Attaching structure between tip of movable operating arm of excavation machine and excavation tool
Patent Information
- Application Number
- JP2022034699
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-03-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-07
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-03-07
AI Technical Summary
The existing mounting structures for excavation tools in excavating machines are prone to damage and failure due to strong reaction forces, rotational torque, and repeated impact forces, leading to reduced durability and service life.
A mounting structure that includes a detachable upper structure with a rotating member and a swivel part, featuring a sliding angle shaft with a play space and guide tubes, which absorbs and attenuates the reaction forces and impact energies, reducing direct contact and stress on the swivel part.
The structure effectively reduces damage and failure of the swivel part by absorbing and releasing reaction forces, thereby extending the life and durability of the excavation tool.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to an excavation machinery such as a crane excavation work vehicle or a vertical pile driver that drills or excavates the ground, ground mountain, and ground using an excavation blade attached to the tip with respect to the civil engineering construction work. An air hammer device that repeatedly strikes the same excavation blade as the excavation blade is built into the tip of an operation unit that can be operated by the excavation machinery and moved with the required degree of freedom, inside a cylindrical lower body inserted into the ground. At the same time, an upper structure is provided above the lower body that can transmit the rotational force of a rotating part such as a hydraulic motor attached to the tip to the lower body and the air hammer device. The present invention relates to a mounting structure of an excavation tool having a swivel portion for air intake of the air hammer device provided between the lower body and the upper structure. In particular, it relates to a mounting structure with the tip of an excavation tool that makes it difficult for the internal structure and components of the excavation tool to be damaged or damaged even when the reaction force, rotational reaction torque, and reaction vibration energy of the repeated impact force received by the excavation blade from the ground, ground mountain, and ground to be excavated are loaded on the excavation tool.
Background Art
[0002] Conventionally, in a drilling machine, the tip of the operating part, which is operated to have degrees of freedom of movement such as up and down, left and right, and swiveling, has a lower body that houses a drilling blade and an air hammer device that repeatedly strikes the drilling blade inside a cylindrical body, and an upper structure that can transmit the rotational force of a rotating part such as a hydraulic motor attached to the tip of the operating part, which is located above the lower body, to the lower body and the air hammer device. In this structure, a swivel part is provided between the rotational output shaft of the rotating part such as a hydraulic motor attached to the tip and the drilling tool, and the rotational force of the rotational output shaft of the tip is transmitted to the rotating member on the drilling tool side at the swivel part, and the rotational force of the rotating member rotates the lower body and the air hammer device, and further, the air hose is fixed to the outer cylinder that forms the swivel part fitted on the outer circumference, and the high-pressure air from the air hose is sent to the air hammer device inside the lower body via the supply port of the outer cylinder and an air passage formed inside the rotating member. This structure is well known and is documented in Patent Document 1.
[0003] However, the rotational force and repeated impact force acting on the drilling blade of the drilling tool, along with the counter-torque, reaction force, and impact energy from the ground, were strongly applied to the swivel section via the drilling blade and air hammer device, damaging the rotational structure and air-sealed structure of the swivel section. As a result, this damage reduced the lifespan and airtightness of the drilling tool, shortening its service life. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]
[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 7-166786 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]
[0005] The problem that this invention aims to solve is to provide a mounting structure between the tip of the operating arm and the drilling tool that reduces damage to the swivel portion of the drilling tool, resulting in fewer malfunctions, higher durability, and a longer product life, by improving the mounting structure between the tip of the operating arm and the drilling tool. [Means for solving the problem]
[0006] The present invention, which solves these problems, has the following configuration: 1) In a drilling machine used in civil engineering and construction work to drill or excavate into the ground, natural ground, or soil using a drilling blade attached to its tip, the tip of the operating part that can be operated by the drilling machine and moved with the required degree of freedom, The excavation tool has an upper structure that is detachably attached to the upper part of the lower body, which has an upper structure that rotates the lower body and the air hammer device by transmitting the rotational force of a rotating part such as a hydraulic motor attached to the tip of the excavation tool via a rotating member on the excavation tool side, A mounting structure for the tip of a movable operating arm of a drilling machine and a drilling tool, wherein the rotational force generated from a rotating part installed at the tip is applied to the lower body, the air hammer device and the drilling blade via the upper structure to rotate them, and further, an outer cylinder is rotatably fitted around the outer circumference of the lower part of the rotating member between the lower part of the rotating member of the upper structure and the lower body to form a swivel section, and air from an air hose attached to the outer cylinder of the swivel section is sent to the air hammer device in the lower body via an air passage formed inside the outer cylinder of the swivel section and the lower part of the rotating member, thereby effectively drilling by applying the repeated striking force generated by the operation of the air hammer device to the drilling blade in the lower body, The superstructure of the drilling tool comprises: an interlocking cylinder portion detachably attached to the rotating part at the tip and rotated by the output shaft of the rotating part and connected in the axial direction; a cylindrical portion connected to the lower end of the interlocking cylinder portion and having a vertically elongated hollow space inside; an intermediate cylinder portion provided at the lower part of the cylindrical portion, having a narrower path surface than the diameter of the hollow space with a circular cross-section and a polygonal inner surface; a sliding angular shaft with a polygonal outer shape that is fitted into the polygonal hollow space inside the intermediate cylinder portion and rotates with the rotation of the cylindrical portion; and a widened connecting shaft portion provided at the lower end of the sliding angular shaft. The drilling tool located below the upper structure has a structure comprising a cylindrical lower body connected to the lower end of the connecting shaft and extending downward, a drilling blade enclosed in the lower part of the lower body, and an air hammer device connected to the lower end of the connecting shaft that repeatedly strikes the head of the drilling blade below. The structure comprises a spinning connecting shaft, an outer cylinder fitted around the outer circumference of the connecting shaft, an air hose attached to the outer cylinder, and a swivel section formed by the connecting shaft and an air passage formed in the outer cylinder that supplies air from the air hose to the air hammer device. Moreover, the head of the sliding angular shaft, which moves in a vertical stroke, remains on the inner surface of the cylindrical part even at the uppermost position of its vertical stroke. By ensuring a clearance space that prevents contact between the ceiling surface and the sliding angle shaft, even when the reaction force from the ground acting on the drilling blade, the rotational reaction torque, and the reaction force from repeated impacts due to the operation of the air hammer device are applied to the swivel section where the air hammer device and the connecting shaft are located, the head of the sliding angle shaft does not come into contact with the ceiling surface of the inner surface of the cylindrical section. As a result, the sliding angle shaft performs a reciprocating stroke motion up and down within the hollow space of the cylindrical section, releasing the reaction force and its energy through this motion. This reduces the load and vibration energy on the swivel section, thereby reducing damage to the swivel section and extending the product life. This is a mounting structure for the tip of a movable operating arm of a drilling machine and a drilling tool. 2) A mounting structure for the tip of the movable operating arm of the excavating machine described in 1) above and the excavating tool, which ensures a clearance of 10 to 150 mm. 3) A mounting structure for the tip of a movable operating arm of an excavating machine according to 1) or 2) above, characterized in that a plurality of guide tubes are provided on the outside of the connecting shaft portion at the lower end of the sliding angular shaft, extending in the sliding direction of the sliding angular shaft, and the guide tubes are slidably fitted on the outside of a plurality of fixedly supported vertical movement guide rods extending in the sliding direction of the sliding angular shaft below the tip, thereby restricting the vertical stroke direction of the sliding angular shaft along the vertical movement guide rods, and preventing the outer cylinder of the swivel portion and the air hose from rotating together with the rotation of the sliding angular shaft. It is located there. [Effects of the Invention]
[0007] According to the present invention, the swivel section is formed in which the connecting shaft portion, which is connected to the air hammer device in the lower body and rotates and moves up and down, and the cylindrical body fitted to the outside of the connecting shaft portion, are provided with an air inlet and an air passage for air from the air hose to supply air to the air hammer device, thereby forming an air passage with excellent airtightness, and the upper part of the connecting shaft portion is the upper sliding angular shaft, and the cylindrical portion and the sliding angular shaft are fitted together so that rotation can be transmitted to the connecting shaft portion below, so that the rotational force from the tip and the repeated striking force from the air hammer device are loaded onto the excavation blade to excavate the ground, but the reaction force of the vertical force, rotational force and striking force against the excavation Although this force acts on the connecting shaft, the reaction force acts directly from the connecting shaft to the sliding angular shaft above, causing the sliding angular shaft to stroke up and down within the hollow space of the cylindrical part. Furthermore, there is a space of play between the ceiling surface of the cylindrical part and the head of the sliding angular shaft that strokes up and down, so there is no contact and it simply moves up and down. As a result, the reaction force, jumping force, rotational force, and repeated impact reaction force energy acting on the connecting shaft are released by the up and down movement of the sliding angular shaft, reducing the reaction force acting strongly on the swivel part below. This significantly reduces damage to the swivel part, and damage and failure of the swivel part are greatly suppressed, greatly improving the durability of the drilling tool. [Brief explanation of the drawing]
[0008] [Figure 1]Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the usage state of an excavation crane work vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the main parts of the connecting structure of the embodiment. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of AA in Figure 2. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a plan view of the connecting structure shown in Figure 2. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the internal structure of the cylindrical lower body of the drilling tool. [Modes for carrying out the invention]
[0009] In this invention, a practical dimension for the clearance between the uppermost position of the stroke of the head of the sliding angular shaft and the ceiling surface inside the cylindrical part into which it is fitted is 20 mm or more. This dimension is preferably in the range of 10 mm to 150 mm. For the connection between the output shaft at the tip and the interlocking cylinder, in addition to a combination of spline gearing and screw connection as in the connection structure of the embodiment, screw threading is also possible. In the present invention, it is preferable to provide a waterproof rubber 53 for preventing intrusion at the connecting portion between the sliding angular shaft portion and the intermediate shaft portion, in order to prevent rainwater, debris, sand, etc. from entering and adhering to the gaps, voids, and surface of the excavating blade. [Examples]
[0010] The embodiments shown in Figures 1-3 will be explained based on the drawings. In the figure, G is an embodiment of the mounting structure that incorporates the tip and air hammer of the present invention. K is an excavation crane work vehicle, K1 is the crane boom of the crane work vehicle K, 1 is the operating arm of the crane boom K1, 2 is the tip of the operating arm, 3 is a rotating part provided at the tip by a hydraulic motor, 31 is the output shaft of the rotating part, 4 is the excavation tool of the embodiment, 40 is the interlocking cylinder part of the excavation tool 4 that meshes with the spline of the output shaft 31, 401 is the spline on the inside of the interlocking cylinder part 40 that meshes with the spline of the output shaft 31, and 402 connects the output shaft 31 and the interlocking cylinder part 40 in the axial direction. 41 is a hexagonal bolt, 41 is a hollow cylindrical part connected to the lower end of the interlocking cylinder, 42 is an intermediate cylindrical part at the bottom of the cylindrical part, 421 is the hollow space on the hexagonal inner surface of the intermediate cylindrical part, 4211 is a 20 mm play space, 43 is a sliding angular shaft with a hexagonal outer shape fitted into the hollow space, 44 is an enlarged connecting shaft part connected to the lower end of the sliding angular shaft, 441 is an air passage provided inside the connecting shaft part, and 45 is a fixed cylindrical body on the outer circumference of the connecting shaft part 44 that rotatably fits the connecting shaft part 44. S is a swivel section formed by the connecting shaft 44 and the cylindrical body 45 of this embodiment, S1 is a high-pressure air supply port provided on the outside of the swivel section, S2 is an air hose connected to the supply port S1, S3 is an air passage provided inside the connecting shaft 44, and 47 is an air hammer device 47(H) connected to the lower end of the connecting shaft 44. High-pressure air is supplied from the air passage 441 of the connecting shaft 44 to the air hammer device 47(H), and the lower end of the piston rod 472 inside it repeatedly applies a striking force to the head of the drilling blade 48. 471 is the casing of the air hammer device 47(H), which transmits the pressing force and rotational force from the connecting shaft 44 to the drilling blade 48(B). 48 is a drilling tool that excavates the ground by an inner bit 481 attached to the lower end of the coaxial body, which is subjected to repeated striking force applied to the head of the shaft body 482 by the piston rod 472 in the air hammer device 47(H), along with the aforementioned pressing force and rotational force, and 482 is the shaft portion of the drilling tool B. 53 is a waterproof rubber provided on the outside of the sliding angular shaft 43 and between the upper end of the connecting shaft portion 43 and the lower end of the intermediate cylindrical portion 42. 481 is an inner bit at the lower end of the drilling blade 48, to which rotational force is transmitted by the casing 471 of the air hammer device 47(H). 49 is the lower body, which is an inner casing housing the air hammer device 47(H) and the drilling blade 48(B). 50 is a rod shaft for vertical movement attached to the lower part of the tip side. 51 is a guide tube fitted to the outside of the vertical movement rod shaft. 52 is a mounting member that connects the guide tube to the connecting shaft portion 44. Furthermore, since the guide tube 51 on the outside of the connecting shaft portion 44 is inserted into the vertical movement rod shaft 50 attached to the tip side, the sliding angular shaft 44 can move smoothly up and down inside the cylindrical portion 41 guided by the guide tube 51.
[0011] (Operational description of the example) In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the tip 2 of the operating arm 1 below the crane boom K1 of the excavation crane work vehicle K can move up and down, left and right, and forward and backward. The excavation tool 4 of the present invention is attached to the lower end of the tip 2 to perform drilling to the required depth in the ground.
[0012] The tip 2 of the operating arm 1, suspended below the tip of the crane boom K1, is a vertical member. A rotating part 3 using a hydraulic motor is provided on the tip 2, and its output shaft 31 is inserted into the interlocking cylinder 40 of the excavation tool 4. The interlocking cylinder 40 rotates due to the engagement of splines, and the rotational force of the rotating part 3 on the tip 2 is transmitted to the interlocking cylinder 40, the cylindrical part 41 below it, and the intermediate cylinder 42 below it, causing the intermediate cylinder 42 to rotate and the lower connecting shaft 44 to rotate as well. Simultaneously, the rotation of the intermediate cylinder rotates a sliding angular shaft 43, which has a hexagonal outer shape and is inserted into the hollow space 421 of the hexagonal inner surface of the intermediate cylinder 42, and fits with the hexagonal inner surface. Moreover, the sliding angular shaft 43 is fitted into the inner surface of the outer intermediate cylinder 42 and is able to slide up and down. Furthermore, since the sliding angular shaft 43 is connected to the head of the casing 471 of the air hammer device 47(H) via the connecting shaft portion 44, the reaction force from repeated impacts from the air hammer device 47(H) below causes the sliding angular shaft 43 to slide up and down via the connecting shaft portion 44, resulting in an up-and-down stroke motion. The energy of these forces, rotational force and impact force reaction forces from the ground side is consumed and released by causing the sliding angular shaft 43 to move up and down via the connecting shaft portion 44. Even though the sliding angular shaft 43 slides against the upper cylindrical portion 41, there is a clearance space 4211 of about 20 mm above and below between the head 431 of the sliding angular shaft 43 and the inner ceiling surface 411 of the cylindrical portion 41, so the head 431 of the sliding angular shaft 43 and the inner ceiling surface 441 of the cylindrical portion 41 do not come into contact. Therefore, the reaction force energy from these reaction forces, including rotational force and repeated impact force, is not directly transmitted to the cylindrical section 41 and the swivel section S. Instead, it is attenuated and weakened before acting on the structure of the swivel section S, thus enabling it to withstand the load of the reaction force.
[0013] The cutting tool of this embodiment has the following product advantages. 1. Its simple structure allows it to be offered at a low price. Therefore, it has fewer malfunctions and extremely low running costs. As shown in Fig. 2, there is a swivel part S (air supply part) directly above the air hammer device 47 (H), and a cushion rubber (waterproof rubber 53) is provided above it. Therefore, since the compressed air does not pass through the structure part, only greasing the sliding surface is sufficient, and there is no need to consider the processing accuracy for preventing air leakage, the wear of O-rings and seals at all. 3 Incorporate a universal joint into the air inlet part of the swivel part S, and the hose can be pulled out in any direction of 360°. 4 An expandable device for preventing supply and return is set and supplied. 5 The connection between the hydraulic motor of the rotating part 3 and the inner spline part at the upper part of the slide sub is achieved by inserting the motor shaft (output shaft 31) into it and fixing it with a hexagonal bolt 402, so that the swivel shaft and the hammer are integrated. By transmitting the rotation of the motor and pressing it against the GL vertically, the hammer ring starts, and the structure is formed to remove the reaction force. At this time, a double and triple prevention mechanism is constructed to prevent the swivel shaft from falling off the slide sub body. There is also a cushion rubber when it shrinks beyond the stroke. Two other bolts are drilled with holes at the hexagonal part of the bolt head so that they do not loosen, and each is sewn with wire, and the structure is designed to prevent any accidents.
[0014] Disassembly essentials of the shock absorber part 1 Remove the parts fixed to the body part of the hydraulic motor (auger reducer) with a band from the motor, pull out the parts from the anti-rotation receiving base, and remove them. 2 Remove the six cap bolts and remove the upper part of the slide sub. 3 Remove the wire of the hexagonal bolt with holes and remove the two bolts. At this time, the cushion rubber (waterproof rubber 53) and the snap ring retainer can be removed together or separately. 4 Open it with a sand purlin snap ring plier and remove it. 5 Remove the nut for the shaft. Since it has an internal thread (right thread), remove it while rotating counterclockwise. Remove the washer for the shaft. 6. Loosen the bands on both sides of the dust cover assembly and pull out the slide sub body and bellows. This completes the disassembly of the shock absorber section.
[0015] * Maintenance costs for the shock absorber section are minimal, mainly involving replacing the cushion rubber (waterproof rubber 53), hexagonal bolts with holes, and washers. * Maintenance of the air swivel section S involves only replacing bushings, rubber, gaskets, and O-rings; there are no expensive parts to replace. Therefore, in this embodiment, damage to the drilling tool and deterioration of airtightness are minimized, the performance of the drilling tool is maintained for a long time, and a durable drilling tool is achieved. [Industrial applicability]
[0016] This invention is useful not only for drilling holes in the ground above ground but also for excavation and drilling work in tunnel construction. [Explanation of Symbols]
[0017] G is an example of a mounting structure between the tip of the movable operating arm of the excavating machine in the embodiment and the excavating tool. K is a crane work vehicle K1 is a crane boom S is the swivel part of the drilling tool G in the embodiment. H is an air hammer device attached to the drilling tool. H1 is the casing of the air hammer device. B is a drilling blade located below the air hammer device of the drilling tool. B1 is the shaft of the drilling tool. B2 is an inner bit located at the lower end. T is the outer cylindrical lower body of the air hammer device H of the drilling tool. 1. Operating arm 2 Tip 3. Rotating part 31 Screw output shaft 40 Threaded tube part 401 Spline 402 Hex bolt 41 Cylindrical section 411 Ceiling surface 42 Intermediate cylinder part 421 Hollow space 43 Sliding angle shaft 44 Connecting shaft part 45 Cylinder 47(H) Air hammer device 471 Air hammer device casing 48(B) Drilling tools 481 Inner Bit 482 Shaft section 50 Up / Down Rod Shaft 51 Guide tube 52 Mounting member connecting the guide tube and the connecting shaft portion 44
Claims
1. In civil engineering construction work, an excavation machine is used to drill or excavate holes in the ground, natural ground, or foundation using an excavation blade attached to the tip. The tip of the operating part is operated by the excavation machine and can be moved with the required degree of freedom. A drilling tool having an upper structure is detachably attached to an upper part of the lower body, which has a drilling blade for drilling the ground and an air hammer device for repeatedly striking the drilling blade, the upper part being fitted to the upper part of the lower body and having a rotational force of a rotating part such as a hydraulic motor attached to the tip part via a rotating member on the drilling tool side to rotate the lower body and the air hammer device.
1. An attachment structure for an excavation tool to a tip of a movable operating arm of an excavation machine, comprising: a rotational force generated from a rotating part installed at the tip is applied to the lower body, the air hammer device and the excavation blade via the upper structure to rotate them; further, an outer cylinder is rotatably fitted around the outer periphery of the lower part of the rotating member between the lower part of the rotating member of the upper structure and the lower body to form a swivel part; air from an air hose attached to the outer cylinder of the swivel part is sent to the air hammer device in the lower body via an air passage formed inside the outer cylinder of the swivel part and the lower part of the rotating member; and repeated striking force generated by operation of the air hammer device is applied to the excavation blade in the lower body to effectively excavate, The upper structure of the excavation tool includes an interlocking tube portion detachably attached to the rotating portion at the tip portion, rotated by the output shaft of the rotating portion, and connected in the axial direction; a cylindrical portion connected to the lower end of the interlocking tube portion and having a hollow space that is long in the vertical direction inside; an intermediate cylindrical portion provided at the lower part of the cylindrical portion and having a polygonal inner surface with a circular cross section that is narrower than the diameter of the hollow space; a sliding square shaft having a polygonal outer shape that is inserted into the polygonal hollow space and rotates by the rotation of the cylindrical portion; and a widened connecting shaft portion provided at the lower end of the sliding square shaft. The excavation tool below the upper structure is provided with a cylindrical lower body connected to the lower end of the connecting shaft and extending downward, an excavation blade enclosed in the lower part of the lower body, and an air hammer device connected to the lower end of the connecting shaft and repeatedly striking the head of the lower excavation blade. The structure includes the connecting shaft that spins, an outer cylinder fitted to the outer periphery of the connecting shaft, an air hose attached to the outer cylinder, and a swivel section formed by the connecting shaft and an air passage formed in the outer cylinder that delivers air from the air hose to the air hammer device. Moreover, the head of the sliding angular shaft that strokes up and down is in contact with the inner surface of the cylindrical section even at the top of its vertical stroke.
13. An attachment structure for an excavation tool to an end of a movable operating arm of an excavation machine, characterized in that by ensuring a play space between the end of the sliding shaft and the ceiling surface and thereby preventing contact between the head of the sliding shaft and the ceiling surface of the inner surface of the cylindrical portion, even if the reaction force and rotational counter torque from the ground acting on the excavation tool and the reaction force of repeated blows due to the operation of the air hammer device are loaded onto the swivel portion where the air hammer device and the connecting shaft portion are located, the sliding shaft does not come into contact with the head of the sliding shaft and the ceiling surface of the inner surface of the cylindrical portion. Therefore, the sliding shaft performs a reciprocating stroke movement up and down in the hollow space of the cylindrical portion, and the reaction force and its energy are released by this movement, and the force and vibration energy loaded onto the swivel portion are weakened, thereby reducing breakage and damage to the swivel portion and extending the product life.
2. 2. The mounting structure for the tip of a movable operating arm of an excavating machine and an excavating tool according to claim 1, wherein the dimension of the clearance space is set to 10 to 150 mm.
3. 3. The mounting structure for the tip of the movable operating arm of an excavating machine and the excavating tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of guide tubes extending in the sliding direction of the sliding shaft are provided outside the connecting shaft part at the lower end of the sliding shaft, and the guide tubes are slidably fitted to the outside of a plurality of vertical movement guide rods fixedly supported below the tip and extending in the sliding direction of the sliding shaft, thereby regulating the vertical stroke direction of the sliding shaft along the vertical movement guide rods, and preventing the outer tube of the swivel part and the air hose from rotating with the rotation of the sliding shaft.