Switch and on-load tap changer having the switch

Abstract

a first fixed contact 3 and a second fixed contact 4, a movable contactor 5 having a first attraction element 6, the movable contact 5 is movable from a first position 40 to a second position 41 by means of the first attraction element 6 and a second attraction element 31 arranged on the outside of the switch 1, - a changer 1 for an on-load tap changer 30 in which the movable contact 5 does not contact any of the fixed contacts 3, 4 or contacts only one of the fixed contacts 3, 4 in its first position 40, and contacts both fixed contacts 3, 4 in its second position 41.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a changer for an on-load tap changer. Furthermore, the invention relates to an on-load tap changer comprising a changer. [Background technology]

[0002] On-load tap changers are known from the prior art and generally comprise a load changer and a selector. To carry out the changeover under load, vacuum valves are generally used in maintenance-free load changer switches. In vacuum valves, the contacts wear out only slightly. This is beneficial in particular in the case of large interrupting currents. A fast recovery of the changeover path is beneficial in particular in the case of high recovery voltages. A disadvantage of vacuum valves is that the operating force required for their operation is highly dependent on the external pressure, which can be highly variable, in particular in the case of sealed transformers. Furthermore, vacuum valves are relatively expensive. In particular in the case of small load currents and tap voltages of the transformer, the beneficial properties of the vacuum valve are not necessary, while the disadvantages remain. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a changer for on-load tap changers which is of simple and compact design and which is particularly suitable for on-load tap changers for small load currents and tap voltages, and in which the force required to operate the changer is independent of external forces.

[0004] Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an on-load tap changer with a changer which is constructed compactly and at low cost. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The former object is achieved by a switch according to claim 1. Further advantageous features of the invention are then set out in the dependent claims.

[0006] The latter problem is solved by an on-load tap changer according to claim 6. Further advantageous features of the invention are then recited in the dependent claims.

[0007] According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising: a first fixed contact and a second fixed contact; - a movable contact having a first attracting element; and

[0008] in this case, the movable contact is movable from a first position to a second position by means of the first attraction element and a second attraction element arranged outside the switch, In its first position, the movable contact either does not contact any of these fixed contacts or contacts only one of these fixed contacts and in its second position, contacts both fixed contacts.

[0009] The switch of the invention is constructed very simply and compactly: as a result of the movable contact being able to be operated from the outside, without movable parts having to be moved outwards from the inside of the switch, the overall construction is very simply and well realisable.

[0010] In the case of a vacuum valve, the plunger for the moving contact must always be sealed by a bellows, which is expensive, fragile and can easily be damaged during assembly. A changer, on the other hand, is completely closed and therefore robust and impermeable. The force required for operating the changer does not depend on external pressure. The moving contact has a first suction element. It is moved by a second suction element outside the changer. Inside the changer, the second suction element is moved close to the first suction element. In this case, the moving contact inside the changer moves from a first position to a second position. In this case, the moving contact touches two fixed contacts in the second position and does not touch these fixed contacts or only touches one of these fixed contacts in the first position. Alternatively, the switch may be configured such that the movable contact touches two fixed contacts in a first position and does not touch these fixed contacts or only touches one of these fixed contacts in a second position, depending solely on whether the switch has to be configured as an opening or closing device when the second attraction element is moved close to the first attraction element.

[0011] The switching element can be configured as a simple or double circuit breaker. In a double circuit breaker, the moving contact does not contact any of the fixed contacts in the corresponding first position, and contacts two fixed contacts in the corresponding second position. In a simple circuit breaker, one moving contact is always in contact with one of the fixed contacts, or forms a unit with this fixed contact, or is configured integrally with one of the fixed contacts, so that in the corresponding first position the moving contact only contacts one of the fixed contacts, and in the second position the moving contact contacts two fixed contacts. The combination of the fixed contact and the moving contact is configured, for example, as a bendable contact tongue.

[0012] The attraction elements can be configured in any way. In particular, one of the plurality of attraction elements is always configured as a magnet or permanent magnet, while the other is made of a soft magnetic material. In this case, the first attraction element is a magnet and the second attraction element is made of a soft magnetic material, or the first attraction element is made of a soft magnetic material and the second attraction element is a magnet. Furthermore, both attraction elements may be configured as magnets or permanent magnets. This is advantageous when the movable contact has to be moved or operated very quickly or with great force. the first attraction element is fixed to the fixed contact, a first elastic element is arranged between the movable contact and the second housing part, It may be proposed that the first elastic element holds the movable contact in the first position.

[0013] The first elastic element can optionally be configured, for example, as a compression spring or tension spring, depending on whether the switching element is configured as an opening or closing device or whether, upon actuation of the switching element, the movable contact must or must not come into contact with the fixed contact. a first housing part is provided, the first housing part and the second housing part form a switch housing, the movable contact, the first attraction element and the first elastic element are arranged inside the switch housing, It may be provided that the first and second fixed contacts are arranged such that they extend outwardly from an interior of the switch housing.

[0014] The changer housing may be constructed in any way, for example it may have a first housing part and a second housing part or it may have a number of further housing parts, the first housing part and the second housing part being tightly joined to one another, for example by gluing, so that it is not possible to penetrate into the inside of the changer housing from the outside.

[0015] The fixed contact may be constructed in any manner, for example made of a conductive material. The fixed contact is connected to the switch housing, for example by locking or insert molding. The fixed contact may be constructed of one or more parts. the movable contact and the first attraction element are arranged on a support and form a unit, the support is movably supported within the switch housing, It may be proposed that the changer housing is used as a guide for the support when moving the movable contact from the first position to the second position.

[0016] The movable contact may be configured as desired, for example forming a unit together with the support and the first attraction element. When the movable contact moves, the support and the first attraction element move together. In other words, when the movable contact, the support or the first attraction element move, the other parts also move. For example, the support may have a contour or outer shape that corresponds to at least a part of the contour or inner shape of the changer housing. Thereby, at least a part of the changer housing is used as a guide when the movable contact or the support moves from the first position to the second position and / or from the second position to the first position. The movable contact may be elastically supported by a further spring in the support that forms a unit together with the first attraction element.

[0017] According to a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising: -An on-load tap-changing device is proposed having a switch including a load-changing switch rod having a second suction element.

[0018] In this case, the on-load tap changer is very simply constructed and uses a switching element with a first fixed contact, a second fixed contact and a movable contact with a first suction element. The switching element is operated by a second suction element, which is fixed to the load changer rod. A mechanical connection between the switching element and the load changer rod is omitted. As a result, the construction of the on-load tap changer is simplified and the anomalies caused by the operating mechanism are reduced. The changer is indirectly operated. The expensive and fragile vacuum valves, which are generally used in on-load tap changers, can be replaced by the changer. The whole on-load tap changer is therefore safer, less expensive and easier to assemble. Furthermore, the changer of the on-load tap changer is sealed by the insulating oil remaining in the tap transformer.

[0019] It may be proposed that the on-load tap changer comprises a first selector rod, a second selector rod and a gearbox, the gearbox being configured to move the load changer switch rod in the first direction and in a second direction opposite to the first direction during changing of the on-load tap changer, in order to move the switch by means of a second suction element. the first selector rod, the second selector rod and the load changeover switch rod are arranged collinearly; It may be proposed that, in order to operate the switches, the gearbox is configured to move the selector rods in a first direction from one selector contact to an adjacent selector contact during switching, and to move the load switching switch rod between the first direction and a second direction opposite to the first direction during switching.

[0020] The gearbox may be arbitrarily configured to have multiple drive gears and multiple driven gears, with the drive shaft moving the selector rod through the drive gears and the driven gears during shifting. - the gearbox includes a crank and a connecting rod; It may be proposed that a drive shaft moves the load changer rod with the second suction element via the crank and the connecting rod, so that the changer is indirectly operated by the first suction element during changing of the on-load tap changer. The load changeover switch rod has a jumper switch, It may be proposed that the gearbox is configured to operate this jumper switch during the changeover. It may be proposed that the gearbox is configured to move the first selector rod in a first direction during switching, then to move the load switching switch rod in the first and second directions, and then to move the second selector rod in the first direction. a gearbox moving the load change switch rod multiple times in the first direction and / or the second direction during changeover; It may be proposed that the load changeover switch rod is open or closed during the changeover of the switch. It can be proposed that the gearbox is configured as a Geneva gear.

[0021] It may be proposed that the on-load tap changer comprises a load changer, a selector and a gearbox. In this case, the load changer comprises the load changer rod, at least one, in particular three switches, three jumper switches and three current limiting resistors. The selector comprises a first selector rod and a second selector rod. The load changer and the selector are operated via a gearbox. All the components of the selector and the load changer are arranged between two substrates made of insulating material.

[0022] The present invention and its advantages will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0023] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a first front view of the switch of the present invention. [Diagram 2]FIG. 4 is another front view of the switch of the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 4 is another front view of the switch of the present invention. [Figure 4] 2 shows a first cross section of a switch according to the present invention. [Diagram 5] 4 shows a second cross section of a switch according to the present invention. [Figure 6] 1 shows an on-load tap changer of the present invention having at least one changer; [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a detailed front view of an on-load tap changer with a changer; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0024] FIG. 1 shows a changer 1 of the invention for an on-load tap-changing device 30. The changer 1 comprises a changer housing 2 having a first housing part 2.1 and a second housing part 2.2. Furthermore, the changer 1 comprises a first fixed contact 3 and a second fixed contact 4. Furthermore, a moving contact 5 is present in the interior 29 of the changer 1. The moving contact 5 is arranged or fixed on a support 8. Furthermore, a first attraction element 6 is installed on the support 8. The moving contact 5, the support 8 and the first attraction element 6 form a unit. When one of these components is moved, the other component moves with it. A first elastic element 7 and a second elastic element 9 are arranged between the support 8 and the second housing part 2.2. The elastic elements 7, 9 hold the moving contact 5 in an initial position 40. In this first position 40, the moving contact 5 does not contact any of the two fixed contacts 3, 4.

[0025] The second attraction element 31 is arranged on the load changer switch rod 32. The attraction element 31 and the load changer switch rod 32 are part of the on-load tap changer 30. In this case, the switcher 1, in particular the first attraction element 6, is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the load changer switch rod 32, i.e. the second attraction element 31. The load changer switch rod 32 is movably supported in the on-load tap changer 30. During operation of the on-load tap changer 30, in particular the load changer switch rod 32 is also moved so that the second attraction element 31 can be moved in the immediate vicinity of the first attraction element 6 and further away from this first attraction element 6. When the distance between the first attraction element 6 and the second attraction element 31 is sufficiently small and the attraction force exceeds a certain magnitude, the first attraction element 6 together with the movable contact 5 and the support 8 is moved in the direction of the second attraction element 31. In this case, the attractive force is large enough to act against the force of the elastic elements 7, 9. The movable contact 5 then assumes the second position 41 in the switching element 1.

[0026] In the second position, the movable contact 5 is in contact with both fixed contacts 3, 4. This allows current flow through the movable contact 5 and both fixed contacts 3, 4. If the load-switching switch rod 32 with the second attraction element 31 moves away from the switch 1, in particular from the first attraction element 6, the elastic elements 7, 9 move the movable contact 5 together with the support 8 and the first attraction element 6 from a given point to a new first position 40. This first position is indicated by a dashed line.

[0027] In the embodiment shown here, the load switching switch rod 32 is arranged below the switch 1. The load switching switch rod 32 performs a linear movement in a horizontal plane. When the second attraction element 32 is located directly below the first attraction element 6, as shown in FIG. 2, the movable contact 5 is moved downwards due to the attraction forces of both attraction elements 6, 32, and the movable contact 5 comes into contact with the fixed contacts 3, 4. When the load switching switch rod 32 is moved further horizontally in the switch 1 and the second attraction element 31 moves away from the switch 1, as shown in FIG. 3, the movable contact 3 is moved by the elastic elements 7, 9 into a first position 40, which is separated from the fixed contacts 3, 4. The second position is simultaneously indicated by a dashed line.

[0028] In the embodiment shown in Figs. 1-3, the first attraction element 6 and the second attraction element 31 are configured as magnets. Alternatively, only one of these attraction elements 6, 31 may be configured as a magnet. In this case, the other attraction element is configured as a soft magnetic element. In this case, it is not important whether the first attraction element 6 or the second attraction element 31 is configured as a magnet. If both attraction elements 6, 31 are configured as magnets, the attraction force between both attraction elements 6, 31 is very strong. This therefore affects the response time and the movement speed of the movable contact 5.

[0029] 4 and 5 show a preferred solution of the switch 1 of the invention. In this case, the support 8 is configured in such a way that the movable contact 5 and the first attraction element 6 are surrounded by this support 8. As a result, one unit is composed of the movable contact 5, the first attraction element 6 and the support 8. The movable contact 5 can be composed of one or several parts. The support 8 has a contour or an outer surface 14. The contour or outer surface 14 corresponds to the inside of the switch housing 2 so that a guide for the movement of the support 8 is formed. In other words, the housing 2 and the support 8 are movably and conformally connected. Furthermore, the support 8 has a first retaining element 11 and a second retaining element 12, which are used to fix or support the elastic elements 7, 9. An arc-extinguishing element 13 is arranged between the respective ends, in particular between the contacts of the movable contact 5 and the contacts of the fixed contacts 3, 4. The arc-extinguishing element 13 protects the contact surface between the moving contact 5 and the fixed contacts 3, 4 and thus the changer housing 2 against arcs which may occur from the inside. The changer housing 2 has a fixing web 15 by which the changer 1 is fixed in the on-load tap-changer 30, in particular to a plate. The fixed contacts 3, 4 may consist of one or more parts. In particular, the contacts between the moving contact 5 and the fixed contacts 3, 4 consist of a material which is in particular wear-resistant and flame-resistant.

[0030] FIG. 6 shows an on-load tap changer 30 with a selector 20 and a load changer switch 50. The on-load tap changer 30 is driven by a drive shaft 18 via a gearbox 19. In this case, the selector 20 has a first selector rod 21 and a second selector rod 25. The load changer switch 50 has a load changer switch rod 32. The illustrated embodiment of the on-load tap changer 30 is designed in a three-phase manner, so that the load changer switch 50 has one selector 1 for each phase. The drive shaft 18 moves the first selector rod 21 and the second selector rod 25 and the load changer switch rod 32 via the gearbox 19. The load changer switch 50 and the selector 20 are arranged on a substrate 17. Furthermore, a number of selector contacts 28 are arranged on the substrate 17. These selector contacts 28 are connected to a tap transformer, not shown here, in particular to the winding taps of a regulating winding of a substation transformer.

[0031] The gearbox 19 has a first and a second driving gear and a first and a second driven gear in the area of ​​the selector 20. Furthermore, the first and the second selector rods 21 and 25 have toothed areas on their sides facing the gearbox.

[0032] In FIG. 7, a drive shaft 18 is shown with a crank 53 and a connecting rod 54. A first end of the connecting rod 54 is mechanically connected to the crank 53, and a second end of the connecting rod 54 is mechanically connected to the load change switch rod 32. By rotating the drive shaft 18, the load change switch rod 32 is moved via the crank 53 and the connecting rod 54 during switching in a first direction and during switching in a second direction opposite to the first direction. It thus happens that when switching from one selector contact 28 to an adjacent one of the selector contacts 28, the selector rods 21, 25 are moved in the first direction and the load change switch rod 32 is moved in the first direction and in the second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0033] In other words, the first selector rod 21 and the second selector rod 25 are arranged parallel to one another in one plane, the first selector rod 21 and the load change switch rod 32 are arranged parallel to one another in one plane, and the second selector rod 25 and the load change switch rod 32 are arranged parallel to one another in one plane, which means they are collinear.

[0034] The selector rod 21 and the selector rod 25 are moved in a first direction at different times during switching, i.e., to the right or to the left, or to the up or down direction. On the other hand, the load changeover switch rod 32 is moved in a first direction and a second direction opposite to the first direction, i.e., to the right and to the left, or to the left and to the right, or to the up or down direction, or to the down or up direction.

[0035] However, the load switching switch rod 32 may be moved in the first direction or the second direction multiple times during switching, in which case the multiple direction changes are always performed consecutively.

[0036] The load switching switch rod 32 has a second attraction element 31 for operating the respective switch 1. In the embodiment described here, the load switching switch rod 32 has three attraction elements 31. The attraction elements 31 are used to operate the switch 1. When the load switching switch rod 32 with the second attraction element 31 reaches within the area of ​​action of the first attraction element 6, the movable contact 5 is moved to its second position 41 and the switch 1 is moved. Furthermore, the load switching switch rod 32 operates the jumper switch 56. This load switching switch rod 32 has a first contact 63 and a second contact 64. In this case, the contacts 63, 64 are mechanically connected to the load switching switch rod 32. [Explanation of symbols]

[0037] 1 Switch (switching element) 2 Switch housing 2.1 First housing part 2.2 Second housing part 3 First fixed contact 4 Second fixed contact 5 Movable contact 6 First suction element 7 First Elastic Element 8 Support part 9 Second Elastic Element 11 First holding element 12 Secondary Retaining Element 13 Arc-extinguishing elements 14 Outer surface / contour 15 Fixed Web 17 Substrate 18 Drive shaft 19 Gearbox 20 Selector 21 First Selector Rod 25 Second Selector Rod 28 Selector Contact Inside 29 2 30 On-load tap changer 31 Second suction element 32 Load changeover switch rod 40 1st position 41 2nd position (another position) 50 Load switching switch 53 Crank 54 Connecting rod 56 Jumper Switch 63 56 1st Contact 64 56 Second Contact

Claims

1. a first fixed contact (3) and a second fixed contact (4), - a movable contact (5) having a first attraction element (6), - said movable contact (5) is movable from a first position (40) to a second position (41) by means of said first attraction element (6) and a second attraction element (31) arranged outside said switch (1); - a changer (1) for said on-load tap-changing device (30), in which the movable contact (5) in its first position (40) does not contact any of these fixed contacts (3, 4) or contacts only one of these fixed contacts (3, 4) and in its second position (41) contacts both fixed contacts (3, 4).

2. A changer (1) for an on-load tap-changer (30) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the plurality of attraction elements (6, 31) is a magnet or a permanent magnet.

3. - said first attraction element (6) is fixed to said fixed contact (5), a first elastic element (7) is arranged between said movable contact (5) and the second housing part (2.2), A changer (1) for an on-load tap-changing device (30) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first elastic element (7) holds the movable contact (5) in the first position (40).

4. a first housing part (2.1) is provided, - said first housing part (2.1) and said second housing part (2.2) form a changer housing (2), - said movable contact (5), said first attraction element (6) and said first elastic element (7) are arranged inside said switch housing (2), A changer (1) for an on-load tap changing device (30) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first stationary contact (3) and the second stationary contact (4) are arranged such that they extend outwardly from an interior (29) of the changer housing (2).

5. - said movable contact (5) and said first attraction element (6) are arranged on a support (8) and constitute a unit, - the support (8) is movably mounted in the switch housing (2), A changer (1) for an on-load tap-changing device (30) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the changer housing (2) is used as a guide for the support (8) when moving the movable contact (5) from the first position (40) to the second position (41).

6. An on-load tap-changing device (30) comprising a changer (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which comprises a load-changing switch rod (32) having a second suction element (31).

7. a first selector rod (21) and a second selector rod (25) are provided, the first selector rod (21), the second selector rod (25) and the load changeover switch rod (32) are arranged collinearly, - a gearbox (19) is provided to operate the switch (1); - moving the selector rods (21, 25) in a first direction from one selector contact (28) to an adjacent one during switching; An on-load tap changer (30) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the gearbox (19) is configured to move the load change switch rod (32) in the first direction and in a second direction opposite the first direction during changeover.

8. - the gearbox (19) includes a crank (53) and a connecting rod (54); An on-load tap changer (30) according to any one of claims 6 to 7, wherein a drive shaft (18) moves the load changer switch rod (32) with the second attraction element (31) via the crank (53) and the connecting rod (54), so that the changer (1) is operated by the first attraction element (6) during switching of the on-load tap changer.

9. An on-load tap-changing device (30) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the gearbox (19) is configured to move the first selector rod (21) in a first direction during switching, thereafter to move the load change switch rod (32) in the first direction and in the second direction, and thereafter to move the second selector rod (25) in the first direction.

10. An on-load tap-changing device (30) according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the gearbox (19) is configured to move the load-changing switch rod (32) multiple times in the first direction and / or the second direction during switching.

11. An on-load tap changer (30) according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the load changer switch rod (32) opens or closes the changer (1) during switching of the on-load tap changer (30).

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