Novel yeast strains and their use for the control of plant pathogens - Patents.com

Abstract

The present invention relates to novel yeast strains for the control of major plant pathogens that are effective in preventing, suppressing, treating, or controlling a wide range of plant pathogens and associated diseases that affect the entire plant (both above-ground parts and the base of the above-ground stem).

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to novel yeast strains and their use for the control of plant pathogens. Importantly, the present invention relates to novel yeast strains for the control of major plant pathogens that are effective in the prevention, treatment and control of a broad range of plant pathogens and associated diseases that affect the entire plant (both above-ground and root). [Background technology]

[0002] It is well known that crop plants can be affected by a variety of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases, as well as a large number of harmful insects that can also act as vectors of plant pathogens.

[0003] Currently, plant protection is mainly based on the use of chemical pesticides. However, concerns about the emergence of resistance to chemical active ingredients in pathogen populations, as well as the impact of these chemicals on human and animal health and the environment, have necessitated the development of alternative plant protection approaches, such as biological and integrated control of plant diseases. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) consists of the combined use of both chemical and biological plant protection products and agronomic measures that are useful for controlling plant pathogens, i.e., do not encourage attack by pathogens. Biological control (i.e., biological control or biocontrol), on the other hand, relies heavily on the use of products formulated with microbial antagonists, plant-derived compounds, or semiochemicals, which are usually naturally occurring and pose low risks to human health and the environment. Over the past decades, the use of microorganisms for plant protection has given rise to many established products, mainly based on soil bacteria and fungi. These act mainly through mycoparasitism and the production of natural compounds, such as secondary metabolites, with antibiotic or antimicrobial activity. The use of microbial antagonists aims to increase the range of biocontrol preparations with low or no environmental impact, replacing or integrating chemical active ingredients where risk mitigation measures have been implemented to reduce the use of chemicals or to withdraw these chemicals from the market.

[0004] Some ascomycete and basidiomycete yeast isolates are of particular interest for various agricultural applications, such as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against plant pathogens. Epiphytic fungal microbiota are abundant in the aboveground parts of plant organs and are adapted to a wide range of environmental stresses. These natural characteristics make yeasts and yeast-like fungi excellent candidates for the development of plant protection products to control plant pathogens in the field and during storage. Several yeast species with antagonistic properties against various pathogens have been selected and characterized for commercial use as BCAs. Examples include Candida oleophila (Aspire®, Ecogen, Langhorne, PA, USA; Nexy®, Lesaffre-Bionext, France), Cryptococcus albidus (YieldPlus®, Lallemand, Montreal, Canada), Candida sake (Candifruit®, Catalonia Regional Institute of Agricultural Technology (IRTA), Lleida, Spain), Metschnikowia fructicola (Shemer®, Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany), and Aureobasidium pullulans (Boniprotect®, Biofa, Müsingen, Germany), the latter being a yeast-like fungus.

[0005] Commercial registration of a BCA-based product requires biological, ecological and toxicological studies to prove that the selected microorganisms are effective against plant pathogens and harmless to humans, animals and the environment.

[0006] However, the scope of activity of many biocontrol yeasts is too narrow, both in terms of target pathogens and cultures. In fact, most microbial-based preparations have a very limited scope of application and therefore need to be integrated with other active ingredients. In addition, the use of combinations of biocontrol microorganisms and synthetic chemical active ingredients is greatly limited by the limited ability of BCAs to exhibit resistance to chemical active ingredients. Thus, there are many technical limitations to the combinations of most microbial species and synthetic chemicals used as BCAs, further limiting the use of these products.

[0007] Considering this situation, it is clear that there is a need for new BCAs that will solve the above problems and provide an alternative to those currently on the market. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In this context, the present invention represents a potential solution since it consists of a new microbial formulation to be used as a biocontrol agent of major plant pathogens.

[0009] According to the present invention it has now been demonstrated that the yeast species Papiliotrema terrestris and its extracellular secreted substances can be advantageously used against plant pathogens.

[0010] In particular, the Applicant has now isolated a new yeast strain (PT22AV) belonging to the basidiomycete yeast species Papiliotrema terrestris, which has been filed for patent purposes on 26 October 2020 at the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (CBS), with AgroVentures srl as depositor, in accordance with the procedures laid down in the Budapest Treaty, with an identification reference of PT22AV provided by the depositor, together with the accession number CBS147138 provided by the International Patent Application Authority.

[0011] In accordance with the present invention, Table 1 shows the taxonomic classification of the PT22AV strain of Papiliotrema terrestris.

[0012] [Table 1]

[0013] The genus Papiliotrema (class Tremellomycetes, order Tremellales, family Rhynchogastremataceae) was first described in 2002 for the purpose of classifying the new microbial species Papiliotrema bandonii. In recent years, taxonomic reclassifications involving many species of basidiomycetous yeasts have resulted in many species being transferred from the genus Cryptococcus to the genus Papiliotrema. Currently, this new fungal genus contains about 24 species, many of which have been described as biological control agents, such as P. laurentii (formerly C. laurentii). Papiliotrema terrestris is a relatively new species, in fact, it was first described in 2015.

[0014] In particular, as shown in the examples reported below, the PT22AV strain of Papiliotrema terrestris isolated according to the invention showed better or comparable performance as a biocontrol agent compared to known chemical and biological products. In particular, fresh and dried or dehydrated PT22AV cells showed a reduction in disease incidence comparable to that obtained with synthetic chemical products when applied in biological or integrated protocols for seed coating at the nursery, field or post-harvest stage.

[0015] As shown below, the PT22AV strain of Papiliotrema terrestris according to the invention was tested against a wide range of biotrophic and necrotrophic fungal pathogens in the field and post-harvest in efficacy and selectivity assays carried out over a period of three years (2018, 2019 and 2020) on six crops in four EU countries. Different formulations based on the PT22AV strain were tested, which differed from each other in composition and concentration of yeast cells and were obtained through different approaches and techniques.

[0016] Based on the results obtained, the PT22AV strain of Papiliotrema terrestris according to the present invention: a) commercially available microbial preparations based on bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens), yeasts (e.g., Aureobasidium pullulans), and fungi (e.g., Trichoderma spp.), as well as b) It has proven to be a superior biological control agent against plant pathogens compared to many commercially established chemical plant protection products.

[0017] With regard to the comparison with bacterial and yeast-based formulations (point a), it has been demonstrated that the Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV according to the invention can be used at a much lower cell concentration with the same efficacy, resulting in a better performance. Overall, it has been demonstrated that the PT22AV strain according to the invention, used alone or in combination with other pesticides (fungicides, functional adjuvants, fertilizers, biostimulants, etc.), is much more effective than other commonly used microbial-based formulations (e.g. Bacillus spp.) in the control of phytopathogenic fungi (including mycotoxigenic fungi) and other plant pathogens, when applied both above-ground and at the roots, both in the field and after harvest. Furthermore, unlike the chemical formulations listed in (b) above, the strains of the present invention are safer for humans and the environment, do not pose the risk of selecting populations of resistant pathogens, act on a wider range of crops, diseases and phenological stages of plants, have better adaptability to environmental conditions, and can be better used in synergistic integration with various chemical or biological fungicides, functional adjuvants, and other pesticides.

[0018] On the other hand, with regard to the comparison with chemical products (point b), the strain according to the present invention showed equal or better performance compared to a wide range of chemical fungicides. Moreover, according to the present invention, Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV does not produce any toxic chemical residues, unlike chemical products. Also, the strain can be applied both pre- and post-harvest, does not cause the development of resistance in pathogen populations, is compatible with many pesticides when used in combination with pesticide products, and can be used in both organic agriculture and integrated pest management.

[0019] According to the present invention, the efficacy of the treatment based on the PT22AV strain was clearly demonstrated for both fresh and dehydrated cells.

[0020] According to the present invention, formulations containing the PT22AV strain are particularly advantageous because, when applied to crops, they actively protect plants, promote their growth, stimulate systemic resistance against pathogens, reduce the production and accumulation of mycotoxins, and mitigate the harmful effects of nematodes and other biotic and abiotic stress factors. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the PT22AV strain of Papiliotrema terrestris has high activity in the prevention, inhibition and control of a wide range of diseases / pathogens affecting the entire plant (aerial parts and roots), with potential applications in the field, post-harvest, soil and seed coating. In particular, the PT22AV strain according to the invention can be advantageously used for root and seed treatment, as well as for the entire above-ground part of the plant (including flowers and fruits), and can be applied alone or in synergistic combination with other agricultural products, in particular pesticides (acaricides, fungicides, fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, algicides, molluscicides, nematicides, rodenticides, plant growth regulators, repellents, semiochemicals, virucides), biological pesticides, functional adjuvants and other pesticides (additives, fertilizers, biostimulants).

[0021] Thus, according to the present invention, Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV can be advantageously used against a broad range of pathogens in different types of crops compared to other known biocontrol yeasts and is resistant to synthetic chemical active ingredients, which allows it to be effectively used in combination with these chemicals, as shown in the examples below.

[0022] In particular, the PT22AV strain of Papiliotrema terrestris according to the present invention can be advantageously used as a biological control agent (BCA) for managing plant pathogens in both organic agriculture and integrated disease management (IDM).

[0023] Moreover, according to the present invention, it was found that the PT22AV strain has a very active secondary metabolism and secretes a series of secondary metabolites into the extracellular environment. Among these, extracellular polymers are particularly important, a complex group of substances mainly composed of polysaccharides. It has been observed that the composition and production of these polymers is very complex and is regulated by several factors such as the composition of the growth medium during biomass production, pH, temperature, oxygenation, etc. According to the present invention, it was found that the extracellular polymers produced by the Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV strain are mainly composed of carbohydrates (50-90%). The most representative monomers are mannose, xylose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. The structure of these polymers is very similar to starch and glycogen and is in fact organized in a backbone consisting of monomer units linked via α-(1→3) bonds and branches fixed via β-(1→2) bonds. These compounds are mainly produced under nutritional stress conditions and under any conditions that limit cell growth. These polymers are active in stimulating plant metabolism, inducing resistance to pathogens, improving the chemical, physical and biological properties of soils, promoting wound healing in plants and, when applied above ground, constituting a physical barrier to the penetration of pathogens.

[0024] Therefore, according to the present invention, the above-mentioned extracellular substances produced by the PT22AV yeast strain can be advantageously used against plant pathogens.

[0025] Scientific papers on molecular taxonomy highlight the high genetic uniformity within the species Papiliotrema terrestris, which indicates that in this species the rate of genetic recombination associated with sexual reproduction is low and asexual reproduction dominates, ensuring genetic and phenotypic stability and therefore a constant high performance over time in the field and in other applications.

[0026] So far, there have been no technical and / or scientific publications documenting evidence of both biocontrol and biostimulatory activity of the species Papiliotrema terrestris at pre-harvest stages, such as above-ground or open fields, soil applications, seeds, and above-ground parts of the plant. Thus, according to the present invention, for the first time, the biostimulatory activity of the yeast species Papiliotrema terrestris, in particular the strain PT22AV, at pre-harvest stages is shown (see Example 5).

[0027] Moreover, according to the present invention, the biocontrol activity of the yeast species Papiliotrema terrestris, in particular the strain PT22AV, is shown for the first time at the pre-harvest stage. According to the international scientific literature, the only reported biocontrol activity of the species Papiliotrema terrestris is for the strain LS28 (previously classified as Cryptococcus laurentii), which was not applied in the open field but only on the harvested product (post-harvest) against post-harvest fungal pathogens. Nevertheless, as compared by the applicant, the biocontrol activity of the strain PT22AV is significantly higher than that of LS28. As shown in the comparative experimental data reported below (see Example 6), the efficacy of PT22AV is significantly higher than that of LS28. Furthermore, PT22AV showed a significantly better ability to resist a wide range of abiotic stresses by PT22AV compared to LS28.

[0028] According to the present invention, the PT22AV strain is safe for humans and the environment, its production process has no impact on the environment and meets the principles of green economy and circular economy, and its production by-products can be used as soil organic conditioners and food industry by-products such as molasses used in fermentation processes. The efficacy, selectivity, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties of formulations based on the PT22AV strain have been extensively tested under GAP-GLP conditions (required by current legislation for the European registration of microbicides).

[0029] As far as human toxicology is concerned, Papiliotrema terrestris is a naturally occurring non-pathogenic yeast species. In this regard, Ke et al. (2018) reported that 2.4 × 10 8 Intravenous (IV) administration of CFU and 1.3 × 10 9 reported that Papiliotrema terrestris showed no pathogenicity in Sprague-Dawley rats after oral administration of CFU. Genotoxicity results of the galactosidase enzyme concentrate were negative in both bacterial reverse mutation tests (Ames tests) and chromosomal aberration tests in cultured Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CHL / IU). In a 13-week gavage study in Sprague-Dawley rats, no adverse effects were observed in any of the test groups, and a No Observed Adverse Effects Level (NOAEL) was established at 2000 mg / kg bw / day (total organic solids (TOS): 1800 mg / kg bw / day), which was the highest dose tested. Allergenicity sequence analysis showed no evidence that the galactosidase enzyme is an allergen. The data presented in this study support the conclusion that the galactosidase produced by Papiliotrema terrestris is safe for use in food production. The applicant has performed additional toxicological studies (data not shown) which confirm that the PT22AV strain according to the present invention has a favorable toxicological profile based on values ​​obtained from oral, pulmonary, intraperitoneal, skin, eye irritation and other relevant toxicity tests.

[0030] With regard to environmental toxicology, the applicant has carried out various studies required for commercial registration procedures in Europe and the United States (data not shown) and has confirmed that formulations based on the PT22AV strain are safe for the environment, including the evaluation of non-target arthropods such as birds, mammals, honeybees, predatory mites, soil organisms such as earthworms, aquatic organisms such as fish, Daphnia, and algae, as well as other non-target organisms for which selectivity studies are mandated by European and US regulatory authorities.

[0031] According to the present invention, Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV can be effectively used as a broad-spectrum fungicide (for both crop plants and plant pathogens) in integrated pest management programs as well as in organic agriculture.

[0032] Moreover, the ability of the PT22AV strain to rapidly colonize plant surfaces, natural openings, and wounds gives it the advantage of being able to effectively combat phytopathogenic bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas spp., Xanthomonas spp., Clavibacter spp., Ralstonia spp., and Erwinia spp.) that invade the host through these openings. Notably, the PT22AV strain produces large amounts of polysaccharides in the extracellular environment during growth both in vitro and in vivo. This highly complex matrix protects the strain from abiotic stressors, improves adhesion to surfaces, induces systemic resistance in plants, and enhances resistance to a wide range of pathogens, including viruses.

[0033] The Papiliotrema terrestris species according to the invention, in particular the PT22AV strain, can also be advantageously applied to soils, in particular for the improvement of the soil structure itself and for nematode control. Indeed, the application of the PT22AV strain to soils results in a series of beneficial effects, such as a positive action on the soil and rhizosphere microbiome. The polysaccharide matrix promotes the formation of aggregates, thereby improving the soil structure and providing a nutrient source for useful bacteria, microfauna and predatory protists, contributing to ecological biogeochemical processes essential for the preservation of the soil ecosystem. Furthermore, formulations containing the PT22AV strain according to the invention are particularly advantageous when applied to crops, since they actively protect the plants, promoting their growth and resistance to biotic stress factors such as damage caused by nematodes. In particular, the application of the PT22AV strain as a root treatment is particularly effective in limiting the harmful effects of nematodes, while also partially reducing their proliferation, as shown by measurements of plant height (see Example 7). Possible nematode species include Meloidogyne spp., Heterodera spp., Globodera spp., Belonolaimus spp., Pratylenchus spp., Rotylenchulus spp., Trichodorus spp., Paratylenchus spp., etc.

[0034] The PT22AV strain is effective over a broad range of concentrations by improving whole plant health.

[0035] The mechanism underlying the antagonistic action of the PT22AV strain according to the invention advantageously allows its application to a wide range of host plants and pathogens (fungi, bacteria and viruses), with a high flexibility in its application, both in terms of time (all seasonal phases) and the organs treated (seeds, roots, above-ground leaf parts, flowers, fruits). Moreover, its ability to adapt to very heterogeneous environmental conditions (humidity, temperature, UV radiation, etc.) allows its application in various climatic regions.

[0036] The basis of the effectiveness of the PT22AV strain in controlling plant diseases is its ability to survive and persist for long periods on the surface or wounded tissue of the plant. In particular, its resistance to environmental stresses such as dehydration, oxidative stress, ultraviolet light, and osmotic stress, as well as resistance to fungicides, allows the PT22AV strain to adapt to the application environment.

[0037] According to the present invention, the protection of plants against many fungal pathogens exerted by Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV is mainly preventive. In particular, the application of live cells of this strain prevents the establishment of the infection process at the initial stages of plant-pathogen interaction (e.g. conidial germination, germ tube elongation, colonization of the infection site). Moreover, biodefense is the result of several mechanisms, with different associations, that regulate the interaction both with pathogens and with other microorganisms inhabiting the same ecological niche.

[0038] The mechanisms of action characterizing the biocontrol activity of the PT22AV yeast strain according to the invention are listed below.

[0039] - Wounding capacity: for most necrotrophic fungi, wounded plant tissue represents the main entry site for establishing the infection process. As already widely described in the literature, plant tissue responds to a wide range of stresses by triggering processes of an oxidative nature. Among these, wounded plant tissue triggers a strong oxidative reaction, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (mainly superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide) and other oxidants. Studies carried out by the applicant have shown that the biocontrol agent PT22AV is able to inhibit the reactive oxygen species (ROS: superoxide anion O2) generated by plant tissue as a result of wounding, and to inhibit the production of other oxidizing substances. -The present study demonstrates how PT22AV effectively colonizes wounded tissues by resisting oxidative stress generated by oxidative stress (oxidative stress and hydrogen peroxide H2O2). The selected yeast strain according to the present invention is resistant to oxidative stressors via two enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase). Resistance to oxidative stress can be considered as the first mechanism realized by PT22AV against postharvest wound pathogens. In particular, the applicant demonstrated the strong ability of the PT22AV strain to resist oxidative phenomena by evaluating the population dynamics in artificial wounding of apples, thereby showing how this microorganism can effectively colonize this environment. The strain population was evaluated by plating yeast samples taken from wounded tissue inoculated with the PT22AV strain on nutrient agar medium. This analysis showed that the PT22AV strain colonizes wounds very quickly, doubling its concentration within 6 hours of inoculation. Furthermore, the applicant further studied the strain resistance to oxidative stress by evaluating the growth of the microorganism in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. For this purpose, increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were added to NYDA agar plates, which were then inoculated with a suspension of PT22AV cells. The analysis showed that the microorganism effectively tolerated hydrogen peroxide concentrations up to 30 mM, thus allowing it to withstand much higher levels of oxidative stress than those caused by damage to plant tissue.

[0040] - Competition for space and nutrients: PT22AV functions by efficiently competing with fungal pathogens for space and nutrients. Papiliotrema terrestris isolates effectively inhibit the development of the pathogen at the early growth stages by preventing the infection process. In vivo experiments performed by the applicant highlighted how the addition of exogenous nutrients to artificial wounds dramatically reduces the biocontrol effect of the yeast. Moreover, in spatial competition, the PT22AV yeast strain is aided by the formation of an exopolysaccharide capsule that can promote adhesion to the fruit surface, preventing contact between the host fruit and the pathogen (Figure 2). Thus, competition for space and nutrients is a key mechanism of Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV in antagonism against necrotrophic fungi, closely linked to oxidative stress resistance and thus to the ability to colonize plant tissues. Effective and timely spatial competition is a key property of PT22AV, making it effective against all diseases and plant cultivations (i.e. conferring a broad range of biocontrol activity to this yeast). More specifically, the effective competition of PT22AV for space (and therefore nutrients) is a highly complex phenotypic trait that depends on many genes. This allows this biocontrol agent (BCA) to act similarly to multisite fungicides, but with a broader mode of action and involving a greater number of genes. As with these fungicides, in fact, in the case of PT22AV, competition makes the selection of pathogen populations resistant to this biocontrol agent (BCA) highly unlikely, if not impossible.

[0041] - β-1,3-glucanase activity: In addition to competition for space and nutrients, Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV can directly interact with fungal pathogens through cell wall degradation via the production of extracellular β-1,3-glucanase enzymes. In vitro studies carried out by the applicant have shown that Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV is able to produce significantly higher levels of extracellular β-1,3-glucanase when cultivated in the presence of mycelial cell walls of the pathogens P. expansum and B. cinerea as the sole carbon source. This mechanism is considered to be of the second level in terms of relevance compared to the previously mentioned mechanisms.

[0042] - No antibiotics: Metabolomic studies carried out by the applicant have shown that, unlike other microorganisms active against plant pathogens and registered as active ingredients in microbial-based preparations (especially bacteria), Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV does not produce molecules with antifungal activity. Under experimental conditions, antibiotic activity does not seem to be involved in the antagonist activity exerted by the PT22AV strain, thus ruling out the possibility of fungal pathogens developing resistance. This makes PT22AV a much safer and more sustainable BCA than bacterial-based preparations, which currently outnumber other microbial species (fungi and yeasts).

[0043] - Induction of resistance in plants: Plants have an innate "immune system" that recognizes and responds to pathogens (fungi, bacteria, and viruses). This plant "immune response" is triggered by various beneficial microorganisms that induce resistance locally and systemically. Biocontrol yeasts can induce systemic resistance in plants against a wide range of pathogens, and this action is potentially included in their biocontrol activity. Induction of resistance can be triggered by microbial cells or their parts, as well as molecules secreted into the extracellular environment after recognition by the plant. Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV produces many extracellular substances that can trigger a systemic defense response in the host plant, thereby improving resistance against pathogens. This extracellular substance production activity is unparalleled against other commercially available biocontrol microorganisms.

[0044] - Adhesion to plant surfaces: During biomass production and after application in the field, the PT22AV strain produces a polysaccharide-rich matrix that allows yeast cells to adhere to solid surfaces. This extracellular matrix promotes the adhesion of PT22AV to plants and wounded tissues, improves resistance to wash-off by rain, and minimizes the negative effects of biotic and abiotic stress factors. This activity is much higher than that of other BCAs available commercially or described in the literature.

[0045] A specific object of the present invention is therefore a yeast strain belonging to the species Papiliotrema terrestris, deposited at the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute under the accession number CBS147138, said strain (hereinafter also referred to as strain PT22AV).

[0046] According to the invention, the yeast strain may be in a form selected from fresh cells, dried cells, dehydrated cells, devitalized cells, inactivated cells, frozen cells, and cells in aqueous suspension, containing derivatives of the cellular biomass production process (mainly exopolysaccharides).

[0047] The present invention also relates to a phytosanitary composition for agricultural use, in particular for controlling phytopathogens in plants or crops, said composition comprising as active ingredient the PT22av yeast strain of the species Papiliotrema terrestris as described above, together with one or more phytopharmacologically acceptable formulation excipients or functional adjuvants.

[0048] According to the invention, the composition may be in liquid or solid form.

[0049] Further, according to the present invention, the concentration of said yeast strain in said composition is 10 per gram of solid composition. 3 CFU~10 13 CFU or 10 per mL of liquid composition2 CFU~10 12 It may be in the range of CFU. 7 Solid and liquid formulations with higher CFU / g or CFU / mL concentrations are primarily suitable for foliar and post-harvest applications, but 7 Formulations at concentrations lower than CFU / g or CFU / mL may be used for soil treatment, enrichment of compost or other substrates for sowing, transplanting or growing plants, and for coating seeds.

[0050] The concentration of active ingredient in the formulations according to certain embodiments of the invention is expressed as colony forming units (CFU) per gram or per mL. Quantification may also be performed by other techniques such as real-time PCR, flow cytometry, etc.

[0051] The concentration of PT22AV in the solution for drip fertilization or hydroponic cultivation is 10 per mL of solution. 2 ~10 12 In a distribution system involving the use of pollinating insects, the concentration of yeast in the tray dispenser may be in the range of 10 2 ~10 12 It may be in the range of CFU.

[0052] The compositions according to the invention may be in the form of tablets, capsules, granules, pellets, powders such as dry powders or wettable powders, wettable granules, liquids, dry fluids, emulsions, suspensions, solutions or dispersions.

[0053] In particular, the compositions according to the invention may be in the following forms: aerosol (A); bait for dispersal by pollinators (B); dust (D); dry flowable (DF); emulsifiable concentrate (E); emulsifiable concentrate (EC); flowable (FL); granules (G); microcapsules (M); pellets (P); water-soluble (SP); wettable powder (WP); water-dispersible granules (WG / WDG).

[0054] More specifically, the compositions may be in the following forms: grain bait (AB); concentrated bait (CB); capsule suspension for seed treatment (CF); encapsulated granules (CG); capsule suspension (CS); dispersible concentrate (DC); dispersible powder (DP); powder for dry seed treatment (DS); concentrated emulsifiable concentrate (EC); water-in-oil emulsion (EO); emulsion for seed treatment (ES); oil-in-water emulsion (EW); fine granules (FG); flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS); granular bait (GB); fine particles (GG); flow dust (GP); granules (GR); solution for seed treatment (LS); ma Microemulsions (ME);Microgranules (MG);Oil dispersions (OD);Oil miscible flowable concentrates (OF);Oil miscible liquids (OL);Oil dispersible powders (OP);Pastes (PA);Pesticide coated seeds (PS);Suspension concentrates (SC);Suspoemulsions (SE);Water soluble granules (SG);Soluble concentrates (SL);Water soluble powders (SP);Water soluble powders for seed treatment (SS);Super low volume suspensions (SU);Tablets (TB);Technical bulk solids (TC);Technical concentrates (TK);Wettable granules (WG / WDG);Wettable powder powders (WP);Wettable powder slurry for seed treatment (WS). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0055] According to the present invention, the composition may further comprise one or more chemical compounds (e.g., synthetic chemical compounds) and / or one or more biological agents (e.g., microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi, viruses, and algae). The one or more chemical compounds and / or one or more biological agents are selected from fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, biostimulants (e.g., humic and fulvic acids, protein hydrolysates, seaweed and plant extracts, chitosan and other biopolymers, inorganic compounds, and beneficial microorganisms), macronutrients (e.g., (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)), micronutrients, elicitors, plant regulators, microbial biocontrol agents, plant growth regulators, foliar nutrients, antibiotics, herbicides, acaricides, food additives (e.g., all compounds falling within the following categories: antioxidants, colorants, preservatives, and flour treatment agents), functional adjuvants (e.g., emulsifiers, wetting agents, dispersants, antifoaming agents, chelating agents, neutralizing agents, and solvents), and agricultural food related microorganisms.

[0056] According to the invention, formulation excipients which may be used in the composition are, for example, co-formulants based on minerals (mineral powders) or organic substances (monosaccharides, complex sugars or cyclic sugars), dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, stabilizers, synergists and tonics.

[0057] The composition further comprising one or more chemical compounds and / or one or more biological agents and / or one or more co-formulants may be a tank mix or a co-formulation. especially, The foliar nutrients may be selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, and magnesium. The micronutrients may be selected from iron, boron, chlorine, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, and nickel. The insecticides may be selected from inorganic compounds, oils, plant extracts, organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, neonicotinoids, avermectins, organosulfurs, organotins, and synthetic pyrethroids. The elicitor may be selected from chemically synthesized elicitors such as salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, benzothiadiazole, benzoic acid, and chitosan, or plant extract elicitors such as tannins, citrus oils, bioflavonoids (e.g., dihydroquercetin), polysaccharics, arabinogalactans, polysaccharides, and other plant extracts. The plant growth regulator may be selected from (in the international nomenclature system) auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid, ancymidol, chlormequat, chloro IPC, daminozide, flurprimidol, hydrogen cyanamide, cyanamide (H2CN2), mefluidide, mepiquat chloride, paclobutrazol, prohexadione calcium salt, succinic acid (SADH), and forchlorfenuron.

[0058] According to one embodiment of the invention, the composition is a fungicidal composition, i.e. the fungicidal action is performed by the particular strain and / or by a further fungicide added to the composition.

[0059] According to the present invention, the fungicide may belong, for example, to the following chemical groups: strobilurins, benzimidazoles, sterol inhibitors, dicarboxamides, dithiocarbamates, inorganic fungicides, phenylpyrroles, or combinations thereof, and others.

[0060] In particular, said fungicides (chemical and / or biological) may be (according to the international nomenclature) 2-methoxyethylmercuric chloride, 2-phenylphenol, 3-ethoxypropylmercuric bromide, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, 8-phenylmercuryoxyquinoline, acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, acyl amino acid fungicides, acypetacs, Adavelt, Agrobacterium radiobacter K84, aldimorph ), allyl alcohol, amethoctradin, aminopyrifen, amisulbrom, ampropylfos, anilazine, aureofungin, azaconazole, azithiram, azoxystrobin, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amyloliquefaciens (formerly Bacillus subtilis) strain QST713, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains AH2, IT-45, FZB24, MBI600, and D747, Bacillus mycoides isolate J, Bacillus nakamurai strain F727, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, Bacillussubtilis strains AFS032321, GB03, and IAB / BS03, barium polysulfide, benalaxyl-M (=kiralaxyl), benodanil, benomyl, benquinox, bentaluron, benthiavalicarb, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, benzalkonium chloride, chloride, benzamacril, benzamide fungicides, benzamorf, benzohydroxamic acid, benzovindiflupyr, bethoxazin, binapacryl, biphenyl, bitertanol, bithionol, bixafen, blasticidin-S, Bordeaux mixture, boric acid, boscalid, bromoconazole, bupirimate, Burgundy mixture, buthiobate, calcium polysulfide polysulfide, captafol, captan, carbamorph, carbendazim, carboxin, carpropamid, carvone, cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS117, Cheshunt mixturemixture), chinomethionat, chlobenthiazone, chloraniformethan, chloranil, chlorfenazole, chlorodinitronaphthalene, chloroneb, chloropicrin, chlorothalonil, chlorquinox, chlozolinate, ciclopirox, climbazole, Clonostachys rosea CR-7 strain, Coniothyrium minitans minitans), copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper soap, basic copper sulfate, copper zinc chromate, copper acetate, basic copper carbonate, copper sulfate, coumoxystrobin, cufraneb, cuprobam, cuprous oxideoxide), cyazofamid, cyclafuramid, cyclobutrifluram, cycloheximide, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cypendazole, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, dazomet, DBCP, debacarb, decafentin afentin, dehydroacetic acid, dichlobentiazox, dichlofluanid, diclone, dichlorophen, dichlorophenyl, dichlozoline, diclobutrazol, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, diethyl pyrocarbonatepyrocarbonate, difenoconazole, diflumetorim, dimethachlone, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinobuton, dinocap, dinocap-4, dinocap-6, dinocton, dinopenton, dinosulfon, dinoterbone, diphenylamine, dipymetrone, itrone, dipyrithione, disulfiram, ditalimfos, dithianon, DNOC, dodemorph, dodicin, dodine, donatodine, drazoxolon, edifenphos, enestrobin, enestroburin, enoxastrobin, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, etem, ethaboxam, ethirimol, ethoxyquin, ethylene oxide ethylmercury oxide, ethylmercury 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercaptide, ethylmercury acetate, ethylmercury bromide, ethylmercury chloride, ethylmercury phosphatephosphate, etridiazole, extract of Melaleuca alternifolia, extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis (big knotweed), extract of cotyledons of lupine plantlets ("BLAD"), extract of Swinglea glutinosa, F500, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenaminosulf, fenaminstrobin, fenamistrobin, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenazaquin, fenbuconazole, fenfu fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenitropan, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fenpicoxamid, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fentin, fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxidehydroxide), ferbam, ferimzone, florylpicoxamid, fluazaindolizine, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flufenoxystrobin, fluindapyr, flumorph, fluopicolide, fluopimomide, fluopyram, fluoroimide, fluotrimazole, fluoxapiprolin, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole conazole, flurozolamide, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, folpet, fosetyl, fosetyl-Al, phthalide / phthalide, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, furcarbanil, furfural, furmecyclox, furophanate, Gliocladium catechuate Gliocladium catenulatum J1446, Gliocladium virens GL-21, glyodin, griseofulvin, guazatine, halacrinate, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorophene, hexaconazole, hexylthiofos, hymexazol, imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine minoctadine, Inatreq (fenpicoxamid), mineral oil, inpyrfluxam, iodocarb, ipconazole, ipflufenoquin, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, isofetamide, isofleucine, isopropanol azole azole, isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, isotianil, isovaledione, Jun Si Qi, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, laminarin, lime sulfur / limesulphur, mancopper, mancozeb, mandestrobin, mandipropamid, maneb, mebenil, mecarbinzid, mefenoxam, mefentrifluconazole, mepanipyrim, me Pronil, meptyldinocap, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (= mefenoxam), metam, metazoxolone, metconazole, methasulfocarb, metfuroxam, methyl bromide, methyl isothiocyanate, methylmercury(II) benzoate, methylmercury dicyandiamide, methylmercury pentachlorophenoxidepentachlorophenoxide, metiram, metominostrobin, metrafenone, metsulfovax, methyltetraprole, milneb, myclobutanil, myclozolin, N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulfonanilide, nabam, naftifine, natamycin, neem oil, nitrothal-isopropyl, nuarimol, octhilinone, ofurace, organic oil, orthophenylphenol phenol), orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxathiapiprolin, oxazosulfyl, oxine copper, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, oxytetracycline, PCNB, pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, penflufen, pentachlorophenol, penthiopyrad, phenamacril, phenylmercuriurea, phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury chloride, phenylmercury nitratenitrate, phosdiphen, phosphite, phosphorous acid and its salts, phosphorous acid, phthalide, picarbutrazox, picolinamides, picoxystrobin, piperalin, vegetable oils (mixture): eugenol, geraniol, thymol, polycarbamate, polyoxin-D, potassium azide, potassium bicarbonate, potassium polysulfide, potassium thiocyanate thiocyanate, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propiconazole, propineb, proquinazid, prothiocarb, prothioconazole, Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009, Pseudomonas syringaesyringae ESC-10, pydiflumetofen, pyracarbolid, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrapropoyne, pyraziflumid, pyrazophos, pyribencarb, pyributicarb, pyridaclomethyl, pyridinitril, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil yrimethanil, pyrimorph, pyriophenone, pyrisoxazole, pyroquilon, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur, quinacetol, quinazamid, quinconazole, quinofumelin, quinomethionate, quinoxyfen, quintozene, rabenzazole, Reynoutria saccharinensis sachalinensis, salicylanilide, sec-butylamine, sedaxane, sesame oil, silthiofam, silver, simeconazole, SJC17, sodium azide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium orthophenylphenoxide, sodium pentachlorophenoxide, sodium polysulfide, spiroxamine, Streptomyces griseoviridisgriseovirides strain K61, Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108, streptomycin, sulfur, sulfuryl fluoride, sultropen, tea tree oil, tebuconazole, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tecoram, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thiadifluor, thicyofen, thifluzamide, thiochlorfenfim hiochlorfenphim, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thioquinox, thiram, THQ25, tiadinil, tioxymid, tolclofos-methyl, tolfenpyrad, tolprocarb, tolylfluanid, tolylmercury acetate acetate), triadimefon, triadimenol, triamiphos, triarimol, triazbutil, triazoxide, trichlamide, Trichoderma afroharzianum (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) T-22 strain, Trichoderma asperellum (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) ICC012 strain, T25 strain, TV1 strain, Trichoderma asperellumasperellum T34 strain, Trichoderma atrobrunneum (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) ITEM908 strain, Trichoderma atroviride (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) IMI206040 strain, T11 strain, Trichoderma atroviride I-1237 strain, Trichoderma atroviride ichoderma atroviride LU132 strain, Trichoderma atroviride SC1 strain, Trichoderma gamsii (formerly Trichoderma viride) ICC080 strain, triclopyricarb, tricyclazole, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, UCQ09, Ulocladium oudemansi oudemansii U3 strain, uniconazole-P, urea, validamycin, valifenalate, vinclozolin, voriconazole, WLR08, zarilamid, zinc naphthenate, zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram, and zoxamide, and preferably azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin. (trifloxystrobin), benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole, tebuconazole, imazalil, penconazole, procymidone, vinclozolin, mancozeb, ziram, copper oxychloride, sulfur, fludioxonil, and / or iprovalicarb.

[0061] The phytosanitary composition according to the invention can be prepared according to various processes known to the person skilled in the art, for example by a method selected from spray drying, extrusion, fluid bed granulation with dehydration, freeze drying, emulsification processes and suspension in admixture with one or more of the aforementioned chemical compounds and / or biological agents and / or one or more co-formulants.

[0062] a) the above-mentioned PT22AV yeast strain of the species Papiliotrema terrestris, or the above-mentioned composition, and b) one or more chemical compounds (e.g., synthetic chemical compounds) and / or one or more biological agents (e.g., microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, fungi, viruses, algae, etc.), or compositions thereof; A kit comprising is a further object of the present invention. Both chemical compounds and biological agents may be selected from fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, biostimulants, macronutrients, micronutrients, elicitors, plant regulators, microbial biocontrol agents, plant growth regulators, foliar nutrients, antibiotics, herbicides, acaricides, food additives, antioxidants, functional adjuvants, and agricultural food-related microorganisms.

[0063] especially, The foliar nutrients may be selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, and magnesium. The aforementioned micronutrients may be selected from iron, boron, chlorine, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, and nickel. The insecticides may be selected from inorganic compounds, oils, plant extracts, organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, neonicotinoids, avermectins, organosulfurs, organotins, and synthetic pyrethroids. The elicitor may be selected from chemically synthesized elicitors such as salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, benzothiadiazole, benzoic acid, and chitosan, or from plant extracts such as tannins, citrus oils, bioflavonoids such as dihydroquercetin, arabinogalactan, polysaccharides, and other plant extracts. The plant growth regulator may be selected from (according to the international nomenclature system) auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid, ancymidol, chlormequat, chloro IPC, daminozide, flurprimidol, hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2), mefluidide, mepiquat chloride, paclobutrazol, prohexadione calcium salt, succinic acid (SADH), and forchlorfenuron.

[0064] As mentioned above, the fungicide may belong to, for example, strobilurins, benzimidazoles, sterol inhibitors, dicarboxamides, dithiocarbamates, inorganic fungicides, phenylpyrroles, or combinations thereof, and other chemical classes.

[0065] According to the kit of the present invention, the fungicide (chemical and / or biological) may be (according to the international nomenclature) 2-methoxyethylmercuric chloride, 2-phenylphenol, 3-ethoxypropylmercuric bromide, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, 8-phenylmercuryoxyquinoline, acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, acyl amino acid fungicides, acypetacs, Adavelt, Agrobacterium radiobacter K84, aldimorph, orph, allyl alcohol, ametoctradin, aminopyrifen, amisulbrom, ampropylfos, anilazine, aureofungin, azaconazole, azithiram, azoxystrobin, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amyloliquefaciens (formerly Bacillus subtilis) strain QST713, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains AH2, IT-45, FZB24, MBI600, and D747, Bacillus mycoides isolate J, Bacillus nakamurai strain F727, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, Bacillussubtilis strains AFS032321, GB03, and IAB / BS03, barium polysulfide, benalaxyl-M (=kiralaxyl), benodanil, benomyl, benquinox, bentaluron, benthiavalicarb, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, benzalkonium chloride, chloride, benzamacril, benzamide fungicides, benzamorf, benzohydroxamic acid, benzovindiflupyr, bethoxazin, binapacryl, biphenyl, bitertanol, bithionol, bixafen, blasticidin-S, Bordeaux mixture, boric acid, boscalid, bromoconazole, bupirimate, Burgundy mixture, buthiobate, calcium polysulfide polysulfide, captafol, captan, carbamorph, carbendazim, carboxin, carpropamid, carvone, cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS117, Cheshunt mixturemixture), chinomethionat, chlobenthiazone, chloraniformethan, chloranil, chlorfenazole, chlorodinitronaphthalene, chloroneb, chloropicrin, chlorothalonil, chlorquinox, chlozolinate, ciclopirox, climbazole, Clonostachys rosea CR-7 strain, Coniothyrium minitans minitans), copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper soap, basic copper sulfate, copper zinc chromate, copper acetate, basic copper carbonate, copper sulfate, coumoxystrobin, cufraneb, cuprobam, cuprous oxideoxide), cyazofamid, cyclafuramid, cyclobutrifluram, cycloheximide, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cypendazole, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, dazomet, DBCP, debacarb, decafentin afentin, dehydroacetic acid, dichlobentiazox, dichlofluanid, diclone, dichlorophen, dichlorophenyl, dichlozoline, diclobutrazol, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, diethyl pyrocarbonatepyrocarbonate, difenoconazole, diflumetorim, dimethachlone, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinobuton, dinocap, dinocap-4, dinocap-6, dinocton, dinopenton, dinosulfon, dinoterbone, diphenylamine, dipymetrone, itrone, dipyrithione, disulfiram, ditalimfos, dithianon, DNOC, dodemorph, dodicin, dodine, donatodine, drazoxolon, edifenphos, enestrobin, enestroburin, enoxastrobin, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, etem, ethaboxam, ethirimol, ethoxyquin, ethylene oxide ethylmercury oxide, ethylmercury 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercaptide, ethylmercury acetate, ethylmercury bromide, ethylmercury chloride, ethylmercury phosphatephosphate, etridiazole, extract of Melaleuca alternifolia, extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis (big knotweed), extract of cotyledons of lupine plantlets ("BLAD"), extract of Swinglea glutinosa, F500, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenaminosulf, fenaminstrobin, fenamistrobin, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenazaquin, fenbuconazole, fenfu fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenitropan, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fenpicoxamid, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fentin, fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxidehydroxide), ferbam, ferimzone, florylpicoxamid, fluazaindolizine, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flufenoxystrobin, fluindapyr, flumorph, fluopicolide, fluopimomide, fluopyram, fluoroimide, fluotrimazole, fluoxapiprolin, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole uquinconazole, flurozolamide, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, folpet, fosetyl, fosetyl-Al, phthalide, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, furcarbanil, furfural, furmecyclox, furophanate, glio Gliocladium catenulatum J1446, Gliocladium virens GL-21, glyodin, griseofulvin, guazatine, halacrinate, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorophene, hexaconazole, hexylthiofos, hymexazol, imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine minoctadine, Inatreq (fenpicoxamid), mineral oil, inpyrfluxam, iodocarb, ipconazole, ipflufenoquin, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, isofetamide, isofleucine, isopropanol azole azole, isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, isotianil, isovaledione, Jun Si Qi, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, laminarin, lime sulfur / limesulphur, mancopper, mancozeb, mandestrobin, mandipropamid, maneb, mebenil, mecarbinzid, mefenoxam, mefentrifluconazole, mepanipyrim, me Pronil, meptyldinocap, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (= mefenoxam), metam, metazoxolone, metconazole, methasulfocarb, metfuroxam, methyl bromide, methyl isothiocyanate, methylmercury(II) benzoate, methylmercury dicyandiamide, methylmercury pentachlorophenoxidepentachlorophenoxide, metiram, metominostrobin, metrafenone, metsulfovax, methyltetraprole, milneb, myclobutanil, myclozolin, N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulfonanilide, nabam, naftifine, natamycin, neem oil, nitrothal-isopropyl, nuarimol, octhilinone, ofurace, organic oil, orthophenylphenol phenol), orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxathiapiprolin, oxazosulfyl, oxine copper, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, oxytetracycline, PCNB, pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, penflufen, pentachlorophenol, penthiopyrad, phenamacril, phenylmercuriurea, phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury chloride, phenylmercury nitratenitrate, phosdiphen, phosphite, phosphorous acid and its salts, phosphorous acid, phthalide, picarbutrazox, picolinamides, picoxystrobin, piperalin, vegetable oils (mixture): eugenol, geraniol, thymol, polycarbamate, polyoxin-D, potassium azide, potassium bicarbonate, potassium polysulfide, potassium thiocyanate thiocyanate, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propiconazole, propineb, proquinazid, prothiocarb, prothioconazole, Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009, Pseudomonas syringaesyringae ESC-10, pydiflumetofen, pyracarbolid, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrapropoyne, pyraziflumid, pyrazophos, pyribencarb, pyributicarb, pyridaclomethyl, pyridinitril, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil yrimethanil, pyrimorph, pyriophenone, pyrisoxazole, pyroquilon, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur, quinacetol, quinazamid, quinconazole, quinofumelin, quinomethionate, quinoxyfen, quintozene, rabenzazole, Reynoutria saccharinensis sachalinensis, salicylanilide, sec-butylamine, sedaxane, sesame oil, silthiofam, silver, simeconazole, SJC17, sodium azide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium orthophenylphenoxide, sodium pentachlorophenoxide, sodium polysulfide, spiroxamine, Streptomyces griseoviridisgriseovirides strain K61, Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108, streptomycin, sulfur, sulfuryl fluoride, sultropen, tea tree oil, tebuconazole, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tecoram, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thiadifluor, thicyofen, thifluzamide, thiochlorfenfim hiochlorfenphim, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thioquinox, thiram, THQ25, tiadinil, tioxymid, tolclofos-methyl, tolfenpyrad, tolprocarb, tolylfluanid, tolylmercury acetate acetate), triadimefon, triadimenol, triamiphos, triarimol, triazbutil, triazoxide, trichlamide, Trichoderma afroharzianum (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) T-22 strain, Trichoderma asperellum (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) ICC012 strain, T25 strain, TV1 strain, Trichoderma asperellumasperellum T34 strain, Trichoderma atrobrunneum (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) ITEM908 strain, Trichoderma atroviride (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) IMI206040 strain, T11 strain, Trichoderma atroviride I-1237 strain, Trichoderma Trichoderma atroviride LU132 strain, Trichoderma atroviride SC1 strain, Trichoderma gamsii (formerly Trichoderma viride) ICC080 strain, triclopyricarb, tricyclazole, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, UCQ09, Ulocladium oudemansi oudemansii U3 strain, uniconazole-P, urea, validamycin, valifenalate, vinclozolin, voriconazole, WLR08, zarilamid, zinc naphthenate, zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram, and zoxamide, and preferably azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin. (trifloxystrobin), benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole, tebuconazole, imazalil, penconazole, procymidone, vinclozolin, mancozeb, ziram, copper oxychloride, sulfur, fludioxonil, and / or iprovalicarb.

[0066] The present invention also relates to the use of the above-mentioned PT22AV yeast strain, the extracellular substances secreted by said strain, and the above-mentioned compositions or kits against plant pathogens of one or more plants or crops, such as agricultural crops, ornamental crops, forest crops, wild species, industrial crops, and park and garden plants. According to the invention, said yeast strains, extracellular substances, compositions or kits may be used pre-sowing, pre-harvesting or post-harvesting.

[0067] In particular, according to the present invention, the yeast strain PT22AV belonging to the species Papiliotrema terrestris is effective for controlling plant pathogens since it acts by controlling the growth and limiting the establishment of infection in plants without directly killing the plant pathogens. Therefore, the above term "against plant pathogens" means the control of plant pathogens.

[0068] The extracellular substances (or secondary metabolites) secreted by the PT22AV yeast strain belonging to the species Papiliotrema terrestris during the biomass production stage are essentially polymers of sugar character, in which the most frequent monomeric units are mannose, xylose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. The structures of these polymers are organized in such a way that the main chains of monomers are linked via linear and branched bonds. Thus, the present invention includes the use of wastewater from the Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV biomass production process (i.e. culture growth broth applied as it is (crude) or as a concentrate with a high content of EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) compounds) against plant pathogens, i.e. as a plant protection agent or biocontrol agent against plant pathogens.

[0069] In particular, according to the present invention, the yeast strain can be used for direct and indirect control of all pests to plants. For example, the strain can be used for resistance induction and biostimulation in plants, improving plant resistance to pathogens such as viruses through the production of polysaccharides and other metabolites. This highly complex matrix protects the strain from abiotic stressors, improves adhesion to surfaces, and induces plant resistance, thereby improving resistance to a wide range of pathogens, including viruses.

[0070] Liquid or dehydrated preparations based on the (proteinaceous and carbohydrate) extracellular polymers or secondary metabolites that accumulate during fermentation and subsequent industrial transformation of the PT22AV strain can be used as plant stimulants, inducers of resistance to pathogens, mitigants of abiotic stress (osmotic, water, heat, UV, etc.), healing films, functional adjuvants in the distribution of foliar applications or seed coatings, as growth media for microorganisms, including biopackaging (integration into or replacement of packaging for preserving food, etc.).

[0071] According to the use of the present invention, the one or more plants or crops may be selected from cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, corn, sorghum, etc.; fruit trees such as olives, apples, pears, apricots, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, persimmons, bananas, grapes, strawberries, raspberries, blackberry trees, etc.; citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, mandarins, clementines, grapefruits, etc.; legumes such as beans, peas, lentils, soybeans, etc.; vegetable crops such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, artichokes, cabbage, carrots, onions, garlic, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, mustard, fennel, etc.; gourds such as pumpkin, zucchini, watermelon, melon, etc.; oil plants such as soybeans, sunflowers, canola, peanuts, castor beans, coconuts, etc.; tobacco; coffee; tea tree; cocoa; sugar beet; sugar cane; and cotton.

[0072] According to the invention, the plant pathogen may be a fungus, such as a Basidiomycete, Ascomycete, Deuteromycete, Oomycete, sexually or asexually reproducing fungus, fungus with biotrophic or necrotrophic activity, protist, or Chromista, etc. For example, the strains can be used for the control of mycotoxigenic fungi affecting plant production both in the field and at the post-harvest stage, preventing the accumulation of mycotoxins in any agricultural crop.

[0073] In addition, the following species were included: Albugo spp.; Alternaria spp.; Anthracnose; Armillaria spp.; Ascochyta spp.; Aspergillus spp.; Blumeria graminis; Botrytis cinerea; Botrytis spp.; Bremia lactucae ; Cercospora kikuchii; Cercospora sojina; Cercospora spp.; Cercosporella herpotrichoides; Cladosporium spp.; Claviceps purpurea; Colletotrichum spp.; Corynespora cassiicola; Diaporthe spp.; Erysiphe spp.; Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium spp.; Helminthosporium spp.; Leveillula Taurica; Macrophomina phaseolina; Magnaporthe oryzae; Magnaporthe spp.; Melampsora linen; Monilinia spp.; Mucor spp.; Mycosphaerella graminicola; Mycosphaerella spp.; Oidiumspp; Penicillium spp.; Peronospora manshurica; Peronospora spp.; Phaeosphaeria spp.; Phakopsora pachyrhizi; Phakopsora spp; Phoma spp.; Phytophthora spp.; Plasmopara viticola; Podophaeraspp.; Pseudopernospoea cubensis; Puccinia spp.; Pyrenochaeta lycopersici; Pyrenophora spp.; Pyricularia oryzae; Pythium spp.Rhizoctonia spp.; Rhizopus spp.; Rhynchosporium spp.; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Sclerotinia spp.; Sclerotium cepivorum; Sclerotium rolfsii; Sclerotium spp.; Septoria glycines; Septoria spp.; Sphaerotheca Stemphylium spp.; Stenocarpella maydis; Thielaviopsis basicola; Thielaviopsis spp.; Tilletia spp.; Uncinula spp.; Uromyces spp.; Ustilago maydis; Ustilago spp.; Venturia spp.; Verticillium spp. .

[0074] Furthermore, according to the use according to the invention, said plant pathogen may be a bacterium, a virus or a parasitic nematode of crop plants.

[0075] In particular, the bacteria may be selected from the species Pseudomonas spp., Xanthomonas spp., Clavibacter spp., Ralstonia spp., Erwinia spp., and the nematodes may be selected from the species Meloidogyne spp., Heterodera spp., Globodera spp., Belonolaimus spp., Pratylenchus spp., Rotylenchulus spp., Trichodorus spp., Paratylenchus spp., etc.

[0076] According to the use of the present invention, the yeast strain, the extracellular material, the composition or the kit may be applied to one or more intact or wounded parts of the plant selected from seeds, above-ground parts, leaves, stems, trunks, buds, embryos, branches, stems, flowers, fruits and roots.

[0077] In particular, for field treatment of above-ground plant parts, the PT22AV strain or extracellular material can be applied using currently used spray equipment or aerial irrigation systems, for example by spray equipment or overhead irrigation systems. Treatment of fruits, flowers, and fresh-cut produce at the post-harvest stage can be applied using spray equipment or by adding to the wash water.

[0078] According to the present invention, the amount of live cells of the yeast strain to be sprayed per unit of cultivation area is 10 per hectare. 8 ~10 15 It may be in the range of CFU.

[0079] According to the present invention, the dosage of the PT22AV-based composition can vary depending on the type of formulation and the field of application, and is usually from a few grams to tens of kilos per hectare. The dosage also depends on the crop, the pathogen to be combated, disease pressure, weather, and other agricultural factors.

[0080] According to the use according to the present invention, the yeast strain or its extracellular material, the composition or the kit is added to a solid plant growth substrate such as soil, preferably at a concentration of 10 0.01% per gram of solid growth substrate (soil or other matrix). 2 ~10 12 Yeast strains can be applied at viable cell concentrations in the range of CFU.

[0081] According to the invention, the soil treatment can be carried out by applying a formulation based on the PT22AV strain of Papiliotrema terrestris by diluting it in a substrate, spraying it or spreading it in a fertilization system. The soil treatment can be aimed at improving the chemical-physical and microbiological properties of the soil and / or at controlling phytopathogenic nematodes.

[0082] Furthermore, according to the invention, the PT22AV strain can be used for the treatment of hydroponic or floating crop systems, for example against pathogens and root parasites, in which case the product can be applied directly into the nutrient solution.

[0083] Furthermore, the yeast strain or the composition can be used as a seed coating agent, in which case the concentration of the strain is 10 2 ~10 10 According to the invention, the PT22AV strain used as a seed treatment can be applied in combination with a filming agent, a surfactant, or a tackifier.

[0084] Furthermore, the yeast strain or the composition may be used by pollinating insects to combat plant pathogens (Erwinia spp., Pseudomonas syringae, Botrytis cinerea, etc.) that can enter the host through the flowers.

[0085] According to the use according to the invention, said plant pathogens may be selected from Botrytis cinerea and Plasmopara viticola on grapevines, Botrytis cinerea on strawberries, Botrytis cinerea and Phytopthora infestans on tomatoes, Venturia inequalis and Stemphylium spp. on apple and / or pear trees, Monilia spp. on stone fruits and / or Phytophtora spp. on potatoes.

[0086] According to the present invention, the above-mentioned PT22AV yeast strain or its extracellular substance, its composition or kit can also be applied to seeds and their use can be carried out in a greenhouse, in the field or at post-harvest stage in a biological or integrated regime.

[0087] Furthermore, when using the above kit, said component a) and component b) can be used separately or sequentially.

[0088] "Separate use" contemplates simultaneous application of components a) and b) of the kit in distinct form. "Sequential use" means subsequent application of components a) and b) of the kit, each in distinct form, in any order.

[0089] The present invention also relates to a method for controlling plant pathogens in agricultural crops, comprising or consisting of applying an effective amount of the above-mentioned PT22AV strain, an extracellular substance secreted by said PT22AV strain, a composition or a kit to said crop or to the soil in which said crop grows, before sowing, before harvesting or after harvesting. The plant pathogens and crops according to the method of the invention may be as described above.

[0090] According to the method of the present invention, the application may be carried out on one or more intact or wounded plant parts selected from seeds, above-ground parts, leaves, stems, trunks, buds, shoots, branches, stems, flowers, fruits, and roots.

[0091] Further, according to the method of the present invention, the dosage of the aforementioned composition is 10 per hectare. 8 CFU~10 15 Varies with CFU.

[0092] Some examples of application protocols regarding dose, application volume, application method, and application site of Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV in major crops of agronomic interest and against major crop pathogens are shown in Table 2.

[0093] [Table 2-1] [Table 2-2] [Table 2-3] [Table 2-4]

[0094] Dosage and application rates are exemplary and may vary depending on disease pressure and vegetation type. The invention will now be described, by way of example and not by way of limitation, with particular reference to the examples and the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief description of the drawings]

[0095] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows colonization of P. expansum mycelium by the biocontrol agent PT22AV. Scanning electron microscopy images of the in vivo interaction between P. expansum and Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV. The yeast colonizes the fungal hyphae and attaches to them by a polysaccharide extracellular matrix. [Diagram 2] Figure 2 shows foliar colonization by strain PT22AV 5 days after application. The images show yeast interaction with leaves, specifically yeast present on the upper and lower surfaces of tomato leaves 5 days after application, as observed under a scanning electron microscope, and also colonization of the natural openings, the stomata. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 shows PT22AV yeast grown on agarized growth medium after 3 days of incubation at 28° C. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows a phylogenetic tree of the PT22AV strain obtained by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene and comparing it with other related species. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 shows a phylogenetic tree constructed by comparing the entire proteome of strain PT22AV with other basidiomycete yeast species. EXAMPLES

[0096] Example 1. Isolation and characterization of the PT22AV strain of Papiliotrema terrestris. Strain PT22AV was selected from a collection of yeasts isolated from epiphytic microbial communities of different fruits and vegetables in central Italy.

[0097] Strain PT22AV was identified by sequencing the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene and was unambiguously shown to belong to the species Papiliotrema terrestris (Figure 4). In particular, the nucleotide sequence of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene region of the PT22AV strain is shown below.

[0098] (Sequence number 1).

[0099] The applicant obtained the whole genome sequence of the PT22AV BCA strain by nanopore sequencing technology. Bioinformatics analysis of the whole PT22AV genome sequence allowed prediction of the whole proteome, which was also used for taxonomic analysis of the strain, thereby allowing to precisely define its differences from other strains of related species (Figure 5).

[0100] The entire mitochondrial genome of the PT22AV strain consists of the following sequence:

[0101] The entire coding region of the ribosomal gene of the PT22AV strain consists of the following sequence: GATTAACGTCCCACCTTTTTGTCTTAAGGTCCTTTACGGGCTGATCCGGGTTGAAGACATTGTCAGGTGGGGAGTTTGGCTGGGGCGGCACATCTGTTAAAAGATAACGCAGGTGTCCTAAGGGGGACTCATGGAGAACAGAAATCTCCAGTAGAACAAAAGGGTAAAAGTCCCCTTGATTTTGATTTTCAGTGTGAATACAAACCATGAAAGTGTGGCCTATCGATCCTTTAGTCCCTCGGAACTCGAGGCTAGAGGTGCCAGAAAAGTTACCACAGGGATAACTGGCTTGTGGCAGCCAAGCGTTCATAGCGACGTTGCTTTTTGATCCTTCGATGTCGGCTCTTCCTGTCNNNNNNNNNNAGAATTCGGTAAGCGTTGGATTGTTCACCCACTAATAGGGAACGTGAGCTGGGTTTAGACCGTCGTGAGACAGGTTAGTTTTACCCTACTGATGGAGGGTTATCGTAACAGTAATTGAGGGTAGTACGAGAGGAACTGCTCATTCAGATAATTGGTATTTGCGCCTGTCCGATCGGGCAATGGCGCGAAGCTATCATCTGCTAGATTATGGCTGAACGCCTCTAAGTCAGAATCTGTACTGGAAACGATGATGTTGGTCCCGCATGTGTTAGTTGTGTCAAAATAGGCTTCGGCTGTGAACCATATCTGGGCTGGGTTGTTTGGACGGAAAGGTCCTTGCAGCTTGCTCTTGATTGAAATGGAATATACGCGGGGGGTGAATCCTTTGCAGACGACTTGAATTGGAACNNNNNNNNNNTAGTAGAGTAGCCTTGTTGCTACGATCTACTGAGGCTAAGCCCTTGT (SEQ ID NO: 3).

[0102] The COI1 gene of the PT22AV strain consists of the following nucleotide sequence:

[0103] The taxonomic classification of the PT22AV strain of Papiliotrema terrestris is shown in Table 1.

[0104] Example 2. Analysis of the antagonistic ability and mechanism of action of Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV. The PT22AV strain was characterized in vitro for the first time by analyzing its antagonistic potential and mechanism of action. The assay consisted of pure cultures, in which the radial growth of the fungal pathogen on an agar growth medium was evaluated and compared with the growth of the same plant pathogen in co-culture with Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV as a biocontrol agent. By evaluating the differences in the radial growth of the fungal pathogen in different conditions, it was possible to quantify the antifungal effect produced by the antagonist yeast. The average inhibition brought about by the PT22AV strain against the various fungal pathogens tested was about 18%, specifically 25% for Penicillium expansum, 20% for Monilinia fructigena and M. laxa, 15% for Botrytis cinerea, 10% for Fusarium spp., 20% for Rhizoctonia solani and 15% for Alternaria solani. For Aspergillus spp., it is 25%, and for Colletotrichum spp., it is 20%.

[0105] Example 3. Evidence of efficacy of Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV compared to known products. The PT22AV strain of Papiliotrema terrestris was tested in the context of efficacy trials with GAP certification according to the guidelines PP 1 / 135(4) Phytotoxicity assessment, PP 1 / 152(4) Design and analysis of efficacy evaluation trials, and PP 1 / 181(5), Conduct and reporting of efficacy evaluation trials, including good experimental practice. In particular, 32 efficacy and selectivity trials were carried out in 4 EU countries and on 6 crops over a 3-year period (2018, 2019, 2020) against a wide range of biotrophic and necrotrophic fungal pathogens in the field and after harvest.

[0106] Tables 3a and 3b show the efficacy of Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV in different formulations (WG: water dispersible granule, WP: water dispersible powder, SC: concentrated suspension) and at different doses applied in the field or after harvest against above-ground fungal pathogens (Table 3a) and as a soil inoculant and / or in drip fertilization against soil-borne fungal pathogens (Table 3b).

[0107] The composition of the WG and WP formulations is as follows: dehydrated yeast cells, cryoprotectants (mono- and disaccharides), mineral or organic inert substances, disintegrants. The quantitative ratio of the various components that make up the formulation varies depending on the microbial concentration of the formulation. The composition of the SC formulation is as follows: yeast cells, water, stabilizers.

[0108] The efficacy of the PT22AV strain was compared to that of biological and chemical competitor formulations using the following formula: {[(competitive formulation efficacy × 100) / PT22AV efficacy]-100} × -1.

[0109] In this formula, the percentage efficacy of the competitive fungicide is calculated in the first step, taking the efficacy of PT22AV as 100%. Then the difference in percentage between the two treatments is calculated (calculating -100). Finally, multiplying by -1 gives a positive sign for comparisons where PT22AV is more effective and a negative sign for comparisons where PT22AV is less effective.

[0110] [Table 3a-1] [Table 3a-2] [Table 3a-3] [Table 3a-4] [Table 3a-5]

[0111] [Table 3b]

[0112] Example 4. Papiliotrema terrestris PT22AV compatibility with fungicides and efficacy in integrated disease management protocols. Microbial preparations based on the Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV can be effectively applied in integrated pest management (IPM) in combination with synthetic chemical active ingredients. This possibility arises from the ability of the PT22AV yeast to tolerate active ingredients with fungicidal action, allowing the use of two preparations simultaneously or sequentially in time (Table 4).

[0113] The resistance or tolerance of the yeasts of interest of the present invention has been established according to two main approaches: i) Increasing concentrations of synthetic chemically active ingredients were incorporated into an agarized growth medium (NYDA: nutrient broth 8 g / L; yeast extract 5 g / L; glucose 10 g / L; agar 20 g / L). Appropriately diluted cell suspensions of the PT22AV strain were distributed into Petri dishes containing growth medium containing the antifungal molecule, and the growth of the microorganism in the presence of the fungicide was compared to that in the negative control (NYDA without fungicide). ii) The tested active ingredients were dissolved in sterile distilled water at the concentrations recommended by the manufacturer. PT22AV yeast-based formulations were suspended in these solutions and incubated for 1 h at 20°C with stirring at 150 rpm. A yeast suspension in distilled water was used as a negative control. Appropriately diluted cell suspensions were inoculated onto growth agar medium (NYDA) to check viability.

[0114] The first test method clearly demonstrated a good level of resistance of PT22AV yeast to most of the fungicides tested, although the resistance level varied among the various active ingredients tested (Table 4).

[0115] The second test method allowed to establish resistance to synthetic chemical active ingredients in tank-mix conditions, assuming a residence time in the sprayer tank of 1 hour. In this case, none of the tested fungicides caused a decrease in the viability of the PT22AV yeast compared to the negative control. The wide range of resistance that appeared is due to the fact that the yeast is placed in a quiescent state determined by the formulation process, with a cell activation time of approximately 2 hours after rehydration. During this period, yeast cells are better resistant to abiotic stresses than actively growing cells. This allows the simultaneous use of all antifungal active ingredients with the yeast.

[0116] [Table 4]

[0117] Example 5. Biostimulatory activity towards crop plants by the yeast species Papiliotrema terrestris, specifically strain PT22AV. According to the present invention, for the first time a biostimulatory activity towards crop plants by the yeast species Papiliotrema terrestris, in particular the strain PT22AV, has been demonstrated.

[0118] As shown in Table 2, the PT22AV strain was applied via root application to melon, strawberry, and lettuce crops to evaluate the biostimulatory activity of this strain.

[0119] The results reported in Table 5 show that root application of a microbial preparation based on the Papiliotrema terrestris strain PT22AV increases the biomass of all three assayed crops (melon, strawberry, and lettuce) compared to untreated controls. The stimulation produced by root application of the yeast PT22AV is also evident in leaf surface area and leaf / flower number.

[0120] [Table 5] WP = Water Dispersible Powder, WG = Water Dispersible Granule Values ​​marked with the same letter indicate no statistical difference by Tukey's test (P<0.05).

[0121] Example 6. Comparison of efficacy of PT22AV and LS28 isolates in three representative crops. The efficacy of PT22AV and LS28 was compared in field and postharvest trials conducted over a 5-year period (2016-2020) at the Plant Pathology laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Molise University, Italy. These trials were carried out on seven crops in the field trials and four crops in the postharvest trials against a wide range of biotrophic and necrotrophic fungal pathogens.

[0122] PT22AV and LS28 were applied according to the protocol described in Table 2. In the field trials, efficacy was evaluated at harvest, while post-harvest measurements were taken when at least 10% infection was obtained in the untreated control. At the same levels of CFU (colony forming units) per hectare, significantly higher efficacy was observed for the PT22AV strain than for the LS28 strain. A comparison of the application protocols of the PT22AV and LS28 strains with reference to the doses, crop plants and plant pathogens involved is shown in Table 6.

[0123] [Table 6]

[0124] The applicant's similar comparison showed that PT22AV has a significantly better ability to resist a wide range of abiotic stresses compared to LS28 (Table 7). This greater resistance to stress factors is accompanied by a higher adaptability, survival, improved viability in the environment, and colonization in plant tissues. These traits are intuitively linked to biocontrol activity against plant pathogens. Furthermore, greater resistance to stress factors is accompanied by greater resistance and survival at the stage of yeast biomass production, as well as greater resistance and survival to stresses due to dehydration and freeze-drying methods, which are common steps in the formulation process. Thus, the production of a larger amount of vital and active yeast biomass for biocontrol is guaranteed. In particular, the biomass production process results in a 70% higher CFU concentration for the PT22AV strain than for the LS28 strain on average. Furthermore, the subsequent formulation steps result in a decrease in the CFU concentration of LS28 relative to the PT22AV strain by approximately 40% in the freeze-drying process and by more than 90% in the fluidized bed formulation.

[0125] [Table 7] The symbol (+++) indicates high resistance, (++) indicates moderate resistance, (+) indicates low resistance, and (-) indicates susceptibility.

[0126] Example 7. Efficacy of PT22AV against nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on tomato plants. The PT22AV strain was applied to tomato plants as described in Table 2 to evaluate its effectiveness against Meloidogyne spp. nematodes. The results reported in Table 8 show that the PT22AV strain, when applied as a root treatment, is particularly effective in partially reducing nematode proliferation while also limiting their deleterious effects, as shown by plant height measurements.

[0127] [Table 8] Values ​​marked with the same letter are not statistically different by Tukey's test (P<0.05).

[0128] Although the present invention has been described according to preferred embodiments thereof for illustrative and not limiting purposes, it should be understood that those skilled in the art can make variations and / or modifications without departing from the relative scope of protection defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A yeast strain belonging to the species Papiliotrema terrestris, which has been deposited at the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute under the accession number CBS147138.

2. 2. The yeast strain of claim 1, wherein the yeast strain is in a form selected from fresh cells, dried cells, dehydrated cells, devitalized cells, inactivated cells, frozen cells, and cells in aqueous suspension.

3. 3. The yeast strain of claim 2, wherein the yeast strain is in the form of cells in an aqueous suspension containing exopolysaccharides of a cellular biomass production process.

4. A composition comprising the yeast strain of the species Papiliotrema terrestris according to claim 1 as an active ingredient together with one or more phyto-pharmacologically acceptable formulation excipients or functional adjuvants.

5. The composition of claim 4 in liquid or solid form.

6. The concentration of the yeast strain in the composition is 10 per gram of solid composition. ３ CFU~10 １３ CFU or 10 per mL of liquid composition ２ CFU~10 １２ The composition of claim 5, wherein the CFU range.

7. 5. The composition of claim 4 in the form of a tablet, capsule, granule, pellet, powder such as dry powder or wettable powder, liquid, dry fluid, emulsion, suspension, solution, or dispersion.

8. 5. The composition of claim 4, further comprising one or more chemical compounds and / or one or more biological agents selected from fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, plant biostimulants, macronutrients, micronutrients, inducers of resistance to pathogens, plant growth regulators, foliar nutrients, antibiotics, herbicides, acaricides, food additives, and microorganisms.

9. The fungicide may be 2-methoxyethylmercuric chloride, 2-phenylphenol, 3-ethoxypropylmercuric bromide, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, 8-phenylmercuryoxyquinoline, acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, acylamino acid fungicides, acypetacs, Adavelt, Agrobacterium radiobacter K84, aldimorph, allyl alcohol, ame Toctradin, aminopyrifen, amisulbrom, ampropylphos, anilazine, aureofungin, azaconazole, azithiram, azoxystrobin, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amyloliquefaciens (formerly Bacillus subtilis) QST713 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AH2 strain, IT-45 strain, FZB24 strain, MBI600 strain, and D747 strain, Bacillus mycoides isolate J, Bacillus nakamurai F727 strain, Bacillus pumilus pumilus QST2808 strain, Bacillus subtilis (var.) amyloliquefaciens FZB24 strain, Bacillus subtilissubtilis AFS032321, GB03, and IAB / BS03 strains, barium polysulfide, benalaxyl-M (=kiralaxyl), benodanil, benomyl, benquinox, bentaluron, benthiavalicarb, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, benzalkonium chloride chloride), benzamacryl, benzamide fungicides, benzamorf, benzohydroxamic acid, benzovindiflupyr, bethoxazin, binapacryl, biphenyl, bitertanol, bithionol, bixafen, blasticidin-S, Bordeaux mixture, boric acid, boscalid, bromoconazole, bupirimate, Burgundy mixture mixture, buthiobate, calcium polysulfide, captafol, captan, carbamorph, carbendazim, carboxin, carpropamid, carvone, cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae LAS117 strain, Cheshunt mixturemixture), chinomethionate, clobenthiazone, chloraniformethane, chloranil, chlorphenazole, chlorodinitronaphthalene, chloroneb, chloropicrin, chlorothalonil, chlorquinox, chlorzolinate, ciclopirox, climbazole, Clonostachys rosea rosea CR-7 strain, Coniothyrium minitans, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper soap, basic copper sulfate, copper zinc chromate, copper acetate (II), basic copper carbonate (II), copper sulfate (II), coumoxystrobin, cufuraneb, cuprobam, cuprous oxideoxid, cyazofamid, cyclafuramide, cyclobutrifluram, cycloheximide, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cypendazole, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, dazomet, DBCP, debacarb, decafentin afentin, dehydroacetic acid, dichlobentiazox, dichlofluanid, dichlorone, dichlorophen, dichlorophenyl, dichlozoline, diclobutrazol, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, diethyl pyrocarbonatepyrocarbonate, difenoconazole, diflumethrin, dimethachlon, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole, diniconazole-M azole-M), dinobuton, dinocap, dinocap-4, dinocap-6, dinocton, dinopenton, dinosulfon, dinoterbone, diphenylamine, dipymetrone itrone), dipyrithione, disulfiram, ditalimfos, dithianon, DNOC, dodemorph, dodicin, dodine, donatodine, drazoxolone, edifenphos ... Nestrobin, enestroburin, enoxastrobin, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, etem, ethaboxam, ethirimol, ethoxyquin, ethylene oxide mercury oxide), ethylmercury 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercaptide, ethylmercury acetate, ethylmercury bromide, ethylmercury chloride, ethylmercury phosphatephosphate), etridiazole, extract from Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree), extract from Reynoutria sachalinensis (Giant Knotweed), extract from cotyledons of lupine plantlets ("BLAD"), Swinglea glutinosa (Swinglea vulgaris) glutinosa extract, F500, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenaminosulf, phenaminestrobin, fenamistrobin, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenazaquin, fenbuconazole, fenfu Fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenitropan, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fenpicoxamid, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fentin, fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxideHydroxide), ferban, ferimzone, florylpicoxamide, fluazindolizine, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flufenoxystrobin, fluindapyr, flumo Flumorph, fluopicolide, fluopimomide, fluopyram, fluoroimide, fluotrimazole, fluoxapiprolin, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole zole), flurozolamide, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, folpet, fosetyl, fosetyl-Al (fos etyl-Al), phthalide (fthalide / phthalide), fuberidazole (fuberidazole), furalaxyl (furametpyr), furcarbanil (furcarbanil), furfural (furfural), furmecyclox (furmecyclox), furophanate (furophanate), Gliocladium catenulatum (Gliocladium catenulatum) ocladium catenulatum J1446, Gliocladium virens GL-21, gliodin, griseofulvin, guazatine, halacrinate, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorophene, hexaconazole, hexylthiofos, hymexazol, imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine minoctadine), Inatreq (fenpicoxamid), mineral oil, inpyrfluxam, iodocarb, ipconazole, ipflufenoquin, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, isofetamide, isoflucipram, isopropanolazole, azole), isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, isotianil, isovaledione, Jun Si Qi, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, laminarin, lime sulfur / limesulphur, mancopper, mancozeb, mandestrobin, mandipropamid, maneb, mebenil, mecarbinzide, mefenoxam, mefentrifluconazole, mepanipyrim, mefentrifluconazole ... Pronil, meptyldinocap, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (=mefenoxam), metam, metazoxolone, metconazole, methasulfocarb, metofuroxam, methyl bromide bromide), methyl isothiocyanate, methylmercury (II) benzoate, methylmercury dicyandiamide, methylmercury pentachlorophenoxidepentachlorophenoxide), metiram, metominostrobin, metrafenone, methsulfovax, methyltetraprole, milneb, myclobutanil, myclozolin, N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulfonate Nilide (N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulfonanilide), Nabam, Naftifine, Natamycin, Neem oil, Nitrothal-isopropyl, Nuarimol, Octilinone, Ofurace, Organic oil, Orthophenylphenol phenol), orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxathiapiprolin, oxazosulfyl, oxine copper, oxolinic acid acid, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, oxytetracycline, PCNB, pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, penflufen, pentachlorophenol, penthiopyrad, phenamacryl, phenylmercury urea, phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury chloride chloride, phenylmercury nitratenitrate, phosdiphen, phosphites, phosphorous acid and its salts, phosphorous acid, phthalide, picarbutrazox, picolinamides, picoxystrobin, piperalin, vegetable oils (mixture): eugenol, geraniol, thymol, polycarbamate, polyoxin-D, potassium azide, potassium bicarbonate, potassium polysulfide polysulfide, potassium thiocyanate, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propiconazole, propineb, proquinazid, prothiocarb, prothioconazole, Pseudomonas chlororaphis AFS009 strain, Pseudomonas syringaesyringae ESC-10, pydiflumetofen, pyracarbolid, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrapropoyne, pyraziflumid, pyrazophos, pyribencarb, pyributicarb, pyridaclomethyl, pyridinitrile, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil yrimethane, pyrimorph, pyriophenone, pyrisoxazole, pyroquilon, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur, quinacetol, quinazamide, quinconazole, quinofumelin, quinomethionate, quinoxyfen, quintozene, rabenzazole, Reynoutria saccharinensis sachalinensis, salicylanilide, sec-butylamine, sedaxane, sesame oil, silthiofam, silver, simeconazole, SJC17, sodium azide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium orthophenylphenoxide, sodium pentachlorophenoxide, sodium polysulfide, spiroxamine, Streptomyces griseoviridisgriseovirides K61 strain, Streptomyces lydicus WYEC108 strain, streptomycin, sulfur, sulfuryl fluoride fluoride, sultropen, tea tree oil, tebuconazole, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tecoram, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thiadifluor, thicyophen, thifluzamide, thiochlorfenfim thiochlorfenphim, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thioquinox, thiram, THQ25, tiadinil, tioximide, tolclofos-methyl, tolfenpyrad, tolprocarb, tolfluanid, tolylmercuric acetate acetate), triadimefon, triadimenol, triamiphos, triarimol, triazbutil, triazoxide, trichlamide, Trichoderma afroharzianum (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) T-22 strain, Trichoderma asperellum (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) harzianum) ICC012 strain, T25 strain, TV1 strain, Trichoderma asperellumasperellum T34 strain, Trichoderma atrobrunneum (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) ITEM908 strain, Trichoderma atroviride (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) IMI206040 strain, T11 strain, Trichoderma atroviride I-1237 strain, Trichoderma atroviride Trichoderma atroviride LU132 strain, Trichoderma atroviride SC1 strain, Trichoderma gamsii (formerly Trichoderma viride viride) ICC080 strain, triclopyricarb, tricyclazole, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, UCQ09, Ulocladium oudemansi oudemansii U3 strain, uniconazole-P, urea, validamycin, valifenalate, vinclozolin, voriconazole, WLR08, zarilamid, zinc naphthenate, zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram, and zoxamide, preferably azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of benzodiazepine, benzoyl stearate, benzoyl stearate, benzoyl stearate, benzoyl stearate, benzoyl stearate, benzoyl stearate, benzoyl stearate, benzoyl stearate, benzoyl stearate, stearate ...

10. a) a yeast strain of the species Papiliotrema terrestris according to claim 1 or claim 2, or a composition according to any one of claims 4 to 9, and b) A kit comprising one or more chemical compounds and / or one or more biological agents selected from fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, biostimulants, macronutrients, micronutrients, inducers of resistance to pathogens, plant growth regulators, foliar nutrients, antibiotics, herbicides, acaricides, food additives, antioxidants, and microorganisms, or a composition comprising same.

11. The fungicide may be 2-methoxyethylmercuric chloride, 2-phenylphenol, 3-ethoxypropylmercuric bromide, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, 8-phenylmercuryoxyquinoline, acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, acylamino acid fungicides, acypetacs, Adavelt, Agrobacterium radiobacter K84, aldimorph, allyl alcohol, ame Toctradin, aminopyrifen, amisulbrom, ampropylphos, anilazine, aureofungin, azaconazole, azithiram, azoxystrobin, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amyloliquefaciens (formerly Bacillus subtilis) QST713 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AH2 strain, IT-45 strain, FZB24 strain, MBI600 strain, and D747 strain, Bacillus mycoides isolate J, Bacillus nakamurai F727 strain, Bacillus pumilus pumilus QST2808 strain, Bacillus subtilis (var.) amyloliquefaciens FZB24 strain, Bacillus subtilissubtilis AFS032321, GB03, and IAB / BS03 strains, barium polysulfide, benalaxyl-M (=kiralaxyl), benodanil, benomyl, benquinox, bentaluron, benthiavalicarb, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, benzalkonium chloride chloride), benzamacryl, benzamide fungicides, benzamorf, benzohydroxamic acid, benzovindiflupyr, bethoxazin, binapacryl, biphenyl, bitertanol, bithionol, bixafen, blasticidin-S, Bordeaux mixture, boric acid, boscalid, bromoconazole, bupirimate, Burgundy mixture mixture, buthiobate, calcium polysulfide, captafol, captan, carbamorph, carbendazim, carboxin, carpropamid, carvone, cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae LAS117 strain, Cheshunt mixturemixture), chinomethionate, clobenthiazone, chloraniformethane, chloranil, chlorphenazole, chlorodinitronaphthalene, chloroneb, chloropicrin, chlorothalonil, chlorquinox, chlorzolinate, ciclopirox, climbazole, Clonostachys rosea rosea CR-7 strain, Coniothyrium minitans, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper soap, basic copper sulfate, copper zinc chromate, copper acetate (II), basic copper carbonate (II), copper sulfate (II), coumoxystrobin, cufuraneb, cuprobam, cuprous oxideoxid, cyazofamid, cyclafuramide, cyclobutrifluram, cycloheximide, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cypendazole, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, dazomet, DBCP, debacarb, decafentin afentin, dehydroacetic acid, dichlobentiazox, dichlofluanid, dichlorone, dichlorophen, dichlorophenyl, dichlozoline, diclobutrazol, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, diethyl pyrocarbonatepyrocarbonate, difenoconazole, diflumethrin, dimethachlon, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole, diniconazole-M azole-M), dinobuton, dinocap, dinocap-4, dinocap-6, dinocton, dinopenton, dinosulfon, dinoterbone, diphenylamine, dipymetrone itrone), dipyrithione, disulfiram, ditalimfos, dithianon, DNOC, dodemorph, dodicin, dodine, donatodine, drazoxolone, edifenphos ... Nestrobin, enestroburin, enoxastrobin, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, etem, ethaboxam, ethirimol, ethoxyquin, ethylene oxide mercury oxide), ethylmercury 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercaptide, ethylmercury acetate, ethylmercury bromide, ethylmercury chloride, ethylmercury phosphatephosphate), etridiazole, extract from Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree), extract from Reynoutria sachalinensis (Giant Knotweed), extract from cotyledons of lupine plantlets ("BLAD"), Swinglea glutinosa (Swinglea vulgaris) glutinosa extract, F500, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenaminosulf, phenaminestrobin, fenamistrobin, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenazaquin, fenbuconazole, fenfu Fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenitropan, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fenpicoxamid, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fentin, fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxideHydroxide), ferban, ferimzone, florylpicoxamide, fluazindolizine, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flufenoxystrobin, fluindapyr, flumo Flumorph, fluopicolide, fluopimomide, fluopyram, fluoroimide, fluotrimazole, fluoxapiprolin, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole zole), flurozolamide, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, folpet, fosetyl, fosetyl-Al (fos etyl-Al), phthalide (fthalide / phthalide), fuberidazole (fuberidazole), furalaxyl (furametpyr), furcarbanil (furcarbanil), furfural (furfural), furmecyclox (furmecyclox), furophanate (furophanate), Gliocladium catenulatum (Gliocladium catenulatum) ocladium catenulatum J1446, Gliocladium virens GL-21, gliodin, griseofulvin, guazatine, halacrinate, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorophene, hexaconazole, hexylthiofos, hymexazol, imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine minoctadine), Inatreq (fenpicoxamid), mineral oil, inpyrfluxam, iodocarb, ipconazole, ipflufenoquin, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, isofetamide, isoflucipram, isopropanolazole, azole), isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, isotianil, isovaledione, Jun Si Qi, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, laminarin, lime sulfur / limesulphur, mancopper, mancozeb, mandestrobin, mandipropamid, maneb, mebenil, mecarbinzide, mefenoxam, mefentrifluconazole, mepanipyrim, mefentrifluconazole ... Pronil, meptyldinocap, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (=mefenoxam), metam, metazoxolone, metconazole, methasulfocarb, metofuroxam, methyl bromide bromide), methyl isothiocyanate, methylmercury (II) benzoate, methylmercury dicyandiamide, methylmercury pentachlorophenoxidepentachlorophenoxide), metiram, metominostrobin, metrafenone, methsulfovax, methyltetraprole, milneb, myclobutanil, myclozolin, N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulfonate Nilide (N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulfonanilide), Nabam, Naftifine, Natamycin, Neem oil, Nitrothal-isopropyl, Nuarimol, Octilinone, Ofurace, Organic oil, Orthophenylphenol phenol), orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxathiapiprolin, oxazosulfyl, oxine copper, oxolinic acid acid, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, oxytetracycline, PCNB, pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, penflufen, pentachlorophenol, penthiopyrad, phenamacryl, phenylmercury urea, phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury chloride chloride, phenylmercury nitratenitrate, phosdiphen, phosphites, phosphorous acid and its salts, phosphorous acid, phthalide, picarbutrazox, picolinamides, picoxystrobin, piperalin, vegetable oils (mixture): eugenol, geraniol, thymol, polycarbamate, polyoxin-D, potassium azide, potassium bicarbonate, potassium polysulfide polysulfide, potassium thiocyanate, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propiconazole, propineb, proquinazid, prothiocarb, prothioconazole, Pseudomonas chlororaphis AFS009 strain, Pseudomonas syringaesyringae ESC-10, pydiflumetofen, pyracarbolid, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrapropoyne, pyraziflumid, pyrazophos, pyribencarb, pyributicarb, pyridaclomethyl, pyridinitrile, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil yrimethane, pyrimorph, pyriophenone, pyrisoxazole, pyroquilon, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur, quinacetol, quinazamide, quinconazole, quinofumelin, quinomethionate, quinoxyfen, quintozene, rabenzazole, Reynoutria saccharinensis sachalinensis, salicylanilide, sec-butylamine, sedaxane, sesame oil, silthiofam, silver, simeconazole, SJC17, sodium azide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium orthophenylphenoxide, sodium pentachlorophenoxide, sodium polysulfide, spiroxamine, Streptomyces griseoviridisgriseovirides K61 strain, Streptomyces lydicus WYEC108 strain, streptomycin, sulfur, sulfuryl fluoride fluoride, sultropen, tea tree oil, tebuconazole, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tecoram, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thiadifluor, thicyophen, thifluzamide, thiochlorfenfim thiochlorfenphim, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thioquinox, thiram, THQ25, tiadinil, tioximide, tolclofos-methyl, tolfenpyrad, tolprocarb, tolfluanid, tolylmercuric acetate acetate), triadimefon, triadimenol, triamiphos, triarimol, triazbutil, triazoxide, trichlamide, Trichoderma afroharzianum (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) T-22 strain, Trichoderma asperellum (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) harzianum) ICC012 strain, T25 strain, TV1 strain, Trichoderma asperellumasperellum T34 strain, Trichoderma atrobrunneum (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) ITEM908 strain, Trichoderma atroviride (formerly Trichoderma harzianum) IMI206040 strain, T11 strain, Trichoderma atroviride I-1237 strain, Trichoderma atroviride Trichoderma atroviride LU132 strain, Trichoderma atroviride SC1 strain, Trichoderma gamsii (formerly Trichoderma viride viride) ICC080 strain, triclopyricarb, tricyclazole, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, UCQ09, Ulocladium oudemansi oudemansii U3 strain, uniconazole-P, urea, validamycin, valifenalate, vinclozolin, voriconazole, WLR08, zarilamid, zinc naphthenate, zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram, and zoxamide, preferably azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, strobin, benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole, tebuconazole, imazalil, penconazole, procymidone, vinclozolin, mancozeb, ziram, copper oxychloride, sulfur, fludioxonil, and / or iprovalicarb.

12. Use of a yeast strain belonging to the yeast species Papiliotrema terrestris according to claim 1 or claim 2, or use of a composition according to any one of claims 4 to 9, against phytopathogens of one or more plants or crops, in particular pre-sowing, pre-harvest or post-harvest.

13. 13. The use according to claim 12, wherein the one or more plants or crops are selected from cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, corn, sorghum; fruit trees such as olives, apples, pear trees, apricots, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, persimmons, bananas, grapes, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries; citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, mandarins, clementines, grapefruits; legumes such as beans, peas, lentils, soybeans; horticultural crops such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, artichokes, cabbage, carrots, onions, garlic, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers, fennel; gourds such as pumpkins, zucchinis, watermelons, melons; oil plants such as soybeans, sunflowers, canola, peanuts, castor beans, coconuts; tobacco; coffee; you; cocoa; sugar beets; sugar cane; and cotton.

14. 13. The use according to claim 12, wherein the plant pathogen is a fungus, such as, for example, a Basidiomycete, an Ascomycete, a Fungus Imperfecti, an Oomycete, a sexually or asexually reproducing fungus, a fungus with biotrophic or necrotrophic activity, a protist, or a Chromista.

15. The above fungi are Albugo spp.; Alternaria spp.; Anthracnose; Armillaria spp.; Ascochyta spp.; Aspergillus spp.; Blumeria graminis; Botrytis cinerea; Botrytis spp.; Bremia lactucae; Cercospora kikuchii; Cercospora sojina; Cercospora spp.; Cercosporella herpotrichoides; Cladosporium spp.; Claviceps purpurea; Colletotrichum spp.; Corynespora cassiicola; Diaporthe spp.; Erysiphe spp.; Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium spp.; Helminthosporium spp.; Leveillula Taurica; Macrophomina phaseolin; Magnaporthe oryzae; Magnaporthe spp.; Melampsora lini; Monilinia spp.; Mucor spp.; Mycosphaerella graminicola; Mycosphaerella spp.; Oidium spp.; Penicillium spp.; Downy mildew manshurica; Downy mildew spp; spp.;Rhizopus spp.;Rhynchosporium spp.

15. Use according to claim 14, selected from the group consisting of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia spp., Sclerotium cepivorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotium spp., Septoria glycines, Septoria spp., Sphaerotheca spp., Stemphylium spp., Stenocarpella maydis, Thielaviopsis basicola, Thielaviopsis spp., Tilletia spp., Uncinula spp., Uromyces spp., Ustilago maydis, Ustilago spp., Venturia spp., and Verticillium spp.

16. The use according to claim 12, wherein the plant pathogen is a bacterium, a virus or a nematode.

17. 17. The use according to claim 16, wherein the bacteria is selected from Pseudomonas spp., Xanthomonas spp., Clavibacter spp., Ralstonia spp., and Erwinia spp.

18. The use according to claim 16, wherein the nematode is selected from Meloidogyne spp., Heterodera spp., Globodera spp., Belonolaimus spp., Pratylenchus spp., Rotylenchulus spp., Trichodorus spp., and Paratylenchus spp.

19. 13. The use according to claim 12, wherein the yeast strain or the composition is applied to one or more intact or wounded parts of a plant selected from seeds, above-ground parts, leaves, stems, trunks, buds, embryos, branches, stems, flowers, fruits, and roots.

20. The amount of live cells of the yeast strain to be spread per unit of culture area is 10 per hectare. ８ ~10 １５ The use according to claim 12, wherein the range is CFU.

21. The yeast strain or the composition preferably has a concentration of 10 per gram of solid growth substrate. ２ ~10 １２ 13. The use according to claim 12, wherein a viable cell concentration of the yeast strain in the range of CFU is applied to a solid growth substrate such as soil.

22. 13. Use according to claim 12, wherein the plant pathogens are selected from Botrytis cinerea and Plasmopara viticola on grapes; Botrytis cinerea on strawberries; Botrytis cinerea and Phytopthora infestans on tomatoes; Venturia inequalis and Stemphylium spp. on apple and / or pear trees; Monilia spp. on stone fruits and / or Phytophtora spp. on potatoes.

23. Use of the kit described in claim 10 against plant pathogens of one or more plants or crops, in particular before sowing, before harvesting or after harvesting.

24. The use of claim 23, wherein a) and b) are used separately or sequentially.

25. 4. Use of a yeast strain belonging to the Papiliotrema terrestris yeast strain according to claim 3 as a plant protection agent.

26. A method for controlling plant pathogens in agricultural crops, comprising or consisting of applying the yeast strain belonging to the species Papiliotrema terrestris according to claim 1 or claim 2, or a composition according to any one of claims 4 to 9, to said crops or to the soil on which said crops grow, before sowing, before harvesting or after harvesting.

27. 27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the application is carried out on one or more intact or wounded parts of the crop selected from seeds, above-ground parts, leaves, stems, trunks, buds, shoots, branches, stems, flowers, fruits and roots.

28. The composition is administered at a dosage of 10 per hectare. ８ CFU~10 １５ 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the cell number is in the range of CFU.

29. A method for controlling plant pathogens in agricultural crops, comprising or consisting of applying the kit described in claim 10 to said crop or the soil in which said crop is growing before sowing, before harvesting or after harvesting.

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