Surgical robotic systems and their applications and components

Abstract

The present invention relates to an end effector (200) for a surgical, microsurgical, or sub-microsurgical robotic arm, the end effector (200) comprising at least an end effector base (202) and a first and a second movable finger (204) extending from the end effector base (202), the first and second movable fingers (204) configured and adapted to hold and manipulate at least one surgical instrument (116, 118). Additionally, the present invention relates to an end effector system (300) for a surgical, microsurgical, or sub-microsurgical robotic arm.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of robots for use in surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical procedures, in particular to an end effector, an end effector system and a robot arm comprising said end effector system for use in surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical procedures. [Background technology]

[0002] In particular, end effectors, end effector systems and robotic arms can be used in performing an anastomosis.

[0003] During surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical procedures, different types of surgical instruments are usually required.

[0004] The surgical instrument can be configured to be manually held and manipulated by an operator (e.g., a surgeon) during a surgical procedure.

[0005] Alternatively, the surgical instrument may be adapted to be robotically operated.

[0006] Robotic manipulator interfaces for use with surgical (or even microsurgical) robots are known in the art.

[0007] EP 3363401 discloses a robot manipulator interface for coupling a hinged surgical tool to a manipulator of a surgical robot, the interface comprising a first interface member coupled to the manipulator and a second interface member coupled to the first interface member, the second interface member arranged to mount the hinged surgical tool, the first interface member comprising a clamping mechanism for clamping the hinged surgical tool when the second interface member is coupled to the first interface member.

[0008] EP 1232836 discloses a robotic carrier for tweezers, the robotic carrier being attached to an arm of the robot and comprising a housing enclosing a motion drive for the tweezers and a mounting and indexing support. A motor actuates a pusher cam arm to engage the legs of the tweezers to open and close the legs of the tweezers. The housing is open at one end to receive the tweezers.

[0009] Surgical instruments of the same type, even from the same manufacturer, may have some small structural differences from each other, especially if they are hand finished or if some slight structural changes are made by the manufacturer.

[0010] In these cases, known end effectors may not be able to reliably interface with slightly modified surgical instruments. Additionally, a significant number of instruments for use in surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical procedures are specifically designed for manual use.

[0011] These hand instruments poorly interface with known end effectors and therefore must be manually operated.

[0012] Another limitation of the known solutions is that it is often difficult to maintain a sterile barrier during exchange of surgical instruments.

[0013] Because surgical instrument exchange occurs over an open wound on the patient, it is essential to maintain a sterile barrier to prevent the risk of infection or other disease to the patient undergoing the surgical procedure.

[0014] Yet another limitation of the known solutions is that the instruments do not always allow the operator to easily and safely perform surgical instrument exchanges.

[0015] In particular, there is a risk of accidental interaction with the patient and / or other devices or objects present in the surroundings.

[0016] Another problem with said known solutions relates to the risk of undesired interference with medical gloves worn by the operator. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0017] [Patent Document 1] European Patent No. 1232836 [Patent Document 2] European Patent No. 3363401 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0018] In light of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved end effector and end effector system, in particular one that has improved adaptability and can reliably interface even with surgical instruments designed for manual operation, and further, to provide an end effector and end effector system that allows the exchange of surgical instruments while maintaining a sterile barrier, thereby preventing the risk of infection or other disease for the patient, and to provide an end effector and end effector system that allows the operator to easily and safely exchange surgical instruments without the risk of undesired interactions with the patient and / or other devices or objects present in the surroundings and / or interference with medical gloves worn by the operator. [Means for solving the problem]

[0019] The above object is achieved by providing an end effector according to claim 1 and an end effector system according to claim 3.

[0020] Thus, there is provided an end effector for a surgical, microsurgical or microsurgical robotic arm, the end effector comprising: an end effector base; at least a first movable finger and at least a second movable finger extending from an end effector base, the first and second movable fingers configured and adapted to hold and manipulate at least one surgical instrument; At least:

[0021] The concept of this end effector according to the present disclosure and the present invention is based, among other things, but not limited by, the idea that the end effector can hold and manipulate a surgical instrument even if the surgical instrument does not fit the end effector. Furthermore, the end effector must be able to hold a surgical instrument directly or indirectly, since it should also be able to work with a sterile drape so that cleaning and sterilization of the end effector is easier and faster. This addresses, among other things, the objective that surgical instruments are primarily designed for manual use, but not for use with robots. Thus, although manual instruments are available, they interface poorly with existing end effectors of surgical robots. Typically, surgical robots are fitted with specific robot-targeted instruments. However, these are not readily available. With the end effectors disclosed herein, it is possible to use surgical instruments that have a proven track record of being suitable for the intended surgical procedure. In particular, the surgical instrument must not be adapted to mate with the end effector; rather, the end effector can work with any surgical tool in the same way that a surgeon can do so by hand.

[0022] In other words:

[0023] The present disclosure provides an end effector.

[0024] The end effector is configured and adapted for use with a surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm.

[0025] In particular, the robotic arm may be configured and adapted to perform an anastomosis.

[0026] The end effector includes an end effector base.

[0027] The end effector further includes a first movable finger and a second movable finger.

[0028] First and second movable fingers extend from the end effector base, the first and second movable fingers configured and adapted to hold and manipulate at least one surgical instrument.

[0029] The first and second moveable fingers of the end effector may be hollow.

[0030] Therefore, the overall weight of the end effector can be significantly reduced.

[0031] Additionally, the space defined within the hollow body may be used to accommodate additional components of the end effector, thus allowing one or more additional components to be provided without increasing the overall size of the end effector.

[0032] The present invention further provides an end effector system. Accordingly, there is provided an end effector system for a surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm, the end effector system comprising: an end effector as described herein, in particular as described above; at least one sterile drape configured to cover the end effector; at least one surgical instrument adapter configured to slide over the draped first and second fingers of the end effector and be locked in place by a locking mechanism; At least the surgical instrument adapter includes a connection element for connecting to the at least one surgical instrument to hold the at least one surgical instrument in a predetermined orientation relative to the end effector; The surgical instrument adapter is configured to transmit motion of the tips of the first and second fingers of the end effector to the at least one surgical instrument to manipulate the at least one surgical instrument.

[0033] The end effector system is configured and adapted for use with a surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm.

[0034] In particular, a surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm may be configured and adapted to perform the anastomosis. The end effector system includes the end effector described above.

[0035] Additionally, the end effector system includes a sterile drape configured to cover the end effector, which facilitates and simplifies handling of the end effector by facilitating cleaning after use and simplifying sterilization. In particular, the use of a sterile drape allows for quicker and easier handling and use of the end effector.

[0036] The end effector system still further includes a surgical instrument adaptor.

[0037] In particular, the surgical instrument adapter is configured to slide over the draped first and second fingers of the end effector and be locked in place by a locking mechanism.

[0038] The surgical instrument adapter includes a connection means for connecting to at least one surgical instrument.

[0039] The connecting means (eg, a clip) allows for holding at least one surgical instrument in a predetermined orientation relative to the end effector during a surgical procedure.

[0040] Advantageously, the connecting element may include or be embodied as a clip.

[0041] The clip concept allows for tool-free fastening.

[0042] The clip is part of an adapter that, in use, is placed over the fingers of an end effector, which can then be covered with a drape.

[0043] The adapter may also be held by a form fit on the fingers or on the fingers covered by the drape.

[0044] The device is placed within the clip and held in place during use.

[0045] The clip may allow for movement of the instrument, and there may be a live hinge for this, such that the clip can move relative to the adapter and still be physically connected to the adapter.

[0046] In other words, in use of the system, the fingers of the end effector may be covered with a drape, the adapter may be placed over the fingers and drape, and the surgical instrument may be clipped into and secured to the clips of the adapter and thereby secured within the end effector. In this manner, securing of the surgical instrument and the end effector is safe and easy to use.

[0047] In the case of surgical instruments designed for manual operation, the surgical instrument adapter may be connected to the portion of the surgical instrument intended as the instrument's human interface (i.e., the portion designed to be held by the operator's fingers during a surgical procedure).

[0048] Alternatively, the surgical instrument adapter may be configured to connect to a different portion of a surgical instrument other than that intended as a human interface.

[0049] The surgical instrument adapter is configured to transfer motion of the tips of the first and second fingers of the end effector to the at least one surgical instrument to manipulate the at least one surgical instrument.

[0050] Thus, the at least one surgical instrument is manipulated by the first and second fingers of the end effector via the surgical instrument adapter.

[0051] The presence of a sterile drape allows the sterile barrier to be maintained.

[0052] The surgical instrument adapter allows for improved adaptability of the end effector.

[0053] In particular, the surgical instrument adapter allows the end effector to reliably interface with each type of surgical instrument, even in the case of slight structural differences (e.g., as a result of hand finishing or some small structural modifications made by the manufacturer).

[0054] Additionally, the surgical instrument adapter allows the end effector to reliably interface with surgical instruments designed for manual manipulation.

[0055] The surgical instrument adapter further allows an operator to easily and safely exchange surgical instruments during a surgical procedure.

[0056] In particular, the risk of undesired interactions with the patient and / or other devices or objects present in the surroundings can be largely avoided.

[0057] Likewise, the risk of unwanted interference with the operator's gloves, which may result in the gloves tearing and thus a breach of the sterile barrier, can be prevented.

[0058] The invention is based on the basic idea that by providing a surgical instrument adapter as defined above, it is possible to improve the adaptability of the end effector, so that the end effector can reliably interface with the respective type of surgical instrument, even in the case of minor structural changes. Furthermore, the surgical instrument adapter allows the end effector to reliably interface with surgical instruments designed for manual operation. Moreover, the surgical instrument adapter allows the operator to easily and safely perform a surgical instrument exchange during the surgical procedure, thereby avoiding the risk of undesired interactions with the patient and / or other devices or objects present in the surroundings and / or not interfering with the medical gloves worn by the operator. Additionally, the presence of a sterile drape allows the maintenance of a sterile barrier throughout the entire surgical procedure, thereby reducing the risk of infection and / or other diseases in the patient undergoing the surgical procedure.

[0059] Thus, the need to exchange surgical instruments during the course of a surgical procedure may be reduced.

[0060] The locking mechanism is a first unlocked state; a second locked state that secures the surgical instrument adapter in place on the first and second fingers of the end effector; and It can be configured to switch between

[0061] The locking mechanism may provide an intuitive and easy unlocking and locking of the surgical instrument, which is necessary to ensure operational safety.

[0062] When the locking mechanism is placed in the second, locked state, a spring force may be exerted from the sterile drape as a result of the compression exerted by the locking mechanism.

[0063] In this way, the locking mechanism can be held stable in place, providing the necessary locking force to secure the surgical instrument is an easy and safe design solution.

[0064] Alternatively, a spring force may be generated from the adapter as a result of compression applied by placing the locking mechanism in the second, locked state, cooperating to maintain the locking mechanism in place.

[0065] Again, the effect is to keep the locking mechanism stable in place.

[0066] This is also an easy and safe solution. It can be combined with the previous option where the spring force comes from a sterile drape.

[0067] As a further alternative, the spring force may be generated from the sterile drape as a result of stretching of the sterile drape determined by placing the locking mechanism in the second locked state.

[0068] Again, the advantage is that the locking mechanism can be kept stable in place, and this is an easy and safe solution, which can be combined with the previous options.

[0069] The locking mechanism is part of the adapter, with which the locking mechanism can be slid onto a sterile drape and secured to the fingers of the end effector without the risk of generating particles due to friction between the surfaces.

[0070] Therefore, the sterility and safety of the surgical site can be further improved.

[0071] The locking mechanism may be a bi-stable mechanism that naturally favors the unlocked state.

[0072] This ensures that the locking mechanism is always open when deployed, thereby avoiding interference with handling.

[0073] In such a case, the locking mechanism is manually placed in the second locked state when positioned over the draped fingers of the end effector.

[0074] Alternatively, the locking mechanism may be a bi-stable mechanism that naturally favors the locked state.

[0075] This ensures that the locking mechanism automatically locks when placed over the draped fingers of the end effector.

[0076] The locking mechanism can be transitioned between the locked and unlocked states using a locking tool. The surgical instrument adapter can be configured to maintain alignment between a longitudinal axis of the surgical instrument and an axis of rotation of the end effector during a surgical procedure.

[0077] Alternatively, the surgical instrument adapter may be configured to hold the surgical instrument in a position during surgery where the longitudinal axis of the surgical instrument is offset at a predetermined angle relative to the axis of rotation of the end effector.

[0078] Advantageously, the surgical instrument adaptor may be configured to hold additional surgical instruments.

[0079] In particular, the additional surgical instruments may include scissors.

[0080] What is important to the surgeon is that he or she is able to use several surgical tools, which are adapted to the current state of the surgery provided and enabled by the end effector system.

[0081] Additionally, the surgical instrument adapter is configured to maintain alignment between the longitudinal axis of at least one surgical instrument and the rotational axis of the end effector during a surgical procedure, thus ensuring the precision required for micro- or sub-microsurgery.

[0082] It is also possible for the surgical instrument adapter to be configured to hold at least one surgical instrument in a position where the longitudinal axis of the at least one surgical instrument is offset by a predetermined angle relative to the rotational axis of the end effector during surgery, thus allowing for more design freedom while still maintaining the precision required for surgery.

[0083] Advantageously, the sterile drape may be a glove-like drape that covers the end effector.

[0084] This allows for a better conformance of the sterile drape to the shape of the end effector.

[0085] Advantageously, the glove-like drape and the end effector may have complementary shapes.

[0086] Thus, undesired rotation and any movement of the glove drape and end effector relative to one another can be prevented, rather, their relative positions relative to one another can and will be maintained.

[0087] The sterile drape may be connected to another sterile drape that covers the robotic arm.

[0088] For example, the sterile drape may be a separate piece that is temporarily or permanently secured to a sterile drape covering the robotic arm.

[0089] However, when connected to a sterile drape covering the robotic arm, the sterile drape can maintain a degree of freedom to rotate about the axis of rotation of the end effector.

[0090] In particular, the sterile drape can have full freedom to rotate about the axis of rotation of the end effector.

[0091] Alternatively, rotation of the sterile drape about the axis of rotation of the end effector can be limited to a certain maximum angle.

[0092] The sterile drape may have a uniform thickness.

[0093] This results in a more economical and easier to manufacture solution.

[0094] Alternatively, the sterile drape may have local thickness variations.

[0095] This allows for an improved construction of the sterile drape, which can be significantly less susceptible to ruptures and / or punctures.

[0096] For example, the portions of the sterile drape that are subject to greater stresses can be made thicker.

[0097] Additionally, portions of the sterile drape may be optimized for use as compression or tension springs.

[0098] Still further, improved compliance with the end effector can be achieved by providing sterile drapes having different thicknesses.

[0099] The sterile drape can include a sealing interface.

[0100] In particular, the sealing interface may be configured to connect to other parts of a surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm.

[0101] Alternatively, the sterile interface may be configured to connect to a sterile drape covering a surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm.

[0102] In particular, the sealing interface may be in the form of a circular lip.

[0103] Additionally, the sealing interface may be or be embodied to have a circumferential lip for sealing.

[0104] The sterile drape can be made from an insulating material.

[0105] During the course of a surgical procedure, the surface temperature of the end effectors and surgical instruments must remain below 43°C.

[0106] By providing an insulating sterile drape, the desired temperature can be easily maintained below 43° C., especially when compared to sterile bags used in the art.

[0107] Additionally or alternatively, the sterile drape can be made of an electrically insulating material.

[0108] During surgical procedures, it is important to shield the patient from harmful electrical currents.

[0109] By providing an electrically insulating sterile drape, it is possible to obtain improved electrical insulation and therefore better protection for the patient, especially when compared to sterile bags used in the field.

[0110] Advantageously, the end effector system may further comprise an indicating element for indicating whether the locking means is in the first unlocked state or in the second locked state.

[0111] This provides intuitive feedback to the operator as to the correct positioning and orientation of the adapter on the fingers of the end effector, thereby preventing the introduction of errors.

[0112] In particular, the indicator element can include an alignment feature that visually indicates whether the locking element is in a first unlocked state or a second locked state depending on alignment or misalignment between a surface of the alignment element and a surface of the surgical instrument adapter.

[0113] Additionally or alternatively, the indicator element may include means for emitting a visual and / or audio signal to the operator.

[0114] Finally, the present invention provides a surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm comprising an end effector system as described above.

[0115] In particular, the robotic arm may be configured and adapted to perform an anastomosis.

[0116] Further advantages of the present invention will now be disclosed in connection with the drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0117] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a surgical robotic system during a surgical procedure in an operating room.

[0118] [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of details of the surgical robotic system of FIG. 1, with different parts of the surgical robotic system identified.

[0119] [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing details of an end effector of the surgical robot system of FIG. 1.

[0120] [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a plan view of an end effector for a surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0121] [Diagram 5]FIG. 5 is a top view of an end effector system including the end effector of FIG. 4, a sterile drape, and a surgical tool adapter according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0122] [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector system of FIG.

[0123] [Figure 7] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the end effector system of FIG.

[0124] [Figure 8] This is a cross-sectional view taken along line aa.

[0125] [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of detail b of FIG. 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0126] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a surgical robotic system 100 and its uses and components during a surgical procedure.

[0127] Here, a first surgeon S1 and a second surgeon S2 are positioned on either side of a bed B and perform a surgical operation on a patient P lying on the bed B.

[0128] The surgical robotic system 100 includes a base station 102 .

[0129] The surgical robotic system 100 further includes a base column 104 .

[0130] The base column 104 is a cylindrical pillar in the illustrated embodiment.

[0131] The base station 102 includes a display module 106 for displaying information to one or more operators, such as surgeons S1, S2, or other personnel.

[0132] The display module 106 may also be used to provide a user interface that allows one or more operators to enter user input.

[0133] Furthermore, the surgical robotic system 100, in the illustrated embodiment, is equipped with a suspension arm 108, a fork-like element 110, a first surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm 112, a second surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm 114, a first surgical instrument 116, and a second surgical instrument 118. Other possible embodiments may be equipped with a different number of robotic arms 112, 114, i.e., one or more robotic arms or one or more surgical instruments 116, 118.

[0134] The base station 102 is provided with wheels 120 (two are shown in FIG. 1), which allow the surgical robotic system 100 to be easily positioned in a desired location within the operating room.

[0135] The suspension arm 108 is arranged horizontally in the illustrated embodiment. The suspension arm is also adjustable in length since it has two parts which provide the possibility to adjust the length by telescopically moving the parts of the suspension arm 108 relative to each other. It is also possible that other mechanisms for length adjustment could be used, e.g. SCARA mechanisms, hinge solutions, etc.

[0136] The suspension arm 108 is connected to the base column 104 .

[0137] The suspension arm 108 carries a fork-like element 110 (bracket 110).

[0138] Here, a fork-shaped element 110 carries a first surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm 112 and a second surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm 114 (FIG. 2).

[0139] Each of the first and second surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arms 112,114 is connected to one end effector system carrying a surgical instrument 116,118.

[0140] The end effector system may be an end effector 200, described below.

[0141] System 100 may also be used in combination with end effector system 300, described below.

[0142] The surgical instruments 116, 118 may be of the same type or may be different from one another.

[0143] The suspension arm 108 is configured to rotate about a longitudinal axis of the base column 104 to allow for desired positioning of the fork-like element 110 and the robotic arms 112, 114 relative to the surgical site.

[0144] Similarly, the fork-shaped element 110 is configured to rotate about the axis of the suspension arm 108 , ie, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base column 104 .

[0145] In the illustrated configuration, the surgical robotic system 100 is adapted for use with a conventional microscope M (FIGS. 1 and 2).

[0146] Alternatively, a fully digital microscope or a so-called hybrid microscope (not shown in FIG. 1) can be used as well. In such a case, one or more surgeons are located at separate consoles and a robotic cart is placed at the position of one of the surgeons S1, S2 in FIG.

[0147] The surgical robotic system 100 is intended to provide one large patient-side setup, meaning no assembly is required after draping.

[0148] FIG. 2 shows different sections A, B, and C of the surgical robotic system 100.

[0149] In section A, there is no movement, everything is still.

[0150] The display means 106 (included in Section A) can be activated by one or more operators.

[0151] In section B, there is some movement during the surgical procedure to accurately reposition the surgical instruments 116, 118 on the patient P.

[0152] As shown in FIG. 2, between the surgical robotic arms 112, 114 a space is defined for a microscope (not shown, but only symbolized in FIG. 2).

[0153] Section C includes, among other things, the end effectors (such as end effector 200 described below) where several movements occur during the course of a surgical procedure.

[0154] One of the end effectors 200 carrying a respective surgical instrument 116, 118 is shown in detail in FIG.

[0155] The function of the end effector is, among other things, to actuate the surgical instruments 116, 118, provide a mounting interface, and rotate about the instrument axis.

[0156] FIG. 4 shows a top view of an end effector 200 for a surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0157] The end effector 200 may be used in combination with the surgical robotic system 100 of FIGS.

[0158] In such case, each end effector 200 is connected to a respective surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm 112, 114 (FIG. 2).

[0159] The end effector 200 includes an end effector base 202 .

[0160] The end effector 200 further includes a first movable finger 204 and a second movable finger 204 extending from the end effector base 202 .

[0161] In particular, the first and second moveable fingers 204 of the end effector 200 are configured and adapted to hold at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 such that movement of the robotic arm can facilitate six degrees of freedom movement of the surgical instrument 116, 118. In addition to but not included in the six degrees of freedom mentioned are opening and closing movements of the instrument, which are also provided.

[0162] In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second moveable fingers 204 are covered by a drape 302 (FIG. 5).

[0163] The drape 302 is a sterile drape, as described below, and is adapted to fit over the moveable fingers 204 and completely cover the end effector 200, at least on its open surface, during use, i.e., to cover all portions exposed to the patient and the surgical site.

[0164] Advantageously, the first and second movable fingers 204 may be configured as hollow bodies.

[0165] This significantly reduces the overall weight of the end effector 200.

[0166] Additionally, the hollow body may be adapted to accommodate additional components without increasing the overall dimension of the end effector 200.

[0167] In this embodiment, the end effector 200 is made as a single piece, which makes it possible to avoid play and assembly risks.

[0168] FIG. 5 illustrates an end effector system 300 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0169] The end effector system 300 may be used in combination with the surgical robotic system 100 of FIGS.

[0170] In such a case, each end effector system 300 is connected to a respective surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm 112, 114.

[0171] The end effector system 300 includes the end effector 200 described above with reference to FIG.

[0172] In addition, the end effector system 300 includes a sterile drape 302, which is described further below.

[0173] A sterile drape 302 is configured to cover the end effector 200, as shown in FIG.

[0174] Furthermore, the end effector system 300 includes a surgical instrument adaptor 304 .

[0175] In particular, the surgical instrument adapter 304 is configured to slide over the draped first and second fingers 204 of the end effector 200 and be locked in place by a locking mechanism (not shown), which is further described below.

[0176] In this embodiment, the surgical tool adaptor 304 is generally U-shaped.

[0177] Proximal to curved portion 314 of U-shaped surgical instrument adaptor 304 is a partially rounded recess 312 formed therein.

[0178] In the illustrated embodiment, curved portion 314 has a reduced thickness and increased resilience than other portions of U-shaped surgical instrument adapter 304 (FIGS. 5 and 7).

[0179] The surgical instrument adapter 304 is designed for a particular type or family of surgical instruments.

[0180] The surgical instrument adapter 304 may be configured to connect to a portion of at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 that is intended as the human interface of the instrument.

[0181] The surgical tool adapter 304 may be provided with labeling elements, such as printing, a QR code, a bar code, and / or an RFID code or tag, to provide information about the adapter.

[0182] Alternatively, the surgical instrument adapter 304 may be configured to connect to a portion of the at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 other than that intended as a human interface.

[0183] The surgical instrument adapter 304 includes a connection means 306, here a clip 306, for connection to at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 to hold the at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 in a predetermined orientation relative to the end effector 200.

[0184] For example, the at least one surgical instrument 116 , 118 can be positioned and maintained in a fixed position such that a longitudinal axis of the at least one surgical instrument 116 , 118 is aligned with respect to an axis of rotation of the end effector 200 .

[0185] Alternatively, the at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 can be positioned and maintained in a fixed position such that there is a slight offset in distance and / or angle between the longitudinal axis of the at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 and the rotational axis of the end effector 200.

[0186] As a further alternative, the at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 can be positioned and maintained in a fixed position such that there is a large offset between the longitudinal axis of the at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 and the rotational axis of the end effector 200.

[0187] In the illustrated embodiment, the locking mechanism 308 of the surgical tool adapter 304 includes fingers and a moving portion that grips the drape in a form-fitting manner (FIGS. 5, 7 and 8).

[0188] The structure of the locking mechanism 308 according to this embodiment is shown in detail in the cross-sectional views provided in FIGS.

[0189] In this embodiment, the locking mechanism 308 has two moving arms 316 having a first arm portion 318 and a second arm portion 320 inboard of the first arm portion 318. The second arm portion 320 has an outer layer 322 made of plastic, a middle layer 324 made of silicone, and an inner layer 326 made of metal. The inner layer 326 defines a void 328 (empty or unfilled space 328).

[0190] When the locking mechanisms 308 are placed in their operative positions to connect the instrument adapter 304 to the at least one surgical instrument 116, 118, the actuation force AF acts as shown in FIG 9 (see also the description below) to generate a resultant force RF that locks the surgical instrument 116, 118. Thus, the at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 is held stably in place at a desired position relative to the end effector 200.

[0191] The instrument adaptor 304 has an instrument clip 306 which holds the surgical instruments 116, 118 and can move relative to the instrument adaptor 304, for example, here by a compliant connection such as a live hinge.

[0192] The surgical instrument adapter 304 is configured to transfer movement of the tips of the first and second fingers 204 of the end effector 200 to the at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 connected to the end effector 200 so as to move the at least one surgical instrument 116, 118, thereby facilitating movement of the at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 in opening and closing movements in addition to the six degrees of freedom of the at least one surgical instrument 116, 118.

[0193] In the illustrated embodiment, a space is defined between the intersection of the proximal end of the surgical instrument 116, 118 with the instrument adapter 304 and the end effector base 202 (FIGS. 4 and 5).

[0194] In other words, the intersection is not in contact with the end effector base 202 .

[0195] The locking mechanism 308 is a first unlocked state; a second locked state; The switch is configured to switch between

[0196] In the second, locked state, the locking mechanism secures the surgical instrument adapter 304 in place on the first and second fingers 204 of the end effector 200.

[0197] In the end effector system 300, a spring force may be generated from the sterile drape 302 as a result of the compression applied by placing the locking mechanism in the second, locked state.

[0198] This makes it easier to keep the locking mechanism in place.

[0199] Alternatively, the spring force may be generated from the adapter 304 as a result of compression applied by placing the locking mechanism in the second, locked state.

[0200] This makes it easier to keep the locking mechanism in place.

[0201] As a further alternative, a spring force may be generated from the sterile drape 302 as a result of the stretching of the sterile drape 302 determined by placing the locking mechanism in the second locked state.

[0202] This makes it easier to keep the locking mechanism in place.

[0203] In the illustrated embodiment, the end effector system 300 has a live hinge 330 (FIG. 6). The live hinge 330 results from the fact that a 3D printed shell is used as the chassis. It is a single piece with the design intent that the hinge has no stick-slip effect and no hysteresis in the hinge movement. Furthermore, there is no machining and the shell is a "one-part shell". The hinge is part of the whole as a result of the area where the wall thickness has been reduced, allowing the movement in this very part of the shell, thereby forming the hinge.

[0204] The locking mechanism may be a bi-stable system that naturally prioritizes an unlocked state. In such a case, once the locking mechanism is deployed on the draped end effector 200, the lock must be manually actuated to place the locking mechanism in the locked state. This solution has the advantage of ensuring that the locking mechanism remains in the unlocked state during deployment, thereby preventing interference with handling.

[0205] Alternatively, the locking mechanism may be a bi-stable system that naturally prioritizes the locked state, ensuring that the locking mechanism will automatically lock after deployment.

[0206] Transitioning the locking mechanism between the locked and unlocked states can be accomplished using a locking tool.

[0207] Advantageously, the surgical instrument adapter 304 may be configured to hold additional surgical instruments.

[0208] For example, scissors may be added to any other surgical instruments to prevent the need to change instruments, thereby reducing the overall time required to perform a complete anastomosis.

[0209] The surgical instrument adapter 304 is configured to maintain alignment between a longitudinal axis of at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 and the rotational axis of the end effector 200 during a surgical procedure.

[0210] The surgical instrument adapter 304 may be configured to hold at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 in a position where the longitudinal axis of the at least one surgical instrument 116, 118 is offset by a predetermined angle relative to the rotational axis of the end effector 200 during a surgical procedure.

[0211] In this embodiment, the sterile drape 302 is a glove-like drape 302 that covers the end effector 200 (FIGS. 5 to 7).

[0212] This allows for a better fit of the sterile drape 302 to the shape of the end effector 200.

[0213] Notably, in the illustrated embodiment, the glove drape 302 and the end effector 200 have complementary shapes (FIG. 5).

[0214] This has the advantage that undesired rotation of the sterile drape 302 and the end effector 200 relative to one another can be prevented.

[0215] The sterile drape 302 may have a uniform thickness.

[0216] A sterile drape 302 having a uniform thickness has the advantage of being easier and cheaper to manufacture.

[0217] Alternatively, the sterile drape 302 may have local thickness variations.

[0218] Although more expensive to manufacture, this solution has the advantage that it is significantly less susceptible to rupture and / or punctures.

[0219] The sterile drape 302 may be provided with a sealing interface (not shown).

[0220] The sealing interface may be configured to connect to other components of a surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm.

[0221] Alternatively, the sealing interface may be configured to connect to a sterile drape 302 that covers a surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm.

[0222] Preferably, the sealing interface includes a circular lip.

[0223] Advantageously, the sterile drape 302 may be made of an insulating material.

[0224] During the course of surgery, microsurgery or sub-microsurgery, it is required that the surface temperatures of the end effector 200 and surgical instruments 116, 118 be maintained at a temperature below 43°C.

[0225] The use of a sterile drape 302 made from an insulating material makes it easier to maintain the surface temperature of the end effector 200 and surgical instruments 116, 118 at an appropriate temperature below 43° C. when compared to the thin bag-like drapes of the prior art.

[0226] Additionally or alternatively, the sterile drape 302 can be made of an electrically insulating material.

[0227] This allows the patient P to be easily and effectively shielded from harmful electrical currents without the risk of compromising the sterile barrier.

[0228] The sterile drape 302 may be a fixed assembly with other sterile drape portions (not shown) that cover the entire surgical robot, in which case a single sterile drape covers the entire robotic arm.

[0229] In particular, the glove-like drape 302 can be permanently connected to a sterile drape covering the robotic arm (not shown). The glove-like drape 302 can be freely rotated around the axis of rotation of the end effector 200 to a maximum angle or even endlessly.

[0230] Alternatively, the sterile drape 302 may be separate from the other sterile drape portions that cover the entire surgical robot.

[0231] The end effector 200 may further include an indicating means for indicating whether the locking means is in the first unlocked state or the second locked state.

[0232] In this embodiment, the indication means includes an alignment element 310 that visually indicates whether the locking means is in a first unlocked state or a second locked state depending on the alignment or misalignment between a surface of the alignment element 310 and a surface of the surgical instrument adapter 304.

[0233] Additionally or alternatively, the indication means may include means for emitting a visual and / or audio signal to the operator (not shown). [Explanation of symbols]

[0234] 100 Surgical Robot System 102 Base station 104 Bass Column 106 Display Module 108 Suspension arm 110 Fork-shaped elements 112 (first) surgical, microsurgical or ultra-microsurgical robotic arm 114 (Second) Surgical, Microsurgical or Ultra-Microsurgical Robot Arm 116 Surgical instruments 118 Surgical instruments 120 wheels 200 End Effector 202 End effector base 204 Movable Finger 300 End Effector System 302 Sterile drapes 304 Surgical Instrument Adapter 306 Instrument Clip 308 Connection means (locking mechanism) 310 U-shaped alignment element 312 Recess 314 Curved portion of surgical instrument adapter 316 Clip Arm 318 First clip arm part 320 Second clip arm part 322 Outer layer of second clip arm portion (plastic) 324 Middle layer of second clip arm part (silicone) 326 Inner layer of second clip arm portion (metal) 328 Void / empty space 330 Live Hinge B Bed M microscope S1 First Surgeon S2 Second Surgeon P patient AF operating force RF resultant force

Claims

1. 1. An end effector (200) for a surgical, microsurgical, or sub-microsurgical robotic arm, comprising: - an end effector base (202); - a first movable finger (204) and a second movable finger (204) extending from the end effector base (202), the first and second movable fingers (204) configured and adapted to hold and manipulate at least one surgical instrument (116, 118); The end effector (200) comprises at least

2. the first and second movable fingers (204) of the end effector (200) being configured as hollow bodies, optionally configured and adapted to accommodate additional components of the end effector (200); The end effector (200) of claim 1 .

3. 1. An end effector system (300) for a surgical, microsurgical, or sub-microsurgical robotic arm, comprising: - an end effector (200) according to claim 1 or 2, - a sterile drape (302) configured to cover said end effector (200); a surgical instrument adaptor (304) configured to slide onto the draped first and second fingers (204) of the end effector (200) and be locked in place by a locking mechanism; At least the surgical instrument adapter (304) includes a clip (306) for the at least one surgical instrument (116, 118) to hold the at least one surgical instrument (116, 118) in a predetermined orientation relative to the end effector (200); and An end effector system (300), wherein the surgical instrument adapter (304) is configured to transmit movement of the tips of the first and second fingers (204) of the end effector (200) to the at least one surgical instrument (116, 118) to operate the at least one surgical instrument (116, 118).

4. The locking mechanism (308) a first unlocked state; a second locked state that secures the surgical tool adapter (304) in place on the first and second fingers (204) of the end effector (200); be configured to switch between The end effector system (300) of claim 3,

5. a spring force is generated from the sterile drape (302) as a result of compression applied by placing the locking mechanism in the second locked state, and cooperates to maintain the locking mechanism in place. The end effector system (300) of claim 4,

6. As a result of compression applied by placing the locking mechanism in the second locked state, a spring force is generated from the adapter (304) and cooperates to maintain the locking mechanism in a fixed position. The end effector system (300) of claim 4,

7. a spring force is generated from the sterile drape (302) as a result of the extension of the sterile drape (302) determined by placing the locking mechanism in the second locked state, and cooperates with the locking mechanism to maintain the locking mechanism in place. The end effector system (300) of claim 4.

8. The surgical instrument adaptor (304) is configured to hold additional surgical instruments (116, 118), preferably including scissors. The end effector system (300) of claim 3,

9. the surgical instrument adapter (304) is configured to maintain alignment between a longitudinal axis of the at least one surgical instrument (116, 118) and an axis of rotation of the end effector (200) during a surgical procedure; The end effector system (300) of claim 3,

10. the surgical instrument adapter (304) is configured to hold the at least one surgical instrument (116, 118) in a position during a surgical procedure where the longitudinal axis of the at least one surgical instrument (116, 118) is offset by a predetermined angle relative to the rotational axis of the end effector (200); The end effector system (300) of claim 3,

11. the sterile drape (302) includes a sealing interface configured to connect to another component of the robot arm or to the sterile drape (302) covering the robot arm, preferably the sealing interface includes a circular or circumferential lip. The end effector system (300) of claim 3,

12. further comprising an indicator element for indicating whether the locking element is in the first unlocked state or the second locked state. The end effector system (300) of claim 4,

13. the indicator element includes an alignment element (310) that visually indicates whether the locking element is in the first unlocked state or the second locked state depending on alignment or misalignment between a surface of the alignment element and a surface of the surgical tool adaptor (304), and / or the indicator element includes means for emitting a visual and / or audio signal to the operator. The end effector system (300) of claim 12,

14. A surgical, microsurgical or sub-microsurgical robotic arm comprising an end effector system (300) according to any one of claims 3 to 13.

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