided in and / or on the box or other container, preferably the same box or container. Additionally, or alternatively, the instructions may be printed and / or digital. The box or container may contain or have printed thereon directions to where digital instructions may be found, e.g. online. The kit may also include instructions for warming up according to the method aspects of the invention described herein. The instructions may be printed and / or digital. Again, the box or container may contain or have printed thereon directions to where digital instructions may be found, e.g. online. The or each of the elastomeric resistance cable and / or user interfaces may be provide separately, for example in a one or more separate boxes. Additionally, or alternatively, the elastomeric resistance cable may be one which is preowned by the user. Brief Description of the Figures The invention will now be disclosed by reference to the following non-limiting Figures.

[059] Figure 1 shows an apparatus according to the invention.

[060] Figure 2 shows a part of an apparatus according to the invention.

[061] Figure 3 shows an apparatus according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

[062] Figure 4 shows an apparatus according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

[063] Figure 5a to 5d show a footplate according to the invention.

[064] Figure 6 shows a frame in an erect configuration.

[065] Figure 7 shows a frame in a collapsed configuration.

[066] Figure 8 shows resistance cables and a plurality of alternative separate user interfaces for use therewith.

[067] Figure 9 shows a resistance cable. Detailed Description

[068] The present invention may provide a portable land-based swim simulation apparatus.

[069] As exemplified in Figure 1, the apparatus (1) may comprise a longitudinally extending tower (2). The tower may extend from a base thereof (3) to a top thereof (4), and comprise at least an upper portion (5) and lower portion (6).

[070] The apparatus comprises one or more resistance cables (11, 12), the one or more resistance cables being located in the upper portion (5) of the tower (2) at or adjacent a top (4) thereof and having two sections (11,12) for pulling by the user. In the exemplified apparatus the sections (11,12) are each coupled to a swimming paddle (9,10). Each swimming paddle (9,10) is preferably removable.

[071] The illustrated tower (2) is shown in an erect configuration in which the upper portion (5) is arranged above the lower portion (6) and in which the resistance cables (11,12) hang from the tower (2) and may be pulled in a generally downward direction by the user (not shown) when they (the user) are standing.

[072] The tower (2) has a collapsed configuration (not shown) in which the base (3) is closer to the top (4) than in the erect configuration. The apparatus (1) is configured to reciprocally transition between the erect configuration and the collapsed configuration by moving the upper portion (5) relative to the lower portion (6).

[073] In the illustrated embodiment, the upper portion (5) comprises a left arm (7), a right arm (8) and a lateral bracing member or yoke (13). The left arm (7) and right arm (8) are pivotally attached to the lower portion (6). As illustrated the left arm (7) and right arm (8) are attached to the lower portion (6) by a right arm hinge (15) and a left arm hinge (14), respectively. As illustrated, the yoke (13) may be pivotally attached to an arm (7) of the upper portion. In the figure, the yoke (13) is attached to the arm (7) by a yoke hinge (16). In the illustrated example, the yoke is pivotally attached to the left arm (7) of the upper portion (5) of the tower (2); however the skilled person would appreciate that the yoke could equally be pivotally attached to the right arm of the upper portion of the tower.

[074] The yoke (13) may be configured to reversibly couple with the upper portion (5) of the tower, preferably by reversibly interlocking therewith. Preferably the yoke (13) is configured to reversibly interlock with at least one arm (8) of an upper portion (5) of the tower. The yoke may be configured to reversibly interlock with both arms of a twoarmed upper portion of a tower. Additionally, or alternatively, the yoke may be configured to pivotally attach to one or both arms of a two-armed upper portion of a tower. The pivotal attachment may be reversible or substantially permanent. In the illustrated embodiment, the yoke (13) is substantially permanently attached to an arm (7) of the upper portion of the tower by a hinge (14). The yoke (13) is interlockable with the other arm (8), typically by a latch (not shown). The reversible interlock is preferably independently lockable and unlockable. That is to say it may be locked and unlocked without the use of a tool, such as a screwdriver, key or the like.

[075] The illustrated yoke acts as a fixture for locking the right and left arm, and / or the tower, in the erect configuration.

[076] As shown in Figure 1, the apparatus (1) may have anti-tipping support (17). The illustrated anti-tipping support is a footplate (17). The footplate (17) may be attached to a base of the tower. The footplate (17) may be attached to a lowermost end of the lower portion (6) of the tower. The footplate extends radially outwardly from the base of the tower, preferably at least in a direction such that it extends below the sections of the one or more resistance cables that are pulled during use (11, 12). The footplate may also extend radially outwardly to the side of the tower, (e.g. to the left and right of the tower). This may provide further stability. Preferably the footplate extends radially outwardly to the side of the tower such that it is (i.e. has a width, w) at least as wide (w’) as the sections of the resistance cable that are pulled downward during use when they are in an at rest (unextended) configuration. The footplate may also extend in a rearward direction from the tower (i.e. behind the tower). This may improve safety and stability.

[077] The illustrated footplate is pivotally attached to the tower at a base thereof. In the illustrated embodiment the footplate is attached to the tower by a hinge. The footplate also includes a concavity (not shown) for receiving the lower portion of the tower.

[078] The footplate also includes two support arms (18, 19). The illustrated support arms (18, 19) are a single unitary component. The or each support arm (18, 19) may be pivotally attached to the footplate (17) and / or the tower (2), preferably a lower portion of the tower (6). The or each support arm (18, 19) may be attached to the footplate (17) by a hinge (20). The or each support arm (18, 19) may be reversibly attached to the tower (2), preferably by a fixture such as a clip (not shown). The fixture may lock the footplate (17) in a supporting configuration.

[079] The footplate (17) may include one or more wheels (21, 22). This may aid transportation in the erect configuration.

[080] The footplate (17) may include one or more visual indicators (23, 24) to show the user where to place their feet. Additionally or alternatively the footplate (17) may include one or more foot grips. The or each foot grip may be in the form of a protrusion and / or concavity. The concavities may be in form of laterally extending channels. In the illustrated embodiment, the footplate (17) includes two textured areas (23,24). The skilled person would appreciate that one textured area could also be used. The textured area(s) (23,24) may be elastomeric.

[081] As illustrated in Figures 5a-5d, the underside of the footplate (17) may be provided with one or more elastomeric footpad(s) (25) and / or one or more spike(s) (26). This may prevent the apparatus sliding on hard surfaces (such as ceramic tiles) and / or soft surfaces (such as grass). Preferably the footpad(s) and / or spike(s) are removable.

[082] Turning back to Figure 1, the illustrated example includes a rotor housing (27). Inside the rotor housing may be a rotor. The rotor may comprise an array of rotor blades. The rotor may act as an airbrake. The rotor may be coupled to a flywheel.

[083] As better illustrated in Figure 2, a rotor and flywheel (not visible) are coupled to a rotor shaft (28). Suitable rotors and flywheels are discussed in US4875674 and US4396188 which are incorporated herein by reference, and manufactured by Concept2 Inc. The rotor shaft (28) is coupled to a pair of take-up spools (29, 30). Each take-up spool (29, 30) being coupled to the rotor shaft (28) by a one-way clutch. The one-way clutches being configured such that pulling on the resistance cables (31, 32) will turn the spin the rotor. The spinning rotor and flywheel may not however pull on the resistance cables.

[084] The illustrated example also includes a display (115) for showing metrics relating to the work being performed by the user. Suitable means for measuring the work being performed rotating a flywheel in an exercise machine are described in US4875674 which is incorporated herein by reference.

[085] In the illustrated embodiment, each resistance cable comprises a relatively inelastic resistance cord (31, 32). The relatively inelastic cord (31, 32) is coupled to a rotatable take-up spool (29, 30) for winding thereon, which take-up spool (29, 30) is in turn coupled to a relatively elastic cable (33, 34). The second relatively elastic cable (33, 34) is run through a series of pulleys (35) and coupled (36) to the tower (2).

[086] The or each spool (29, 30) and first relatively inelastic cord (31,32) and second relatively elastic cable (33, 34) have a resting configuration (shown) in which the first relatively inelastic cord (31, 32) is wound around the take-up spool (29, 30). The spool and first relatively inelastic cord (31, 32) and second relatively elastic cable (33, 34) have a fully-extended configuration in which the first relatively inelastic cord (31, 32) is unwound, preferably substantially entirely unwound, from the take-up spool (29, 30) and more of the relatively elastic cable (33, 34) than in the rest configuration is wound onto the take-up spool (29, 30). Thus, as the user pulls on a section of a first relatively inelastic cord (31, 32), said cord unwinds from the take-up spool. As said first relatively inelastic cord (31, 32) unwinds, the take-up spool (29, 30) rotates, and winds-up a portion of a second relatively elastic cable (33, 32) attached thereto. As the second relatively elastic cable (33, 34) is taken up by the take-up spool (29, 30) the second relatively elastic cable (33, 34) is stretched. The rotating take-up spool (29, 30) causes the one-way clutch to engage the rotor shaft (28) and turn the rotor and flywheel. This provides resistance.

[087] The user may pull the or each first relatively inelastic cord until it is unwound from its spool (29, 30) or one or more stroke-limiting abutments located on the cord engage with the remainder of the apparatus to restrict further movement. Preferably, the apparatus is configured such that the or each first relatively elastic cord may not be fully unwound from the take-up spool (29, 30) during normal use. This may facilitate successful winding and unwinding. When the user stops pulling the or each first relatively inelastic cord (31, 32), the one-way clutch may disengage the rotor shaft from the or each take-up spool (29, 30). This may allow the rotor shaft (28), rotor and flywheel to spin freely. The user may allow the elastic energy stored in the or each second relatively elastic cable (33, 34) to urge the or each first relatively inelastic cord (31, 32) and the or each spool (29, 30) back to a resting configuration.

[088] The rotor housing (27) and the rotor and flywheel contained therein may be selectively removable from the remainder of the apparatus (1). This may facilitate carrying of the apparatus (1). Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus (1) may be configured to transition from an erect to a collapsed configuration with the rotor housing (27) and its contents in situ. Similarly, the apparatus may be configured so that the footplate (17) may be transitioned from a stabilising configuration in which the footplate (17) extends radially outwardly from the base (3) of the tower (2) to a storage configuration in which it is substantially parallel to the lower portion (6) of the tower (2) with the rotor housing (27) and its contents in situ.

[089] To transition the apparatus (1) from an erect to a collapsed configuration the fixture holding the support arm(s) (18, 19) is released. The support arms (19, 18) are then folded town so that they lay substantially parallel with the footplate (17). The tower (2) may be rotated about the hinge (37) coupling a lower portion (6) of the tower (2) to the footplate (17). This allows the tower (2) to be lowered to the ground. In this configuration the footplate (17) may be substantially parallel to the lower portion (6) of the tower (2).

[090] The yoke (13) may be detached from one of the arms (8) of the tower (2). This may allow the two arms (7, 8) to be rotated about their arm hinges (14, 15). The arms (14,15) may preferably fold such that they lay substantially parallel to the lower portion (6) of the tower (2). Thus, the distal-ends of the arms (i.e. the top of the tower) are located closer to the base (3) (proximal end) of the tower (2). The yoke (13) may also fold about its hinge (16) into a storage configuration in which it is substantially parallel with the arm (7) to which it is attached and / or the lower portion (6) of the tower (2).

[091] The rotor housing (27) may be removable. The rotor housing (27) is preferably removable from the remainder of the apparatus with the rotor and flywheel housed inside. This may aid carrying. The footplate (17) may be folded so that it is parallel with the lower portion (6) of the tower (2). Thus the apparatus (2) may be folded into a relatively compact configuration for carrying.

[092] The apparatus may include a handle (38) to aid carrying or may be supplied with a bag or detachable handle to facilitate carrying.

[093] Preferably the tower (2), including the upper portion (5) and / or lower portion (6) and / or the or each arm (7, 8) of the upper portion (5) and / or the yoke (13), and / or footplate (17), are made from a metallic material and / or polymeric material and / or a composite material, such as a glass fibre reinforced polymer and / or a carbon fibre reinforced polymer. If metallic, preferably the metal is corrosion resistant and / or coated with a corrosion resistant coating. Suitable metallic material for use herein include stainless steel, and / or aluminium and / or alloys thereof, and / or titanium and / or alloys thereof.

[094] Preferably the apparatus weighs less than about 15 kg, more preferably less than about 10 kg, more preferably less than about 5 kg. This may aid carrying.

[095] Preferably the apparatus has a total height of from about 1.7 m to about 2.5 m, preferably from about 1.8 m to about 2.2 m. In embodiments, the height of the tower in the erect configuration may be adjustable. Preferably all components of the apparatus and / or frame are less than about 1.2 m, preferably less than about are less than about 1.1 m, in length. For instance, the length of the or each of the upper portion (a) and / or lower portion (b) and / or footplate (c) are all less than about 1.2 m, preferably less than about 1.1m, preferably less than about 1.0 m. Preferably when in a collapsed configuration the apparatus is less than about 1.3 m in length (L), preferably less than about 1.2 m in length. This may facilitate transportation and / or storage, particularly in the boot / trunk of a car / automobile.

[096] Figure 3 shows an alternative example of an apparatus (301) according to the invention in its erect configuration. The features of the apparatus (301) are the same as in Figure 1 unless mentioned otherwise. In particular, the apparatus (301) of Figure 3 comprises a tower (302) comprising an upper portion (305) and a lower portion (306), and a foldable footplate (317). The footplate (317) includes foldable support arms (318,319). The footplate (317) includes wheels (321, 322). The footplate (317) includes a pair of textured footpads (323, 324). The upper portion (305) of the tower (302) comprises a foldable left arm (307) and a foldable right arm (308) and a movable lateral bracing beam (or yoke) (313) extending therebetween. The apparatus shown in Figure 3 does not include the rotor system disclosed above in relation to Figures 1 and 2. Instead the apparatus in Figure 2 uses a single resistance cable (40). Suitable resistance cables are available from FINIS Inc., NZ Manufacturing, BornToSwim, and other manufacturers.

[097] The resistance cable (40) in has two free ends with swim paddles (309, 310) attached thereto. The resistance cable (40) comprises an elastomeric cord. Examples of suitable cables are illustrate in Figures 8 and 9. Each free end of the resistance cable includes a swim paddle, although these may be replaced with another form of user interface such as grip or abutment.

[098] The resistance cable (40) is removably coupled to the upper portion (305) of the tower by two cable holders (41, 42). In some embodiments the resistance cable (40) may be held by a single substantially central cable holder. The or each cable holder (41, 42) may be a projection, hook, loop or clamp, or other such means for holding the cable (40) in place.

[099] The cable holder may lock or hold the resistance cable in position such that the resistance cable does not slide relative to the cable holder during use. This may be preferrable when sequential pulling of the free cable ends is required.

[100] Alternatively, the cable holder may allow the resistance cable to be held in a slidable configuration (e.g. the cable may be slide over the cable holder). This may allow more convenient set up and / or is more favourable for simultaneous pulling of the free cable ends.

[101] A cable holder may provide an abutment against which the resistance cable may be pulled to stretch the cable. Two laterally spaced cable holders may be preferred. This may allow the user to pull each cable more comfortably.

[102] An apparatus configured to use a single elastomeric resistance cable is advantageous. It is both simpler to design and maintain. Furthermore, by providing a selection of different cables with different elasticity and / or lengths, the apparatus may be easily configured for users of different strengths and / or heights and / or reaches. Relatively longer resistance cables may be provided for users with relatively shorter reaches and vice versa. Relatively more resistant (higher elastic modulus) cables may be provided for relatively stronger users. Thus, the set-up of the apparatus may be configured to the specific user.

[103] The apparatus includes a mobile phone holder. The mobile phone holder enables a mobile phone to be held in a position where metrics relating to the work done by the user (such as heart rate or a timer) may be displayed. The mobile phone holder comprises an ledge (117) and clamping member (116).

[104] The invention may be provided in the form of a kit (modular system) comprising one or more resistance cables, one or more upper portions, one or more lower portions, and one or more footplates. The kit being configured so that the user may select one of each component of the kit and assemble an apparatus according to the other aspects of the invention. In a preferred embodiment the kit comprises a plurality of resistance cables, a single upper portion (e.g. the two-armed arrangement in Fig. 3 or the arrangement in Fig. 4), a single lower portion and a single footplate. Preferably, when a plurality of resistance cables are provided they may have a range of lengths and / or elasticities and / or material constructions. The range of resistance cables may be provided with different free ends (user interfaces) for pulling on by the user, such as swim paddles, grips, loops and / or abutments. Additionally, or alternatively, the or each cable free end may comprise a connector, such as a gated-hook. Preferably, the or each connector is configured to attach to a plurality of different user-interfaces, such as paddles, grips, loops and / or abutments. In embodiments, the resistance cable may be a length of a physiotherapy resistance band or loop or similar.

[105] When a plurality of upper portions and / or lower portions are provided, the upper portions may each have a range of lengths and / or material constructions and / or lower portions may each have a range of lengths and / or material constructions.

[106] Figure 4 shows an apparatus (401) according to the invention. The apparatus (401) is illustrated in an erect configuration in which it is free-standing. The apparatus (401) comprises a collapsible tower (402), comprising an upper portion (405) and a lower portion (406). The upper portion (405) is removable from the lower portion (406). One or more fixtures (43, 44) hold the upper portion (405) and lower portion (406) together. The upper portion (405) and lower portion (406) are separable. The tower (402) is coupled to an anti-tipping support in the form of a footplate (417). The tower (402) and footplate (417) are separable. One or more fixtures (not visible) reversibly hold the lower portion (406) and footplate (417) together.

[107] The lower portion (406) of the tower (402) may be disconnected from the footplate (417). The footplate (417) is coupled to support arms (418,419). The support arms (418, 419) are reversibly coupled to the tower (402). The support arms (418, 419) may be folded substantially flat against the footplate (417). The footplate (417) comprises a pair of textured footpads (423, 424) that both indicate to the user where to stand and provide a non-slip surface for the user. The footplate (417) includes a pair of wheels (421, 422) to aid movement of the apparatus when the apparatus (402) is in an erect configuration.

[108] The tower (402) includes a lateral bracing member (yoke) (413) and two bracing member support arms (45,46). The bracing member (413) further includes two cable holders (441, 442). The cable holders (441, 442) may be as described in relation to Figure 3.

[109] The apparatus includes a pair of elastomeric resistance cables (440, 447) with swim paddles (409, 410) at each free end thereof. The swim paddles in this example and the example of Figure 3 may be as illustrated in Figure 8

[110] The apparatus in Figure 4 may be collapsed by the following method. The resistance cables (440, 447) may be removed. The fixtures (43, 44) attaching the upper portion (405) to the lower portion (406) may be released. The upper portion (405) may be lifted from the lower portion (406). The support arms (418, 419) may be unclipped from the lower portion (406) of the tower (402). The support arms (419, 418) may be folded downwards so that they are substantially adjacent the footplate (417). The fixtures attaching the footplate (417) to the lower portion (406) of the tower may be released. The lower portion (406) of the tower may be lifted from the footplate (417). The separated upper portion (405) and lower portion (406) may be laid on the footplate (417) for carrying. The reverse procedure may be followed to re-erect the apparatus (401).

[111] Figures 5a-d show an underside of a footplate usable in the apparatus of Figures 1, 3 and 4.

[112] The underside of the footplate (517) may be provided with one or more elastomeric footpad(s) (25) and / or one or more spike(s) (26). These may, respectively, prevent the apparatus sliding across hard surfaces (such as ceramic tiles) and / or soft surfaces (such as grass). Preferably the footpad(s) (25) and / or spike(s) (26) are removable. The underside of the footplate may include one or more fixtures for reversibly coupling the footpad(s) (25) or spike(s) (26) to the footplate (517). The illustrated fixture is in form of a plate (48) with a threaded screw hole (49). The footpad(s) (25) and / or spikes(s) (26) each have correspondingly threaded screws for screwing into the threaded screw hole(s) (49).

[113] The underside of the footplate (517) is preferably waterproof and / or water resistant. A polymeric underside is preferable. The fixture plate may be polymeric or metallic. If metallic, preferably the fixture plate(s) comprise(s) stainless steel or aluminium or titanium. The spike(s) may be polymeric or metallic. If metallic, preferably the spike(s) comprise(s) stainless steel or aluminium or titanium. This may improve the longevity of the apparatus.

[114] Referring now to Figure 6 which illustrates a collapsible frame (601) of the invention. When combined with an elastomeric resistance cable as illustrated in Figure 8 or 9, the collapsible (601) shown in Figure 6 provides free-standing land-based swim simulation apparatus according to the invention. The collapsible frame (601) comprises a longitudinally extending tower (602), the tower extending from a base (603) thereof to a top thereof (50). The tower (602) comprises an upper portion (605) and lower portion (606).

[115] The collapsible fame (601) in Figure 6 is typically configured for use with one resistance cable at a time, although it may be part of a kit comprising a plurality of resistance cables.

[116] The collapsible frame (601) has an erect configuration (shown) in which the upper portion (605) of the tower (602) is arranged above the lower portion (606) of the tower (602). In the erect configuration, the resistance cables are hangable from the tower (602) such that they may be pulled in a generally downward direction by a user when they (the user) are standing.

[117] The collapsible frame (601) has a collapsed configuration, better shown in Figure 7, in which the base (603) of the tower (602) is closer to the top (50) of the tower (602) than when in the erect configuration, better shown in Figure 6.

[118] The collapsible frame (601) is configured to repeatedly transition between the erect configuration and the collapsed configuration by moving the upper portion (605) relative to the lower portion (606).

[119] The collapsible frame (601) in Figure 6 comprises a tower (602) having an upper portion (605) and a lower portion (606). The upper portion is located above the lower portion (606). The upper portion (605) is slidable relative to the lower portion (606). In particular, the upper portion (605) may slide within the lower portion (606). The upper portion (605) and lower portion (606) are in a telescopic configuration. A clamp (51) is provided to hold the upper portion (605) still relative to the lower portion (606). The clamp / fixture (51) may hold the apparatus in a fully erect configuration and / or a fully collapsed configuration and / or any erect configuration therebetween. In embodiments, the height of the tower in the erect configuration may be adjustable. The illustrated clamp comprises a cuff (52) with a quick-release cam clamp (53), although a screw-lock, grub screw or other form of clamping means could be used.

[120] The frame (601) in Figure 6 also includes an anti-tipping support. The antitipping support is in the form of two-laterally extending legs (55, 56). Each leg (55, 56) is pivotally attached (59) to the lower portion (606) of the tower. The leg (55, 56) comprises a covering (57, 58) at a distal end thereof. The covering (57, 58) may comprises an elastomeric material. The base (603) of the tower (602) may also comprise a covering (88), which may be made from an elastomeric material, preferably the same material as the or each leg end covering (57, 58). The or each covering (57, 58) may reduce slipping of the apparatus and / or protect the floor and / or leg and / or tower from scratching.

[121] The or each laterally extending leg (55, 56) may be locked into a supporting configuration. In the illustrated embodiment, each leg (55, 56) is coupled to a support arm (60, 61). A distal end of the or each support arm (60, 61) is pivotally attached (89, 62) to the or each leg (56) of the anti-tipping support. A proximal end of the or each support arm (60, 61) is pivotally connected to a cuff (63) located on the lower portion (606) of the tower (602). The cuff (63) is slidable along the lower portion (606) of the tower (602). The cuff (63) comprises a clamp (64) for locking the cuff in a fixed position relative to the lower portion (606) of the tower (602), the clamp is may be a quickrelease cam clamp, but may be any other means suitable for fixing the cuff relative to the lower portion (606), for instance a grub screw or the like. The anti-tipping support may be lockable in a stabilising configuration. The cuff (63) and clamp (64) provide a fixture for doing so.

[122] It will be appreciated that the or each cuff can be located on the support arm and the hinge on the lower portion (606) of the tower. However, the illustrated arrangement, only one clamp is required, simplifying deployment and / or collapse of the frame (601).

[123] The legs and upper and lower portions (606) may be made from metallic material and / or polymeric material and / or composite material, preferably tubing. Metallic tubing may be aluminium tubing.

[124] The upper portion (605) of the tower (602) includes an anchoring point or cable holder (65). The cable holder (65) is in the form of a clamp comprising a pair of jaws (66, 67). The cable holder (65) may be locked in closed configuration, typically when coupled to the resistance cable. The illustrated jaws are biased towards an open configuration. In this instance, they are biased by a helical spring (69). A cam clamp (68) is configured to close the jaws (66, 67). The cam clamp (68) may release the closed jaws to be reopened under the action of the spring (69). The cam clamp (68) may lock the jaws (66, 67) in a closed configuration.

[125] The cable holder (65) is pivotally mounted (71) to the upper portion (5) of the tower adjacent to a distal end thereof (50) (e.g. adjacent the uppermost end of the tower in the erect configuration). The cable holder (65) may be moved from a deployed configuration (as shown) to a storage configuration in which the cable holder (65) protrudes less radially than in the deployed configuration. In a storage configuration (such as better shown in Figure 7) the cable holder (65) is generally parallel to the upper (605) and / or lower portion (606) of the tower.

[126] The cable holder (65) further comprises a fixture for locking the holder in the deployed and / or storage configuration (73). The illustrated fixture (73) comprises a ratchet and with a manually releasable pawl.

[127] The jaws (66, 67) of the cable holder (65) are rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof. When the cable holder (65) is deployed, the cable may be rotated from a first configuration in which the opening of the jaws (66, 67) of the cable holder is substantially horizontal (as shown) to a second configuration in which the opening of the jaws (66, 67) of the cable holder is substantially vertical. The cable holder (65) may be held in a plurality of alternative rotational configurations between the first configuration and second configuration. This may assist with holding a variety of alternative resistance cables. A clamp is used to hold the cable holder in a particular rotational configuration. The illustrated clamp comprises a cam clamp (70) and two arrays of interconnecting teeth (74) or castellations or functionally similar interlocking features.

[128] As mentioned above, Figure 7 shows the frame of Figure 6 in a collapsed configuration. To aid understanding, corresponding features are identified with the same numeral in each figure. Where features in one figure are not visible in the other their location may be ascertained from the other figure.

[129] In the collapsed configuration the upper portion (605) is located inside the lower portion (606). To achieve this the clamp (51) was released. The upper portion (5) slid inside the lower portion (606). The clamp (51) may be closed in the collapsed configuration.

[130] The frame (601) may preferably be locked in the collapsed configuration. The frame may be configured to prevent the movement of the upper portion relative to the lower portion in the collapsed configuration. This may ease transport.

[131] The legs (55, 56) of the anti-tip support have been folded inwards into a storage configuration. To achieve this the clamp (51) on the cuff (52) was first released, allowing the cuff (52) to slide along the lower portion (6) of the tower. The clamp (51) may then be closed. This may lock the legs (55, 56) in their storage configuration, as shown in Figure 7. This may ease transport.

[132] As discussed above the cable holder (65) is in a storage configuration in Figure 7. In the storage configuration, the radial projection of the cable holder (65) is less than in the deployed configuration. As illustrated, the longitudinal axis of the cable holder is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the upper and / or lower portion (606) of the tower (602) in the storage configuration. The cable holder (65) may be locked the storage configuration.

[133] Preferably in the storage configuration substantially all of the movable parts of the apparatus, particularly the upper portion (605) and / or lower portion (606) and / or the anti-tipping support (55, 56) and / or the cable holder (65), are locked in position and / or cannot move relative to each other. This may aid carrying of the apparatus and / or frame safely.

[134] As will be appreciated from comparing Figures 6 and 7 in the illustrated collapsed configuration the end (50) of the upper portion (5) that was uppermost in the erect configuration is closer to the end (75) of the lower portion (6) that was lowermost in the erect configuration. Thus, in the collapsed configuration the longitudinal extent (length) of the tower and / or apparatus is reduced compared to the erect configuration, preferably reduced by from about 30% to about 70%, preferably approximately halved.

[135] Moreover, the frame (601) is configured to cyclically transition from the erect configuration to a collapsed configuration and back to the erect configuration, typically repeatedly. Indeed, preferably, there is negligible wear associated with transition from the erect configuration to the collapsed configuration and back again. In the illustrated example, the use of slidable polymeric cuffs on metallic tubes and cam clamps may achieve this.

[136] Figures 8 and 9 show a select of resistance cables and user interfaces (grips, loops and paddles), each of which may be suitable for use with the frame shown in Figures 6 and 7, and 4 and 6. These will be discussed in more detail below.

[137] The invention provides a kit for assembling an apparatus according to other aspects of the invention. The kit may comprise at least one of i) a plurality of upper portions of different length, ii) a plurality of lower portions of different length, iii) a plurality of different resistances cables, or a mixture thereof. The kit further comprises a remainder of the apparatus, for instance as exemplified in Figures 1 to 7.

[138] The kit according to the invention may therefore provide a modular system. This may allow the geometry and / or performance of the apparatus to tailored to a specific user. The kit may also enable users to share pieces of equipment. This may be useful for a family or swimming team, where different users may have different requirements. Some swimmers may be stronger and require more resistant resistance cables. Some swimmers may be taller and require longer towers and / or longer or shorter resistance cables.

[139] By providing a selection of different cables with different elasticity and / or lengths, the apparatus may be easily configured for users of different strengths and / or heights and / or reaches. Relatively longer resistance cables may be provided for users with relatively shorter reaches and vice versa. Relatively more resistant (higher elastic modulus) cables may be provided for relatively stronger users. Thus, the set-up of the apparatus may be configured to the specific user.

[140] The invention may be provided in the form of a kit (modular system) comprising one or more resistance cables, one or more upper portions, one or more lower portions, and one or more anti-tip supports or footplates. The kit may be configured so that the user may select one of each component of the kit and assemble an apparatus according to the other aspects of the invention. In a preferred embodiment the kit comprises a plurality of resistance cables, a single upper portion with one or more cable hangers (e.g. the two-armed arrangement in Fig. 3 or the arrangement in Fig. 4), a single lower portion (6) and a single footplate. Preferably, when a plurality of resistance cables are provided they may have a range of lengths and / or elasticities and / or material constructions. The range of resistance cables may be provided with different free ends (user interfaces) for pulling on by the user, such as swim paddles, grips, loops and / or abutments. Additionally, or alternatively, the or each cable free end may comprise a connector, such as a gated-hook. Preferably, the or each connector is configured to attach to a plurality of different user-interfaces, such as paddles, grips, loops and / or abutments.

[141] When a plurality of upper portions and / or lower portions are provided, the upper portions and / or lower portions may each have a range of heights and / or material constructions.

[142] Figure 8 shows a pair of resistance cables (76, 77). Each resistance cable comprises an elastomeric band (78, 79). Each end of each resistance cable comprises a connector (81, 82, 83, 84). Each resistance cable comprises a pair of connectors. In the example each connector (81, 82, 83, 84) is in the form of a gated hook. Also shown in Figure 8 are a three pairs of user interfaces (85, 86, 87) suitable for use with the illustrated resistance cables (76, 77). They are a pair of part-rigid tube grips (85), a pair of flexible material loops (86), and a pair of swim paddles (87), respectively.

[143] Each illustrated part-rigid tube grip comprises a main loop (88, 89) of relatively inelastic flexible polymeric material (e.g. relatively inelastic compared to the elastomeric resistance cable). The or each main loop (88, 89) is threaded through a tube (90, 91) which may be metallic or polymeric. The user may grip the or each tube (90, 91) during use of the apparatus. The main loop (88, 89) is further coupled to a relatively rigid connector hoop (92, 93), which may be polymeric or metallic. The or each relatively rigid connector hoop (92, 93) is configured to be received by a gated hook (81, 82, 83, 84) of the resistance cables (76, 77) for attachment thereto.

[144] Each illustrated flexible material loop comprises a main loop (94, 95) of relatively inelastic flexible polymeric material (e.g. relatively inelastic compared to the elastomeric resistance cable). The user may grip the or each main loop (94, 95) during use of the apparatus. The main loop (94, 95) is coupled to a relatively rigid connector hoop (96, 97), which may be polymeric or metallic. The or each relatively rigid connector hoop (96, 97) is configured to be received by a gated hook (81, 82, 83, 84) of the resistance cables (76, 77) for attachment thereto.

[145] Each illustrated swim paddle user interface comprises a main loop (98, 99) of relatively inelastic flexible polymeric material (e.g. relatively inelastic compared to the elastomeric resistance cable). The or each main loop (98, 99) is threaded through a swim paddle (104, 105) which may be metallic or polymeric, typically polymeric. The user may grip the or each swim paddle (104, 105) using an inter-finger grip (102, 103) during use of the apparatus. The main loop (98, 99) is further coupled to a relatively rigid connector hoop (100, 101), which may be polymeric or metallic. The or each relatively rigid connector hoop (100,101) is configured to be received by a gated hook (81, 82, 83, 84) of the resistance cables (76, 77) for attachment thereto.

[146] In all aspects and embodiments of the invention swim paddles are a preferred user interface and therefore preferably form a free end(s) of the or each resistance cable. A swim paddle will typically comprise a main substantially planar body. The planar body is configured such that in use an upper surface of the planar body is in contact with the underside of a user’s hand. The planar body may be larger or smaller than the underside of the user’s hand. The or each swim paddle may preferably comprise a finger grip coupled to and / or projecting from the planar body for holding between the fingers of the user. The finger grip may be a generally linear projection with one or more lateral abutments, and / or a hoop or loop. Generally, the finger grip(s) will be elastomeric. The planar body will generally be polymeric, although it could be metallic or composite in construction. The planar body of the or each swim paddle may be integrally formed with or directly connected to the resistance cable. Alternatively, it may be coupled thereto by an intermediate connector, such as the relatively inelastic flexible polymeric woven material shown in Figure 8. Swim paddles are preferred as they enable better simulation of swimming strokes.

[147] Figure 9 shows an alternative resistance cable

[901] suitable for use in the present invention. The resistance cable comprises an elastic chord (106), two partrigid tube grips (107, 108) (one located at each free end of the resistance cable) for holding by a user, and a relatively inelastic loop connector (109) coupled to the elastic chord. The relatively inelastic loop connector (109) is used to attach the resistance cable to a frame of an apparatus. For instance, it may be placed in the jaws of the frame shown in Figures 6 and 7 for retaining therein. The relatively inelastic loop (109) connector is coupled to the elastic chord (106) by a permanent clamp (110), which may be metallic or polymeric.

[148] Each illustrated part-rigid tube grip (107,108) comprises a main loop (111, 112) of relatively inelastic flexible woven polymeric material (e.g. relatively inelastic compared to the elastomeric resistance cable). The or each main loop (112, 111) is threaded through a tube (113, 114) which may be metallic or polymeric. The user may grip the or each tube (113, 114) during use of the apparatus. The or each main loop (111, 112) in the illustrated example is permanently affixed to the elastic chord.

[149] The invention also provides a method for warming up for a physical activity, preferably for a swim.

[150] The method may comprise providing an apparatus or kit as described herein. The method may further comprise the step of selecting components from the kit to form an apparatus and / or assembling an apparatus from the kit.

[151] The apparatus (including an apparatus so formed or assembled) is typically provided in collapsed configuration, typically a fully collapsed configuration.

[152] The method will typically comprise the step of moving an apparatus in a collapsed configuration from a first location (e.g. a storage location), which is relatively far from where physical activity is to be undertaken, to a second location (e.g. a warmup location), which is relatively close to where the physical activity is to be undertaken. The physical activity may refer to the activity which is being warmed up for, e.g. swimming.

[153] Alternatively, the method may comprise the step of moving a kit as described herein from a first location (e.g. a storage location), which may be relatively far from where physical activity is to be undertaken, to a second location (e.g. a warm-up location), which may be relatively close (e.g. nearer) to where the physical activity is to be undertaken. One or more apparatus may then be assembled from the kit at the second location.

[154] The location where the physical activity is to be undertaken may be a body of water, the body of water may be indoor or outdoor, for instance a swimming pool (indoor or outdoor), lake, river, dock, sea or ocean, or reservoir.

[155] The second location may preferably be immediately adjacent to where the physical activity is to be undertaken. However, for reasons of practicality and / or safety this may not always be possible. Therefore, the second location may be within the vicinity of where the physical activity is to be undertaken. For instance, the second location may be in a carpark (parking lot) and / or outside the building or premises where the physical activity is to be undertaken. Alternatively, the second location may be inside the room, building and / or premises where the physical activity is to be undertaken.

[156] As described above, the first location is typically further from the location where the physical activity is to be undertaken than the second location. The first location is typically where the apparatus or kit is stored by the user and / or owner thereof. The first location can therefore be nearer to the location where the physical activity takes place. The first location may variously be remote from, within the vicinity of or immediately adjacent to the location. The first location may be in at the home of the user and / or outside the building or premises where the physical activity is to be undertaken. Alternatively, the first location may be inside the room, building and / or premises where the physical activity is to be undertaken.

[157] The kit(s) and / or apparatus(es) described herein may be moved from the first location to the second location by carrying. Preferably a user can carry an apparatus to where they wish to use it. Accordingly, preferably the apparatus has a mass and / or the length of the apparatus in the fully collapsed configuration to enable carrying thereof by a single individual. Preferably an apparatus has a total mass of less than about 20 kg, preferably less than about 15 kg, more preferably less than about 8 kg. Preferably, the length of the apparatus in the fully collapsed configuration is less than about 1.5 m, preferably less than about 1.2 m. Where the apparatus (or kit) is provided in multiple separate components in a fully collapsed configuration, preferably the length of the apparatus refers to the length of the longest component.

[158] In embodiments, the kit(s) and / or apparatus(s) may be moved from the first location to the second location in a vehicle, such as in a car, on a train or on a bus. Preferably the length of the apparatus (or kit) in the fully collapsed configuration is less than the width of the car boot (trunk) in which it is moved.

[159] The method further comprises the step of transitioning the apparatus to an erect configuration. Once in an erect configuration the apparatus may be free-standing.

[160] The method comprises the step of repeatedly pulling on the one or more resistance cables. Typically, the apparatus comprises one or more, preferably two, cable segments and / or user interfaces adapted to be pulled by the user. The user may hold one such segment or user interface in one hand. The user may hold one such segment or user interface in each hand. When the apparatus has two such segments or user interfaces, the user may pull on the two segments simultaneously or sequentially or a mixture of the two.

[161] The method may comprise the user repeatedly pulling on the one or more resistance cables until they are warmed-up. The user may monitor whether they are warmed-up by feel. Additionally, or alternatively, they may monitor one or more physiological parameters such as heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or breathing, or a combination thereof. Additionally, or alternatively, the user may use a timer, stopwatch or clock to monitor how long they are using the apparatus for. They may thus exercise for a predetermined length of time. The predetermined length of time may typically be less than about 20 minutes, typically from about 2 minutes to about 15 minutes, typically from about 4 minutes to about 10 minutes.

[162] The method may include using a secondary form of exercise to aid warming up. Typically, the secondary form of exercise will be aerobic exercise, particularly aerobic exercise involving the legs. Suitable forms of secondary exercise may walking, running and / or skipping. This may improve the efficacy of the warm-up.

[163] In an embodiment of the method, the physical activity for which warming up is required is competitive swimming, for instance a swim race or time trial. In such an embodiment the user may perform a warm-up swim before the competitive swim. The user may use the apparatus before and / or after the warm-up swim. In embodiments, the user repeatedly pulls on the one or more resistance cables until they are warmed-up, performs a warm-up swim and subsequently performs the competitive swim. In embodiments the user performs a warm-up swim, subsequently the user repeatedly pulls on the one or more resistance cables until they are warmed-up immediately before the competitive swim, and subsequently performs the competitive swim. In embodiments, when the user performs in multiple competitive swims, the user may repeatedly pull on the one or more resistance cables until they are warmed-up immediately prior to each competitive swim. The user may thus ensure they are warmed-up for the or each race even if the time between the warm-up swim and / or prior competitive swim and the or a subsequent competitive swim is such that they would have cooled down otherwise, for instance if the time between the warm-up swim or preceding competitive swim and the or the next competitive swim is greater than twenty minutes, for instance greater than half an hour. Immediately prior to the competitive swim may be from about 30 seconds to about 20 minutes before the competitive swim, preferably less than about 15 minutes before the competitive swim, preferably less than about 10 minutes before the competitive swim. Preferably the user will warm up within this time period. The user may perform the secondary exercise in this time period in addition to using the apparatus.

[164] The method may also include the step of transitioning the apparatus to a collapsed configuration. This step may be performed before or after the physical activity for which warming up is required. The user may perform this step before the physical activity for which warming up is required if space is at a premium, and / or if the activity is being performed at a location away from where warming up is undertaken, and / or for security reasons (e.g. for storing the apparatus in a safe place such as a car boot or a locker). Alternatively, the user may perform the physical activity for which warming up is required and then subsequently transition the apparatus to a collapsed configuration.

[165] The user may perform a cool down after physical activity for which warming up was required. The user may re-erect the apparatus to perform the warm-down. Additionally, or alternatively, the user may return the apparatus to the collapsed configuration after the warm-down is completed.

[166] Once the apparatus has been returned to the collapsed configuration it may be moved from the second location to the first location or alternatively to third location which is not the first location or the second location.

[167] The method may be repeated.

[168] It will be appreciated that various modifications may be made to the embodiments shown without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the accompanying claims as interpreted under patent law.

Claims

1. An apparatus for warming-up for swimming, the apparatus comprising, a collapsible frame, andone or more resistance cables, the one or more resistance cables being couplable to the frame so as to provide one or more cable segments adapted to be pulled by the user,wherein the frame has an erect configuration in which the frame provides a longitudinally extending tower comprising at least an upper portion and a lower portion, and wherein in the erect configuration an uppermost end of the upper portion is arranged above a lowermost end of the lower portion and in which configuration a segment of the or each resistance cable may be pulled in a downward direction by a user while their torso is vertical,wherein the or each cable segment adapted to be pulled by the user is coupled to a swim paddle,wherein the frame has a collapsed configuration in which the end of the upper portion that is uppermost in the erect configuration is closer to the end of the lower portion that is lowermost in the erect configuration,and wherein the apparatus is configured to cyclically transition from the erect configuration to the collapsed configuration and back to the erect configuration, the apparatus being free-standing in the erect configuration.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the upper portion is coupled to the lower portion in the erect configuration and / or the collapsed configuration and / or throughout transition from the erect configuration to the collapsed configuration and / or throughout transition from the collapsed configuration to the erect configuration.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the apparatus comprises a hinge for pivotally mounting the upper portion to the lower portion.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 wherein the upper portion is slidably connected to the lower portion, preferably wherein the upper portion and lower portion are telescopic.

5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 comprising one or more fixtures for locking the apparatus in an erect configuration and / or in a collapsed configuration.

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the apparatus comprises one or more anti-tipping supports configured to extend radially outwardly from the tower.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the or each anti-tipping support has a stabilising configuration in which the or each anti-tipping support extends radially outwardly from the tower and a storage configuration in which the or each anti-tipping support is generally parallel to the lower portion of the tower, preferably wherein antitipping support is coupled to the tower in at least one of the stabilising configuration and / or the storage configuration and / or throughout transitions therebetween.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the apparatus comprises one or more fixtures for locking the or each anti-tipping support in a stabilising configuration and / or in a storage configuration.

9. The apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the one or more resistance cables are at least in part elastomeric.

10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the one or more resistance cables are coupled to a rotor comprising an array of rotor blades and, preferably, a flywheel.

11. The apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein metrics relating to work performed by the user when using the apparatus is provided on a display.

12. The apparatus according to any preceding claim comprising two cable segments adapted to be pulled by the user, preferably wherein both segments of the cable may be pulled in a downward direction by a user when they are standing or kneeling, preferably simultaneously and / or sequentially.

13. The apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the or each resistance cable is configured to be pulled from a starting position in which a hand of the user is above or relatively close to shoulder height to a finishing position in which the hand is relatively close to or below waist level.

14. The apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein one or more of the height of the tower and / or the height of a starting position of the end of the resistance cables and / or the permitted length of travel of the resistance cables and / or the length of the resistance cables are selectively variable.

15. A kit for assembling an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the kit comprising, at least one of:a plurality of upper portions of different length,a plurality of lower portions of different length, a plurality of different resistances cables, the kit further comprising a remainder of the apparatus.

16. A method for warming up, preferably for a swim, comprising providing an apparatus according to any preceding claim in a collapsed configuration, optionally moving and / or carrying the apparatus, transitioning the apparatus to an erect configuration, repeatedly pulling on the one or more cables, and transitioning the apparatus to a collapsed configuration.

17. A kit for assembling an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14 the kit comprising the collapsible frame and instructions to couple an elastomeric resistance cable, or one or more user interfaces in combination with an elastomeric resistance cable, to the collapsible frame, wherein the or each user interface is a swim paddle, preferably wherein the frame is provided in a box or other container and the instructions are provided in and / or on the box or other container.

18. A method for warming up for competitive swimming, wherein the method comprises the steps of:providing an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14 or kit according to claim 15 or 17,optionally selecting components from the kit to form an apparatus and / or assembling an apparatus from the kit,performing a warm-up swim before a competitive swim, anda user repeatedly pulling on the one or more resistance cables of the apparatus before and / or after the warm-up swim.

19. The kit according to claims 15 or 17 further including instructions to warm up according to the method of claim 16 or 18.s

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