Spray nozzle and application of the same

Abstract

To provide a spray nozzle that can secure a spray flow rate and can spray in a hollow-cone shape while suppressing clogging for a long time, although a size of the nozzle is small and a pressure thereof is low, and a spraying method of the same.SOLUTION: A spray nozzle 1 comprises: a taper-shape flow path 7 whose flow path diameters become smaller as going towards a direction of a downstream side of a nozzle main body 2 and whose downstream end is closed; and spraying holes 10 and 11 positioned at different positions in an axial direction and extended in a circumferential direction, in a wall part of the taper-shape flow path, which open towards outside in a radial direction as going toward a downstream side. The spray hole 10 at an upstream side and the spray hole 11 at a downstream side point in crossing directions when viewed from an axial direction. In a radial direction of the nozzle main body 2, both side parts (both side parts in the circumferential direction) of the plurality of spraying holes 10 and 11 arranged adjacently in the axial direction overlap with each other.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a spray nozzle (multi-hole nozzle or hollow cone nozzle) useful for spraying or injecting a fluid into a hollow cone shape in exhaust gas treatment devices, humidifiers, cooling devices, etc., and to uses thereof. [Background technology]

[0002] In exhaust gas desulfurization equipment and the like, hollow cone nozzles are used to increase the contact efficiency between the exhaust gas and the treatment liquid and prevent gas leakage. A known hollow cone nozzle is one in which a core (swirl element, inner core, etc.) is placed on the central axis of the nozzle flow path to impart a swirl to the water flow and spray it in a hollow cone shape. However, since a core is placed in the flow path, clogging is likely to occur. In particular, hollow cone nozzles equipped with a swirl element are prone to clogging because the minimum flow path diameter of the nozzle is small. For this reason, hollow cone nozzles (coreless hollow cone nozzles or swirl nozzles) that swirl the water flow inside the nozzle without placing a core in the nozzle flow path are known.

[0003] With regard to swirl nozzles, JP 2014-117685 A (Patent Document 1) describes a spray nozzle of a spray device that sprays liquid in an apparatus for treating exhaust gas by absorbing gas through gas-liquid contact, in which the liquid flows in from an inlet on the side, the liquid is swirled in a swirl chamber that communicates approximately perpendicular to the inflow direction to form a swirling flow, an air core is generated around the axis of the swirl chamber, and the swirl flow is sprayed in a hollow cone shape from a nozzle, and it is described that because such a hollow cone nozzle has an air core, the diameter through which foreign objects can pass is large, making it possible to prevent nozzle clogging due to foreign objects.

[0004] On the other hand, a spiral nozzle is known as a nozzle that realizes a hollow cone-type spray pattern without applying a swirling force. JP 2021-74691 A (Patent Document 2) describes that an exhaust gas treatment device includes a plurality of spiral nozzles that spray a treatment gas into a treatment liquid, and each spiral nozzle includes a threaded portion for attaching to a gas discharge surface, a base portion extending from the threaded portion, a hole portion formed by extending hollowly from the threaded portion to the base and having a smaller hole diameter at the tip portion of the base, and a spiral portion provided at the tip portion of the base and converging toward the central axis of the base. This document describes that the treatment gas to be sprayed from the spiral spiral portion is sprayed in a spiral shape to make the bubbles fine, thereby improving the gas-liquid contact efficiency with the treatment liquid.

[0005] In addition, JP 2020-171903 A (Patent Document 3) describes a multi-hole nozzle having a nozzle body with a closed tip; a plurality of injection ports formed in the peripheral wall of the nozzle body for injecting a fluid; and a flow path formed in the nozzle body for supplying a fluid to these injection ports, wherein the flow path is formed with a plurality of supply paths for supplying a fluid to each of the plurality of injection ports. Specifically, a multi-hole nozzle is described in which a plurality of supply paths extending in the axial direction of the rod body at intervals in the circumferential direction are formed in a solid rod body, and a slit-shaped injection port extending in the circumferential direction is formed in the peripheral wall of the rod body and communicates with the supply path. It is described that such a multi-hole nozzle is useful for spraying or injecting a fluid uniformly in the circumferential direction and treating the inner wall of a cross-sectional hollow member, etc. with the fluid. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] JP 2014-117685 A [Patent Document 2] Patent Publication No. 2021-74691 [Patent Document 3] JP 2020-171903 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] However, in hollow cone nozzles that generate a swirling flow using a core inside the nozzle, including the nozzle that generates the spiral flow described in Patent Document 1, a swirling force is applied to the water flow, which causes pressure loss and makes it impossible to ensure the flow rate required for desulfurization unless the water is pressurized at high pressure. In addition, there is a problem in that the nozzle size (flow path diameter) must be made large in order to spray the required flow rate.

[0008] On the other hand, in the spiral nozzle described in Patent Document 2, although the ejection pressure is low, the spray pattern is disturbed and a clean hollow cone-shaped spray pattern cannot be formed, resulting in biased distribution of the water amount of the spray. Furthermore, since the tip is thin, it has low durability, and if sprayed during continuous operation, it will break due to spray vibration, making it impossible to maintain a hollow cone-shaped spray pattern for a long period of time.

[0009] Furthermore, in the multi-hole nozzle described in Patent Document 3, although the fluid can be sprayed or injected in the circumferential direction of the nozzle body to treat the hollow inner wall of a hollow cross-sectional member with the fluid, the fluid cannot be sprayed or injected in a hollow cone shape in an oblique forward direction. In particular, since it is necessary to form a plurality of slit-shaped injection ports corresponding to a plurality of supply paths extending in the axial direction, it is not envisaged to spray or inject the fluid in a hollow cone shape using a single flow path.

[0010] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a spray nozzle (hollow cone nozzle) and a spraying method (method of forming a spray pattern) that can ensure a sufficient spray flow rate even when the nozzle is small and at low pressure.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide a spray nozzle (hollow cone nozzle) capable of maintaining a uniform hollow cone-shaped spray pattern for an extended period of time using a single flow passage, and a spraying method therefor.

[0012] A further object of the present invention is to provide a spray nozzle (hollow cone nozzle) which is capable of suppressing clogging even when spraying or jetting for a long period of time and which also has excellent durability, and a spraying method thereof. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] As a result of intensive research to achieve the above object, the inventors have found that when one or more spray holes (or circumferentially extending orifices) are formed in the wall of a tapered flow passage closed at the downstream end at different axial positions of the nozzle body, in a form in which both circumferential sides of the axially adjacent spray holes (or circumferentially extending orifices) overlap in the radial direction of the nozzle body, the fluid can be sprayed or injected in a hollow cone shape (hollow cone shape) with a uniform flow rate distribution even in a small size and low pressure. Based on this knowledge, further research was conducted, and it was found that when the downstream spray hole and the upstream spray hole are formed in a direction that intersects when viewed from the axial direction (or in a direction that intersects in the spray downstream area diagonally outward from the spray hole), the fluid can be effectively sprayed or injected in a hollow cone shape (hollow cone shape) with a uniform flow rate distribution even in a small size and low pressure, and the present invention has been completed.

[0014] That is, [1] the spray nozzle (or multi-hole nozzle) of the present invention comprises a flow passage extending in the axial direction of the nozzle body and closed at the downstream end, and at least one spray hole extending in the circumferential direction and opening at different axial positions in the wall of the flow passage, and the downstream spray hole and the upstream spray hole (the spray hole adjacent in the axial direction) are oriented in a direction intersecting as viewed from the axial direction. In other words, in a spray nozzle in which at least one spray hole capable of spraying or injecting a spray flow (spray) is formed in the wall of a flow passage (such as a tapered flow passage) closed at a downstream end at different axial positions of the nozzle body, the spray hole is formed in such a manner that both circumferential sides of the spray flow (spray) sprayed or injected at different axial positions intersect as viewed from the axial direction (or intersect in the spray downstream area diagonally outward from the spray hole).

[0015] [2] In the above aspect [1], the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow passage on the downstream side may be smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow passage on the upstream side. [3] In the above aspect [1] or [2], the flow passage extending in the axial direction of the nozzle body may have a tapered flow passage in which the flow passage diameter (inner diameter) narrows in the downstream direction and reaches a closed downstream end. [4] In the above aspects [1] to [3], the taper angle (the expansion angle of the inner wall surface) θ1 of the tapered flow passage may be 5 to 160°.

[0016] [5] In any of the above embodiments [1] to [4], the angle θ2 of the spray axis of the spray hole relative to the central axis of the flow path may be 10 to 80°; the angle difference between the angle of the spray axis of the downstream spray hole and the angle of the spray axis of the upstream spray hole may be within 30°. [6] In any of the above aspects [1] to [5], the flow path extending in the axial direction of the nozzle body may include a cylindrical flow path extending from the upstream part of the nozzle body in the downstream direction, and a tapered flow path (a tapered flow path in the form of a cone, a truncated cone, or a cone with a curved downstream end) that communicates with the cylindrical flow path and gradually decreases in flow path diameter as it goes downstream to a closed downstream end; at least one spray hole (or orifice) that opens in the circumferential direction may be formed in the wall of the tapered flow path at different axial positions; the multiple spray holes adjacent in the axial direction may be oriented in intersecting directions (or intersecting directions in the spray downstream area) when viewed from the axial direction. [7] In any of the above aspects [1] to [6], the total angle of the central angle θ3 of the multiple spray holes adjacent in the axial and circumferential directions may be 240 to 800°.

[0017] [8] In any of the above aspects [1] to [7], both sides of the multiple spray holes adjacent in the axial direction may overlap in the radial direction of the nozzle body. [9] In any of the above aspects [1] to [8], the multiple spray holes (or orifices) may be formed at different positions in the axial direction and extending in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction; both sides of the multiple spray holes adjacent in the axial direction may overlap in the radial direction of the nozzle body; the multiple spray holes adjacent in the axial direction may be oriented in a direction such that spray areas from the multiple spray holes overlap or are continuous in the circumferential direction when viewed from the axial direction.

[10] In any of the above aspects [1] to [9], two spray holes may be formed extending in the circumferential direction at two different positions in the axial direction.

[0018]

[11] In any of the above aspects [1] to

[10] , a throttle flow passage for narrowing the flow passage diameter may be formed in the flow passage upstream of the tapered flow passage.

[12] In any of the above aspects [1] to

[11] , the throttle flow passage may be formed by a core integrated with the flow passage inner wall, or by machining.

[13] In any of the above aspects [1] to

[12] , the spray nozzle may be a spray nozzle (or a hollow cone nozzle) for spraying or injecting a fluid in a hollow cone shape onto a workpiece.

[0019]

[14] The present invention also includes a method for spraying or injecting a fluid into a hollow cone shape, in which the fluid is sprayed or injected from a plurality of spray holes of a spray nozzle (or a multi-hole nozzle) according to any one of the above aspects [1] to

[13] .

[0020] In this specification and claims, the term "tapered flow passage" refers to a flow passage in which the flow passage diameter gradually decreases or narrows in the downstream direction, regardless of whether the flow passage diameter gradually decreases or narrows linearly. Therefore, a "tapered flow passage" can also be called a "tapered flow passage." In addition, the "flow passage diameter" refers to the average value of the diameter of the inner wall of the flow passage converted into an inscribed circle and the diameter of the circumscribed circle, and when the flow passage is a cylindrical flow passage, the flow passage diameter and the diameters of the inscribed circle and circumscribed circle are the same. Effect of the Invention

[0021] In the present invention, a predetermined spray flow rate can be ensured even with a small size and low pressure. In addition, a uniform hollow cone spray pattern can be maintained for a long period of time by utilizing a single flow path. Furthermore, clogging can be suppressed even when spraying or jetting for a long period of time, and the durability is also excellent. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a spray nozzle of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the spray nozzle shown in FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the spray angle of the spray nozzle shown in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing the relationship of the central angles of the spray holes of the spray nozzle shown in FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 shows another example of the spray nozzle of the present invention, where FIG. 5(A) is a schematic diagram and FIG. 5(B) is a schematic cross-sectional diagram. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the swirl nozzle used in Comparative Example 1. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows the spiral nozzle used in Comparative Example 2, where FIG. 7(A) is a schematic end view and FIG. 7(B) is a schematic view seen from the spiral spray hole side. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for measuring flow rate distribution (water volume distribution) in an embodiment, where FIG. 8(A) is a schematic plan view and FIG. 8(B) is a schematic side view. [Figure 9]FIG. 9 is a graph showing the measurement results of flow rate distribution (water volume distribution) in Example 1, with FIG. 9(A) showing the measurement results of flow rate distribution in the X-axis direction (the X(+)-X(-) direction in FIG. 8(A)), FIG. 9(B) showing the measurement results of flow rate distribution in the Y-axis direction (the Y(+)-Y(-) direction in FIG. 8(A)), FIG. 9(C) showing the measurement results of flow rate distribution in a diagonally downward right direction (the Y(+)X(+)-Y(-)X(-) direction in FIG. 8(A)), and FIG. 9(D) showing the measurement results of flow rate distribution in a diagonally upward right direction (the Y(+)X(-)-Y(-)X(+) direction in FIG. 8(A). [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a graph showing the measurement results of the flow rate distribution (water volume distribution) in Comparative Example 1, with FIG. 10(A) showing the measurement results of the flow rate distribution in the X-axis direction (the X(+)-X(-) direction in FIG. 8(A)), and FIG. 10(B) showing the measurement results of the flow rate distribution in the Y-axis direction (the Y(+)-Y(-) direction in FIG. 8(A)). [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a graph showing the measurement results of flow rate distribution (water volume distribution) in Comparative Example 2, with FIG. 11(A) showing the measurement results of flow rate distribution in the X-axis direction (the X(+)-X(-) direction in FIG. 8(A)), and FIG. 11(B) showing the measurement results of flow rate distribution in the Y-axis direction (the Y(+)-Y(-) direction in FIG. 8(A)). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0023] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0024] 1 and 2 show an example of a spray nozzle of the present invention. This spray nozzle 1 has a nozzle body 2 equipped with an adapter portion 3 for connecting to a tube (not shown) of a liquid source, and a nozzle body portion 6 extending from the adapter portion in a truncated cone shape. A threaded portion 3a is formed on the outer periphery of the adapter portion 3, and a fastening head 8 is interposed between the adapter portion 3 and the nozzle body portion 6 for screwing the threaded portion 3a into the tube to fasten it, and the nozzle body 2 (i.e., the adapter portion 3, the fastening head 8 and the nozzle body portion 6) are formed as a single unit.

[0025] A single flow path extends along the central axis of the spray nozzle 1, and this flow path includes, from the upstream direction to the downstream direction, a first cylindrical flow path 5a extending in the axial direction of the adapter portion 3, having a large flow path diameter (inner diameter) and a predetermined flow path length, a cylindrical throttle flow path 4 adjacent to the first cylindrical flow path and formed by a throttle wall 4a protruding inward from the inner wall of the adapter portion 3, a second cylindrical flow path 5b extending in the axial direction adjacent to the throttle flow path, having a flow path diameter (inner diameter) smaller than the first cylindrical flow path 5a and having a flow path length equal to or longer than the first cylindrical flow path 5a, and a substantially tapered flow path 7 extending from the second cylindrical flow path 5b in the axial direction of the nozzle body portion 6 and having an inner diameter gradually decreasing in a conical shape downstream, and the downstream end of this tapered flow path (the downstream end of the truncated cone-shaped nozzle body portion 6) is closed in a curved form. In this example, the first cylindrical flow path 5a is formed to have a flow path length of 25 to 35 mm and an inner diameter (flow path diameter) of about 35 to 47 mm, the second cylindrical flow path 5b is formed to have a flow path length of 27 to 38 mm and an inner diameter of about 20 to 30 mm, and the throttle flow path 4 is smaller than the flow path length and inner diameter of the second cylindrical flow path 5b, and is formed to have a flow path length of 3 to 10 mm and an inner diameter of about 20 to 30 mm. The throttle flow path 4 is formed by machining.

[0026] The tapered flow path 7 does not have an inner diameter (inner wall) that narrows linearly as it goes downstream, but has an inner wall that curves slightly radially outward as it goes downstream. In this approximately tapered flow path 7, if the intersection angle of a straight line connecting the opposing portion (opposing end) of the downstream end (upstream end of the tapered flow path 7) of the second cylindrical flow path 5b and the upstream end of the downstream curved closed portion (particularly, the intersection point between the imaginary inner wall along the inner wall and the central axis of the downstream spray hole (orifice) 11) is taken as taper angle θ1, the taper angle θ1 is formed to be about 22 to 30°.

[0027] In the wall portion (the outer peripheral wall of the nozzle body portion 6 having a truncated cone shape) of the tapered flow passage 7, two spray holes (horizontally elongated orifices) 10, 11 are opened at different axial positions, extending in the circumferential direction. In this example, two upstream spray holes (orifices) 10 and two downstream spray holes (orifices) 11 are opened alternately (or in a staggered form in which the spray holes are alternately positioned in the axial direction) at the positions (adjacent positions) of the two adjacent walls at a predetermined interval in the axial direction, respectively, adjacent to each other at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction (equally spaced in the circumferential direction), and two (four in total) spray holes (orifices) 10, 11 are formed in two stages. That is, the two upstream spray holes 10 are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction with respect to the central axis line of the tapered flow passage 7, and the centers of these two spray holes 10 are positioned opposite each other on the wall portion (inner wall) of the tapered flow passage 7. The two downstream spray holes 11 are also formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the centers of the two spray holes 11 are positioned opposite each other on the wall (inner wall) of the tapered flow path 7 in a positional relationship shifted circumferentially at an angle of 90° relative to the centers of the two upstream spray holes 10 based on the central axis of the tapered flow path 7 (a positional relationship in which an imaginary plane connecting the centers of the two upstream spray holes and an imaginary plane connecting the centers of the two downstream spray holes 11 are perpendicular to each other).

[0028] The two downstream spray holes (orifices) 11 are formed upstream at a predetermined distance from the downstream closing portion (curved closing portion) where the tapered flow path 7 is closed, and the two upstream spray holes (orifices) 10 are also formed downstream at a predetermined distance from the upstream end of the tapered flow path 7. Each spray hole (horizontally elongated orifice) 10, 11 is formed in a form that opens along a circumference having the same length from the central axis of the single flow path (throttle flow path 4, cylindrical flow paths 5a, 5b, and tapered flow path 7) to the inner wall surface, and has the same circumferential length (or the same central angle) based on the central axis of the single flow path. In addition, both side walls of each spray hole (orifice) 10, 11 in the circumferential direction have a form that expands in the circumferential direction and is inclined.

[0029] The four spray holes (orifices) 10, 11 adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the nozzle body 2 are directed obliquely outward at an angle (angle between the central axis of the nozzle body 2 and the central axis of the spray holes (orifices) 10, 11) θ2 (θ2a, θ2b) as they move downstream of the flow paths 4, 5 (5a, 5b), 7; the direction of the upstream spray hole (orifice) 10 and the direction of the downstream spray hole (orifice) 11 can intersect when viewed from the axial direction. As shown in FIG. 3, the central axis (spray axis) or direction (spray axis or spray angle) θ2a of the upstream spray hole 10 is smaller than the central axis (spray axis) or direction (spray axis or spray angle) θ2b of the downstream spray hole 11 relative to the central axis of the nozzle body 2, and the central axes (spray axes) or spray axes θ2a, θ2b of the spray holes 10, 11 intersect when viewed from the axial direction. That is, the spray axis (spray axis) θ2a of the upstream spray hole 10 and the spray axis (spray axis) θ2b of the downstream spray hole 11 are oriented in directions that intersect with each other in the downstream area (spray downstream area) in the obliquely outward direction. In this example, the spray axis (or spray angle) θ2b of the downstream spray hole 11 relative to the central axis (flow path axis) of the nozzle body 2 is formed at about 45 to 55°, and the spray axis (or spray angle) θ2a of the upstream spray hole 10 is formed at about 40 to 50°, which is about 3 to 8° smaller than the spray axis θ2b of the downstream spray hole 11.

[0030] Furthermore, in the spray nozzle 1 having the upstream and downstream spray holes 10, 11 formed with the same circumferential length (arc length) based on the central axis, the fluid from the spray holes 10, 11 adjacent in the axial direction of the nozzle body 2 is sprayed or injected in a hollow cone shape by overlapping in the circumferential direction in the obliquely downstream spray area (spray downstream area), so that the circumferential side portions (both sides of the arc) of the spray holes (the two upstream spray holes 10 and the two downstream spray holes 11) adjacent in the axial direction overlap in the radial direction of the nozzle body 2. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the upstream spray hole (orifice arc with central angle θ3a) 10 and the downstream spray hole (orifice arc with central angle θ3b) 11 overlap each other in the radial direction of the nozzle body 2 at their circumferential side portions (both sides of the arc). Specifically, the circumferential side portions (arc-shaped side portions) of the upstream first spray hole 10a overlap one side portion (e.g., a leading portion in a counterclockwise direction) of the circumferential side portions (arc-shaped side portions) of the downstream first spray hole (orifice arc) 11a and the other side portion (e.g., a leading portion in a clockwise direction) of the circumferential side portions (arc-shaped side portions) of the second spray hole (orifice arc) 11b adjacent to the downstream first spray hole 11a; Both circumferential sides (both sides of the orifice arc) of the second spray hole 10b adjacent to the upstream first spray hole 10a overlap (spread) with the other side (e.g., the leading portion in the clockwise direction) of both circumferential sides (both sides of the orifice arc) of the downstream first spray hole (orifice arc) 11a and one side (e.g., the leading portion in the counterclockwise direction) of both circumferential sides (both arc-shaped sides) of the downstream second spray hole (orifice arc) 11b. In this example, the central angles θ3a, θ3b of each spray hole (orifice) are set to about θ3a = 105 to 115° and θ3b = 120 to 135°, respectively, and the total angle [(central angle θ3a × 2) + (central angle θ3b × 2)] of the central angle θ3a of the two upstream spray holes 10 and the central angle θ3b of the two downstream spray holes 11 is set to about 440 to 500°. In addition, in the radial direction of the nozzle body 2, the central angle of the overlapping portion (overlapping arc-shaped portion) where axially adjacent spray holes overlap (overlap) each other on both circumferential sides (both sides of the arc) is set to about 25 to 35°.

[0031] In such a spray nozzle 1, when the fluid is supplied through a single flow path (throttle flow path 4, cylindrical flow paths 5a, 5b, and tapered flow path 7) and the fluid is sprayed or injected from two upstream spray holes 10 and two downstream spray holes 11 adjacent in the axial direction, the spray areas from the spray holes 10, 11 overlap or connect in the circumferential direction when viewed from the axial direction, and the fluid can be sprayed or injected with a uniform flow rate distribution in a hollow cone shape. Furthermore, the fluid from the first cylindrical flow path 5a, which has a large flow path diameter, can be throttled by the throttle flow path 4 and released by the second cylindrical flow path 5b, and the flow of the fluid can be homogenized, so that the flow rate distribution of the spray fluid sprayed or injected in a hollow cone shape can be further homogenized. Moreover, the structure is simple, small, and the necessary spray flow rate can be secured even at low pressure. Furthermore, it is only necessary to supply the fluid from the single flow paths 4, 5 (5a, 5b), 7, and the minimum flow path diameter of the flow paths (particularly the flow paths of the spray holes 10, 11) can be made large, so clogging can be prevented even when spraying or injecting for a long time, and durability can be improved. Furthermore, the productivity of the spray nozzle 1 can be improved without complicating the structure.

[0032] In the following examples, the same elements or members as those in the spray nozzles of Figs. 1 to 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0033] In the spray nozzle of the present invention, the downstream end of the flow passage has a closed form, and the flow passage extending in the axial direction of the nozzle body may be formed of a plurality of flow passages, but is preferably formed of a single flow passage, and the radial (vertical) cross-sectional shape of the flow passage extending from the upstream direction to the downstream direction is not particularly limited and may be a polygonal shape such as a square, hexagonal, or octagonal shape, or an elliptical shape, but is usually circular in most cases.

[0034] In the flow path of the spray nozzle of the present invention, the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path on the downstream side may be the same or different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path on the upstream side in the axial (horizontal) cross section, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path on the downstream side of the flow path may be larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path on the upstream side of the flow path, but is preferably smaller. That is, the flow path may be a cylindrical flow path extending from the upstream direction to the downstream direction with the same flow path diameter, and the flow path diameter may expand from the upstream direction to the downstream direction in a stepped, linear or curved manner with a smooth flow path inner wall, or may narrow. In a preferred embodiment, the flow path extending in the axial direction of the nozzle body may be provided with a tapered flow path in which the flow path diameter gradually decreases (or narrows) from the upstream direction to the downstream direction and the downstream end is closed. A flow path extending upstream from the tapered flow path is not necessarily required, and it does not have to be a cylindrical flow path, but in a preferred embodiment, the flow path extending in the axial direction of the nozzle body has at least a tapered flow path, and may be equipped with a cylindrical flow path (cylindrical inner wall) extending downstream from the upstream part of the nozzle body, and a tapered flow path (tapered inner wall) that communicates with this cylindrical flow path and has a flow path diameter that narrows (gradually decreases) as it extends downstream.

[0035] The cylindrical flow path may be formed of a single cylindrical flow path having the same flow path diameter (inner diameter), or may be formed of a plurality of cylindrical flow paths (for example, a first cylindrical flow path and a second cylindrical flow path) having different flow path diameters (inner diameters) and / or flow path lengths, as described above. In the plurality of cylindrical flow paths, the number of cylindrical flow paths may be selected from a range of about 2 to 5, and may be about 2 or 3. The flow path diameters (inner diameters) of the plurality of cylindrical flow paths may be formed to be successively larger, irregularly or regularly, from the upstream direction to the downstream direction, but may preferably be formed to be smaller; the flow path lengths of the plurality of cylindrical flow paths may be formed to be successively smaller, irregularly or regularly, from the upstream direction to the downstream direction, but may preferably be formed to be equal or larger. In a preferred embodiment, in order to suppress turbulent flow of the fluid, the plurality of cylindrical flow paths may be formed of two cylindrical flow paths, and the flow path diameters can be formed to be smaller from the upstream direction to the downstream direction; the flow path length of the downstream cylindrical flow path leading to the tapered flow path can be formed to be equal to or longer than the flow path length of the upstream cylindrical flow path.

[0036] The tapered flow path may have a flow path diameter that narrows linearly (gradually decreases) from the upstream direction to the downstream direction, and may be formed of one or more tapered flow path sections. In other words, the flow path extending from the most downstream tapered flow path section to the upstream direction is not limited to a cylindrical flow path, and may be formed of multiple tapered flow path sections. For example, the tapered flow path may have, from the closed downstream end toward the upstream direction, a tapered flow path section having a small taper angle adjacent to a tapered flow path section having a large taper angle; a tapered flow path section having a large taper angle adjacent to a tapered flow path section having a small taper angle; a tapered flow path section having a large taper angle interposed between tapered flow path sections having small taper angles; a tapered flow path section having a small taper angle interposed between tapered flow path sections having large taper angles; a plurality of tapered flow path sections having successively small or large taper angles adjacent to each other, and the taper angle of the tapered flow path (inner wall) can be selected depending on the size of the spray nozzle, the spray flow rate, etc.

[0037] As described above, the tapered flow path may have a flow path diameter that linearly narrows (gradually decreases) from the upstream direction to the downstream direction, or the flow path diameter may be curved and narrow radially inward or expand radially outward from the upstream direction to the downstream direction. For example, the inner wall (side inner wall) of the tapered flow path may be formed of a single curved wall with a predetermined curvature radius R (mm), or may be formed by combining multiple curved walls with different curvature radii R (mm) from the upstream direction to the downstream direction, for example, multiple curved walls with 2 to 5, preferably about 2 to 4, curved walls. The multiple curved walls of such a tapered flow path may be formed in the following manner from the upstream direction to the downstream direction: multiple curved walls with successively larger radii of curvature R (mm); multiple curved walls with successively smaller radii of curvature R (mm); a curved wall with a large radius of curvature R (mm) and a curved wall with a small radius of curvature R (mm); a curved wall with a small radius of curvature R (mm) and a curved wall with a large radius of curvature R (mm); a curved wall with a small radius of curvature R (mm) interposed between curved walls with large radii of curvature R (mm); a curved wall with a large radius of curvature R (mm) interposed between curved walls with small radii of curvature R (mm), etc., and the curvature radius R (mm) of the curved walls can be selected depending on the size of the spray nozzle, etc.

[0038] The closure form of the downstream end of the tapered flow path is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a conical flow path that is closed or convergent by intersecting at an acute angle (or in a tapered form), a conical flow path with a curved downstream end that is closed or convergent (a form that bulges and curves in the downstream direction), or a conical flow path that is closed or convergent in a form that extends in the radial direction (a truncated conical flow path).

[0039] The taper angle θ1 of the tapered flow path (inner wall) may be formed to be 5 to 160°, and may be about 7 to 120° (for example, 10 to 100°), preferably 10 to 70° (for example, 12 to 50°), and more preferably about 15 to 35° (for example, 20 to 30°). In addition, in a single tapered flow path in which the flow path diameter gradually decreases or narrows linearly, this taper angle θ1 can be the taper angle θ1 as it is, and in a flow path having a plurality of tapered flow path portions or one or a plurality of curved flow path portions, it can be the intersection angle of a straight line connecting the upstream end of the tapered flow path (opposing portion of the upstream end) and the upstream end of the downstream closing portion (particularly, the intersection point between the virtual inner wall along the inner wall of the tapered flow path and the central axis of the most downstream spray hole).

[0040] Further, although the throttle flow passage is not necessarily required, if necessary, a throttle flow passage for narrowing the flow passage diameter may be formed in the flow passage in order to adjust the flow rate or the flow rate distribution in the hollow cone-shaped spray pattern. This throttle flow passage may be formed in a tapered flow passage, but preferably in a flow passage on the upstream side of the tapered flow passage (for example, a cylindrical flow passage). The flow passage diameter of the throttle flow passage may be smaller than the flow passage diameter on the upstream side of the throttle flow passage, and may be, for example, about 20 to 98, preferably 30 to 95, more preferably 40 to 80, more preferably 50 to 70, and particularly about 55 to 65, when the flow passage diameter on the upstream side (the flow passage diameter of the upstream part adjacent to the throttle flow passage) is "100". In addition, when the flow passage diameter on the downstream side (the flow passage diameter of the downstream part adjacent to the throttle flow passage) is "100", the flow passage diameter of the throttle flow passage may be, for example, about 50 to 98, preferably 60 to 95, more preferably 70 to 90, and particularly about 75 to 85.

[0041] The flow path length of the throttle flow path (the axial length or distance of the inward protruding starting point of the flow path) is not particularly limited, and may be about 1 to 40, preferably 3 to 30, more preferably 5 to 25, and particularly preferably about 10 to 20, when the flow path length of the upstream or downstream portion adjacent to the throttle flow path is "100".

[0042] The flow path diameter of the throttle flow path may be formed by a core that can be installed in the flow path (a core that can be integrated with the flow path inner wall), or may be formed integrally with the flow path inner wall by machining. The throttle flow path may be formed by a wall portion extending inward from the flow path of the nozzle body, for example, a wall portion (such as a wall portion protruding in a square shape) extending inwardly perpendicular to the axial direction of the flow path of the nozzle body, or a wall portion extending linearly or curvedly and inclined inwardly as it goes upstream and / or downstream. The core may be formed of a member capable of forming a ring-shaped protrusion on the inner wall of the flow path by an integration means such as press-fitting or welding, for example, a ring-shaped member (or annular member) whose radial cross-sectional shape is a circle or a polygon such as a doughnut, square, hexagon, or octagon; the axial cross-sectional shape of the member capable of forming the ring-shaped protrusion may be, for example, a thin plate, a thick plate, or a hollow shape (for example, a hollow triangular shape, hollow trapezoidal shape, etc.) that is linear or curved toward the upstream direction and / or downstream direction and has a smaller thickness. The core may be formed of an annular core that can be mounted in a mounting recess formed in a suitable position of the flow path (for example, the downstream end of the first cylindrical flow path 5a). In the machining, the ring-shaped protrusion may be integrally formed on the inner wall of the flow path when machining the flow path. Forming a throttle flow path by machining (machining) the core integrally with the inner wall of the flow path is effective in improving durability and corrosion resistance.

[0043] Furthermore, a step portion (e.g., an annular recess or a concave groove portion) with an increased inner diameter may be formed in the upstream portion adjacent to the throttle flow passage, and the upstream end of this step portion may be formed by an annular side wall extending in the radial direction and may be inclined linearly or curvedly toward the upstream direction. The downstream end of the step portion may also be formed by an annular side wall extending in the radial direction and may be inclined linearly or curvedly toward the downstream direction relative to the ring-shaped protrusion.

[0044] It is not necessary to form the fastening head and the adapter portion adjacent to the nozzle body portion, and the nozzle body may be formed at least of the nozzle body portion, or may be formed of the nozzle body portion and the adapter portion, or may be formed of the nozzle body portion and the adapter portion that can be attached to the nozzle body portion. The adapter portion is not limited to the threaded portion, and it is sufficient that a connecting portion (or a pipe body) that can be connected or coupled to the fluid source is formed, and this connecting portion (including the threaded portion) or the adapter portion may be welded to the pipe body of the fluid source.

[0045] The nozzle body (or nozzle main body) is not limited to a truncated cone shape, and may be a cone shape, a cylinder shape, a polygonal column shape, etc. The nozzle body (or nozzle main body) is often in a tapered shape, for example, a truncated cone shape, a cone shape, a warhead shape with a curved tip, etc.

[0046] At least one spray hole or orifice (at least two spray holes in total) extending in the circumferential direction may be formed in the wall of the nozzle body at different axial positions (or at different axial positions). The at least one spray hole (at least two spray holes in total) formed at different axial positions may be formed in the wall of the cylindrical flow path, or may be formed in the wall of the cylindrical flow path and the wall of the tapered flow path, and in a preferred embodiment, is formed in the wall of the tapered flow path. That is, a plurality of spray holes opening at different axial and circumferential positions may be formed in the wall of the flow path (particularly the tapered flow path). In such a form, it is not necessary to form a plurality of spray holes adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, and one spray hole may be formed at each different axial position, or spray holes may be formed alternately at different axial positions and different circumferential positions.

[0047] For example, as shown in Fig. 5, a single upstream spray hole (spray hole or orifice opened by cutting the wall portion deeply in the radial direction) 30 having a large circumferential length (arc or central angle) and a single downstream spray hole (spray hole or orifice opened by cutting the wall portion shallowly in the radial direction) 31 having a small circumferential length (central angle) may be formed at two different axial positions of the nozzle body 2, with both circumferential sides of the upstream spray hole 30 and the downstream spray hole 31 overlapping each other in the radial direction of the nozzle body 2. In this example, too, the spray axis (spray axis) of the upstream spray hole 30 is formed at a smaller angle with respect to the central axis of the nozzle body 2 than the spray axis (spray axis) of the downstream spray hole 31. Therefore, even when a fluid is sprayed or injected using such a spray nozzle 21, the spray axes from the upstream spray hole 30 and the downstream spray hole 31 can be made to intersect (intersect in the downstream spray area) when viewed from the axial direction, so that the fluid can be sprayed or injected in a hollow cone shape. The spray nozzle 21 is advantageous in terms of uniformity of flow rate distribution and productivity of the spray nozzle, while the spray nozzle 1 shown in Figures 1 to 4 is advantageous in terms of the balance between flow rate distribution and durability.

[0048] In addition, the most downstream spray hole may be formed by opening along the closing wall (closing portion) of the flow path (such as the tapered flow path), or may be formed in the upstream portion of this closing wall; the flow path between the most downstream spray hole and the closing wall of the flow path (such as the tapered flow path) may be formed as a turbulent flow path area.

[0049] The shape (opening shape) of the spray hole (orifice) is not particularly limited as long as it extends in the circumferential direction of the nozzle body and can spray or inject in a hollow cone shape, and may be a horizontally elongated shape (slit-like shape) that extends in the circumferential direction of the nozzle body and opens, or may be a rectangular shape, an elliptical shape, or the like, and is usually a horizontally elongated elliptical shape or a narrow elliptical shape in many cases. The spray hole that opens in the circumferential direction of the nozzle body may extend at an incline with respect to the axial direction of the nozzle body, but is preferably formed to extend in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the nozzle body. The side walls of the spray hole (orifice) extending in the circumferential direction of the nozzle body may extend parallel to the radial direction of the nozzle body, and in a preferred embodiment, they may extend in the radial direction of the nozzle body in order to efficiently overlap or overlap the spray fluid from the spray hole (orifice) when viewed from the axial direction, and may in particular be inclined (linearly or curvedly inclined) expanding in the circumferential direction (expanding further in the circumferential direction than the radial direction of the nozzle body). For example, both circumferential side walls of the spray hole (orifice) may extend in a direction perpendicular to the radial direction of the nozzle body. In this configuration, the spray fluid from the spray hole (orifice) can be efficiently overlapped in the downstream area (spray downstream area) of the spray hole, and the spray fluid can be sprayed in a hollow cone shape.

[0050] The opening width at the center of the spray hole (slit width, axial length, or distance between the upstream end and downstream end at the center of the open spray hole) may be, for example, about 1 to 20 mm (e.g., 2 to 18 mm), preferably about 3 to 17 mm (e.g., 4 to 15 mm), and more preferably about 5 to 12 mm (e.g., 6 to 10 mm) depending on the spray flow rate of the spray nozzle, etc. In the spray nozzle of the present invention, the minimum flow path diameter can be specified by the opening width at the center of the spray hole (slit width), i.e., the opening width in a direction perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the spray hole.

[0051] In the present invention, the minimum flow passage diameter is smaller than that of the nozzle of Patent Document 1, which has a larger flow passage diameter, but even with the minimum flow passage diameter capable of preventing clogging, a predetermined flow rate can be ensured while suppressing pressure loss, unlike the nozzle of Patent Document 1, and the fluid can be sprayed or injected into a hollow cone shape with a uniform flow rate distribution. Also, in the present invention, the minimum flow passage diameter can be made larger than that of the spiral nozzle of Patent Document 2, clogging can be prevented, durability can be improved, and the fluid can be sprayed or injected into a hollow cone shape with a uniform flow rate distribution.

[0052] The circumferential length of the spray hole (circumferential length of the opening) can be selected according to the application of the spray nozzle, the spray flow rate, the number of spray holes in the circumferential direction, etc., and may be, for example, about 5 to 100 mm (e.g., 10 to 80 mm), preferably about 15 to 75 mm (e.g., 20 to 50 mm), or about 10 to 50 mm (e.g., 15 to 35 mm). In the spray holes formed at different positions in the axial direction of the nozzle body, the circumferential length of the downstream spray hole (circumferential length of the opening; arc length) may be the same as or different from the arc length of the upstream spray hole, and may be larger than the arc length of the upstream spray hole, but in a preferred embodiment, it may be smaller than the arc length of the upstream spray hole.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of spray holes (injection ports) may be formed in the wall of the flow path (such as a tapered flow path) at different axial positions of the nozzle body (in multiple stages spaced apart in the axial direction) and at each axial position (each stage) of the nozzle body, so as to open in the circumferential direction at intervals (or adjacent to each other). That is, a plurality of spray holes (injection ports) may be formed adjacent to each other (or equally spaced) in the circumferential direction at a plurality of different axial positions (locations) of the nozzle body.

[0054] At different axial positions of the nozzle body (different stages, for example, positions adjacent in the axial direction), spray holes with different central angles (or different arc lengths) may be adjacent in the axial direction; spray holes with the same central angle (or spray holes with the same arc length) may be adjacent in the axial direction. When the nozzle body has a tapered wall (inclined wall) such as a cone or truncated cone shape, if spray holes are opened at multiple different axial positions of the nozzle body in this tapered wall (inclined wall), there are cases where the arc lengths of the spray holes are different even if the central angle is the same, and cases where the arc lengths of the spray holes are the same even if the central angles are different.

[0055] In addition, multiple circumferentially adjacent spray holes may include spray holes with different central angles (or spray holes with different arc lengths) at the same axial position (within the same stage) of the nozzle body, for example, spray holes with a long arc length and spray holes with a short arc length; in a preferred embodiment, spray holes with the same central angle (or the same arc length) may be adjacent in the circumferential direction (at a predetermined interval).

[0056] Furthermore, spray holes with different central angles (or different arc lengths) may be adjacent in the axial direction of the nozzle body at the same or different circumferential positions, and spray holes with the same central angle (or the same arc length) may be adjacent in the axial direction of the nozzle body. The multiple spray holes may be formed in an asymmetrical positional relationship in the circumferential direction with respect to the central axis of the nozzle body, but in a preferred embodiment, the multiple spray holes adjacent in the circumferential direction may be formed in a symmetrical positional relationship, i.e., at equal intervals in the circumferential direction (at equal intervals between the spray hole centers or at equal intervals with the same central angle), in order to increase the durability of the nozzle body.

[0057] The central angle θ3 of each spray hole can be selected from a range of approximately 30 to 280° depending on the arrangement of multiple spray holes, and may be approximately 50 to 240° (e.g., 60 to 200°), preferably 70 to 180° (e.g., 80 to 170°), and more preferably 100 to 150° (e.g., 110 to 130°).

[0058] As described above, the central angle of the upstream spray hole and the central angle of the downstream spray hole may be the same or different, and the central angle of the downstream spray hole may be larger or smaller than the central angle of the upstream spray hole. The difference between the central angle of the upstream spray hole and the central angle of the downstream spray hole may be about 3 to 30 °, preferably 5 to 25 °, and more preferably 10 to 20 °. Of the central angle of the upstream spray hole and the central angle of the downstream spray hole, the central angle of one spray hole may be, for example, about 30 to 200 °, preferably 50 to 170 °, more preferably 70 to 150 °, and particularly about 90 to 130 °, and the central angle of the other spray hole may be, for example, about 40 to 220 °, preferably 70 to 200 °, more preferably 90 to 170 °, and particularly about 110 to 150 °. In a preferred embodiment, the central angle of the downstream spray hole may be larger than the central angle of the upstream spray hole.

[0059] The multiple spray holes (injection ports) may be formed at different axial positions (spaced apart) of the nozzle body, shifted in the circumferential direction, and equally spaced apart in the circumferential direction; in order to increase the durability of the nozzle body, the multiple spray holes may be formed at different axial positions and staggered in the circumferential direction (particularly, in a form in which multiple spray holes are spaced apart in the axial direction and adjacent to each other to form a spray hole row (orifice row), with the spray holes of one adjacent spray hole row (orifice row) positioned between the spray holes of the other adjacent spray hole row (orifice row), i.e., in a staggered positional relationship).

[0060] As described above, in the present invention, it is sufficient to form at least one spray hole (for example, a slit-shaped spray hole opened in the circumferential direction of the nozzle body) at different positions in the axial direction of the nozzle body; the spray holes can be formed in multiple stages or in a plurality of stages in the axial direction of the nozzle body, and may be formed at, for example, 2 to 6 (for example, 2 to 5), preferably 2 to 4, more preferably 2 or 3, and particularly about 2 different positions (locations). In many cases, spray holes are formed at different even number positions in the axial direction of the nozzle body. If the number of spray holes formed at intervals in the axial direction of the nozzle body is too large, the flow rate distribution may be reduced.

[0061] As long as at least one spray hole is formed at each of different axial positions of the nozzle body, one spray hole may be formed in the circumferential direction of the nozzle body, or multiple spray holes may be formed at intervals (or adjacent) in the circumferential direction. From the viewpoint of spray uniformity, the number of multiple spray holes adjacent in the circumferential direction of the nozzle body (spray holes in a row of spray holes adjacent in the circumferential direction) may be 2 to 5, preferably 2 to 4, more preferably 2 or 3, and particularly about 2.

[0062] In order to enhance the durability of the nozzle body, a preferred nozzle body has two circumferentially adjacent spray holes formed at two different axial positions, each extending in the circumferential direction. That is, two circumferentially adjacent spray holes of the same circumferential length (two spray holes of the same arc length formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction), in particular, two spray holes of the same central angle, are formed in two stages in the axial direction.

[0063] The total angle of the central angle θ3 of the plurality of spray holes adjacent in the axial and circumferential directions (the total of the central angles θ3 of each spray hole, for example, in the example of the two-stage spray hole, the total of the central angles θ3a and θ3b of the four spray holes) may be such that the fluid can be sprayed in a hollow cone shape (hollow cone shape), and may be, for example, about 240 to 800 ° (for example, 280 to 750 °), preferably 320 to 700 ° (for example, 360 to 600 °), more preferably 380 to 560 ° (for example, 400 to 520 °), and particularly about 400 to 500 ° (for example, 420 to 480 °). If the total angle of the central angles θ3 of the plurality of spray holes is too small, there is a risk that the hollow cone-shaped spray pattern will be disturbed and it will not be possible to spray with a uniform flow rate distribution, and if it is too large, there is a risk that the durability and productivity of the spray nozzle will decrease.

[0064] In the spray nozzle of the present invention, so long as it is possible to spray or inject in a hollow cone shape, it is not necessary for both sides of a plurality of spray holes (or orifices) adjacent in the axial direction of the nozzle body (for example, both sides of arc-shaped spray holes formed in multiple stages spaced apart in the axial direction) to overlap in the radial direction of the nozzle body. In a spray nozzle formed by opening at least one spray hole which extends in the circumferential direction and is capable of spraying or injecting a spray flow (spray) in a wall portion of a flow path (such as a tapered flow path) whose downstream end is closed, at different axial positions of the nozzle body, the spray hole may be formed in such a manner that both circumferential sides of the spray flow (spray) sprayed or injected at different axial positions intersect when viewed from the axial direction.

[0065] That is, in the present invention, in order to spray with a uniform flow rate distribution, among the spray holes formed at intervals (or at different positions) in the axial direction of the nozzle body, the downstream spray hole (for example, the downstream spray hole among the spray holes extending in the circumferential direction at adjacent positions in the axial direction; the most downstream spray hole) and the upstream spray hole (for example, the upstream spray hole among the spray holes extending in the circumferential direction at the adjacent positions; the most upstream spray hole) may be oriented in a direction that intersects when viewed from the axial direction. In other words, the spray axis (direction) of the upstream spray hole and the spray axis (direction) of the downstream spray hole may intersect when viewed from the axial direction (the spray flow may intersect in the spray downstream area). In addition, regardless of whether they are adjacent in the axial direction of the nozzle body, the spray areas from the spray holes formed at different positions in the axial direction of the nozzle body may intersect (or merge) when viewed from the axial direction, and preferably, the multiple spray holes adjacent in the axial direction of the nozzle body may be oriented in a direction that intersects (or merges) when viewed from the axial direction, and the spray fluid may be jetted or sprayed by intersecting when viewed from the axial direction. That is, a spray area from an upstream spray hole and a spray area from a downstream spray hole adjacent to each other in the axial direction may intersect (or merge) when viewed in the axial direction.

[0066] In order to make the spray areas from the upstream and downstream spray holes intersect or merge when viewed from the axial direction, the directions (spray angles) of the multiple spray holes adjacent in the axial direction of the nozzle body with respect to the central axis of the nozzle body may be different from each other, and the direction of the upstream spray hole may be made larger than the direction of the downstream spray hole, but it is advantageous to make the direction of the upstream spray hole smaller than the direction of the downstream spray hole. In this embodiment, the spray areas can be made to merge or intersect in a form in which the spray area from the upstream spray hole covers (overlaps or overlaps) the spray area from the downstream spray hole, and spraying or injecting in a hollow cone shape with a uniform flow rate.

[0067] The angle difference (spray angle difference or crossing angle) (Δθ2) between the spray axis (direction or spray angle) θ2b of the downstream spray hole and the spray axis (direction or spray angle) θ2a of the upstream spray hole may be such that the spray flow can cross or merge in the downstream area (spray downstream area) of the spray hole, and may be, for example, within 30° (1 to 30°), preferably 2 to 25° (e.g., 3 to 20°), and more preferably about 3 to 15° (e.g., 4 to 10°) depending on the hollow cone-shaped spray pattern. Note that the above angle difference may be the angle difference between the most downstream spray hole and the most upstream spray hole in a spray nozzle in which spray holes extending in the circumferential direction are formed at multiple different positions in the axial direction of the nozzle body, or may be the angle difference between one spray hole (e.g., downstream spray hole) and the other spray hole (e.g., upstream spray hole) of spray holes adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the nozzle body.

[0068] In order to spray or inject a uniform hollow cone spray pattern, it is advantageous for the two sides of the plurality of axially adjacent spray holes to overlap in the radial direction of the nozzle body.

[0069] In addition, both sides of the multiple spray holes (multiple spray holes adjacent in the axial direction) formed in multiple stages (or in a multiple-stage pattern) spaced apart in the axial direction of the nozzle body need only overlap, as a whole, in the radial direction of the nozzle body, and are not limited to both sides of a pair of spray holes adjacent in the axial direction of the nozzle body, but may also be overlapped by both sides of spray holes formed at a predetermined interval in the axial direction in a form spanning (skipping over) at least one spray hole in the axial direction. For example, when the first to third spray holes are formed in a three-stage shape spaced apart from each other in the axial direction of the nozzle body and open in the circumferential direction from upstream to downstream, and the clockwise side of the two circumferential sides of the spray holes is defined as one side, and the counterclockwise side is defined as the other side, one of the two circumferential sides of the second spray hole may overlap in the radial direction with the other circumferential side of the first spray hole, and the other side of the second spray hole may overlap in the radial direction with one of the circumferential sides of the third spray hole. That is, in the spray holes (a pair of upstream and downstream spray holes) adjacent in the axial direction of the nozzle body, both circumferential sides of one of the upstream and downstream spray holes may overlap in the radial direction of the nozzle body with at least one circumferential side of the other spray hole.

[0070] In particular, in a nozzle body in which a spray hole row is formed by a plurality of spray holes spaced apart in the circumferential direction, both circumferential sides of the spray holes of one of the spray hole rows (adjacent downstream and upstream spray hole rows) formed in a plurality of stages (preferably two stages) in the radial direction of the nozzle body may overlap with one and the other circumferential sides of the spray holes adjacent in the circumferential direction of the other spray hole row in a form that overlaps (shifted in the circumferential direction). That is, a plurality of horizontally elongated spray holes may be formed in a form of a plurality of stages at different positions in the axial direction of the nozzle body, and the spray holes (and the spray areas from the spray holes) of each stage may overlap each other on the circumference in the radial direction of the nozzle body, and such a spray nozzle can uniformly spray the fluid in a hollow cone pattern.

[0071] Furthermore, when spray holes are formed at intervals in the axial direction of a nozzle body whose outer diameter increases in the downstream direction or a nozzle body (such as a cylindrical nozzle body) that extends with the same outer diameter, the circumferential side portions of the spray holes that are located at different axial positions of the nozzle body will overlap or overlap not only in the radial direction of the nozzle body but also when viewed in the axial direction of the nozzle body.

[0072] The central angle at which both sides (in other words, the central angle of the overlapping portion) of the spray holes adjacent in the axial direction of the nozzle body overlap in the radial direction of the nozzle body is not particularly limited as long as it is possible to form a hollow cone-shaped spray pattern, and may be, for example, about 2 to 60°, preferably 10 to 50° (e.g., 15 to 45°), and more preferably 20 to 40° (e.g., 25 to 35°).

[0073] Furthermore, the central axis (spray axis or spray axis) of the spray hole (injection port) may intersect at a right angle or at an oblique angle with the central axis of the flow path (such as a tapered flow path) as long as it is possible to spray or inject in a hollow cone shape; preferably, it may be directed in an oblique outward direction as it goes downstream (it may be possible to spray or inject in the oblique outward direction). For example, depending on the form of the hollow cone spray pattern, the angle θ2 of the spray axis of the spray hole with respect to the central axis of the flow path may be about 10 to 80° (e.g., 20 to 75°), preferably about 25 to 70° (e.g., 30 to 60°).

[0074] In particular, when both sides of the multiple spray holes adjacent in the axial direction (both sides of the arc-shaped spray hole) overlap in the radial direction of the nozzle body, and the upstream spray hole and the downstream spray hole adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the nozzle body are oriented in a direction that intersects or merges when viewed from the axial direction (the spray axis or spray angle intersects or merges when viewed from the axial direction), the spray areas from the multiple spray holes adjacent in the axial direction of the nozzle body overlap or connect in the circumferential direction, and the fluid can be sprayed or injected in a hollow cone shape with a uniform flow rate distribution. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the multiple spray holes adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the nozzle body are oriented in a direction that the spray areas from the multiple spray holes overlap or connect in the circumferential direction when viewed from the axial direction. In such a form, the spray fluid from the upstream spray hole and the spray fluid from the downstream spray hole can be circumferentially connected and merged in the downstream area (spray downstream area) in the diagonally outward direction of the nozzle body, and the spray fluid can be sprayed in a hollow cone shape.

[0075] Furthermore, if the spray axes of the upstream spray hole (injection port) and the downstream spray hole (injection port) intersect in the downstream area diagonally outward, and both circumferential side walls of the spray hole (injection port) have an opening configuration in which the spray hole expands in the circumferential direction and is inclined, the spray flow from the spray hole can be sprayed or injected further outward in the circumferential direction than the radial direction of the nozzle body, and the spray flows can be efficiently overlapped when viewed from the axial direction, forming a uniform hollow cone-shaped spray pattern.

[0076] The spray nozzle of the present invention can spray or inject a fluid into a hollow cone shape with a uniform flow rate distribution, and therefore can be applied to various fluids. Therefore, the present invention also includes a method for spraying or injecting a fluid into a hollow cone shape. In this method, a fluid is supplied to the spray nozzle, and the fluid is sprayed or injects into a hollow cone shape from the multiple spray holes. The type of fluid can be selected according to the application, and may be a gas such as air, an inert gas or rare gas, or an exhaust gas, or a liquid such as water, seawater, an organic solvent, a chemical solution, or an exhaust gas treatment liquid (gas absorbing liquid), and the liquid may be a viscous liquid having viscosity if necessary. A preferred fluid is a liquid, and may be water, seawater, an exhaust gas treatment liquid, or the like.

[0077] The pressure of the fluid may be selected from the range of, for example, about 0.01 to 10 MPa (e.g., 0.02 to 5 MPa) depending on the application, and may be about 0.03 to 1 MPa (e.g., 0.05 to 0.5 MPa), preferably about 0.07 to 0.4 MPa (e.g., 0.1 to 0.3 MPa).

[0078] The flow rate can be adjusted depending on the pressure of the fluid, the application, etc., and may be, for example, about 10 to 1000 L / min (e.g., 50 to 750 L / min), preferably about 100 to 700 L / min (e.g., 150 to 650 L / min), and more preferably about 200 to 600 L / min (e.g., 250 to 500 L / min).

[0079] In addition, the spray angle of the hollow cone-shaped spray pattern (the taper angle (apex angle) in the hollow cone-shaped spray pattern (hollow cone-shaped spray pattern)) can be selected depending on the application, and may be, for example, about 20 to 160° (e.g., 30 to 150°), preferably about 50 to 140° (e.g., 60 to 120°). EXAMPLES

[0080] The present invention will be described in more detail below based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0081] Example 1: Spray nozzle corresponding to Figs. 1 to 4 The spray nozzle shown in Figures 1 to 4 was used. This spray nozzle is equipped with a nozzle body 2 having a nozzle body 6 extending in a truncated cone shape in the downstream direction from an adapter portion 3, a first cylindrical flow path 5a having an inner diameter of 42 mm and an axial length of 30 mm, a cylindrical throttle flow path 4 having an inner diameter of 24 mm and an axial length of 5 mm, a second cylindrical flow path 5b having an inner diameter of 25 mm and an axial length (axial length to the upstream end of the tapered flow path 7) of 32 mm, and the inner diameter of the second cylindrical flow path gradually decreases from the second cylindrical flow path in the downstream direction, until the downstream end is The nozzle has a closed, approximately tapered flow passage 7 (axial length to the central axis of the most downstream spray hole is 22 mm), and two horizontally elongated spray holes (arc-shaped spray holes with a spray hole width of 8 mm at the center of the spray hole) are formed at two different axial positions (9.6 mm and 24 mm away from the tip) of the tapered flow passage 7, adjacent to each other at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, namely, an upstream spray hole 10 with a central angle θ3a = 111 ° and a downstream spray hole 11 with a central angle θ3b = 127 °. The minimum flow passage diameter of this spray nozzle is an opening width of 8 mm at the center of the spray hole in a direction perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the spray holes 10 and 11.

[0082] In addition, when the intersection angle of the straight line connecting the upstream end of the tapered flow passage 7 and the intersection point of the virtual inner wall along the inner wall and the central axis of the downstream spray hole 11 is defined as the taper angle θ1, the taper angle θ1 of the tapered flow passage 7 was approximately 26 °. The upstream spray hole 10 and the downstream spray hole 11 are formed by shifting each other by an angle of 90 ° in the circumferential direction, and in the radial direction of the nozzle body 2, both sides in the circumferential direction of the two upstream spray holes 10 (10a, 10b) overlap with both sides in the circumferential direction of the two downstream spray holes 11 (11a, 11b) (both sides of the upstream spray hole 10 and both sides of the downstream spray hole 11 overlap within an angle range of a central angle of 29 °). In addition, the sum of the central angles θ3 of each horizontally elongated spray hole was 476 °. The angle θ2a of the direction (spray axis) of the upstream spray hole 10 relative to the central axis of the cylindrical flow paths 5a, 5b is 45°, and the angle θ2b of the direction (spray axis) of the downstream spray hole 11 is 50°.

[0083] Comparative Example 1: Swirl Nozzle A swirl nozzle 41 shown in FIG. 6 was used. This swirl nozzle corresponds to the nozzle described in Patent Document 1. The nozzle body 42 of the swirl nozzle 41 includes a cylindrical exterior part 42a with a cylindrical inflow passage 43 (inner diameter 27 mmφ) extending radially from the side; and an interior part 42b that can be attached to the hollow part of the exterior part. This interior part is capable of communicating with the inflow passage 43 and includes a swirl chamber 44 (inner diameter 79 mmφ) that extends in a direction perpendicular to the inflow direction of the liquid from the inflow passage 43 (axial direction of the nozzle body), and a cylindrical outflow passage 45 (inner diameter 31 mmφ) that extends downstream from the spiral chamber. The upper wall of the spiral chamber 44 is formed in a conical shape, inclined toward the central axis of the nozzle as it proceeds upstream, and the lower wall of the spiral chamber 44 is formed in a conical shape, inclined toward the central axis of the nozzle as it proceeds downstream, and reaches the upper end of the outflow passage 45. The minimum flow passage diameter of this nozzle is the inner diameter of the inlet flow passage 43 of 27 mm.

[0084] In such a swirl nozzle 41, as liquid flows in from the inlet passage 43, an air core 45a is generated along the axis of the swirl chamber 44, and a swirling flow 45b of liquid is formed in the peripheral portion of the air core in the spiral chamber, and this swirling flow can be sprayed in a hollow cone shape from the outlet of the outlet passage 45.

[0085] Comparative Example 2: Spiral Nozzle The spiral nozzle 51 shown in FIG. 7 was used. That is, the nozzle body 52 of the spiral nozzle 51 includes an adapter portion 54 and a nozzle body portion 56 extending from the adapter portion in a downstream direction in a truncated cone shape, and the flow path of the nozzle body 52 includes a cylindrical flow path 55 with an inner diameter of 25 mmφ extending along the central axis from the adapter portion 54 to the upstream portion of the nozzle body portion 56, and an approximately tapered flow path 57 (taper angle θ1 = 40 to 42 °) extending downstream from the cylindrical flow path and closed at the downstream end. A nozzle was used in which a spiral spray hole 58 (a spiral spray hole extending in a spiral shape for about 1.5 revolutions with a width of 6 mm over an axial distance of 19.6 mm) was formed, with the starting point of the spray hole center being 30.2 mm from the tip of the truncated cone nozzle body portion 56, and rotating in a spiral shape (spiral shape) to reach the end point of the spray hole center at a position 10.6 mm from the tip. The minimum flow passage diameter of this spiral nozzle is the width of the spiral spray hole, which is 6 mm.

[0086] [Nozzle evaluation] Using these nozzles, water was sprayed downward at a specified pressure, and the water pressure, water volume, and uniformity of water volume distribution were evaluated. As shown in Figure 8, the water volume distribution was measured by arranging sampling volumes (measuring cylinders) 62 at a distance of 500 mm from the tip of the nozzle 61, with the tip of the nozzle as the center, at a central angle of 45° in eight radial directions at a pitch of 40 mm, and measuring the amount of water that accumulated in a certain period of time. The ratio (%) of the minimum water volume to the maximum water volume was also evaluated as the uniformity of water volume distribution.

[0087] The results are shown in Table 1. Moreover, the measurement results of the flow rate distribution in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 are shown in Figures 9, 10, and 11, respectively.

[0088] [Table 1]

[0089] As is clear from Table 1 and Figures 9 to 11, Example 1 was able to increase the amount of water even with the same water pressure, despite being smaller, compared to Comparative Example 1. Furthermore, Example 1 was able to improve the uniformity of water amount distribution from 46% to 73% compared to Comparative Example 1.

[0090] Furthermore, in Example 1, compared to Comparative Example 2, the minimum flow path diameter could be made larger, clogging could be prevented, and the uniformity of water distribution could be improved from 33% to 73%. [Industrial Applicability]

[0091] The spray nozzle (or hollow cone nozzle) of the present invention can be used for a wide range of applications, including, for example, a combustion nozzle for spraying fuel in boilers, gas turbines, engines, etc. for power generation, a humidification or cooling nozzle (a nozzle for humidifying and cooling gas, etc.), a dust prevention nozzle, a defoaming nozzle, a defrosting nozzle, a cleaning nozzle, a disinfection and sterilization or drug spraying nozzle, a coating nozzle for oil application, etc., a gas absorption nozzle (a gas absorbing liquid spray nozzle in an exhaust gas treatment device such as a flue gas desulfurization device), a spray drying nozzle for a spray dryer, etc. The spray nozzle of the present invention is suitable as a nozzle for uniformly treating an object to be treated, and the object to be treated may be a gas such as an exhaust gas, a powder or granular material, a plate, a molded body, or a member or unit to be treated. For example, in an exhaust gas treatment device such as a flue gas desulfurization device, it is useful for spraying or injecting a liquid (gas absorbing liquid) into a hollow cone shape onto an exhaust gas (object to be treated) containing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, etc., to remove harmful components from the exhaust gas (object to be treated). [Explanation of symbols]

[0092] 1,21...Spray nozzle 2…Nozzle body 4…Throttling channel 5a, 5b...Cylindrical flow path 7…Tapered flow channel 10,30…Upstream spray hole 11,31…Downstream spray holes

Claims

1. A spray nozzle comprising: a flow passage extending in the axial direction of a nozzle body and closed at a downstream end; and at least one spray hole extending in a circumferential direction and opening at different axial positions in a wall portion of the flow passage, the downstream spray hole and the upstream spray hole facing in directions intersecting each other when viewed from the axial direction.

2. 2. A spray nozzle according to claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional area of ​​the flow passage on a downstream side is smaller than a cross-sectional area of ​​the flow passage on an upstream side.

3. 3. A spray nozzle according to claim 2, wherein the flow passage extending in the axial direction of the nozzle body is provided with a tapered flow passage whose diameter narrows downstream and which terminates at a closed downstream end.

4. 4. The spray nozzle according to claim 3, wherein the taper angle θ1 of the tapered flow passage is 5 to 160°.

5. A spray nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an angle θ2 of the spray axis of the spray hole with respect to a central axis line of the flow path is 10 to 80°, and an angle difference between the angle of the spray axis of the downstream spray hole and the angle of the spray axis of the upstream spray hole is within 30°.

6. 4. The spray nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the flow path extending in the axial direction of the nozzle body comprises a cylindrical flow path extending in a downstream direction from an upstream part of the nozzle body, and a tapered flow path communicating with the cylindrical flow path and gradually decreasing in flow path diameter in the downstream direction until it reaches a closed downstream end, and at least one spray hole extending in a circumferential direction and opening is formed in a wall part of the tapered flow path at different axial positions, and the multiple spray holes adjacent in the axial direction are oriented in directions that intersect when viewed from the axial direction.

7. 4. The spray nozzle according to claim 1, wherein a total angle of central angles θ3 of the plurality of spray holes adjacent in the axial and circumferential directions is 240 to 800°.

8. 4. The spray nozzle according to claim 1, wherein both side portions of the plurality of spray holes adjacent in the axial direction overlap in the radial direction of the nozzle body.

9. 4. The spray nozzle according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of spray holes are formed at different axial positions and extending alternately in the circumferential direction, both side portions of a plurality of spray holes adjacent in the axial direction overlap in the radial direction of the nozzle body, and the plurality of spray holes adjacent in the axial direction are oriented in directions such that spray areas from the plurality of spray holes overlap or are connected in the circumferential direction when viewed from the axial direction.

10. 4. The spray nozzle according to claim 1, wherein two spray holes are formed extending in the circumferential direction at each of two different positions in the axial direction.

11. 4. The spray nozzle according to claim 1, wherein a throttle passage for narrowing a diameter of the passage is formed in the passage upstream of the tapered passage.

12. 12. The spray nozzle according to claim 11, wherein the throttle passage is formed by a core integral with an inner wall of the passage or by machining.

13. 4. The spray nozzle according to claim 1, for spraying or injecting a fluid in a hollow cone shape onto a workpiece.

14. A method for spraying or injecting a fluid into a hollow cone shape, comprising spraying or injecting the fluid from a plurality of spray holes of the spray nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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